ER ATE

MILITARY HIST O RY

ST A TES HISTO RY, IN TWELVE

A EVAN S O F GEO RGIA

. .

VO L IX
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CHAPT E R V III S ummer Camp ai gn i n 1 86 2 — 8
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 C H A PTER I .

TH E
“ —
D AR K AND B LOODY G R O U N D
"
O R IGIN O F T HE
M —B TT L
NA E A E R N P N R HE N AN
G OU D O O T R D
S HE N N AN RE RREN E
OU T R I D I S- CU N C OF CO D I
T I O S IN T H E C I VI L WAR
N RE N P A T U R O E E CE
-

P R AN E
IM O T C O F A H R
CO RRECT I S TO Y O F TH E
SOUT IN TH E WA R, ESPEC IA LLY A s To K T U C KY
H EN
—M I SC O C T I O N AN D M I S E
N EP R PRE EN A N HES T TI O —T
P N P S N E N H
RI CI L E I VO LV D I T E STR U GG LE —M R .

JE ER N
F F S O
'
S A
S VI E W —
E HER A E
TTIT U D O F OT ST T S .

M EN N H AN
O RT S H A E
D OU T - ST T AN R I G HTS D
N HE N R H
N U LLIPICATIO N I T O T SH B LOOD N OT - ED
I V I —T
N A N H E REP ES A AS N
U B LIC M O R T B LE B Y RE O
HSP
O F T H E SOU T
'
E NA S
RO T S T I RM .

T the treaty Watauga Te nn i n M arch 1 7 7 5

R
at , , , ,

when the Che rokees so ld to the He nd erson com

pany fo r ten thousand pound s ste rli ng the gre ate r
p ar t of the te rri to ry emb rac i n g the p r ese nt S t ate o f Ke n

t ucky the ch i ef D raggi ng Canoe sai d there was a d ark

, , ,

cloud ove r that country A nothe r ve rsi on i s th at he sai d

.

"
i t was a dark andb l ood y ground The whi te s i nquir
“
.
,

i ng the meani ng of hi s re fe re nce to a C l oud andfe ari ng ,

i t i mp li e d an i mpe rfec t t i tle we re assu

, re d wi th a sta te l y

wave of the hand by the ste rn Ch i eftain th at the ir t i tl e

was unque sti one d b ut that he feared when the pur
,

ch ase rs we nt to take p ossessi o n the I ndians of the no rth

who fre que nte d the land as a h unti ng gro und would she d
the i r b l ood andresi st thei r occupancy .

Th ree day s afte r the concl usi on of the tre aty the pur ,

ch ase rs preced ed by D ani e l Boone wi th a sm all p arty

, ,

starte d f o r thei r new l y acq u i re d po sse ssi o ns andwi th i n ,

te n day s the first b l oo d w as sp i ll e d i n ve ri fi cati on of the

ch ief s ominous w arni ng The Indi ans of the nort hmet
’
.
 C ON F E D ERA TE JU L] TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

them al most at the ve ry t hre shold th us i naugurati ng a ,

b l oo d y war wh i ch l asted fo r twe nty y ears andgave to ,

the Sta te whi ch near i ts cl o se hadbe come a membe r of

,

the U ni o n the sob ri quet of the d ark and b l o ody

,
“

g r o u nd
.
”
Ke n tucky ho ld s t hi s ti t l e af te r the l a p se of
more th an a ce ntury of statehood T radi ti on re ach i ng
.

back beyo nd Wata uga had rep re se nte d i t as an unte n

ante d exp anse of fo re st and grassy p l ai ns i n wh i ch the

I nd i ans of the no rth and so uth pe ri o di cally h unte d the

b uff al o d ee r and othe r game and acro ss wh i ch we re
, ,

be ate n war p ath s by wh i ch they we re wo nt to m ake p re d

a to ry e x c ursi o ns i nt o the te rri to ry e ach of the othe r .

The abo ri gi nes yi e lde d befo re the m arch o f ci vi l i zat i o n .

The axe o f the p i o neer fe ll e d the fo re st andbe fore a ce n ,

tury hadp asse d si nce Boone b l az e d aw ay fo r the T ransyl

v ani a co mp any more th an a m i ll io n soul s we re dwe ll i ng
i n pe ace and h app i ne ss i n the fai r l and wh o se natu ral

be auti e s hadbee n he i ghte ned by the sk i ll of the h usband

man andthe embe lli shme nt s of mode rn Ci vi l i z ati o n F o r .

a l o ng se aso n i nte rru ,

pte d onl y by the c all to arm s i n the
nat i onal d efe nse the d ark cl oud of the Ind i an l e ge nd
,

se eme d di sp e ll e d and the w ar path between the N orth

and So u th o bl i te rate d fo re ver B ut the fanci e d se

.

cu ri ty w as i ll u so ry I n the ve ry su
. nsh i ne of a pe acefu l
day the cl o ud sudd enl y l oome d up o n the hori zo n and ,

sprea d i ng w i th a b l i nd i ng gl oom e nve l ope d eve ry home

,

w i th i ts pall Kent ucky agai n be came i n ve ry d ee d the

.
“

"
dark andb l oody ground The war p ath was re e st ab
.
- - o

li she d a nd l e gi o ns fro m the N o rth andf rom the So uth

threade d the w ays wh i ch Bo o ne hadt ro d andcri m so ne d ,

he r so i l w i th the ir b l ood The trage d y was he i ght

.

e ne d by the f ate wh i ch arrayed f athe r agai nst so n and ,

b rothe r agai nst b rothe r The re was scacre a home ac ross

.

wh i ch the sh adow o f d eath di dno t fall .

A th i rd of a ce nt ury has p asse d si nce th i s d e l u ge of

b l oo d swept the St ate Pe ace has sm oo the d the wri nk l e d
.

b row of war The p assi o ns of strif e h ave coo l e d i nto the

.
 CONFED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

cal m re fl ecti on of a ph il osoph i c ret ro spe ct The di sc us .

si ons bo rn of w ar h a ve cease d and the wo u

, nd s o f st ri fe
h ave so f ar he al ed as to admi t of d i spassi onate re vi e wo f
the st i rri ng eve nt s of that pe ri od A ne w ge ne rat i o n
.

risen si nce the trea ty of pea ce w as wri tten wi th the swo rd

at A ppo mattox ,
has nearl y d isp l ace d the actors i n the
great t ragedy of the Co nfe d e ra te st ru ggl e andthey and
,

the chi ldre n of those who bare d the i r bo so m s to the

st o rm , are ea ge r to l e arn someth ing mo re o f the ca u se s

of th i s te rri b l e war and of the he ro i sm i t evoked th an

they can find i n the d i stort e d p ubli ca ti ons of the p re ss o r
the fire si d e narrati ve s of i ts survi vors .

The h i sto ry o f the great struggl e wh i ch fo r fo ur l ong

ye ars shook the cont ine nt and m ad e the world stand
aghas t h , as ye t to be wri tte n . The pe rso nal ob se rv at i o ns
of m any h undre ds of i ts p art i ci p ant s h ave be e n pri nte d ,

andm any o f the ci vi l andm i l i tary l e ad e rs h ave p rep are d

vo l um es of mo re o r l e ss me ri t ; andfo r m any years yet

to co me these andothers to fo llo wwi ll b ut form the ma
te ri al from the grea t mass of wh i ch to gethe r wi th the ,

ofl i ci al m i li tary re co rds of both si d e s p ub l i she d by the

g ove rn me n t the
, re a l h i s to ry of o u r c i v i l w ar wi ll be
wri tte n Whe n the actors sh all all h ave p asse d away
.
,

and whe n to the narrati ves of act u al p art i ci p ant s sh all

su cce e d the pe ri o d s of rom ance andthe dram a ; whe n all

trace s of the war sh all h ave di sappe are d save the i mpe r
i shab le mo nume nts whi ch w i ll atte st the v al or of
vi ctor and v anqui she d al i ke ; andwhe n the two se cti o ns
sh all be as tho ro u g h l y we ld e d i n to o ne as the ho use s of

York and Lanc aste r afte r ye ars of b l ood o r th ose o f the

Stuart s and H anover—some gre at mind l i ke th at of
Gi bbon o r M acaulay w i l l di spassi ona te l y wi th the cl ea r
,

p e rs p e cti ve of t i me ,
co ll a te a ll th i s hete r o g e neo us m ass

of m ate ri a l and gi ve to the wo rld the unb i ased t ruth .

The So uth can we ll aw ai t the ve rdi ct of p ro speri ty whe n

the e vi d e nce th us si fted of p rej udi ce andfree f ro m di s
to rti o us of e rror or m ali ce sh al l be phi l osoph i call y wove n
 CONFE D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

i nto a where only truth sh all h ave a lod gment

narrati ve .

M eanti me as the e ra o f the l i vi ng act o rs i s fas t co mi ng

to a clo se i t behoo ve s eve ry o ne who can contri bute
, ,

e i ther fro m hi s o wn o bse rv ati o nandexpe ri ence o r a care

fu l st u dy of the reco rd to the accumul ati on of such ma
,
.

te ri al f o r the u se o f su ch an h i st o ri an andthe i nst ru ct i o n

o f the prese nt and co mi ng ge ne ra t i ons to p ut hi s o Ee r

,

i ng i n tangi bl e sh ape ere i t be too late ; f o r the ni ght

cometh w henno man can work ”
.

Wh i le the refo re i t i s a sacre d duty bo th to the l i ving

, ,

and the dead f o r all w ho l ove truth f or i ts ow n sake to

ai d i n m ak i ng u p th i s re co rd up o n w hi ch po ste ri ty m u st
p ass especi ally i s i t the duty o f the peo pl e o f the So uth
,

to marshal the evi de nce u po n wh i ch wi l l re st the ir ti tle

to the f u ture respect o f the wo rl d It naturall y fo llows .

th at the vi ctor i n a ci vi l war has m o re ampl e m ateri al f o r

hi story th an the defe ated si de I ts re co rd m akes i tse l f
.
,

i ts archi ve s are i ntact i ts m u ste r roll s carefu

,
lly prese rved
i n State andF e de ral cap i tals w hi le pri de andi ndi vi du
,
al

amb i t i o n secu re the p re se rv ati o n of e v ery i nci d e nt of

re al o r all e ge d valor wh i ch can be cl ai me d as co ntri b u

ti ng to the resul t O n the other h and the defeate d i n

.
,

su ch a stru ggl e wh i l e as je al ou
,
s o f the i r goo d name ,

eve n i n di saster too o ften l ack the po wer o f pre se rvi ng

,

th e i r re co rds O ffi ci al p ape rs become part o f the spoi ls

.

of w ar F i re and pi ll age adde d to auth o ri ze d depo rta

.
,

ti o n depri ve th e m o f the mo st v al uabl e m ateri al le avi ng

, ,

i n many i nst ance s the pe rso nal te sti mony o f act u al p ar

ti ci pa nts as th e o nl y adj u nct to the scanty re co rd re scu ed

fro m a co mmo n destructi o n In the p rese nt i nstance.

,

the So uth was afte r the war p aralyze d by the mal

, ,

admi ni st rati o n i mpo sed u o n the peo pl e and f o r many

p ,

y ears m o re conce rne d as to whether i t wo uld h ave a

,

f uture than wi th t he preparati o n of i ts past h i sto ry B ut .

no w af te r h avi ng wo n addi ti o nal t i tl e to the admi rati o n

,

o f the world by he r h e ro i c st ru l e s toward reh ab i l i t a

gg
ti o n i n peace and h avi ng se cure d as the re sul t of l abo r
,
 C ON F ED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

an dse lf de ni al a fai r measure of t hri ft anda restorati on

,

to full ci vi l equal i ty the work of m ark i ng the grave s of

,

her d e ad w i th fitti ng monume nts andco ll ecti ng i nto pe r

m ane nt form the re co rd of the deed s of he r sons be gi ns to
assu me a p racti cal ph ase .

