King'S College Ikng'S College: Hilippines

KING'S COLLEGE OF THE HILIPPINES
IKNG'S COLLEGE N ATI ON , LI HT TH E WORLD.

PICO ROAD, LA TRINIDAD, BENGUET 2601 I EMAIL: KINGSCOLLEGE@IKCP.EDU.PH I TEL! FAX NO.: 620-3208, TEL NO.: 422-3576
NSTP-Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC 1)

1ST SEMESTER AT20 242021
iii3OITARYSCIE4r
o' " 44
SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS:
Preliminary Examination: September 22-26, 2020
Midterm Examination: November 3-7, 2020
Final Examination: December 15-19, 2020
ROTC FB ACCOUNT: Kcp Rotcu
ROTC GC: NSTP ROTC 1

NSTP ROTC 2
ROTC EMAIL ADDRESS: kcp.rotcu@gmail.com

KING'S COLLEGE of the PHILIPPINES
F O R M E R L Y E A S T E R N L U 7 O N C O L I F C, F C B F N G LI F T
KCP ROTC UNIT
MIDTERM PERIOD
FIRST SEMESTER, AY 2019-2020
Dear Cadets,
This module contained the Midterm learning lectures and tasks. Composed of
seven (7) lessons that you should have to read and work on it. Tasks like
activities, quizzes and assignments will be found every end of each chapter. There is
time allotment given to every lesson and hope that you will devote your time on it.
Remember, " The beautiful thing about learning is that nobody can take it away from
you."
After doing the Learning Tasks, please detach the activities and keep the
lecture notes that will serve as your study guide for incoming examination. For
passing purposes, those who are near the school can submit their activities. But for
those in provinces will submit on the designated collection time and areas. We will
keep you posted regarding this matter.
Please read and understand the learning lectures and answer the learning
task properly. Instructions were provided on each activity. Please follow and read
carefully. If you have any questions or clarifications please text or call the
following mobile numbers:
Lovely Joy T Sapling - Mobile No. 09306178469

Rogelene D Ducusene - Mobile No. 09507662777
John S Lingaling - Mobile No. 09488437813
We educate as one, we pray as one, we heal as one.
KCP ROTCU
Army Vision by 2018, A world class Army that is a source of National Pride
PREFACE
The manual Military Science-1 handbook is design for college students under the
National Service Training Program- Reserve Officer Training Corps (NSTP-ROTC). As
intended for the cadets, it cherishes a desire that through this handbook, the students will
surely understand more about Military knowledge. This handbook ensures to meld the
ROTC cadets with national pride and a good appreciation in the history of the Armed
Forces of the Philippines_ It is good start for the cadets to learn and develop their military
knowledge and skills to prepare them as capable reservists of the AFP.
This ROTC manual is a compilation of the subject's military Science-1 from the
military books and Philippine army manuals as well. This manual seeks to help and assist
the instructors and cadets to easily catch up the idea of the teachings in each military
subject, in order for the student's further guidance in understanding the meaning of a
military ife.
Likewise, the King's College of the Philippines- Reserve Officer Training Corps
would like to express its deep gratitude to the volunteer ROTC instructors and KCP-
ROTCU (GMA's) from the, 1401st Community Defense Center, 14 (CAR) Regional
Community Defense Group, ARESCOM; to the KCP Administration especially to the
NSTP Directors and to the supporting President of the University. And most of all, to the
Great Father God, the creator of the Universe that give us the right knowledge and
strength, we gave our sincerest gratitude from the heart.
Department of Military Science and Tactics
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. LEGAL BASIS 1
2. AFP ORGANIZATION 10
3. MILITARY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE 14
4. INTERIOR GUARD DUTY 18
5. MILITARY LEADERSHIP 22
6. f-IYGIENE AND SANITATION 28
7. MILITARY JUSTICE 30
8. HUMAN RIGHTS 38
9. THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY 46
10. COMBAT TRAINING OF INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER 51 .
11. SIGNAL COMMUNICATION 54
12. BASIC SURVIVAL 56
13. FIRST AID 59
14. BASIC INTELLIGENCE 60
15. BASIC MAP READING 63
16. BASIC WEAPONS TRAINING 69
17. INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT TECHNIQUE 76
DISASTER RELIEF AND RESCUE OPERATION 79

HYGIENE AND SANITATION

INTRODUCTION
Hygiene and sanitation is an individual concern of every member of the AFP. It is

often times said that the command's condition and the state of health of soldiers in the
units is one measurement of leadership, therefore the state of health of men and the
unsanitary condition of the works reflects poor leadership and weak discipline in the part of
the commander. It is necessary for a leader to learn the basic rules in personal
hygiene and sanitation not only to set as an example or their men but also to impart to
them the importance of clean and health living in the attainment of the unit's mission.
1. HYGIENE- the science that deals with health and maintenance of being clean
always. it deals with those measures taken by individual to preserve his own health.
Health-the state of indivdual who enjoys physical, mental and social well-being
a. IMPORTNCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE

1. Protects individual of group against diseases.
2. It promotes sound and positive total disease.
3. It promotes or boasts ones' morale.
b. SCOPE OR PERSONAL HYGIENE
1. Personal Cleanliness (hair, skin, hands, clothing)
2. Food and drinks —origin of foods and drinks taken and properly prepared.
3. Proper exercise.
4. Relaxation and recreation.
5. Protection and prevention against disease- observing and practicing
health measure.
6. Cultivation of healthy minds to preserve and establish a health mental
attitude and emotional reactions.
EXERCISE- to condition one's body and to wear out those unnecessary fats and
calories.
HEALTHY MINDS- to react maturely facing the reality.
2. SANITATION- the science of using measures that prevent diseases and to promote
individual health
Field sanitation- the prevent ion of disease by culminating or controlling factors which may
form links in disease transmission.
Water- the prime necessity and one of our basic needs for existence of life-no man can
last more than 4-5 days without drinking water- it is utilized as bathing, cooing, washing
and etc.
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MPURITIES WATER CAN BE TREATED BY:

1. Use of chlorine-powerful dirty contaminated. 2.
8-10 drops of iodine or 1 gallon of water.
3. Boiling of at least 30 minutes.
OURCES OF WATER
1. Surface water-almost dirty and contaminated except those running in streams
and spring in which there are no residents.
2. Underground Water-wells and springs.
3. Rain Water-government supply or Private Corporation.
UITABLE WATER SUPPLY MUST BE:

1. Physically- chemically, biologically in form.
2. Reasonably-soft forming, 'no corrosive.
Physically- turbidity color, taste and odor not clearly muddy.
Bacteriology-king of bacteria present constitute to health hazard.
HOW DISEASE IS ACQUIRED

Poor, undisciplined Hygiene and Sanitation acquire it.
-1. RESPIRATORY DISEASE- transmitted from man to man through oral

nasal discharges of an infected individual.
2. INTESTINAL DISEASE-it is transmitted by food and water that has
become contaminated with faeces and urine of an infected person.
CONTROLL MEASURE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE

1. Avoid close physical contact to positive identifies carrier diseases.
2. Proper ventilation of quarters.
3. Water purification and preparation of food.
4. Personal hygiene.
29

MILITARY JUSTICE
Military Justice is the system of enforcing discipline and administering criminal

law in military establishment. From this definition, we can proceed with our discussion to
some salient aspects of our military justice.
Under the broad concept, rules governing the conduct of military personnel and
providing the method by which persons who break them may be punished are contained in
the article war, the manual for court martial, the constitution of the Philippines, and
pertinent laws. These bring us to the topic military jurisdiction.
Each exercise is carried out by the following agencies:

1. Courts-marshal, general, special and summary
2. Commanding Officers in exercising their disciplinary powers under Article of War
105.
3. Courts of Inquiry
4. Military tribunals or commission.
ARREST AND CONFINEMENT OF OFFENDERS:
As general rule, courts-martial have exclusive jurisdiction over all persons subject to
military law who commit an offence penalized by the punitive articles of war. To be more
specific, the term "persons subject to military law" refers to the following:
1. All Officers and enlisted personnel in the Regulars Force of the AFP.
2. All_reservists from the date of their call to active duty and while on such active
duty
3. -All trainees undergoing military instructions.
4. All the cadets of the PMA and PAF Flying School, and Probationary Lieutenant
on actual training.
5. A retainer to camp and all persons accompanying or serving with the AFP in the
field of war or martial law is declared.
6. 6. All persons under sentenced adjusted by a court-martial or military tribunal.
It would be appropriate to state this jurisdiction the CAT and ROTC are not "persons
subject to military law" because they are not considered as "cadets" as defined by the
articles of war.
MILITARY JURISDICTION
Military jurisdiction over a person is terminated upon discharged or separation

from the service. However, jurisdiction of a court-martial as to offence is not
automatically terminated upon discharge or separation in the following instances.
1) Cases of fraud or embezzlement.

