DC motor Speed control Lab report

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Abstract

This is the experiment in which speed control of Dc motor is discussed. The importance of
measuring speed control of the motor is explained. By the changing of model parameters
the speed of measured signal controlled to reach to the reference signal without any delay
and overshoot. Different responses are measured by changing the values of kp and ki. The
equation are used to calculate the value of kp and ki by using the modelling parameter.
The performance of the controller’s discussed by different input reference step and
change in the behaviour of reference speed and measured speed are also discussed. The
results are conducted by the experimental and simulation calculation.

Keywords: reference speed, measured speed, model parameters, simulation

Introduction

DC motor is the machine to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. The speed
control system in the DC motor need the controller. The speed controlled by the variation
of supply voltage and also vary flux. It can be done by varying current by field winding.
Speed can be controlled by the variation of armature voltage and armature resistance. The
reason to use speed control method in the DC motor to change the speed because it can’t
change speed like the sync motor and induction motor through changing the input voltage
frequency. The speed control is important to do the mechanical work and makes motor to
easily operate and function [1]. In this experiment, the proportional kp and integral ki is
calculated. Their reposes are also evaluated in this experiment. The experiment identify
transfer function of the DC motor and design the proportional and integral controllers for
controlling the motor speed.

Theory

The square wave show while running the motor is equal to the voltage input. The
experiment shows the voltage input and speed output. The two speeds are given reference
speed and measured speed. To calculate the percentage, this experiment is on the speed
control of Dc motor. The desired speed and actual speed measured [2]. The maximum
value of the response is ymax which occurs in the tmax time. The overshoot is:

In the second order system, overshoot depends on damping ratio parameter.

; PO = 100 e

For the peak time, tp is the time takes for responses to reach the maximum value:

The proportional kp and integral ki and control gains by the model parameters. The
proportional parameters and integral control gain are:

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Result and discussion

In the experiment the device is chosen correctly for the speed control. The speed is set
with the 25 amplitude, 0.4 frequency and 100 offset. The controlled parameters are also
set with kp= 0.00500V.s/rad, ki= 1.00V/rad, and bps= 0.00. The one cycle is noted from
7 to 9 in x-axis. The measured speed is trying to follow the reference speed but it delayed
because the measured speed can’t go right angle directly on the reference speed to catch
difference. This behaviour repeated in very cycle. Then the changes are measured in the
measured speed with the respect of reference speed. With the increase of kp the overshoot
reduce in the signal and increase the delay. When the kp and ki is 0 then it stop measured
signalling.

Figure 1: Delay of measured speed signal

On the changing value of ki less, the delay occurred and measured signal can’t reach to the
reference signal. Increase ki from 0.2 to further 1, it reduce the delay and on the same
time it makes some overshoots. The peak time and overshoot time measures by using the
equations. In this experiment, the comparison is done between the calculated kp and ki
with the experimental kp and ki. The increasing zeta on measured speed response reduce
the overshooting and it increase the delay. The proportional parameters and integral
control gain are calculated by the equations and it measure the speed response.

Conclusion

It is conclude that by changing the value of kp and ki it change the signalling response.
The square wave signals generates on the start of the DC motor. On increasing kp the
overshoot reduce and then it increase the delay in measured and reference speed signals.
The values of peak time and overshoot time changes to change the measured signalling.

References

[1] F. Ahmed and A. A. Mahfouz, “P-I and I-P controllers in a closed loop for DC motor
drives,” IEEE Xplore, 2010.

[2] M. S. S. Umadi and D. Patil, “DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

USINGMICROCONTROLLER,” International Journal of Engineering and
Techniques, vol. 2, no. 6, 2016.

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