Whi l e the duty i s enjoi ned upon the State s of the

So uth p roper whose au tonomy has been prese rve d as
actu a l members o f the Co nfed e racy i t i s eve n mo re ln
,

cumbe nt upon Ke ntucki ans who survi ve to se e th at j us

ti ce i s d one i n h istory to the i r comrades d ea d andli ving
, ,

who l eft the i r homes and all th a t m ake s l i fe sw ee t to

obey the di ctates of consci e nce and vi ndi cate the i r p ri n
ci p les as God gave them to see the i r w ay They ex
.

ch ange d lux ury f o r w ant the ce rtain rank w hi ch aw ai te d

,

mos t of th em f o r pri v ate stat i on home for e xi l e peace

, ,

f o r war and li fe f o r de ath i tse lf , rather than tu

. rn the i r
we a pons against a k i ndred peopl e struggli ng to m ai ntain
the i r convi cti ons of ri gh t The war has settl e d ad ve rse l y
.

to the i r vi e ws m any questi ons ; b ut whi l e the supe rfici al

o r i gnorant may tal k of the enorm i ty of the t re aso n

whi ch the ir ad voca cy i mpl i e d the e nl i ghtened student

,

knows th at i n the first pl ace no court has eve r pro

no unce dparti ci pa ti on i n the l ate war t reason; andi n the
seco nd th at i f treaso n co u
, ld b e com mi tted w i tho ut an
ove rt act secessi on as a reme dy f o r wrongs c o mm i tte d
,

by the ge ne ral gove rnme nt against the re se rve d ri gh ts

of the State s was be fore the war re gard e d by no means
, ,

as su ch a mo nstrous d oc tri ne as the re so rt to arm s agai nst

i t has m ad e i t . The ve ry e ssence of the p l atform upon
wh i ch Thom as Je ff e rso n was el ecte d wh i ch he i nsp ired,
,

i f he d i d no t wri te and wh i ch was i ntrod u

, ce d i n and
passe d by the ge neral assembl y of Ke nt ucky i n 1 7 98 ,

had th i s i ni t i al resol ut i o n: R e so l ve d Th at the seve ral

“
,

St ates composi ng the U ni te d St ate s o f A me ri ca are no t

uni ted o n the pri nci pl e of unl i m i te d subm i ssi o n to the i r
ge ne ral gove rnme nt b u , t th a t by comp act u nd e r the sty l e
and t i t l e of the Co nsti t u t i on of the U ni ted States andby
8 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

a me ndment s the reto , they co nsti tute d a ge ne ral gove rn

me nt f o r speci al purpo ses del e gate d to th at go ve rnme nt
,

ce rtai n de fini te po w e rs reservi ng each State fo r i tse lf

,

the resi duary m ass of ri ght to the ir o wn se l f go ve rnme nt

-
,

and th a t whe nso e ve r the ge ne ral go vernme nt assu me s

unde l egate d po wers i ts act s are unauth ori tati ve vo i d ,

ando f no fo rce ; th at to th i s comp act e ach Sta te acced e d

as a St ate andi s an i nte gral p arty ; th at th e go ve rnme nt

cre at e d by th i s compact w as no t mad e the e x cl u si ve o r

final j udge o f the po we r de l egate d to i t se lf si nce th at ,

wo uld h ave m ade di screti on and no t the Consti tuti o n the

me asure o f i ts powers ; b u t th at as i n all case s o f com
p act am o ng part i e s havi ng no commo n j udge e ach party ,

has an e q ual ri ght to j udge f or i tse lf as well o f i nfre e

ti ons as of the m ode andme asure o f redress .

F o r more t han fifty ye ars u , pto the bri nk of the war ,

th i s re so l utio n was reafi rmed by State l egi sl atures and

p arty co nve nti ons as co ntaini ng the true theo ry o f o ur
g o ve r nme nt
. I t h ad bee n pu t f o rth by m e n w h o h ad

taken a l e adi ng p art i n the war of the R evo l uti o n and

the fo rm ati o n o f the Fe de ral Consti tuti on as e mbo dy,

i ng the pri nci pl es upon whi ch sep arati o n from Great

B ri tain had taken place and the fed erati ve system of
g o v e rnme nt h ad be e n foun d ed .B u t i t had a sti ll fu r the r

si gnificance and o b j e ct . Wi th in a de cade afte r the f or

mat i on o f the uni on o f the Stat es dangero us he resi e s had
,

gai ned a foo th o ld anda m o narchi cal el ement assu

, , m i ng
the theo ry o f a co nsoli dated gove rnme nt had passe d ,

ac ts su ch as th e ali e n and se di ti on laws andi n many

,

ways transcende d the li mi ts o f the Co nsti tutio fi By a .

si l e nt yet stead
, y and pe aceful revo l ut i o n our fo rm of
,

go ve rnme nt was u ndergo i ng a radi cal ch ange whe n M r .

Jeff e rso n sounde d the note o f alarm and upon the ,

pl atf o rm o f the re so l uti ons o f I 7 98 o ve rthre wthe F e deral

,

p arty i n I 80o and i n contradi stincti on to i ts co ntent i on

,

f o r a stro ng central gove rnme nt wi th po w e rs o ther than

those Spe ci all y del egate d to i t by the State s establ i she d
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE I VILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 9

upo n a firm basi s the opposi te andD e mocrati c theory of

ou r gove rnme nt whi ch w as mai nt ai ne d f o r mo re th a n

half a ce ntury N o one d reamed th at such p ri nci p l e s

.

we re tre asonab l e M r M adi so n who had bee n one o f

. .
,

the m ost promine nt i n frami ng the Cons ti tuti on haduse d ,

th i s language , The States be i ng p arti e s to the comp act

and i n the ir sove re i gn capaci ty i t fo ll ow s of nece ssi ty
,

th at the re can be no tri b unal above the i r auth ori ty to

d eci d e
i n the l ast reso rt whethe r the comp ac t m ad e by
them be vi olate d, andconseque nt l y th at , as parti e s to i t ,

they m ust d eci d e i nthe l ast re so rt such q uesti ons as may

be of sufii ci e nt m agni t ud e to req ui re the i r i nte rp reta
ti on. Chi ef J usti ce M arsh all who was a F e d eral i st and
,

nei the r pe rso nall y nor po li ti call y in sympa thy wi th M r .

Je ff erson in rend eri ng a j udi ci al d eci si on i n an i mpo r

,

t ant case sai d : I n A me ri ca the powe rs o f sove rei gnty

are di vi d e d between the gove rnme nt of the U ni o n and

those of the States They are each sove re i gn wi th re

.

spect to th e obje cts commi tte d to the othe r I f i t be true

.

tha t the Co nsti t u t i on andlaw s of the land mad e i n pur

su ance th ere of are the su preme law of the l and i t i s ,

e qu all y tru e th at l aws of the U ni te d St ate s m ad e no t i n

pursuance thereof cannot b e the sup reme lawof the
As l o ng as these pri nc i p l e s w ere ob mrve di n the
”
land .

ad mi ni stra ti on of the government the re w as peace It .

was no t the South al one wh i ch m ai ntai ne d them as em

bod yi ng the co rrect th e ory of the Consti tuti on O the r .

States both b efore andaf te r the comp act hadco nte nd e d

, ,

for them as the condi ti ons u nd e r wh i ch the U ni o n was

forme d or was possi bl e N e w York among othe rs in
.
, ,

rat if yi ng the Co nst i tu ti on d eclare d th at the powe rs d e l e

gated by he r co u l d be resume d whe neve r pe rve rte d to he r
i nj ury o r O pp ressi o n and th at eve ry po we r no t grante d
,

rem a i ne d w i th he r N o t onl y was th i s so b ut M assachu

.
,
.

setts w as the very firs t to asse rt h e r soverei gn ri ghts to ,

the very ve rge of acti ve hosti li ty to the F ede ral gove rn

ment andam li ati o n w i th Grea t B ri tai n i n the war o f I 8 I z .
lo CON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

The F e deral laws were null i fie d by go verno r and le gi s

la tu re andi n 1 8 1 4 at the darkest pe ri o d o f the w
,
ar the ,

l e gi slature declared th at i t was as much the duty o f

“

the State au thori ti es to watch o ver the ri ghts rese rve d as ,

o f the U ni te d Sta tes to e x erci se the powers wh i ch are

delegated and that States which have no common um

,

pi re must be their o wn j udges and exe cute the i r o wn

"
de ci si ons . A me re refere nce to the H artfo rd Co nven
ti on i s sufi ci e nt to i ndi cate the ex tent to whi ch th e se
senti ments prevai l ed i n N e wE ngl and .

A s ti me pro gresse d and the pro fits of the slave trade

fe ll 0 3 and whe n the N o rthern slave States had sold
,

th e ir h um an ch attel s to the Southern pla nters a two ,

fo ld system o f Oppressi on be gan the successful e x ecuti on

,

o f whi ch requ i re d a re linqu i shment of such consti tuti o na l

vi ews anda revi val of the F e deral i sm wh i ch M r Je fi e r .

so n h ad o ve rthro w n The pro te ct i ve tari fi syste m w

. as

devi se d as a speci al proce ss by whi ch o ne se cti on o f the

co u ntry wou ld bui ld i tse lf upat the ex pense of the o ther
and gro w we al thy u nde r an u nequal form of taxati o n
bu t l i tt l e short of l egali ze d ro bbe ry The Sou
. th p ro teste d
and pl e ad e d agai nst th i s di scri mi nati on b u t e xcept i n
,

o ne i nst ance i n the case o f So u

,
th Caro l i na i n 1 83 the re 2,

was never act ion other th an i n the form of l egi slati ve or

party protest andno o vert act of war The o ther form
, .

o f hosti li ty andu nco nsti tuti o nal acti on o n the part o f the
N orthern State s agai nst the Sou th was i n the nulli ficati o n
of the express pro vi si o ns o f the Co nsti tuti on of the
U ni te d Sta t e s wh i ch reco gniz e d sl avery i n th ree art i cl es
and requ i re d slaves to be del i vere d u to thei ow ne
p r rs

whe n they should escape i nto another State Th is .

asse rti on o f the h i ghe r law first took the form of fanat
”

i cal agi ta ti on and was conde mne d by such me n as E d

,

ward E ve rett who i n addi t i on to the ob li gati o n wh i ch

, ,

the Co nsti tuti on enj o i ned held that the gre at rel ati o n
,

o f se rvi tu de i n so me fo rm or o ther wi th greater or l ess

,

de part ure fro m the theo reti c e quali ty o f me n i s i nse par ,

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y . ll

a bl e from o ur nat i on D omesti c slave ry i s no t i n my

.
,

j udgme nt to be se t down as an i mmoral andi rre l i gi ous

,

re lati o n . I t i s a cond i ti on of li fe as we ll as any othe r to ,

be j ustifi ed by mo rali ty re li gi on and i nternati onal la w

,
"
.