30

2) Where a discharged or separation is obtained through, the discharge or

separation maybe cancelled and the individual is arrested and return to
military control.
3) Where a soldier's discharge or separation does not interrupt his status as
a "person subject to military law.
1) Constitution of the Philippines.

2) International Law.
3) Specific provisions of the constitution relating to such jurisdiction being
found in the power granted by congress.
4) The authority vested upon the President as Commander-in-chief of all
Armed Forces.
AGENCIES:
The agencies through which military iurisdiction is exerted includes:
1) Court Martial-General, Special and Summary for the trial of offenders against
military law and case of general martial, who persons by the law of war are
subject to trial by military tribunals.
2) Commanding exercising disciplinary power under AW 105.
3) Court of inquiry for the examination of transactions or accusations or imputations
against officers or soldiers and for such purpose as indicated by the law
regulation.
4) Military tribunals for trial of offences within their respective jurisdiction.
The following classes of persons subject to military law shall be placed in arrest or
confident as follows:
1) Enlisted person-by officers only in person, through other persons subject to

military law. Or oral or written orders or communication.
2) Officers, probationary lieutenants and cadets-by commanding officers only a
person, through other officers, or oral written orders or communication.
Where any person subjected to military law is placed under arrest or confinement,
immediate steps are taken either it prefer charges against him with the view to bringing to
him to trial and carry the case to a final conclusion or dismiss the charges and
subsequently release him. They are as follows:
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1) Anybody weather subject to military law or not, may give information to military
;authorities concerned that an offence is supposedly committed by a person subject to
military law.
2) any person subjected to military law may prefer charges against offender although he Is
arrest or confinement. (In minor cases, however, the necessary inform on is brought to the
attention of the immediate Commanding Officer of the accused.)
Where no formal investigation is conducted, the charges are referred to an investigating

.officer. This officer conducts the investigation to determine whether prima facie cases
exist. The report of investigation is submitted to the Staff Judge Advocate (SJA) for his
study and/or advise.
'• If determined that there is no prima facie case exist to warrant trail by court-martial, the
case either dropped, or some other appropriate action is taken.
On the other hand, when the SJA determined that there is prima facie case, he
recommends to the Commanding Officer exercising court-martial jurisdiction to referral of
the case disposable by operation of article of war 105 shall be discussed under separate
sub-topic of this chapter.
The commanding officer appoints a court-martial to try this case. Once the trails is
terminated and result in the conviction of the accused, he immediate order release form the
confinement and restored to military duty
TYPES OF COURT-MARTIAL:
1. General Court Martial- is a court composed of any number of members not less than
five, (As amended by RA no 516.) the function of which decided of any person to
military law who committed of violation of the article of wars and adjusted the offence. It is
court of law justices, which decides cases after hearing the witness and
examination of evidence thereof. (TM 27-255 P.3)
2. Special Court Martial- It is May of any numbers of members not less than three.(As
amended by RA NO. 516.) All persons subject to military law accept an officer, a cadet,
a .lying cadet or probationary second lieutenant.
3. Summary Court Martial- SCM shall consist one of officer
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ROLE OF COURT MARTIAL AND OTHER TRIBUNALS:
Court-martial and military tribunals- generally exist to assist commanders in

administration of military justice. Specifically, they are established crimes and offence.
And, by the very nature of the conduct of trial, these court-martial and other military
tribunals hasten the administration of military justice. Let us look into jurisdiction as
person, offence, and punishment of the three-(3) types of court-martial so substantiate the
contention just cited.
For instance, General court-martial has jurisdiction over all commissioned officer
and other person subject to military law who commit an offence capital in nature and
whose possible sentence or punishment includes death, dismissal or dishonorable
discharge from the service, total forfeiture to pay and allmances, or confinement and
hard labor. In the Philippine navy, a general court-martial can imposed the following:
deprivation of liberty on shore, solitary confinement not exceeding to (30) days, and
solitary confinement on the diminished ration not exceeding (30) days. Thu, we can see
that since an officer are subject for trials to general court-martial, this thought alone
construes a more tedious legal process to serve the end of justice. This compounded by
rature of the offence and the punishment to be meted out.
A special court-martial. On one gas the exclusive jurisdiction to try all other person
subject to military law. Excepting officers for offence not capital in nature and whose
probable sentence include confinement not exceeding (6) months, forfeiture of 2/3 pay per
month, not to (3) mooths in reprimand, admonition, and demotion of rank. The
proceeding conducted is not tedious as those are for general court-martial.
An entirely different case would be the trial by summary court martial, where its
proceeding are much faster than the other type of court martial.
(1) Member who seats as president Trial Judge Advocate (TJA) and Defense Council
(DC) at the time, and since it is jurisdiction as to person. A summary court-martial can try
private first class and NCO below TSgt for offences not capital in nature.
Military commissions or tribunal plays the same role as court-martial. During the
martial law, which was effect in thought out the country from 1972 to 1981, these
tribunal tried cases referred to them in the same expeditious way. These bodies had help
in the faster dispensation justice, which would have taken years too disposed of under
normal condition.
33

PUNITIVE ARTICLE OF WAR
As gleaned from the historical records, The article of war were promulgated
effective September 14, 1948 when unicameral Philippine National Assembly enacted
Commonwealth Act.No.1 408 which the basic law that gave the guidance in the
operation of the country Armed Forces, then know as the Army of the Philippines. Then
s now, there are 120 article most of which were lifted from US Uniform Code of Military
Justice. It is for this reason that our article of war had the same substances as the
American Military Code of 1928 which was found applicable to Philippine condition.
Basically provision for punitive measures are found in the article war (AWs)
s implemented by the manual on court-martial. Authorizes personalities include death,

Confinement of hard labor. Dismissal from the service in the officer's dishonorable
.discharge in the case of enlisted personnel; reduction in rank; forfeiture of pay etc.
WHO MAY SERVE AS COURT MARTIAL?
All officers in the active duty in the armed forces of the Philippines shall be
competent to serve on court martial for the case that may lawfully be brought before
such court of trial.
BY WHO APPOINTED:
GENERAL COURT MARTIAL- The president of the Philippines, the chief of staff of
the armed forces of the Philippines. The commanding officer of a major command or task
force, the commanding officer of the division, the commanding officer of the military
academy, the commanding officer of the brigade or body of the troops may appoint
general court martial, the court shall be appointed to competent authority.
Of 120 articles of war, 52 are considered as the punitive because they specify that
punishment is to be imposed for each military offense committed. Articles of war 50 to 105,
inclusive are the punitive articles.
ENLISTMENT: MUSTER; RETURNS
Art 54- Ofraudulent Enlistment -any person who shall procure himself to be
enlisted in the Military service of the Philippines, by means of willful misinterpretation or
concealment to his qualifications for enlistment?
Art 55- Officer making unlawful Enlistment- any o0fficer who knowingly enlist or
muster in the military service.
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DESERTION: AWOL
Art 59- Desertion-any person subject to military law who desert the service of AFP. If
the offence were committed in time of war, suffer death as a court-martial may direct.
Art 60- Advising, persuading or assisting desertion.
.Art 62 Absence without Leave- any subject to military law who fails to report at fixed
.time.
DISRESPECT; INSUBORDINATION; MUTINITY
ART 64 Disrespect toward Superior officer-any person subject military person who
behaves himself with disrespect toward his superior officer.
Art 65 Assaulting or willfully disobeying superior officer- any person subject military law
who strikes his superior officer
,Art 66 Insubordinate conduct toward NCO- any soldier who strikes or assault attempts to
strikes willfully disobeys the lawful order of NCO while in the execution of his duty.
-Art 68 Failure to suppress mutiny or sedition- Any person or soldier who being present
•at any munity or sedition, knowing or having knowledge to believe that munity or
sedition is to take place.
Art 69 Disobedience of order to arrest or confident- threatening, drawing a weapon, or

violence to any officer, member of the army, army corps, or non-commissioned officer.
Art 70 Breach of arrest. Escape for confinement
Art 74 Releasing prisoner without proper authority- any person subject to military law,
who without proper authority, release any prisoner thought neglect suffers any prisoner to
escape.
WAR OFFENCES
Art 76 Misbehavior before the enemy- any officer or soldier, who misbehaves himself
before the enemy, runs away or shamefully abandon or by any misconduct, dis
obedience, neglect endanger the safety of any post/camp.
Art 77 Subordinates Compelling Commander to surrender- any person subject to
military law who compels or attempts to compel any commander of any garrison,
post/camp to give it up to the enemy.
Art 83 spies Any person who in times of war shall be found lurking or acting as a spy of
any camp, post, quarters or encampment of AFP.
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MISCELLANEOUS CRIM AND OFFENSES
Art 84 Military Property - Willful or negligent loss; damage wrongful disposition. Any
person subject to military law who willfully or thought neglect, suffers to be lost damage or
wrongfully disposed any military property,
Art 85 Waste or unlawful Disposition of Military Property issued to the soldier who sells of
wrongfully disposed of arm, ammunition, equipment, clothing or other property issued for
use of military service.
'Art 86 Drunk on Duty- Any officer who is found drunk on duty shall, if offence be
'committed in time of war, dismissed from the service, and if the offence be committed in
time of peace, he shall be punished as court martial may direct.
Art 87 Misbehavior of sentinel- any sentinel who is found drunk or sleeping in post, or
,who leaves it before he is regularly relieved shall suffer death penalty if the offence
committed in times of war.
Art 90 Good order to be maintained and wrong redressed- all person subject to military
law are to behave themselves orderly subject to military law who commits any waste
more spoiling or willfully destroy any property whatsoever.
Art 92 Dueling- any person subject to military law who fights promotes, and connives at
fighting duel, or, who having knowledge of a challenge, shall surrender such
punishment as court martial direct.
Art 93 Murder-rape- any person subject to militc.-y law who commits murder or rape
shall suffer death or life imprisonment as a court martial may direct. (As amended by RA
No. 242)
Art 94 Various Crimes- any person subject to military law who commits any felony,
crimes breach of law of variation or municipal ordinance which is recognized as an
offence of penal nature is punishable under the penal laws of the Philippines.
Art 95 Frauds against the government- any person subject to military law who steals,
embezzles, knowingly and willfully misappropriates, applies to his own benefits or
wrongfully or knowingly sells or disposed of any ordinance, arms, equipment,
ammunition, clothing, or other property of government.
Art 96 Conduct Unbecoming an officer and gentleman- any officer, cadet, flying cadet
or probationary Second lieutenant who convict conduct unbecoming an officer
and gentleman shall be dismissed from ,the service. (as amended by RA 242 and
516)
36

Art 97 General Article- thought not mentioned in this article, all disorder and neglects to
the prejudice of good order and military discipline and all conducts of a nature to bring
discredit upon the military service.
ARTICLE OF WAR 105
This particular article of war empowers the commanding offices of units to

punis) personnel under them of minor offences without the intervention of the trial court
martin!. This is the most expeditious way of disposing minor cases without necessarily
sacrificing end of justice in military discipline. Whether an offense is minor or serious, it
soften a matter of judgment on the part of commanding officers.
The fallowing are considered as serious military offenses:
1. Offenses involving moral turpitude.
2. Offences with specific or mandatory punishment based on punitive articles of war.
3. Crimes of offenses calling for imposition of death penalty.
4. Other offenses where the judgment or sentence of confinement in a penal institution is

called for.
Under Article of War 105, Commanding officers are not authorized to impose the
following penalties under their board disciplinary powers.
1. Admonition
2. Reprimand
3. Suspension of privileges for a period not exceeding one (1) week.
4. Extra fatigue not exceeding one (1) week.
5. Hard labor without confinement not exceeding one (1) week for private and private
first class.
5. Any combination of theb penalties just cited not exceeding one (1) WEEK.
37

HUMAN RIGHTS
it is believe many of our disgruntled countrymen generally engage in lawless activities
rid eventually join dissident groups when their right as human being violated. The cycle of
rebellion and violent expression of descent will never end if in the conflict
Ivironment, the government troop and low enforcers do not respect the right of the
eople.
ACHIEVING HUMAN RIGHTS —Following are the means that centuries the
ternational commonly adopt to promote the observance of human right in countries.
Setting an example
A country that advocates the observance of human rights believes that its
wn human rights record will serve as an example for other countries to follow.
Diplomatic initiatives
Diplomatic representatives from different countries where they meet often

address and discuss important human right concerns during private meeting.
53. Providing asylum to political refugees
Most countries have immigration laws that allow person who are fleeing th-air
homeland due to persecution in the account of their cultural religious and political benefits.
As a general rule, any foreign national who flees his country, will not be
granted asylum. He may however who request asylum on foreign territory or on a ship on
the high seas (international water) will riot be turned over said refugees to another country
without approval of the government exercising sovereignty over such territory or vessel.
Pressure of world opinion
When the means of the diplomacy and example fail to work, The
Government Officials of concerned countries, may withhold aid when the recipient
country that refuses to observe and implement human right and provision of the
international law.
5. Suspension of Foreign Assistance
Countries that provide humanitarian assistance of development and

'economics relief for less development countries, may withhold aid when the receipt
ountry that continuously violate human right and international law.
. Implementations of Economics Sanctions
38

Countries that are unsatisfied with the consistently appalling record human
lights violation of particular country may reduce or terminate economic relations with the
country.
Action of United Nation and other Regional Organization

All over the world may resort to concerted action to put political and
conomic pressure on countries that commit human right abuses. The United Nation
llow a formal process of acting on and investigating reported human rights violation in s
member country
Human Rights of the Accused- following are the rights of a suspect of the accused,
hich should be recognized during custodial investigation and conduct of tactical
nterrogation:
RIGHTS OF PERSON PRIOR TO INVESTIGATION- Now as the (MIRANDA

OCTRINE) as laid down as the U.S Supreme court, the accused has the right to be
arned prior to any questioning that:
ne has the right to remain silent and make self-incriminating statement.
Anything that he says can be used against him in a court of a law.