The p re se nt ge ne rati o n afte r h a vi ng bee n dri ll e d i nt o

,

the be l i ef that the l ate war was a ri ghteous me asure to

ext irpate the horri d cri me of sl ave ry w i ll as ge ne rati ons , ,

yet to come find i t di ffi cul t to und e rst and how such a

,

transi ti on of pub li c senti me nt could o ccur i n so sho rt a

ti m e —from the embo di me nt of the most cul ture d and
humane thought o n the subje ct as ci te d above to the ,

fanati ci sm whi ch in a few short ye ars has m ad e a saint

of John B rown andd eclare d the author of the em anci p a
ti on proc lam ati on an insp i re d man The crusad e once .

be gun grew rapi dl y from o ne of me re fanati cal z eal and

,

the agi tati on by vo l untary associ at i ons andrel i gi ous o r

an i z ati o ns to the d e li be rate a cti on of Sta te l e gi sl at u e
g , r s ,

fifteen of wh i ch nu ll i fie d the Consti tuti onal provi si on and

the l aw s p asse d to e nforce the same by i mpo sing seve re ,

pe nal ti es upo n those who so ught to execute the fugi ti ve

sl ave law . In short i t gr ew from a sm all ge rm of se nti
,

ment w i thout re gard to lawto a crue l attempt to i nci te

servi l e w ar i n Vi rgi ni a and finall y to a gre a t re vo lu
,

ti on whi ch b rushe d asi d e law consti tut i ons andA me ri

, ,

can brothe rhoo d u nt i l a m i l li o n me n we re in arm s i nvad

,

i ng the home s and she ddi ng the b l ood of a peop l e who

thought as all earl y p ubl i ci sts andthe most e nli ghtene d
,

late r ones mai ntained that they were p rotecte d agai nst
,

su ch i nfracti on of ri ght by the ve ry terms o f the compact

unde r whi ch they li ve d The acti on of the So uthern
.

State s l ooki ng to the protecti on of the i r consti tuti o nal

,

ri ght s from su ch a t i d al w ave of fanati ci sm by the peace

fu l expe d i ent of wi th d raw i ng from the U ni on and

resu m i ng the sove re i gnty they had surrende re d to the
F e d eral gove rnme nt upon we ll d e fined co ndi t i o ns
-
wi ll ,

not appe ar so i ll ogi cal o r revol ut i onary whe n i t i s re

fie cte dth at the te nor of p u b l i c opi ni o n as we ll as j udi ci al
,
12 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

deci si o n was not adverse to bel i ef i n such a remedy

, .

They pro po se d no war u po n the go ve rnme nt at Wash i ng

to n no r upo n any i nd i vi d u
,
al Sta tes and no o ne h ad , ,

unti l afte r the ir i ni ti al acti on cl ai me d th at the ri ght o f

,

co erci o n e xi ste d as a me ans o f keep i ng th e m i n th e

U ni o n The wh o le tre nd o f senti me nt i n the N o rth as

.

we ll as the So uth whi l e many de p reca ted the wi sdo m o r

,

nece ssi ty o f the m o ve me nt was tha t i t was a qu e sti on f o r

them to decide as an e xe rci se o f a re se rve d ri ght I n the .

N o rt h th i s expressi on bo th as to the bro ad pri nci pl e lai d

,

do wn by M r Je fi e rson as hereto fo re re ci ted and as to

.
'

thei r ri ght to deci de f o r themse l ves was cl ear andwi th ,

o ut amb i gui ty .

In 1 85 9 , venti o n i n C level and O hi o i n whi ch

at a co n , ,

J oshua R Gi ddi ngs Se na to r B F Wade Go verno r S P

.
, . .
, . .

Chase and e x Go verno r D e nniso n parti ci pate d re so lu

-
,

ti o ns we re adopte d usi ng the l anguage andre afi rming

the strongest de clarati o n o f the Kentucky reso luti ons o f
1 7 98 . In 1 86 : Wendell Ph i ll i ps sai d i n a speech at N e w .

Be dfo rd M ass , He re are a se ri es o f States gi rdli ng the

,

Gul f who th i nk the i r pecul i ar i nsti tuti ons requi re th at

they sh o uld h ave a separate go vernment They h ave a .

ri ght to de ci de th at q u e sti on wi th out appeal ing to yo uor

to me .

Three days after M r Li nco l n s el ecti on H orace Gre eley

.
’

i n the N e w Yo rk Tri bu ne sai d : If the cotton States

“

shall be co me sati sfie d tha t they can d o bette r o ut o f the

U ni o n th an i n i t we i nsi st o n l e tti ng them go i n peace
,
.

The ri ght to se ce de may st i ll be a revol uti o nary o ne ,

bu t i t e xi sts ne ve rth e l e ss We m ust ever resi st the

.

ri ght o f any State to rem ai n i n the U ni o n andnu ll i fy o r

d efy the l aws the reo f To wi th drawfro m the U ni o n i s
.

qui t e ano the r matter and whe ne ve r a co nsi de rabl e sec

,

t i o n o f the U ni o n sh all de li be rately re so l ve to go o ut we ,

sh all resi st all co e rci ve me asu re s de si gned to k e e p i t i n .

We hOpe never to l ive i n a re publ i c wh e reo f o ne se cti o n

i s pi nne d to ano the r by b ayo nets Quo tat io ns of a si m .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 18

i lar characte r f rom so u rce s eq uall y as p rom i ne nt co uld be

m ul ti pli e d i nde fini te l y , showi ng th at as f ar as N orthe rn
s e nti me nt was conce rne d the So uthern Sta te s wh i ch
,

passe d o rdi nance s of sece ssi on be fore the i naugurat i o n of

M r Li ncoln had no reaso n to be li eve tha t the i r ac ti on
.

would meet wi th the re sul t wh i ch so soo n ch ange d the

fee li ng o f acqui e sce nce i n the ir moveme nt e x p resse d by ,

M r Phi ll i p s a nd M r G re e l ey i nt o a d ete rm i nat i o n to

. .
,

com p e l them to re m ai n i n the U ni o n by force of arm s

an ill u si ve dre am from wh i ch they awoke too l ate to a ve rt

the co nseque nce of the i r ac ts .

J usti ce to the b rave me n who gave o r ri ske d the i r l i ves

i n d efe nse of the So u th d em ands th at the t ruth as they
,

saw and se e i t sh all be state d N o e nemy re spe ct s a

.

c ri ngi ng f oe and a m anl y su

,
bm i ssi on to the re sul ts of
the war i n the mo st unre se rve d se nse does no t i mpl y the
, ,

su rre nd e r o f me ntal co nv i ct i o ns as to the ca u se s of the

war o r bel i ef i n the t ruth of the p ri nci p l e s f o r wh ich o ne

fought The co nd i ti o ns are i ndee d Ch anged andthe re
.
,

su lts o f the war embod i e d i n the ame nd me nts h ave al ter e d

th e Co nsti tu ti o n so as to make vi ew s te nab l e befo re the
war i nco mpati bl e wi th th at i nst rument as amende d A s
,
.

an ex amp l e of t h ose ch anges i t may be noted th at every

,

o ne no w i s by vi rtu e of the F ourtee nth ame ndme nt a

ci ti ze n of the U ni te d State s whe re as p re vi ous to i ts
,

adopt i on he w as a ci t i ze n onl y by vi rtu e of be i ng fi rst a

c i t i zen of the Sta te i n whi ch he l i ve d The la tte r was
.

the chi e f gro und upo n wh ich p aramount all egi ance was
held to be due to the St ate whe reas o ne of the re vo lu
,

ti o nary resu l ts of the war i s th a t F ede ral c i ti ze nshi p i s

pl ace d o n the h i ghe r pl ane B ut w i th th i s e x cept i o n and
.

the e li mi nati on of sl ave ry fo r the m ainte nance o f wh i ch

,

the South fought be cause i t was m ad e th e part i cul ar

i ssu e upo n wh i ch her ri gh t to re gul ate he r do me st i c co n
ce rns was assai l e d i t i s a que sti on whethe r the e ff e ct of
,

the war has no t been to stre ngthe n i nste ad of to we ake n

th e d oc t ri ne of Je ff e rso n as to the re l a t i ve ri ghts and
“
14 C ON F ED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

duti es of the Sta te a ndF e de ral go v ernments barri ng the ,

ri ght o f d e te rm i ni ng the mo d e and measure o f re

“

dre ss A t no ti me h ave the ri ghts o f the Sta te s been

.

mo re cl early de fine d than no w some o f the stro ngest

,

d eci si ons afi rmi ng the m h avi ng be e n rendere d since the

war .

Grea t as was the sacrifice in blood and tre asure in ,

vi ew o f the fact tha t so o ne r o r late r the co nfl i ct wou ld

h ave co me andwo uld have be e n more seri ous the l o nge r
i t was defe rre d i t i s the part o f a wi se phi loso phy to l oo k
,

upo n the war as no t wholl y an unm i x ed evi l It has i n .

,

o ne se nse ma d e the sec ti o ns bette r acq u

,
ai nte d andgi v en

each a bette r o pi ni o n of the o the r wh i l e i t has eli mi nated

,

sl av e ry w h i ch would have al ways caused tro ubl e in the

,

bo dy po l i ti c and pe rhaps could neve r have bee n remo ved

e xce pt by so me such de sperate proce ss of surgery .

A bo ve all i t has i nsu ,

re d the pe ace and e x i ste nce o f the

R epu bli c andm ade firme r the fo unda ti o ns o f o ur l i be rt i es

an d the guaran tee s the Co nsti tuti o n The m o st e n
of .

li gh te ned publi ci sts o f the w orld no wrej ect the sh all o w

all egat i on th at the Sou the rn States e ngage d i n war

me rel y to ri ve t the cl aim s upo n the sl ave s who p roved
the i r most fai thf ul se rvants andreco gni ze d that they we re
m aking a hero i c de fe nse o f the pri nci ple of comm uni ty
i nde pe nde nce andthe ri ght to re gul ate the i r o w n do me s
ti c aff ai rs wh i ch i s i nseparabl e from the i dea o f tru
,
e te ~

pub li can and fe de ral l ib e rty The def e nse of th i s l o ne

.

pri nci pl e was wo rth the blo od shed fo r i t andwi ll m ak e ,

future ge ne rati ons count well the co st befo re e i the r the

ce ntral pow e r o r an aggrega ti on of St ates u nde rtake s to
i nfri nge upo n the gu arantee d ri ghts o f the co eq u al -

St a te s I n i ts nati o nal aspects the he ro i sm e vo k ed by the

.

war i s cre di tabl e to our marti al Spi ri t wh ile the fi nal

,

reh ab i l i ta ti o n of the U ni o n u po n the term s of former

equal i ty afte r the fai lure o f R eco nstructi on has taken
, ,

from the vanqui sh e d the sti ng o f de fe at To the nat i ons

.

of the wo rld the S pectacle has bee n a reve lat i on an en .

 C ON FED ER A TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

co urageme nt to the opp re ssed anda warning to the des

i powe how i n as i t d oes the vi tali ty o f ou y em
po t e rs ,s g r s st
an dthe ab i li ty to co p e wi th any foe In defense of a com
'

mo n cau se.
 C H APTE R II .