c. he has the right to presence any attorney, and that is he cannot afford an attorney, one
will be appointed for him to any questioning desire.
RIGHTS OF PERSON TO UNDER INVESTIGATION- The following are the rights of

e accused while undergoing investigation as embodied in Article of Right and
other section of the 1987 Philippine Constitution;
- A. Under Article III- bill of rights
. The right to remain silent is never to answer any question that can incriminate him.
. Right to counsel or a lawyer of his choice to present whom he can consult during the
nvestigation.
Right against torture or any form of mental or physical punishment ..
Right against secret detention.
B. Under section 11
. free access to court and to quasi-judicial bodies
. Adequate legal assistance shall not deny to the accused reason of poverty.
C. Under section 12
39

1. The right to be inform of his right, to remain silent and to have a competent and
independent counsel preferable of his choice. If he cannot afford, he must provide one.
This rigiit cannot be waived except in writing and the presence of a counsel.
2, No torture, force threat or any other means of intimidation maybe against accused.
3. Any confession of guilty obtained in violating of the above mentioned right of accused
shall be inadmissible evidence against him.
4. The law provides penal and legal sanction for violation these right as guaranteed by the
constitution as well as compression for the rehabilitation of victims of torture and similar
practices.
C. Under section 18
1. No person shall be detained by reason of his political beliefs and aspiration.
2. No voluntary servitude in any form shall exist except a punishment for a crime where in
the accused has been convicted in a duly constituted court.
E. Under sectionl9
1. Excessive fines shall not be impose, not cruel, or degrading or in human punishment
inflicted neither shall death penalty be impose, unless for compelling reasons involving
heinous ohm,
2. The employment of physical, psychological, or degrading punishment against any

prisoner of the use of substandard.
F. Under section 22
1. No "shall be put twice in jeopardy of punishment (to be accused more than once) for the
same offense.
2. If a person convicted or acquitted under either of the law or ordinance he was
accused of violating, he may not be prosecuted again for the same act.
3. Right of accused during trial - following are the rights that an accused person is in
titled during the course of trial listed in Rules of Court.
1. to be informed of the nature and cause off the accusation against him.
2 To presumed innocent until the contrary (his guilt) is proved beyond doubt during
trials.
40

3. To be present and defend in person and by a counsel at every stage of the

proceeding from the arraignment to promulgation of the judgment. Also when he
escapes from custody, he shall also be deemed to have waived his rights to be present in
all subsequent trial dates until custody is regained.
4. Upon motion, the accused may be followed to defend himself in person when it
sufficient appears to the court that he can properly protect his right without the
assistance of counsel.
5. To confront and cross-examine the witness against him during the trial.
6. To have appropriate court orders be issued to compel the attendance of witnesses and
ensure the production of important evidences his behalf.
7. To have speedy, Impartial and public trial.
COMMISION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
The presidential commission on Human Rights was established during the

administration of President Cory Aquino and it was after the approval of 1987
Constitution that the body was renamed the Commission in Human Rights.
1. Function. The following are commission on human rights.
a. Contrary to some misconceptions the Commission on Human Rights was established

during the administration of President Cory Aquino and it was after the approval of the
1987 constitution that the body was renamed the commission on human rights.
FUNCTIONS- The following are the Commission on Human Rights:
a. Contrary to some misconceptions that the commission in Human Rights is an anti-

military and pro-insurgent organization, the commission of truth is an independent,
disinterested body, which is mandated to investigate on its own or upon complaint all
form of human rights.
b. The commission on Human Rights functions as a homogenous organization
composed of civic-oriented groups who advocates and monitors the protection of
Human Rights in the country.
c. The CHR basically serves as an independent fact-finding body and does not have the
power to prosecute. After an investigation, the CHR may only recommended on courts or
to the concerned agencies the filling of the appropriate charges against the
suspected respondents.
41
Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing .the land

Jurisdiction- The following are the nature of human rights to investigate for purpose of
prosecution:
a, Rights of detainees or prisoners against physical, psychological and degrading

punishment resulting to the commission of crimes against persons.
b. Rights to a fair and public trial as recognize under the Philippines constitution
applicable laws and other statutes.
c. Constitutional guarantees provided against the use of torture, force, violence, threat,
intimidation of any person and force him to do anything or sign any documents against his
will.
d. Rights to life without due process of law, where its commission is tantamount to
summary execution.
e. Rights to select ones place of adobe and of changing ones residence within the limits
provided by law, except upon law flame order from the court. This violation includes the
facts of population control such as 'HAMLETING' force eviction and illegal demolition.
f. Rights of a person to secure their houses, papers and belongings against

unreasonable and arbitrary searches and seizures.
h. Rights of a person to peaceably assemble and petition the government for redress of
grievances.
i. Right of the people to freely exercise and enjoy their religious and worship, without
discrimination. This includes such offences as desecration of places and other arts that
are notoriously offences to the feelings the faithful.
HUMAN RIGHTS SAFEGUARDS-the following are practical suggestion that will

promote the observance of human rights by AFP personnel during military operation.
1. While in combat. Here are some guides that you may follow as a commander of a
unit ir the operational area but not directly engage in combat.
a. Internalizing the Values of Human Rights. Develop a strong and effective

military values education among your men. Discuss with them your own benefits,
attitudes and values regarding observance of human rights in order that they will know
exactly where you stand,
b. Conduct of Legal Arrest and Searches. As a general rule, law enforcers many
only conduct arrest and search only after they have legally secured arrest and search
warrant from a judge.
42

1. When in a presence of arresting officer, when in a presence of officer, the son to be

arrested has committed, is actually committing, or is attempting to commit it.
2. When the offence has in fact been committed and the arresting person has a
reasonable ground to believe that the person to be arrested has in fact committed it.
3. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escape from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while
his case is pending, or when he escape while being transferred from one place to
confinement to another.
c. Non-employment of Children as combatants. A person who is below 18 years old

take; part in any armed conflict.
d. Good relationship with media and Human. Rights Group. Communicate and
establish good relationship with the media, human rights groups and members of non-
government organization (NGO'S) advocating the protection human rights.
e. Non Identification with Dubious Personalities. Avoid being identified with

influential and controversial in your area of operation.
f. Absolutely no Drinking. Never allow your men to drink any alcoholic beverages
while in the operational areas.
2. during Combat Operation. Here are some recommended pointers that one follow
when engaged in actual combat for the protection of human rights.
A. Always established the proper authority in initiating combat operations. Ensure that all
combat operation are covered by appropriate Operation Order that set the
responsibility to commander of all participating unit at all levels of command.
B. As commander, find time to speak to your men before sending them out. They should
observe human rights and that you will never tolerate any violations.
C. AE a commander, do not treat civilians in the operational populace as insurgents or

suspects.
D. D o not burden to the civilian populace, always bringing your own unit's provision
whenever you go to the field
E. Do not use civilian form villages as guides.
F. Do not prohibit, interrupt or disband peaceful meeting in the community.
G. Do not block the entry of food, health and other support services to civilian
communities as a way of defeating the insurgents.
H. Do not disrupt or dislocate the source of livelihood of the members of the community.
43

3. During Combat Engagement- following are important are important measures,

which you could take as a leader of a unit engage.
a. Know exactly what your military objectives are and know to distinguish them from
purely civilian object and residential areas.
b. Whenever possible, double check and re- verify the target you are about to attack.
c. Take control of your emotion and maintain your sense of reason even in the heat of
battle.
d, When you believe that your senior commander has given you a vague order, such as
you already know what to do directly confront him in the presence of some witness and
ask exactly what he mean.
e., Do not use exercise force much more than necessary to achieve your military
objective.
f. Ensure that you men do not kill enemy combatants who have surrender, those who
mare wounded and no longer fight.
4. After Combat Engagement Consider following these pointers immediately after the
combat engagement in order that you and your men will not be vulnerable to complaints
that may filed against you by insurgent sympathizers;
a. Immediately render a initial after encounter report to your higher headquarters. At

least try to give your senior commander a partial report in a continuing operation or
when complete results are yet available.
b. When possible try documents the after math operation in pictures and video footage.
c. Immediately bring the result of the operation to the attention of the Barangay Officials
and the civilian leaders in were the encounter happened.
d. Try to get some formal statement in prints or video of Barangay officials and other
disintegrated person regarding the legitimacy of the encounter.
e. Secure all the available pieces of evidence that may have gathered after the
encounter.
1. Report to the local officials and the police authorities the circumstances of the death or
wounding of the enemies.
g. Bring the bodies of the dead enemies to the police or nearest local officials. Demand a
receipt for acknowledgement in writing that your unit has turned over to them the said
remains.
h. Give immediate medical attention to the wounded.
44

i. Whenever possible, conduct massive civil-military and psychological operation at the

area where the encounter happened to neutralize whatever influence the enemy have over
populace.
j. Immediately upon restoration of peace in the area and as soon as the tactical situation
evacuees to returned to their home and place live hood.
45