ATT IT U D E O F KE N TU C KY B E FO R E AN D D U RI N G T H E
WA R —IT S CLO SE K IN D R E D A N D A L LIA N C E WITH
T H E SO U TH —PO LI TI CA L STA TU S B E F O R E TH E
WA R —I TS A CT I O N WH E N PR ESID E N T LI N CO LN
—
CAL LED FO R T R O O PS G O VE R N O R MA GO FFIN S R E
'

P U SAL T O R ESPO N D U N IVE R SALLY E N D O R SE D

O RIG IN O F T H E D O CTRI N E O F N E U TR A L I TY—A
U N I O N PRO PO SITI O N —WHY T H E SO U TH E RN M E N
A C Q U IESCE D —H O W T H E Y WE R E D EC E IVE D AN D
O VE RR EAC H E D —E F F O R TS O F SO U TH E RN R I G H TS
PAR TY T O PR O M O TE I N TE R N AL PE ACE A CT I O N O F —
T H E L E G IS LA T U R E—VI O LAT IO N O F N E U T RA LI TY
B Y UN I O N PA R TY—SECR E T IN TRO D UCTI O N O F F E D
—
E R AL AR MS AN D R E CR U I T IN G WI LL IAM N E LSO N S
'

A CT IVITY—LAST E F F O RTS O F T H E SO U TH ER N
E LE ME N T—R E SPO N SE O F PR ESID E N T D AVI S A N D
PR ES I D EN T LIN C O LN — O C C U PA TI O N O F CO LU M
B U S B Y G EN ERA L PO LK—ACT I O N O F T H E LEG I S ~

L AT U R E—G E N E RA L AN D ER SO N TAK ES CO M MAN D

—R E IG N O F TER R O R —F LIG H T O F SO UTH E RN
L E AD E R S.

A VI N G th us b ri e fl y glance d at the fundam ental

cau se s of the w ar : first as i ndi ca te d by th
,
e two

opposi te co ntendi ng theo ri es of co nsti tuti onal co n

st ruct i o n; and sec ond , as to the i mme d i a te occasi o n of

the co nfl i ct i n the que sti on o f sl ave ry i t i s p ropose d to

,

show t he p art wh i ch Ke ntu cky bo re i n the gre at st rug

gl e. H e r a tt i t,
ud e b o th at the i ncep t i o n an dd uri ng th e

progre ss of the war has no t be en full y unde rstood nor

,

de scri be d wi thout m uch error of sta teme nt p art ly from,

a mi sco ncept i on of the facts andpart l y from the i r be ing

col ore d by the p rej udi ce s o r p arti a li ti es of the wri te rs .

The posi ti on of Ke ntucky as a bord er State pl ace d

her i n an embarrassi ng atti tude . A ll i ed to the Sou the rn
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 17

States by Si mi lari ty of i nsti tut i ons by c lo se ti es of b l ood

, ,

o f trad e and po li ti cal sympa thy her peop l e yet too

,

p l ai nl y sawthe e ff e ct o f he r geographi cal posi ti oni n case

of war and had too b road a se nse of the v al ue o f the
U ni on to l ook w i th i ndi ff e rence upo n the evi d e nce s of
the gathe ring storm The re was com parati ve l y li ttl e
.

sece ssi on se nti me nt in the Sta t e .Wi th all he r sympa thy

for the So uth Ke nt ucky hope d to the l ast tha t the threat
,

e ne d d i sso l ut i on of the U ni o n co uld be ave rte d H e r .

re la ti ons wi th h e r ne i ghbo r Sta te s to th e no rth we re

co rd i al. I n J anuary 1 8 6 0 by i nvi ta t i o n of the O hi o

, ,

l egi sla ture the l e gi sla ture of Ke nt ucky hadvi si te d Co l

,

umbus as a bo d y andthe membe rs of the two bod i e s had

frate rni ze d in the e nj o yme nt O f the m ost unres t rai ne d
soci ab i l i ty
. In fact the O h i o ri ve r w hi ch was nom inall y
, ,

a bo u ndary be twee n sep arate co mmo nwe al th s se eme d ,

rathe r to u ni te them o nl y the more cl o se l y andno h u

,
m an
foresi ght could h ave p re di cted t ha t w i th i n a l i tt l e m o re
than twe l ve month s the re would b e such al te re d co nd i
ti ons.

The p resi d e nt i al e l e cti o n of 1 860 found the peopl e of

Ke nt ucky m uch d i vi d e d i n po l i ti cal se nti me nt The sp l i t
.

i n the D emoc rat i c p arty at the Ch arl esto n convent i on

re su l ted i n two D emocrat i c t i cket s ando ut o f a vote i n
,

Kentucky of Breck i nri dge and L ane re ce i ve d

D ou glas andJoh nso n wh i l e the Co nsti tu
ti o nal U ni on ti cke t of Be ll andE ve rett re ce i ve d
and Linco l n andH aml i n b u t So th at i t w i ll be
se e n tha t wh i l e the Be ll and E ve rett ti cket re ce i ve da

pl urali ty of abo ut th i rtee n thousand vote s the comb ine d

,

vote f o r the D emocrat i c ti cke ts was nearl y as m uch i n

exce ss of th a t f o r the fo rmer The small vote f o r the
.

Repub l i can ti cket sho w s th at eve n i f i t d i d no t i ncl ud e

all who symp ath i z e d i n the obje cts o f th a t party i t i nd i
,

cated the sl i ght footh o ld i t h ad O bt ai ned i n Ke ntu cky .

On the other h and wh i l e the p l atfo rm s of all th ree o f

,

the othe r o rgani zati o ns were anta goni sti c to the R ep ubl i
Ix s-
IS CON F E D E R A TE AI I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

can po si ti o n o n the sl av e ry que sti o n andwhi l e the se nti

,

ment o f sympathy wi th the So uth and i ts p ri nci pl es was

al mo st u nanimo us i t i s no t to b e infe rre d that th i s e x
,

te nde d to an appro v al o f se cessi o n as a prac ti cal reme dy

o f e xi sti ng t ro u bl e s .

I n J anu ary 1 86 1
,
a call e d se ssi o n o f the ge ne ral as
,

se mbl y w as h e ld to co nsi de r th e stat u s o f a fi ai rs b u ta ,

pro po si ti o n to call a co nve nti o n to de ci de as to K e ntucky s ’

ul t imate act i o n was pro mptl y vo t e d do wn O n the z I st .

o f J anu ary a se ri es o f re so l u ti o ns was i nt ro d uce d de ,

clari ng first ,
that the General A sse mbl y hadh e ard wi th
p rofo und re gret o f the resol uti o ns o f the State s o f N e w
Yo rk O h i o M ai ne and M assach u
, ,
sett s t e nde ri ng to th
,
e

Pre si de nt me nandmo ney to be use d in co erci ng so ve re i gn

States of the So uth i nto the F ede ral go ve rnme nt ;
”
se c

o nd requ
,
e sti ng the go vernor o f Ke ntuck y to i nfo rin the
e xecut i ve s o f e ach o f sai d State s th at wheneve r the
au th o ri t i e s o f th ose State s shal l se nd arme d fo rce s to the
So uth fo r the p urpose i ndi cated i n sai d re so l ut i o ns the ,

pe o pl e o f Ke ntucky uni ti ng wi th the i r brethre n o f the

,

So u th wi ll as o ne man re si st the i nvasi on o f the so i l o f

,
"
the So u th atall hazards andto the last e x t re mi ty The .

first reso l uti on was ado pte d unani mo usl y andthe se co nd ,

by a vo te o f ei ghty seve nto si x Th i s was unque st i o nably

-
.

a f ai r reflex o f the se nti me nt of Ke ntu cky at th i s j u nc

t ure I t was further shown by the acti o n o f the j o int
.

co nve nti o n o f the Bell and E verett o r Co n s t i tuti o nal

U ni o n party andthe D o u gl as o r U ni o n D e mocrati c party ,

h e ld Shortl y before thi s whe n the followi ng cl ause was

,

ado pted as p art o f the pl atfo rm : That we deplo re the

e xi ste nce of a U ni o n to be h e ld to ge the r by the sword ,

wi th l aws to b e enfo rced by standi ng arm i e s A U ni o n .

Sta te ce ntral co mmi ttee was th en ap po i nted co nsi st ing of ,

the fo llo wi ng pe rso ns all o f who m we re the most pre

,

no unced and ac ti ve U ni o n me n i n the State : Joh n H .

H arney Wi ll iam F B u
, llock Ge o D Prenti ce J ame s
.
, . .
,

Speed Ch arl es Ri pley Wi lli am P Boo ne Phi l i p To m

, , .
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE I II /LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 19

pert H ami l to n Pope N ath ani e l Wol fe and Le wis B

, , .

H arvi e . Af te r the fall of F ort Su mte r Governo r ,

M ago fi n in response to the Presi d e nt s call f or troop s

’

, ,

agai n voi ce d the se nti me nt of Ke ntu cky w he n he sai d ,

Kentucky w i l l furni sh no troop s f o r the w i cke d pur

pose o f sub d ui ng he r si ster So uthe rn St ate s .

O n the 1 7 th o f A p ri l two d ays afte r the above declara

,

ti o n H o n Joh n J C ri tte nd e n who hadj ust reti re d from

, . .
,

the U ni te d State s Se nate andwas the re co gni ze d U nio n

l eade r of Ke ntucky made a speech i n Le x i ngton i n
,

wh i ch he approve d Gove rnor M ago fii n s act io n andfirs t

'
,

of all proc l ai med the doctri ne of ne ut ral i ty to take no ,

part i n the i m pendi ng war ex cept as a me di ato r betwee n

the sec ti ons and to resist aggre ss i on of he r te rri to ry by
,

ei the r secti on U pon the next day the U ni o n ce nt ral

.

commi ttee name d ab ove i ssue d an addre ss to the pe o p l e

of Ke ntucky A fte r e nd orsi ng the re spo nse of Gove rnor
.

M ago fl i n to the call f o r t ro ops and f avo ri ng an arme d

ne utral i ty i t sai d
, Whateve r the fut ure d uty of K e n
,

tucky ma y be we of course cannot w i th ce rtai nty fore se e

,

bu t i f the enterpri se anno u nce d i n the p rocl am at i on O f

the Pre si d e nt should at any t ime he rea fte r a ssume the
aspect of a w ar f o r the ove rru nni ng and su bj ugati on
of the se ce di ng Sta te s thro ugh the full asse rt ion the re i n
of the na ti onal j uri sdi cti on by a stand i ng m i l i tary fo rce ,

we do no t he si tate to say th at Ke nt ucky sho ul d p rompt l y

unshe ath he r swo rd i n behal f of wha t w i l l the n h ave b e
come a common ca use Such an event i f i t should occur
.
,
—o f whi ch we co nfe ss the re doe s no t appe a r to us to be a
rat i o nal p ro b ab i l i ty—co u ld h ave b ut o ne me ani ng a ,

me ani ng whi ch a pe o p l e jeal ous o f the i r l ib e rty w o uld

be kee n to dete ct andwh i ch a pe o pl e w o rthy of l i be rty
,

wo uld be prompt andfearl e ss to resi st Whe n Ke ntucky .

d etects thi s meani ng i n the acti o n of the go ve rnme nt ,

she ou g ht w i
,
tho u t co unti ng the co st to take u p a rm s a t
,

once against the governme nt U nti l She do e s d ete ct th i s

.

me ani ng she ought to hold he rse lf i nd epe nd e nt of bot h

,
20 C ON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

si de s ,
an d to co mpe l bo th si de s te- r e spect the i nvi o la o

b ili ty .

A i n Louisvi ll e , addre sse d by Jame s

large meeti ng
G uthri e, ex se cre tary o f the tre asury ; H on A rch D ix o n,
-
. .

H o n J o h n Yo u
. ng B ro w n, and oth e r stro ng U ni o n me n,
ad v ocate d a si mi l ar po li cy The So uthern Ri ght s me n .

o f Kentu cky , anxi o u s to ave rt w ar, and be li evi ng t hat

uni te d acti o n i n Ke ntuck y o n the l i nes pro po se d by the

U ni on me n would do epte d the te rm s p ro pose d
so , acc ,

and Ge n J o h n C B recki nri dge j u

. st the n e nte red u
. po n
,

hi s term i n the Se na te andacknowl e dge d as the D emo

crat i c l e ade r cl asp e d h ands wi th M r C ri tte nde n wi th
,
.

the assurance o f hearty cc ope rati o n andhi s fo llowers -

,

su stai ne d h i m i n hi s e ffo rts to mai nta in f or K e ntucky a

po si ti o n o f stri ct ne utrali ty H ad he decli ne d to ado pt .

the ne utral i ty pro po si ti o n and insi ste d upon the State s ’

taki ng i mme di ate acti on wi th the South the re can be no ,

do ubt th at all o pposi ti o n would h ave bee n o verco me and

K e ntucky would have beco me an act i ve andi nte gral f ac
to r i a the So u the rn Co nfe de racy by fo rm al State act i o n .

B ut wi th the mo st p at ri o t i c p u rpo se he yi e ld e d to the

se du cti ve pe rsu asi ons o f those w ho p ro ve d a fte rw ard

th at the ir prote stat i o ns we re o nl y a pl ea f o r de l ay and ,

whose subsequent acts sh o wed that the compact was

scarce ly se al e d befo re i t w as b roke n I t i s si cke ni ng to .

reca ll the d u pli ci ty wh i ch ensued M any So uthern me n .

,

foresee i ng the resul t yet abi di ng the ple dge l eft the
, ,

State si ngly o r by squads and e nt e re d the servi ce o f the

So uth i nste ad o f mai nt ai ni ng h o sti l e organizati o ns wi th in
he r l i mi ts U ni o ni sts o f pro mi ne nce vi si ted Wash i ngto n
.

andre tu rne d wi t h assu rance s all eged to have bee n i ve n

g
by M r Li nco ln t ha t the ne utral i ty wo uld b e re spe cted
.
.

The U ni on pre ss o f Ke ntu cky l u ll ed the apprehensi o ns o f

the peo p le T he Lo ui svi ll e Journal sai d e mph ati cally
.

that M r Li nco ln k nows th at he cannot have troo ps

.
“

ro "
f m Ke ntucky to i nvade the So uth andi n eve ry fo rm ,

in w h i ch assurance co uld be gi ve n asseve rat i o n was ,

 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 21

made that good fai th would be mai ntai ne d i n suppo rti ng

the poli cy of an armed ne utrali ty Ye t wi th in th i rty .

days se cret em i ssari es we re sent from Wash ington to

o rgani z e f or the su bj ugati on of the State and to raise
recru i ts f o r the F ed eral army Ch i ef o f the se was W i ll i am
.

N e l so n a na ti ve Ke ntuc ki an and l i e u
,
tenant i n the na vy ,

whose acquai ntance andsoci al standing wi th the p rinci pal

So uthe rn l ead e rs i nsure d hi m u nu su al faci l i ti e s f o r h is
operati ons H e m ingl e d free l y wi th them at F rankfo rt
.

and o ther poi nts app are nt l y ha vi ng no u

,
l te ri or o bject ,

yet was busy arranging f or the secret i ntrod ucti on o f

arm s the i ssu
,
ance of comm i ssi ons andthe di stri b u t i o n of
co nt racts f or beef m u l e s andothe r suppl i es Th rough
,
.

hi s i nstrume ntal i ty five thousand stand of arms we re

brought i nto Ke ntucky as e arl y as the zo thof M ay anda ,

camp form e d in Garrard c o unty w hi ch became know n ,

as Camp D i ck R obi nson whe re i n ti me a nu , mbe r of

re gi m ents w ere organi ze d Th is v i o la ti on of the ne utral
.

i ty of Kentu cky the fu ,ll ex tent of whi ch w as no t how ,

ever known unti l too late first awake ne d the Southe rn

, ,

me n to a re ali z ati on of the d e cepti on p ract i ce d upo n

them and prod uce d a mi ngl ed f ee l ing of di strust and
,

re se ntment .

Vari ous expe di ents w ere re sorte d to wi th a vi ew of

sta yi ng th e ti d e of war O n the 4thof M ay an e l ect i on
.

was he ld throughout the State f o r d e l egates to a Bord e r

Sta te conve nti o n when the ti cket compo se d of U ni on
,

me n of prom i ne nce was el e cte d wi thout opposi ti o n the ,

So uthern symp ath ize rs the n ha vi ng co nfi d ence i nthe

si nceri ty of the i r oppo ne nts andbe li evi n t h at they co u ld
g
be more e mci e nt i n securi ng favorab l e acti on The .

members e l e cte d we re as fo ll ow s : Joh n J C ri tte nd e n .

,

J ame s Guth ri e R K W i ll i am s A rch i e D i xon F ranci s

, . .
, ,

M B ri stow J o sh ua F Be ll C harl e s A Wi ckli fie Ge o

.
, .
, .
, .

W D unl ap Ch arl e s S M oreh ead J ame s F R o b i nso n

.
, .
, .
,

John B H uston andR obe rt R i ch ardson The co nve nt io n

. .

assemb l e d at F rankfort M a 2 7 th andco nt i nu e d i n es

y ,
s a
22 C ON F E D E RA TE JII LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

si o n unti l J une 3d
B es ide s the delegate s fro m K en .

tu ck y there w e re fo ur fro m M i sso uri H A Gamble , . .

,

W A H all J o hn B H e nde rso n andW G Pomeroy ; and

. .
, . . .

o ne fro m T e nnessee I t re sul t e d i n an addre ss to the .

peo ple o f the U ni te d St ate s and also to the peo ple of

Kentucky i n whi ch whi l e the se ctio nal tro uble s we re
,

deplo red anda strong ple a made fo r the prese rvati o n o f

,

the U ni o n the refusal o f Go ve rno r Mago fl

,
i u to furni sh
t ro o ps to the ge neral go ve rnme nt to prose cu te the ci vi l
war was endo rsed as also the po l i cy o f ne utral i ty ,
.

The legi sl ature met i n call ed se ssi o n M ay 6 th andap ,

pro pri ate d $7 5 0 0 00 to arm the Sta t e under the d i re cti o n

,

o f a m i l i t ary board co nsi sti n o f the o ve rn o r Sam u el

g g , ,

G i ll Geo T Wood Ge n Pe te r D u
, . . dley and D r J o hn B
,
. . .

Peyto n the arms to be d istri bute d e qually bet we e n the

,

St ate G u ard andsu ch home gu ards as m i ght be o rganiz e d

f o r ho me and l ocal de fe nse e xcl u si vel y b ut p ro v i d i ng ,

th at ne i the r the arm s nor the mi li ti a we re to be used

agai nst the go ve rnment o f the U ni te d S tate s no r ,

agai nst the Co nfe d erate States u nl e ss i n pro t e cti ng o u r ,

so i l agai nst law less i nvasi on i t be i ng the i ntenti on alo ne ,

t h at such arm s and muni t i o ns o f war are to be use d fo r

the so l e defe nse o f the State o f Ke ntucky On the 1 6th .

o f M aythe co mmi ttee o n F ede ral re l at i o ns i n the Hou se

o f R epre se nt at i ve s co mp osed o f Ge o B Hodge C urt i s

,
. .
.

F Bu
. rnam N at Wo l fe J o hn G Carl i sle J B Lyle
, ,
.
, . .
.

A F Go wdy R i chard T J aco b andR i ch ard A B u

. .
,
ck ner . .
,

repo rted t he fo llo w i ng reso l ut i o ns

Co nsi de ri ng the deplo rable condi t i o n o f the country
“

andf o r w hi ch the S tate o f Ke ntuck y i s i n no way re spo n

si bl e and l oo k i ng to t h e be st me a ns o f p re se rvi n th e
, g
i nternal peace and securi ng the l i ve s l i be rty andp ro p .

e rty o f the ci t i ze n s o f t he S ta te ; t he refo re ,

R e so l v e d by the H o use o f R epre se nt at i ve s th at thi s

“
, ,
S ta te and the ci t i zens the re o f sho uld tak e no p a rt i n the
ci vi l w ar no w be i ng w age d e xcept as me d i ators and ,

fri ends to the be ll i ge re nt p arti es ; and th at Ke ntucky

sh o u ld duri ng the contes t occupy the posi ti o n o f stri ct
, ,

neutrali ty .
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 23

R e so l ve d , th a t the act of the gove rno r i n refusi ng to

furni sh tr00 ps o r m i li ta ry force u n the call of the e x
e cu ti ve autho ri ty o f the U ni te d t ate s und er ex i st i ng
ci rcum stances i s approve d .

The p reamb l e was ad o pte d by yeas 8 2 na ys none ; the,

first re so l uti o n by ye as 6 9 nay s 2 6 andthe seco nd re so

, ,

l ut ie n by ye as 89 nays 4 I n accordance w i th th i s ex
, .

p ress i on and i n vi ew of the curre nt re po rts of the i ntro

ducti on of arm s by N e l so nandothe rs Go ve rno r M ago fl
, in
o n the co th o f M a i ssue d h i s procl am a t i o n anno un i ng
y c

the atti tud e of Kentucky as th at of arm e d ne utral i ty ,

noti fyi ng andw arning all other Sta tes whe the r separa te
or u ni ted and especi all y the U ni t e d States andthe Co n
,

fe de ra te State s tha t I so l em nl y forbi d any m o veme nt

,

upo n the soi l o f Ke nt ucky o r the occupa t i o n of any port

, ,

po st or p lace wha te ve r w i thi n the lawf ul boundary a nd

j uri sdi cti on of thi s Sta te by any of the forces und e r the
,

orde rs of the Sta tes afore sai d f o r any purpose whateve r ,

unti l autho ri ze d by i nvi tati o n o r perm i ssi on of the l e gi s .

l ati ve and executi ve authori ti e s of th i s State p rev i o usl y

g ra n te.d O n the fo ll ow i ng d a
y reso l uti ons were o fi e red
to i nq ui re i nto the i ntrod uct i on of F ed e ral arms i nto the
State whi ch exci te d a sp i ri te d d eb ate b ut wi thout re ach
, ,

i ng a vote the se ssi on cl ose d on th e a4th .