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY

LCONCEPT OF NATIONAL SECURITY
There are two schools of thought as regard the meaning of national security.
The national security fundamentally involves the maintenance and protection of

nation's sovereignty, the crucial attribute of which is the right for self-determination-
freedom of the nation to pursue its political. Economic and social goals.(CLU policy
studies No. 2- "A question of national security" Karrel Inc ,QC (1983),p.2,)
Based on the definition, the security of the nation would largely depend on the
following elements, which contributes the concern of the national security.
a. Territorial integrity- the territory of the country is intact and under the effective
control of the government.
c. Ecological balance-the environment is able to support sustainable development

strategies for the befit of the nation and the people who depend on it for their existence.
c. Socio- political stability- there is peace and harmony among the divergent groups of
people as a whole.
d. Economic solidarity- the economy is strong, capable of supporting national

endeavors, and derives it strength from the people who have an organic stake in it
though participation or ownership.
e. Cultural cohesiveness- the people share the values and benefit handed down by
their forebears and possess a strong sense of attachment to the national security
despite their religion, ethics and linguistic differences.
f. Moral-spiritual consensus- there is moral and spiritual consensus among the people on
their wisdom and righteousness of the national vision, and they are inspired by their
patriotism and national pride to participate vigorously in the pursuit of the country's goal
and objectives.
g. External peace-The country and the people enjoys cordial relation with their
neighbor and they free form any control, interference or threat of aggression from any of
them.
46

Two Aspects of National Security
1. INTERNAL ASPECT-National security relates to the defense of the nation's

government against hostile local elements seeking its replacement with their own
government. In these sense, national security refers to measure aims at countering
domestic or internal challenges to existing political and social-economic order.
2. EXTERNAL ASPECT-National security is concern with safeguarding the state

against outside or foreign forces, pressures or influence design to conquer it or control of
some foreign state or states. In this sense, national security embraces the defense
arrangement directed at insuring the safety of the state against foreign intervention or
domination.
***Both the internal and external aspects of national security should be apart of a
system of safeguards designed to protect the national interest.
II. THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
Threats to national security maybe define as any expression of institution to inflict

evil, injury or damage to the national security.
Threats to national security have always been the concern of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines (AFP) who is task with the defense of the state from the enemies,
internaliy and externally. To cope with these threats, the AFP has place its trust toward
the modernization of its armaments and other weaponry and dealt with the problem by
providing not only military solution.
TWO TYPES OF THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
1. INTERNAL THREATS
The internal threats to national security came from the polarized groups in the Philippine
society. The most prominent among them, and the longest lasting, is the communist
threat, started by the "Partido komunista ng Pilipinas" (KPK) in the 1950s and follow by k
the CCP in the part of the 1960s. However, advent of the 80s brought with it the rise of
ultra-rightist group, particularly in the military, where different ultra-rightist exist.
2. LOCAL COMMUNIST MOVEMENT (LCM)

The local communist movement remain the main threat to our national security
because it has the intension to seize political power through the violent overthrow of the
government and the capability to pursue it to a certain degree.
47

Historically, the rift within the CPP/NPA has its roots during the early 1980s when
the handful of party members started criticizing the MI_MZD ideology advocated by
Sison. The 2nd rectification or back to the basic program of Sison which force the DTs to
the country side to man the SYP units caused disillusionment and demoralization among
remaining cadres, some of whom are contemplating to desert or surrender
A. Reformist Group
Sison Group
Party: communist party of the Philippines
Leader: Jose Ma Sison
Ideology: Matxist-Lenilist-Mao-tse-tuna
ORGANIZATION
The party utilizes three main weapons in its revolutionary
Struggle, namely: the party (CPP), the army (NPA) and the United front (NDF)
1. THE CCP- The Communist Party of the Philippines is the brain of the people's
revolution. It provides the political leadership to the movement and determines the
general line and direct of the revolution. It controls the activities of the army and the
united front.
2. THE NPA-the New People's Army; is the military arm of the party tasked with the
advancement of the protracted people's.
3. THE NDF-National Democratic Front is the shield of the revolution. It provides an

umbrella organization for the CPPA/NPA and other militant and organization including
CPP infiltrated groups.
4. The party also maintains an international department, which takes of generating

support from other countries or from other communist movement from abroad.
B. Rejectionist Group
This faction disagree with CPP/NPA/NDF'S strict adherence to the Maoist concept of
proti-acted peoples war is instead advocating the Nicaraguan model of insurrectionary
strategy and tactics aimed at creating a revolutionary situation by staging crippling strike
and urban tourism.
48

1 PMP (partido ng manggagawang Pilipino)
Lagrnan group
Leader: Felimon LAGMAN-Chairman
2. SOUTHERN PHILIPPINE SECESSIONIST GROUPS (SPSGs)
The treat from the southern Philippine (Mindanao) dates back to the Spanish area.
Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
Former Leader: khadaffy JANJALANI

Objectives: creation of independent Islamic state in Mindanao.
c.Missuari Breakaway Group
3. CONCENTRATION
-Sulu. Basilan, Tawi-tawi and Zamboanga
4. SYNDECATED CRIME GROUPS
Another threats to national security is the existence of syndicated crime groups locally
and internationally which continue to so terror, panic and wreak havoc to the Philippine
5. ORGANIZATION, INDIVIDUALS AND OTHER GROUP INVOLVED IN ECONOMIC

SOBCTAGE.
B. EXTERNAL THREATS
Benefits concerns that claimant can get:

1. Major shipping and oil tanker route connecting the pacific and Indian oceans.
2. Philippine trade through these waters.
3. The area is below the Phil's air travel lanes with Singapore, Borneo and Indonesia.
4. A round 2million metric tons of sea harvests exposed to possible oil spills in the area
5. The area's proven oil and gas potential.
6. The area straddles the migration path of commercially viable fish like yellow-fin tuna.
Additional Chinese Acts:
49

The sprattys are important to china due to.
1. Its hydrocarbon recourses abound in the area.
2. It provides an excellent source of marine protein since it is a fisherman's paradise.
Chinas act:
1. It occupied mischief reef in 1995.
2. It prefers bilateral rather than multilateral resolution of the conflict.
3. It wants maintenance of the status-quo that favors itself.
4. It has so far refused to support the Indonesian initiative to transform the South China
Sea workshop series into formal government dialogue.
50

COMBAT TRAINING OF INDIVIDUAL SOLDIER
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS
a. COMOUFLAGE- The military art of deception utilizing both natural and
manmade devices and material.
b. COVER- the protection from the fire hostile weapons such as bullets
fragments of exploding rounds ,flame, nuclear effects, and biological and
effect of biological and chemical.
c. CONCEALMENT- the protection from hostile observation. Anything that
hides you from observation, conceaiment does not protect you from fire
enemy. It can be natural or manmade.
2. IMPORTANCE OF COMOUFLAGE
Camouflage is one of basic weapons of war it can spell the difference
between a successful campaign and defeat; to the individual it can mean the
difference between life and death.
3. CAMOUFLAGE CONSIDERATIONS
a. Movement- draws attention. When you give arm and hand signals or walk
about your position, your movement can be seen by naked eye at long
range.
b. Position- must not be where the enemy expects to find them.
c. Outlines and Shadows- may reveal your position or equipment to air or
ground observers.
d. Shine- may also attract the enemy's attention. In the dark, it may be a
light such a burning cigarette or flashlight.
e. Shape- is the outline or form. The shape of the helmet is easily
recognized.
f. Color- uniform and equipment may help the enemy detect you if the
colors contrast with snow-covered terrain.
g. Dispersion- is the spreading of men, vehicles and equipment over a wide
area.
h. Spread out- The distance between you and your fellow soldier will vary
with the terrain, degree of visibility, and enemy situation.
4. PRINCIPLES OF CONCEALMENT
a. Sifting- Sitting nothing more than selecting the most advantageous
position in which to hide a man or an object.
51

b. Camouflage Discipline- A second basic condition for success in any

camouflage effort is the strict maintenance of camouflage discipline, by
both the unit as a whole and by each individual soldier.
c. Camouflage Construction- a third principle for effective camouflage is
added.
5. HOW TO CAMOUFLAGE
a. Fighting Positions- when building a fighting position. Camouflage it and
the dirt taken from it.
b. Helmets- the outline of the helmet is one of the striking characteristics of
military equipment.
c. Uniforms- most uniforms come already camouflage.
d. Skin- exposed skin reflects and may draw the enemy's attention.
e. Weapons- wrapping a weapon with garnishing and darkening the weapon
to reject reflection are good methods to conceal their appearance.
f. Shiny Objects- reflections of light on shiny surfaces can instantly attract
attention and be seen from far distances.
6. PREPARATION FOR MOVEMENT
a. Prevents equipment for making noise.

b. Wear, comfortable, well fitted clothes, tied up at the ankle, and with additional
bands for camouflage if desired.
c. Carry only what equipment is necessary for the mission you are assigned.
7. DAY INDIVIDUAL MOVEMENT TECHNIQUES
a. Move in reasonable supporting distance.

b. Follow the furrows when moving on a plowed field
c. Avoid outstanding landmarks
d. Always move by bounds
e. Keep off the skyline.
f. Avoid open areas
g. Always select your nest spot before leaving your present position
h. Avoid obstacles if possible
i. If you are moving through tall grass, change direction slightly from time to
time
j. Avoid danger areas like native villages, known as suspected enemy
locations and where folks frequently visit
52

8. METHODS OF MOVEMENT
a. Make your move from the prone position us follow:

1. Slowly raise your head and pick next position and the route to it.
2. Pull your right leg forward
3. Raise your body by straitening your arms
4. Get up Quickly
b. When you are ready to stop moving, do the following:
1. Plant both your feet
2. Drop to your knees
3. Fall forward, breaking the fall with the butt of the of the rifle
4. Go to the prone position
c. To move with stealth, use the following techniques:
1. Hold your rifle at port arms
2. Make your footing sure and solid by keeping your body's on the foot on
the ground while stepping
3. Raise the moving leg high to clear brush or grass
4. Lower the heel of the moving foot after the toe is in solid place.
d. Night movement techniques:

1. Move in a reasonable supporting distance
2. Be watchful on enemies trip wires and flares
3. Avoid Obstacles
4. Move by bounds
5. When you stop, always listen, and observe the terrain around you.
6. When picking a route to move to your next location move around thick
undergrowth, dense woods, and steep terrain if possible.
53

SIGNAL COMMUNICATION
1. DEFINITION OF TERMS:
a. Signal communication- is a method of conveying information form one
person or place to another except direct communication.
b. Means of Communication- a medium by which a message is conveyed
from one place to another.
c. Telecommunication- Wire, radio, television, morose code and
electromagnetic system
d. Visual Communication- light, panels, hand to hand signal, pyrotechnic
e. Sound Communication- whistle, serene, bells, voice amplifier, bugle,
and warning shots.
2. ADVANTAGES OF TACTICAL RADIO SETS:

a. Speed of Installation- It is easy to establish than wire or other means of
communication.
b. Flexible- It is no fixed circuit are required to be constructed.
3. DISADVANTAGES OF TACTICAL RADIO SETS

a. Lack of Security
b. Subject for Interference
4. TYPE OF TACTICAL RADIO SETS

a. Portable Sets
b. Transportable Sets
c. Vehicular Sets
5. GUIDELINES FOR RADIO TRANSMISSION
a. Always write your radio message before transmitting
b. Always listen before starting to talk so as not interrupt other conversation
c. Speak distinctly and enunciate each word in normal tone to allow the
receiving operator time for copying.
d. Release the push to talk button immediately after the completion of your
transmission
6. FUNDAMENTAL OF TACTICAL RADIO COMMUNICATION
a. Radio net- A group of several stations working together in the same
frequency
b. Call sign- A communication of pronounceable words that identifies the
facility or station.
c. Individual Call Sign- this call sign identifies a single call to any station
within the net.
54
YIA
d. Collective Call Sign- this call sign identifies two or more stations in a
particular radio net but not all sign stations in the net.
e. Net call sign- this call sign identifies all radio station operating in a
particular radio net.
f. Call- a method of establishing communication
g. Pro Words- are pronounceable words which have assigned meaning to
facilitate transmission by radio communication.
EXAMPLES:
1.Over- my transmission is ended and I expect a response from you

2. Roger- I received you last message satisfactory
3. Out- my transmission is ended and I expect no response from you.
4.Wilco- I will comply to your instruction
5. Query- how do you receive my transmission.
6. Lima Charlie- I receive your message loud and clear
7. Say again- I didn't understand your transmission, request repeat our
last transmission.
8. Radio Silence- cease transmissions immediately, however, keep on
listening on the same frequency.
9. Break-Break- stop your conversation and allow me to this net to
transmit for an urgent message.
7. PHONETIC ALPHABET
A- Alpha J- Juliet
B. Bravo K- kilo S- sierra
C- Charlie L- Lima T- Tango
D. Delta M- Mama U- Uniform
E-.Echo N- Namey V- Victor
F. Foxtrot 0- Oscar W- Whisky
G- Golf P- Papa X- X-ray
H- Hotel Q- Quebec Y- Yankee
I- India R- Romeo Z- Zebra
8. NUMERICAL PRONOUNCIATION
1- VVun 5- Fi-yiv 8- Ate
2- Ta-o 6- Six 9- Niner
3- Thu-ree 7- Seven 0- Zero
4- Fower
55

BASIC SURVIVAL
1. DEFINITION OF TERM
Survival- is the art of living into a new state of things but adapted to an
environment as a result of natural selection.
2. THE FOLLOWING ARE SITUATIONS THAT CAUSES SURVIVAL:

a. Air crashes
b. Crash landing
c. Ship wreck
d. Lost patrol
e. Unit cut-off main body
3. PHYCHOLOGY CONDITIONS TO OVERCOME IN ORDER TO SURVIVE

a. Fear of the unknown- your fear of the unknown will be eliminated by proper
training and briefing. Perhaps you will learn something of the geography,
topography and the climate of the area, which will you, operate.
b. Fear of discomfort- fear of discomfort will be eliminated when you how to get
water, foods and proper ways to travel thru the terrain.
c. Fear of people- fear of certain races of people within the territory can be
relieved by previous knowledge and some common sense.
d. Fear of Weakness- considerable outdoor experience in environment similar
to that which you find yourself.
4. DECIDING FACTORS FOR SURVIVAL

a. Determination to live- You can remain alive-anywhere in the world when you
keep your wits: you may suffer all the hardship and Obstacle.
b. Ability to make nature work for you- Remember that nature and elements
are actually interested on your welfare.
5. KEY WORDS IN S-U-R-V-I-V-A-L

a. Size up the situation by considering:
1. Yourself- hope for the best but prepare for the worst.
2. The Area- part of your fear may come from being in strange
country.
3. The Enemy- put yourself in the enemies' shoes.
b. Undue haste and make waste
1. Don't be too eager to move.
2. Don't lose your temper
3. Face the fact, danger does exist
56

c. Remember where you are.