In contemp lati ng the att i tu d e of Kentucky as di scl ose d

by i ts re cord i t i s d
, i fi cu lt f or one no t an actor i n th o se
scenes to co mp rehe nd how su ch a statu s w as po ssi bl e

andhow the p arti sans of th e tw o co nte nd i ng powe rs the n

m arsh ali ng the i r force s f or b attl e wh i l e so wi d e l y di ff e r
,
.

ing i n thei r symp ath i e s andai m s could yet p re se nt the

,

appe arance of su ch acco rd Thi s i s to be expl ai nedby

.

the fact tha t each re gard e d the ne utrali ty o r i nacti o n o f

Kentucky from i ts geograph i cal po si t i on as ad v antageous
to the i r respe cti ve si d e s whi l e a large m ajori ty o f the
,

peop l e sti ll e nte rtai ne d a hope th at the di ff e rence s b e

tween the two secti ons could b e arrange d through the
m e diati on of Ke ntucky . Wi th Ke ntucky neutral the
24 CON F E D E RA TE AI I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

fri ends o f the South reco gnize d th at i t gave an advant age

to t hat sect i o n gre ate r than any numbe r o f t ro o ps wh i ch
she co u ld co ntri bute si nce i t guarde d se v e n h undre d
,

mi l es o f O h i o ri ve r front andmade o f the State a safe

fro nti er i n re ar o f wh i ch the a rmi e s o f the South could
organi ze free fro m m o l e sta ti o n . They al so fel t an i n
cre ase d se cu ri ty agai nst the rav age s o f w ar granti ng ,

that e ach si de wo uld act in goo d fai th i n m ai ntai ni ng the

statu s q uo ; si nce they fe l t assure d that se l f i nte rest no
l ess than e xpl i ci t pro mi se wo uld preve nt the compact
be ing vi o lated by the South e rn armi e s andbe li eve d th at
,

i f i t were bro k e n by the o th e r si de i t wo u, ld m ak e the

State practi ca ll y a u ni t i n o pposi ti o n to the N o rth On .

the o ther hand the go ve rnme nt at Washi ngto n asse nte d

to the truce f o r similar reasons ; si nce i t mad e the Te n
nesse e l i ne i nste ad o f the O h i o the li mi t o f the Sou the rn
ad v ance and ga v e ti me f o r organi z at i o n and f o r the
,

ul ti mat e o cc upa ti o n o f Kentucky whe n the ne ce ssi ty

sho u ld arise or the condi ti o ns pro ve favorabl e N o issue .

was rai sed as to e i ther the ri ght of the F e de ral tro o ps to

ente r upo n Kentucky soi l or the duty o f the Sta te to obe y
the manda te o f the F e deral go v ernme nt .

The paramount po wer o f the ce ntral auth o ri ty as

agai nst th e e x e rci se o f th e State s ri ht to d ete rmi ne
’

g
her o wn act i o n was no t se ri o usly q uesti one d andthe ,

l eadi ng U ni o n me n who afterw ard be came pro m i nent as

ci vi l and mi li tary o ffi ce rs e nfo rci ng the mo st arb i t rary

e di cts had no diffi cul ty i n ad vo ca t i ng as indeed they

, ,

ori gi nate d the doctri ne o f neutrali ty I t was i n fact a

, .
, ,

di plo m ati c stroke o n thei r part as the o nl y way of arrest

i ng t he ti de wh i ch fro m the be gi nni ng se t so stro ngly
toward the South F o r se veral m o nth s bo th parti es
.

were pl ayi ng f o r the ad vantage I t was a ski rm i sh f o r

.

po si ti o n i n whi ch the re sul t showe d th at the U ni o n pa rty

wo n It assum e d at first the speci al ch ampi o nsh i p o f
.

neutrali ty all egi ng th at i t was the su

, rest gu a ra ntee o f

peace and Operati ng o n the fears or cupidi ty o f those

,
 C ON FE D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y . 25

e cef ull y d spose d andala rme d at the dange r w h i ch w

p a i ar

would bri ng to the i r p ro pe rty I t was ab l e to carry the

.

speci al congressi o na l e l ect i ons J u ne 3 0 r86 r by e l e cti ng

, ,

ni ne o ut of te n co ngre ssme n; and i n A ugu st the Sta te

e l ect i on resul te d i n the choi ce of a l e gi slature wi th the

same e l eme nt large l y p re dom i nati ng the So uthe rn ,

R i ghts me n recogni z ing th at they hadbee n o utmaneu

ve re d andm aki ng a comparat i ve l y feeb l e co nte st .

R ecrui ti ng meanti me ha dbeen go ing o n by both si de s ,

wi th but a fe eb l e andtechni cal obse rvance of the po l i cy

of ne utrali ty The So uthern rec rui ts had go ne to the
.

arm i es of the Confe d eracy si ngl y o r i n sm all bodi e s ,

w hile a Co nfe de rate recrui ting stat i on kno wn as Camp

Boone was e stab li she d i n M o ntgome ry county Te nn , .
,

j ust south of the Kentucky li ne near C lark svi ll e The .

U ni o nists we re no l ess ac ti ve E arl y i n J ul y Lo ve ll H

. .

Ro u sse au fo rme d a c amp i n Indi ana whi ch he na me d

Ca mp Joe Hol t and re crui te d the Th i rd Ke nt ucky i n

fantry wh i l e at Camp C lay near C i nci nnati Col o ne l
, , ,

G uthri e recrui te d the F i rst and M aj W E Woodruff

, . . .

the Seco nd Ke ntucky i nf antry I n Loui svi ll e und e r the

.
,
"
name of the U ni o n C l ub
,
a secret organi z at i o n a ,

force amounti ng to:ove r o ne thousand was rai se d and

armed wi th gu ns secret l y procured from Washi ngto n
through the age ncy of L i e ut Wm N e lson andJo sh ua F
. . .

Spee d an i nti m ate pe rso nal fri e nd of M r Linco l n The

m ost e m
. .
,

ci e nt F e d eral fo rce howeve r recru

, ,i te d i n K e n
tucky at th i s ti me was o rga ni zed by Li e utenant N e l son
,

i n a qu i et way at C amp D i ck R o b i nso n i n G arrard

co u nty about thi rty fi ve m i l e s so uth of Le i ri ngto n
,
-
H is .

O pe ra ti o ns i n fact we re so ca u
, ti o usl y e ff ecte d th at i t

was no t unti l the p ub li cat i on si nce the war of the o mci al

,

reco rd s tha t the ir fu ll scope was unde rstood H o n G ar . .

rett D avi s ,
the most e x t re me U ni o ni st i n Ke nt ucky ,

la ter U ni te d States se nator was acti ve in co O pe rating

,
-

wi th N e lson i n the i ntrod ucti on of arms b ut i t was no t ,

at tha t t i me k nown th a t he w as w o rk i ng di rect l y u nde r

26 C ON F E D E R A TE AIILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the or ders war depart me nt a t Wash ingto n In

of the .

Vo l I V R eb e ll i o n R e co rd s p age 2 5 1 app e ars the fol

.
, , ,

l o wing l e tte r fro m the adj uta nt ge ne ral o f the army -

,

whi ch fully e xplai ns the se cre t pl ans o f the Fe deral ad

m i ni strati o n to gain posse ssi o n o f K e ntucky
A dj ut ant Ge ne ral s O fi ce
’
-
.

Wash i ngt o n D 0 July 1 1 86 1 , .

, , .

Li e ut Wm N e lson U S N
. .
, . . .
,

C i nci nna t i O h i o , .

Sir — Yo u r se rvi ce s h a vi ng be e n pl ace d at the di spo sal

o f the w ar d e p art me nt f o r th e pe rfo rm ance o f a sp eci al
duty the se cret ary of war di re cts me to co mmuni ca te to
,

yo uthe fo llow i ng i nstru cti o ns : It be ing the fix e d pur

po se o f the gene ral go ve rnm ent to ma i nta i n the Co nsti tu
ti o n andex e cute the l aws o f the U ni o n andto pro te ct all
loyal ci ti ze ns i n the i r co nsti t uti o nal ri ghts the secretary ,

di re cts th at you muste r i nto the se rv i ce o f the U ni ted

S ta t e s five regi me nts of i nfantry andone o f ca val ry i n
East Te nne sse e and o ne re gi me nt o f i nfant ry i n We st
T enne ssee to re ce i ve p
, ay w he n calle d i nto acti ve servi ce
by th i s de part me nt Yo uwi ll d esi gna te the regi me ntal
.

andco m an o ffi ce rs h avi n
y du e re s e ct f o r
p
the re gi ments angcompani es and
,

e nce s o ,

names to th i s o ffi ce f o r co mmi ssi o ns T he o rdnance .

b ure au wi ll fo rward to Ci nci nnati O h i o stand o f , ,

arm s and accou terme nts si x pi ece s o f fie ld art i lle ry two

, ,

smoo th and tw o ri fl e bo re canno n andtw o mo u ntai n

ho wi tzers andam le supp li e s o f ammuni t i o n to be carri ed
th e nce thro ugh £e ntucky i nto E ast Te nnessee i n such ,

manner as yo u may di rect fo r d i stri buti o n among the ,

me n so muste red i nt o servi ce and o rgani z e d as U ni on

H o me Guards Yo u wi ll also at the same ti me muste r
.

i nto the se rvi ce o r de si gnate some sui tabl e p e rso n to do so

i n so uth e ast Ke ntu ck y th ree re gi me nts o f i nfant ry to be .

co mmand ed and o fii ce re d i n the same m anner as here in

'

the Te nne ssee re gi me nts A ll o f the re g .

sa i d w i ll be ra ise d f o r se rvi ce i n E as t and

We st Te nne sse e andadj ace nt co unt i e s i n E ast Kentucky .

Blank m uste r ro ll s andthe usual i nstruct i o ns to m uste r

i ng o ffi cers wi ll be se nt to you fro m thi s cfii ce andi n ,

c arryi ng o u t th is orde r yo u are au thori ze d t o employ

su ch servi ce a nd u se su ch me ans as yo uma d ee m e x
y
p e di e nt an d p r ope r f o r i ts fa i thf ul e x e cuti on Yo u wi ll .
 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 27

li ke wi se report f reque ntly to th i s o fii ce as yo up rogre ss

I a m si r ,
e tc ,

T H O M AS A dj utant Ge ne ral
L .
,
-
.

On the 1 4th of J u l y 1 86 1 N e l son i n a l ette r from Ci n

, ,

ci a na ti repo rte d wh at h adbee n d o ne tow ard ca rry i ng o u t

the fore go i ng i nst ructi ons He sai d th at h e hadappo i nt .

ed S p ee d S Fry o f D anvi ll e to be co l o ne l of the F i rst

.
, ,

re gi me nt of i nfantry i n the p ropo se d e x pe d i ti o n to Te n

nesse e ; Theoph i l u s T G arrard of C l ay county co l o ne l

.
, ,

of the Second ; Thom as E B ram l ette of A dai r co unty .

, ,

co l one l of the Thi rd ; andF rank Wol ford of C asey co u nty ,

to be l i e utenant col one l of the cavalry re gi me nt author

-

i zed re se rvi ng the col one l cy f o r W J L and ram who

, . .
,

se rve d i n a cav al ry re gi me nt d u ri ng th e war wi th M ex i co .

He state d al so th at runne rs hadbee n st arte d in all di re c

ti o ns and th at th irty comp ani es of i nfantry andfive of
,

ca v al ry wo u ld soo n be rai se d andth at he would m uste r ,

i n the comp ani es no won d u ty i mme di ate l y Thus i t w i l l .

be seen th at al most two month s before the all ege d vi o l a

ti on of the ne utral i ty of Ke ntucky by the occup ati o n of
Co lumbus by the Confe de rate fo rce s und er Gene ral Po lk ,

wh i ch was mad e the pretex t of the occup ati o n of the

State by the F ede ral powe r the gove rnme nt at W as h ,

i ngto n had i tse l f i n the most form al andd i rect m anne r

vi ol ate d the agreement und e r ci rcum sta nces wh i ch
stro ngl y i mp l y th e co nmvance and concu rre nce of the

very U ni on l ea de rs who had ad vocate d the d oct ri ne of

ne utral i ty andp l e d ge d th em se l ve s andthe St ate to m ai n
tai n i t .

The Southern R i ghts me n reali z ing th at they hadbee n ,

o ve rre ach ed he ld a p ri vate co nfere nce i n Scott co u

,
nty
o nSu nd ay the 1 8thd
,
ayof A u u
g t r86 r a t the re si d e nce o f
s , ,

R omu l us P ayne E sq to co nsi d e r wh at was to b e do ne nu

, .

der the ci rcum stance s There we re p re se nt Go ve rnor M a

.

g o fli na nd twe nty seve n of- the l e a di ng m en of the p arty

from many p arts of the State A fte r f ull di scussi o n and .