You give yourself away because you are top acting in a certain
way.
6. SURVIVAL RULES ON EDIBILITY

1. Generally
1. Anything that swims, flies, creeps, and crawls are edible
2. All four-legged animals are edible
3. Anything that birds and monkeys eat are credible
4. All eggs are edible
5. All larvae are edible
6. Almost of the sea leaves are edible
7. All reptiles are edible
8. All crustaceans and mollusc are edible
9. Most fish you can catch in an open sea and sight of land are good to
eat
10. Eel are good to eat than sea snakes
2. Water- will be primary requirement.
a. Purification- purify all water before drinking.
3. Plants- never eat large quantities of strange food without first tasting it.
Prepare a cooked sample then take a mouthful chew and hold it in your
mouth for five minutes. If it still tastes good, go ahead and eat it. If the taste is
disagreeable, don't eat it. A burning of bitter taste is a warning or danger.
a. Plants eaten by birds and animals are safe.
b. Don't eat unknown plants with milky juice_or let silk contact your body
skin
c Don't eat unknown plants that have a disagreeable odor.
d. Non- poisonous mushroom are edible. Poisonous mushroom are very
dangers.
e. Don't eat unknown plants that taste disagreeable, bitterness is a guide
for danger.
f. Most roots are edible, but must be boiled thoroughly.
7. COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS

1. Avocado- fresh leaves use for diarrhea. Boil for thirty minutes. Take a glass
three times a day.
2. Ampalaya- leaves, antiseptic for wounds. Cure for malaria. Boiled seeds or stem
for stomach trouble reduce constipation.
3. Atis- leaves, bark, unripe fruits, good for diarrhea. Boil or ground fruit. For sprain,
wrap leaves.
4. Balingbing- for gonorrhoea. Rub and squeeze in opening of penis. Rub around
pennies.
57

5. Banana- leaves and barks. Boil for kidney trouble. Increase urine flow. Four to
five glasses daily.
6. Garlic- bulb is a cure for high blood, inflammation of peptic ulcer. Use as juice.
7. Guava- leaves for diarrhea and antiseptic for wounds.
8. Cacao- boil the roots for kidney trouble.
9. Chico- bark cure for diarrhea .
10.Duhat- bark when boiled is good for cure of diabetes and haemorrhage.
11.Gumamela- flower for boils.
12. Squash- seeds when boils is good eradicating parasites.
13.Calamansi- for flu.
14.Camias- for gonorrhoea.
15.Coffee- stimulants for nerves and heart.
16.Kawayan- roots and leaves, shoots for curing kidney.
17.Kaimito- bark or fruit for diarrhea.
18. Radish- help cure peptic ulcer.
8. HUNTING GROUNDS FOR SURVIVAL

1. Along sea coast between high and low water marks
2. Areas between beaches and corals reef's
3. Marshes and mud flats
4. Best time is on early morning or dust.
5. In travel keep alert for animal size as tracks, trampled underbrush or
droppings.
6. On narrow trails, watch for games crossing.
7. In hallow trees.
58

First Aid
1. OBJECTIVES
a. To acquaint the students on the different medical terms that is strange to
them.
b. To understand the importance of the subject, the basic lifesaving steps.
c. To be able to apply first aid to the different cases encountered.
2. DEFINITION OF TERMS
a. First Aid- a temporary care given to an injured or ill person before a
definitive can be given by a medically trained person.
b. Self-Aid- A care given to oneself.
c. First Alder- a person who does gave first aid.
d. Wound - a break in the continuity of the skin, mucous membrane and
tissue.
e. Fracture - a break in the continuity of the bone..
f. Shock- a state or condition wherein there is not enough or adequate
blood supplies to the vital tissue and organs.
g. Splint- any flat like materials ready-made or improvise use to hold
fracture.
h. Dressing- is a sterile pad, a compressed sponge or any other
materials that is clean and directly applied to cover the wound.
i. Haemorrhage - an escape of large quantities of blood from the blood
vessels.
j. Artificial Respiration- is a procedure for causing the air_to flow into
and out of the lungs of a person when is normal or natural breathing is
inadequate or has ceases.
3. IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID

1. Save life.
2. Prevent permanent disability.
3. Reduces prolong hospitalization.
4. GENERAL PROCEDURE IN CASE OF INJURY:

1. Do not get excited.
2. Examine the patient where he lay with head level.
3. Examine the patient for: haemorrhage, stop bleeding and impairment.
4. Treat for shock.
59

5. Give the patient comfort.

6. Assure the patient that his ccndition can be taken care of.
7. Handle the patient gently.
8. Never give anything by mouth to unconscious person.
60

KING'S COLLEGE OF THE HILIPPINES
IKNG'S COLLEGE N ATI ON , LI HT TH E WORLD.
PICO ROAD, LA TRINIDAD, BENGUET 2601 I EMAIL: KINGSCOLLEGE@IKCP.EDU.PH I TEL! FAX NO.: 620-3208, TEL NO.: 422-3576
NSTP-Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC 1)

1ST SEMESTER AT20 242021
iii3OITARYSCIE4r
o' " 44
SCHEDULE OF EXAMINATIONS:
Preliminary Examination: September 22-26, 2020
Midterm Examination: November 3-7, 2020
Final Examination: December 15-19, 2020
ROTC FB ACCOUNT: Kcp Rotcu
ROTC GC: NSTP ROTC 1

NSTP ROTC 2
ROTC EMAIL ADDRESS: kcp.rotcu@gmail.com

KINGS COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Pico Road, La Trinidad, Benguet
Name: SC ID: Score:

Course/Year: Date:
General Instructions:
1. Read carefully and analyze each question before you answer.
2. Erasures are considered wrong. Keep your paper clean.
3. De1.2ch the activity sheets from your notes. Your notes will serve as your review material.
ACTIVITY 1
I. IDENTIFICATION: Write your answer on the space provided before the number. Avoid erasures (10
pts).
1. This is called king of bacteria present constitute to health hazard.
2. Turbidity color, taste and odor not clearly muddy.
3. The prime necessity and one of our basic needs for existence of life-no man can
last more than 4-5 days without drinking water- it is utilized as bathing, cooing, washing etc.
4. The prevent ion of disease by culminating or controlling factors which may form
links in disease transmission.
5. The science of using measures that prevent disease and to promote individual
health.
6. This is to react maturely facing the reality.
7. The condition one's body and wear out those unnecessary fats and calories.
8. The state of individual who enjoys physical, mental and social well-being.
9. It deals with those measures taken by individual to preserve his own health.
10. It is necessary for a leader to learn the basic rules.
II. ESSAY : Is it important to have a personal hygiene? Why ? Why not?