28 CON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wi t hout any proposal s f o r resiste nce by fo rce o f arm s i t ,

was reso lved to send co mm issi o ners to Wash i ngto n and

R i ch mo nd to asce rtai n whethe r o r no t the ne utrali ty o f
Ke ntucky would be re spe cte d al so to cal l a conve nt i o n
,

l oo k ing to the preservati o n o f peace i n Ke ntucky to b e ,

he ld at Frank fort o n the 9tho f Septe mbe r I n acco rd .

ance wi th the re co mme ndati o n of th e co nfe rence wi th in ,

a f e wd ays Go verno r M ago fl i n appo i nte d Ge orge W J o hn .

so n of Sco tt cou
, nty commi ssi o ner to R i ch mo nd and
, ,

F rank K H unt andW A D u

. . . dl ey well knownU ni onme n
,
o

o f Le xi ngt on co mm i ssi o ners to Wash

,
i ngto n .

The lette r borne by M r J o hnso n to Presi de nt D avi s

.
,

andthe repl y o f the Pres i de nt he re i ntro du ce d are to be ,

found i n R ebe lli o n R ecords Vol I V pages 3 7 8 3 96

, .
. ,
.

Commo nwe al th o f Ke ntucky

—
,

F rankfo rt A u g ,
1 86 1 . .

d at e no t gi ve n b u abo u t the 2 0 th
! t .

D avi s Ri chmond Va :
, ,

Si nce the co mme nce me nt o f the unh a p y did i

cu l tice yet pe ndi ng i n t he country the pe o ple o f e ntucky
h ave i ndi cate d a stea dfast d esire andpurpose to m ai ntai n
po i ti n f t i t n e u tr a li ty bet we n the be ll i e re nt
p arti es The y h av e alre ady stri ven by thei r pogey to
a s o o s r c e
.

ave rt fro m them sel ves the calami ty o f w ar andprote ct

the i r o wn so i l from the p rese nce o f co nte nding arm i es .

U p to th i s pe ri o d they ha v e e nj o ye d co mparati ve tran

quill i ty ande nti re do me sti c pe ace R e ce ntly a mi l i tary
.

force has bee n e nli ste d and quartere d by the U ni te d

Sta tes autho ri ti es wi th i n thi s State I have o n thi s d
. ay
addresse d a com mu ni ca ti on anddi spa t ched co mm i ssi o ne rs
to the Pre si de nt of the U ni t e d S tate s u rgi ng the removal
o f these troo ps from the so i l o f Ke ntu ck y andth u s exert
i ng myse l f to carry o ut the wi ll o f the pe0 p ple i n the m ai n
t onane s o f a neut ral t i o n The peop le of thi s State
.

de si re to b e free fro m t e prese nce of the so ldi ers of ei ther

be ll i ge re nt and to th at e ndmy e fi o rts are no wdirected
,
'
.

A ltho ugh I h ave no re ason to p resu me th at the go vern

me nt o f the Co nfederate S tates co ntemplate s or h ave ever
p urpo sed any vi o lati on o f the neutral at ti tude thus as .

su me d by K e ntucky there se em s to be so me uneasi ness

,

fe l t am o ng the peo pl e o f so me po rti o ns o f the State oc

 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y
'

. 29

casi o n e db the co llecti o n o f bodi e s of tro o ps alo ng the

So tu h e r n ro n ti e.r I n o r d e r to q u i et thi s app rehe nsio n
andt o se cu re to the peo p l e th e i r ch e ri sh e d object o f pe a ce ,

thi s c o mmunicati o n i s to repre se nt the facts ande li ci t an

au tho r i tati ve assurance that the governme nt O f the Co n
feder a te States wi ll co nt inue to re spe c t a ndo b se rve the
posi ti o n i nd i cated a s assumed by Ke nt uck y .

V e ry respe ct full y yo ur o be di e nt se rv ant

, ,

.B M a c o rrm .

Ri chm o nd A u , g 2 8 1 86 1
.
, .

Hon B Magofii n Go ve rnor o f Ke nt u ck

I h ave re ce i ve d your l ette r i ny
. .
,

Si r o rmi ng me that

si n c e th e co mm e nce me nt o f the u nh appy di ffi cu l t i e s yet

pendi n g i n the co untry t he pe o pl e o f K e nt uck y h ave i n .

d i cate d a ste adfast d e si re and purpo se to ma i ntai n a p o si

"
ti ono f st ri ct ne ut ral i ty betwee n the be ll i ge re nt parti e s .

I n the same co m muni ca t ion yo u e xpres s y o ur d e si re to

el ici t
‘
a n au thori ta t i ve assura nce tha t the go vernme nt o f
th e C o nfed e rate St a t es w i ll co nt i nu e to re spe ct and o b .

se rve t he ne u tral po si t io n of K e ntuck y .

In r e ply to yo u r re q uest I l o se no ti me i n assuri ng

you th a t the go ve rnment o f the Co nfede rate S ta tes o f
Ameri c a ne i the r i nte nds no r de si res to di stu rb the
ne u tra l i ty o f Ke ntucky The asse mblage o f t roo ps i n
.

Tenne s s e e to whi ch yo u re fe r had no o t he r o bj e ct th an

to repe l the l aw less i nva si on o f that State by the fo rces
o f th e U ni ted S tate s sho uld the i r go ve rnm e nt a tte mpt
,

to ap p r o ac h i t th ro u gh K e n t uc ky w i th o ut re spe ct f o r i ts
p o s i ti o n o f n e u tra l i ty
. T h a t su ch app reh e nsi o ns we re no t

grou ndl e ss has b een pro ved by the co u rse o f tha t go v

crame n t i n M ary land and M i sso u ri andm o re rece ntl y i n
Kentuc k y i tse l f i n wh i ch as yo ui nfo rm me
, , a m i l i tary
,
“

force has been e nl i ste d and quartere d by the U ni te d

States a utho ri ti e s "
.

The g o ve rnme nt o f the C o nfe de ra te State s has no t o nl y

respe ct e d m ost scru pul o usly the ne utrali ty o f K e nt ucky ,

bu t h as co nti nu e d to m ai ntai n the f ri e ndly re l at i o n o f

trade and i nterco urse whi ch i t has suspe nde d wi th the
people o f the U ni ted St a te s ge ne rally I n vi e wo f the .

hi sto ry o f the past i t can scarce l y be nece ssary to assure

,

your e x c ell ency th at the g o ve rnme nt o f the Co nfe d e rat e

State s wi ll co nti nue to res pe ct the ne ut ral i ty o f K e ntucky
80 l o n as h e r pe o pl e w i l l m ai nt ai n i t them se l ve s B u t
g .

neut rali ty to b e e nti tl e d to re spe ct m ust be s t ri ctl y ma i n .

30 CONF E D E R A TE AI ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ta i ne d betwe en bo th part i e s ; o r if the doo r b e O pene d o n

the o ne si de to a ggre ssi o n o f o ne o f the be lli ge re nt p art ie s
upo n the o th er i t o ught no t to be sh ut to the assai led
,

whe n they se e k to e nt e r i t f o r purpo se s o f se lf de fe nse -

.

I do no t h o weve r f o r a mome nt be l i eve th at yo ur gal

. ,
.

l ant St ate will snfi e r i ts so i l to b e use d f o r the p urpo se o f

gi vi ng an advantage to those who vi o l ate i ts ne u trali ty
anddi sre gard i ts ri ghts o v e r th o se w ho re spect the m bo th .

I n concl u si o n I te nde r to yo u r E x ce ll e ncy the assu r

ance of my h i gh co nsi de rati o n and re gard andam si r , , ,

Ve ry re spe ctfull y yo urs e tc , .

,

J EF F ERSO N D a vi s .

The letters whi ch passed betwee n Go ve rno r M ago ffin

and Presi de nt L i ncol n we re no t si mi larl y p u bl i she d b ut ,

the su bstance o f M r Li nco ln s repl y was th at the fo rce

.
’

ra i se d by Li e u tenant N elso nconsi ste d e x cl usi vel y o f K e n

tucki ans andw as rai se d at the u rge nt so li ci ta ti on o f K e n

tu cki ans T h . e R e si de nt adde d

" Taki ng all me ans to fo rm
,

a ju dgme nt I do no t be li eve i t i s the po pular w ish o f Ken

,

tuck y tha t th is fo rce shall be re mo ved b eyo nd he r li mi ts ,

"
andw i th th is i mpressi o n I must d e cl i ne to so re mo v e i t .

The resul t of thi s e ff o rt to sav e the Stat e fro m the rav

a ge s o f w ar confirme d the w o rst fe ars o f the So u the rn
me n andcorre spondi ngl y e l ate d the U ni o ni sts who th rew ,

o ff all d i sgu i se andad voca ted the occupati o n of the State

by F e d e ral troo ps O n the 1 stho f August by ge ne ral
.
,

o rde rs N o m adj u e ne ral s o fii ce at W ash

'
5 7 f ro
. the ,
tan t g
-

i ngto n Ke ntucky andTe nne sse e hadbeen made to co n

,

sti tu te the D ep artment o f the C umbe rl and a nd Ge n , .

R o be rt A nde rso n was assigne d to i ts co mmand ( R e

be ll io n R e co rds Vo l IV p age , .
,
a nd w i th in a sh o rt
ti me i t be cam e e vi de nt that the cri si s was ne ar at hand .

The Pe ace conv e nt i o n ca ll e d by the So u the rn Ri ghts

le ade rs was held at F rankfo rt o n the 9th and xo thof Sep
te mbe r 1 86 : b ut re sul ted o nl y in the ado pti o n of re sol u
,

ti ons de plo rmg the unnatural war advoca ti ng stri ct ,

ne u tral i ty favo ri ng the di spe rsi ng o f the F ed eral camps i n

,

the State ande xp re ssi ng re adi ne ss when th a t was do ne

,

to assi st i n e nforci n the re mo v al o f the T e nnesse e ans

g
 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 31

from our borde rs F or i n the me ant i me besi d e s the

.
,

pre se nce of N e l so n s fo rce a t C amp D i ck R o bi nso n Ge n

'
,

eral Pol k hado nthe 3rdo ccupi ed Col umb us and Ge ne ral ,

Grant o n the sthP aduca h The l e gi sl ature o f Ke nt ucky .

,

wh i ch al so met abo ut th i s t i me, di re cte d the gove rnor to

i nform tho se co nce rne d th at Ke ntucky expe ct s the Co m
fede rate o r Te nne ssee t r00 p s to be w i th d raw n f rom he r
soi l unco nd i ti onall y ando n the 1 8thfo rme rl y req u
,
e ste d
Ge neral Ande rson whom the reco rd s show to h ave e x e r
,

ci se dth at fu nct i on f o r seve ral wee ks to take i nstant com ,

m and and expe l the i nv ade rs Ge n George H Thom as . . .

had o n the xo th bee n assi gne d to the com mand of camp

D i ck R obi nso n i n the fo ll owi ng o rd e r

H ead quarters D epartme nt of the C umbe rl and ,

Lo ui svi ll e Ky Septembe r re 1 86 1 , .
, , .

Speci al O rd ers N o 3 . .

I B ri g G e n Geo H Thom as h aving reporte d f or

,
-
. . .

d uty wi ll re pai r to Camp D i ck R o bi nso n andw i ll assume

, ,

co mm and of the b ri gad e o rgani ze d the re Li e ute nant .