ACTIVITY 2
A. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if otherwise. Then
underline the word/s or phrase/s that makes the statement incorrect. (Write your answer on the space provided
before each number)
1. Our article of war had the same substances as the American military code of 1928.
2. Under Article of War 105, commanding officers are authorized to impose suspension or
privileges for a period not exceeding one (1) week.
3. Under Article of War 105, crimes of offenses calling for imposition of death penalty is
considered as serious military offenses.
4. Any person subjected to military law may prefer charges against offender, although he is arrest or
confinement.
5. Summary court martial shall consist five of officer
B. IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is asked and write your answers on the space provided.
1. It is the system of enforcing discipline and administering criminal law in military

establishment?
2. Any person subject to military law who desert the service of AFP.
3. Is a court composed of any number of members not less than five, as amended by RA
no. 513?
4. Any subject to military law who fails to report at fixed time.
5. This article of war empowers the commanding officers of units to punish personnel
under them of minor offenses without the intervention of the trial court martial.
ACTIVITY 3
A. TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect.
1. Threats to the national security have always been the concern of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines who is tasked with the defense of the state from the enemies, internally and externally.
2. The external Aspect remains the main threat to our national security because it has the intension to
seize political power through the violent overthrow of the government and the capability to pursue it to a certain
degree.
3. The CPP (Communist Party of the Philippines) is the brain of the people's revolution. It provides the
political leadership to the movement and determines the general line and direct to the revolution.
_ 4. The NDF (National Democratic Front) is the military arm of the party tasked with the advancement of the
protracted peoples.
5. The Local Communist Movement remain the main threat to our national security because it has the
intension to seize political power through the violent overthrow of the government and the capability to pursue it
to a certain degree
6. The Internal Threats to national security came from the polarized groups in the Philippines society.
7. Major shipping and oil tanker route connecting the pacific and Indian oceans is a benefit concern that a
claimant can get.
8. The national security fundamentally does not involve the maintenance and protection of nation's
sovereignty, the crucial attribute of which is the right for self-determination-freedom of the nation to pursue its
political.
9. The Rejectionist Group disagrees with the CPP/NPA/NDF's strict adherence to the Maoist concept of
protracted peoples war is instead advocating the Nicaraguan model of insurrectionary strategy and tactics
aimed at creating a revolutionary situation by staging crippling strike and urban tourism.
10. SPSGs stands for Southern Philippine Secessionist Groups
a
ACTIVITY 4
A. TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, write FALSE if the statement is incorrect and
underl.ne the word that make the statement incorrect.
1. Cover is the protection from fire hostile weapons such as bullets fragments of exploding rounds,
flamc., nuclear effects, and biological and effect of biological and chemical.
2. Camouflage Discipline is a third principle for effective camouflage is added.
3. A helmet with garnishing and darkening the weapon to reject reflection are good methods to
conceal their appearance.
4. Helmet is a reflection of light on shiny surfaces can instantly attract attention and be seen from far
distance.
5. Shiny objects are a reflection of light on shiny surface can instantly attract attention and cannot be
seen from far distances.
B. IDENTIFICATION: Write your answer on the space provide before the number. Avoid erasures
1. This may reveal your position or equipment to air or ground observers.
2. It is the outline or form.
3. The uniform and the equipment may help the enemy detect you if the colors contrast
with snow-covered terrain.
4. The distance between you and your fellow soldier will vary with the terrain, degree of
visibili-:y_
5. This is the third principle for effective camouflage is added.
C. ESSAY:
Why is camouflage important ? Explain in your own words

ACTIVITY 5
A. IDENTIFICATION: Write your answer on the space provided on the right corner of the table.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1.A group of several working together in the same frequency.
2.1t is easy to establish than wire or other means of

communication.
3.This call sign identifies a single call to any station within the
net.
4.1s a method of conveying information from one person to

another except direct communication.
5, Includes whistle, serene, bells, voice amplifier, bugle, and

warming shots.
6.Stop your conversation and allow me to this net to transmit for an

urgent message.
7A method of establishing communication
8.1dentifies two or more stations in a particular radio net but not

all sign stations in the net.
9.Cease transmissions immediately, however, keep on listening

cn the same frequency.
tilAre pronounceable words which have assigned meaning to

facilitate transmission by radio communication.
B. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. Write TRUE if the statement is correct, and write FALSE If otherwise. Then
underline the word/s or phrase/s that makes it wrong. Write your answer on the space provided before each
number.
1. Roger means I receive you first message satisfactory.
2. Always write your radio message after transmitting.
3. Radio net is a group of several stations working together in the same frequency.
4. Z in the phonetic alphabet stands for zulu.
5. Call is a method of establishing communication.

KINGS COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Pico Road, La Trinidad, Benguet
Midterm Examination NSTP 1 — ROTC

First Semester, SY 2020-2021 N.7`
Name: SC ID: Score:

Course/Year: Date:
z.--
1: Essay: Read and answer the questions. Write your answers on a yellow paper. Use the space provided for your answer
(minimum of 7 sentences)
1 What is the importance of Camouflage? Explain

2 What is the importance of Personal Hygiene? Explain
3 Differentiate General Court Martial from Special Court Martial.
4 Compare and contrast the two aspect of national security.
5 What is the importance of Signal Communication? Explain
Noted by:
LUTAR W. NGAYODAN, PhD. Crim GARR PhD C.J.

Program Chair , BSISM Program f.r, -FS Criminology

King'S College Ikng'S College: Hilippines

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KING'S COLLEGE OF THE HILIPPINES

IKNG'S COLLEGE N ATI ON , LI HT TH E WORLD.

NSTP-Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC 1)

ROTC FB ACCOUNT: Kcp Rotcu

ROTC GC: NSTP ROTC 1

ROTC EMAIL ADDRESS: kcp.rotcu@gmail.com

KCP ROTC UNIT

Lovely Joy T Sapling - Mobile No. 09306178469

We educate as one, we pray as one, we heal as one.

Department of Military Science and Tactics

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

HYGIENE AND SANITATION

Hygiene and sanitation is an individual concern of every member of the AFP. It is

a. IMPORTNCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

MPURITIES WATER CAN BE TREATED BY:

UITABLE WATER SUPPLY MUST BE:

Physically- turbidity color, taste and odor not clearly muddy.

Bacteriology-king of bacteria present constitute to health hazard.

HOW DISEASE IS ACQUIRED

-1. RESPIRATORY DISEASE- transmitted from man to man through oral

CONTROLL MEASURE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF DISEASE

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

Military Justice is the system of enforcing discipline and administering criminal

Each exercise is carried out by the following agencies:

ARREST AND CONFINEMENT OF OFFENDERS:

Military jurisdiction over a person is terminated upon discharged or separation

1) Cases of fraud or embezzlement.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

2) Where a discharged or separation is obtained through, the discharge or

1) Constitution of the Philippines.

The agencies through which military iurisdiction is exerted includes:

1) Enlisted person-by officers only in person, through other persons subject to

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

Where no formal investigation is conducted, the charges are referred to an investigating

3. Summary Court Martial- SCM shall consist one of officer

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

ROLE OF COURT MARTIAL AND OTHER TRIBUNALS:

Court-martial and military tribunals- generally exist to assist commanders in

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

PUNITIVE ARTICLE OF WAR

s implemented by the manual on court-martial. Authorizes personalities include death,

WHO MAY SERVE AS COURT MARTIAL?

ENLISTMENT: MUSTER; RETURNS

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

Art 60- Advising, persuading or assisting desertion.

DISRESPECT; INSUBORDINATION; MUTINITY

Art 69 Disobedience of order to arrest or confident- threatening, drawing a weapon, or

Art 70 Breach of arrest. Escape for confinement

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

MISCELLANEOUS CRIM AND OFFENSES

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land

ARTICLE OF WAR 105

This particular article of war empowers the commanding offices of units to

The fallowing are considered as serious military offenses:

1. Offenses involving moral turpitude.

2. Offences with specific or mandatory punishment based on punitive articles of war.

3. Crimes of offenses calling for imposition of death penalty.

4. Other offenses where the judgment or sentence of confinement in a penal institution is

3. Suspension of privileges for a period not exceeding one (1) week.

4. Extra fatigue not exceeding one (1) week.

Army Core Purpose: Serving the people, securing the land