N e l so n U S N avy who has do ne su

, . . ch goo d se rv i ce to
,

the cause of the U ni on by the ze al andunti ri ng e ne rgy

he has di spl aye d i n p rovi d i ng andd i stri but i ng arm s to
the U ni on men of Ke nt ucky andi n colle ct ing ando rgan
i zi ng troops at C am p D i ck R ob i nson wi ll acc ept the ,

th ank s of the b ri gadi e r ge neral co mmandi n who wi ll -

be p l ease d to se e Li e ute nant N e l son andco n e r wi th hi m

i n refe re nce to fu rthe r ac t i o n he may be ch arge d wi t h i n
th i s dep artme nt .

By o rd e r of B ri g G e n Ande rso n - . .

C B T unoc xuo nr o n A ct i ng Ai d e de camp

. .
,
- -
.

Li e u te nant N e l son wi th in a few week s was assi gne d to

comm and i n easte rn Ke nt ucky as b ri gad i er ge ne ral -
.

I t req u i re d b ut o ne mo re move to i nau gura te w ar i n

Ke nt ucky The re hadb ee n no act e i the r by the autho r
.

i ti es of the State o r of the Southe rn symp ath izers wh i ch

could be construed as an act of war The re hadbee n no .

recru i ti ng camps wi th in he r bord e rs e x cept those e st ab ,

li shed b y N e lson and wh i l e m any Ke ntucki ans hade u

,

teredthe servi ce of the So u thern Co nfe d e racy the re had ,

bee n a scrup ul ou s absti ne nce fro m any act wh i ch w o u ld

32 C ON F ED ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

vi ol ate Ke ntuck y s att i t ude o f ne utral i ty They we re

’
.
,

ho w e ve r no ne the l es s pl ai n spo k e n as shown by the

,
-
,

spe e ch e s andre sol u tions o f the Pe ace conve nti o n held at

the capi tal o n the 9thandro th o f Septembe r Thei r ve ry .

fo rbearance f rom the co mmi ssionof o v e rt acts exaspe rated

the U ni o n l eade rs who wi she d a pre te xt f or ex tre me
,

measure s H avi ng no ground f or arrest s they be ganthem

.

at any rate the first vi cti m s be i ng ex Go v Charles

,
-
.

S M o rehe ad andCol R T D u
. rret t of Lo u
. i svi lle w
. . ho o n , , ,

the ni ght o f the 1 8th o f Se pte mbe r 1 86 1 we re d ragged , ,

from t h e ir be ds andwi thout warrant o r ch arge prefe rred

agai nst them we re carri e d across the O h
,
i o i nto I nd i ana ,

andthe nce se nt e ast andi mpri so ne d i nF o rt Warre n B os ,

to n h arbo r N e x t day u
. nde r the fal se p rete x t th at the
,

So uthernme n we re go i ng to se i ze Le x i ngto n b u t h avi ng ,

rea ll y i n vi e w th e arrest o f e x Vi ce Pre si d ent J o hn C - o

.

Breck i nri dge ando the r promi nent Southe rn me n qui e tl y

at th e i r home s Col Tho mas E B ram l ette wi th hi s re g
, . .
,
~

i m cnt the n at Camp D i ck R ob inso n m arche d f o r Le x

, ,

i ngton and t oo k po sse ssi o n o f that place at m i d ni gh t o r

sh o rt l y the re afte r B ut Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge hadbeen
.

appri se d o f th i s p urpo se ande arl y i n the eve ni ng l eft f o r

.

R i ch mo nd vi a Pres to nsburg a ndPound gap A nu mbe r o f .

othe r p ro mine nt South ern me n as Ge n Wi lli am Presto n , .

,

Geo rge W J o hnso n Ge o rge B Hod ge andW i lli am E

.
, .
,
.

Si mm s l eft at the same t i me to avo i d arrest o n the one

,

h and and the i naugurati on o f ci vil war at the i r o wn

thre sh o lds on the o the r Th us was the lo ng b y pl ay wh i ch
.
-

had be e n carri e d o n by and bet ween the U ni o ni st s o f

Ke ntuck y and the Fede ral auth o ri ti es f o r five mo nths
term i nate d i n a m anne r whi ch i f i t hadno t bee n the pre
l ud e o f so m uch wo e wo uld h ave be e n farci cal T he h and .

wh i ch had bee n glo ved i n vel vet was suddenl y reveal e d ,

mai le d i n steel and i nsti gated to stri k e the bl o wby the

sp i ri t of a l o ng pent u p venge ance T he do gs o f war
-
.

we re turne d loose m ak i ng fl i ght o r i mpri sonme nt the al

,

te rnati ve o f th ose w ho wo uld no t b o wbe fo re t he vi o l e nce

thus e nthro ne d .
 C HA PTER III .

F IRST CO N F ED ERA T E TR OO PS FO R T H E CO NF E D
—
B RA TE AR MY C AMP BO O N E —G E N E R A L S B B U C K . .

N E R —O F F ER O F F ED E RA L CO MM AN D D EC L IN E D
G EN E RAL ALB E RT SID N EY J O H N STO N —ASSIG N M E N T
TO CO MMAN D —O C C U PATI O N O F BO WLIN G G R E E N
—
B Y G E N E R AL B U CKN E R G EN E RA L ZO LLICO F F E R
AT C U M B E RLAN D GAP—G E N E RA L PO LK H O LD S
LEFT WI N G A T CO LU M B US F E D E RAL AD VAN CE —
—
FR O M LO UISVILL E J O H N H M O R G A N G EN E RAL —
—
.

SH ER MA N SU CC E E D S G E N E RAL AN D ERSO N HI S
VI E WS AS TO LAR G E FO R C E N E ED E D CO N D E MN E D
-
REPO R T O F A D JU TAN T-G EN E RAL T HO M AS O N
TH E S IT U ATIO N —
WAR M U ST B E CARR IE D TO
SO UT H E RN F I R ES I D ES G E N E RA L S H ER MAN
SUPE RSE D ED BY G E N E RAL B U E LL F IRST E N —
G AG E M E N T IN K E NTU CKY—OTH ER M O VEM E NTS
CO N F E D ER AT E O R GAN IZATI O N AT BO WL I N G
G RE E N KE NTU CKY CO MMAND S THE I R H ISTO RY —
IN D ET AIL

e vi ce the State f o r s r

two compani e s from

f C apts B e n A nd e r .

sonandF re dVan O ste n They embarkedo na ste ame r f or

.

N e wO rl e ans A pri l 2 0 x86 r A t Co l u

, , . mbus they w ere
joinedby Capt J ack Thompson s company andbecame
.
'
,

the Thi rd Ke ntucky battali o n under command of Capt

, .

And erson who w

, as a grad u a te of West Po i nt O n the .

a thof A ri l a company u nd er Capt Joseph D esha from

s p . .

H arri son county and thre e compani es from Loui svi ll e

,

under Ca pts Joh n D Po pe J B H arvey andM La

. .
, . . .

pi elle lef t Lo ui svill e f o r N ashvi ll e

,
They numbe re d .

abou t three hu ndre d me n A t N ashvi ll e the y we re

.

joi ne d by two compani es from so uthwe st Ke ntucky

u nder Captai ns E d w ard Crossland and B rownson and ,
84 CON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

procee d ed to Harpe r s F erry The compani es o f Captai n'

.

Pope who was a vete ran o f the Mexi canwar andCaptai n

, ,

D e sha we re formed i nto a ba ttal i on of ri fl

,
e sh arpshooters -

under Captai n Pope who was m ade m aj or The other , .

compani es consti tu te d a battali o n under M ajor B lanton

Du ncan o f Lou i svi ll e who hadbe en acti ve i n assi sti ng to
, ,

rai se those from th at ci ty They were assi gned to the .

bri gad e o f Ge neral Bartow of Georgi a who was kille d at , ,

the battle o f Bull R un Pope s andD uncan s battali ons .

’ ’

are reporte d i n the retu rn of the army of the Sh en an

doah Ge n Joseph E J o hnston s di vi si on J une 3 0
, . .
’
, ,

1 86 1. A nu mber o f o ther compani e s were tendered b ut ,

owi ng to the lack of arms the Confe derate gove rnment

was compe lled to de cline f or the ti me any more recrui ts .

I t was therefo re deeme d best to estab li sh a camp to

gani zati on an d dri ll unti l such ti me as arms andequi p

ment could be furni shed In defe re nce to the neutrali ty .

then i n O perati on 9 l oca ti on w as secure d i n Tennessee o ff

.

the line o f the M e mph i s branch of the Lou i svill e and

N ashvi ll e rai lroad j u st sou th of the boundary li ne b e
,

tween Kentucky and Te nnessee and abo ut ei ght mi les ,

from Guthri e Ky Thi s recrui ti ng stati o n was named

, .

Camp Boone andhere w as organi ze d du

,
ri ng the su mmer
the nucl eus o f the famous bri gade o f i nfantry known du r

i ng the war and sti ll desi gnate d as the Orphan B ri

“

gad e . Co l Phi l Lee M aj J W Hewe tt Co l R obert

. .
, . . .
,
.

A J o hnso n Ge n Thom as H Tayl or and Col Wi lli am

.
, . . .

Preston J o hnston were amo ng the most acti ve i n recru it

i ng co mp ani es i n Lou i svi ll e The first th ree be came .

the Second regi ment whi l e the last two were

o ffi ce rs o f
,

made respe cti ve ly the colone l andl i e utenant col one l o f -

the Fi rst regi ment forme d o f the compani es referre d to

,

as havi ng gone to Vi r i ni a i n A pri l of w hi ch regi ment

g ,

C aptai nCrossland became major Thi s re gi ment was the .

first of any organi zed body o f Kentu cki ans to see a cti ve
servi ce parti ci pati ng i n the afi ai r at D ranesvill e andre
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 85

cei vi ngh o norab l e menti onfrom the comm andi ng general .

I n the fo ll ow i ng spri ng i t d i sband e d by exp i ra ti on of the

term of enl i st me nt wh ere upon the men joi ne d Ke ntucky
,

command s nearer home The comm ands e nume rate d and

.

those subseq u e ntl y organi ze d were raise d by i ndi vi dual

Kentucki ans who bore the expense ex cept as to arms
, , ,

whi ch were furni she d by the Co nfe d erate gove rnment .

Great exaggerati on has bee n i nd ul ge d i n by the charge

the organi ze d com pani es of the Kentucky State Guard

and tha t they took ou t wi th them the Sta te s gu
'
ns .

Whi l e i t ma y be true tha t of the large numb e r of men

who we nt South fro m Kentucky no record of whom ex ,

i sts there were many who hadbee nmembers of the Sta te

,

G uard and a f ew i nstances i n whi ch a company i n

whol e o r part w e nt o ut wi th thei r arms the number was ,

small and many ti mes o verbalance d b y th e nu mber of

Fe d eral gu ns sent from W ashi ngton du ri ng the peri o d of
neutrali ty It was at one ti me co mmon to charge tha t
.

Ge n S B B u
. . ckner who i n M ay 1 86 1 wh en the legi sla
.
, , ,

tu re reso lve d to p ut the State i n an atti tude o f defense ,

had bee n appo inte d by the go vernor i nspector ge neral -

,

haduse d hi s o fi ci al posi ti on to i nduce the State Guardto

was who ll y false Gene ral B uckne r exerte d all his e ner
.

g i es i n go o d fai th to obey the wi ll of the l e gi sla tu re and

to preserve the p eace and neutrali ty of the State To .

hi s j udi ci ous acti on andhis wi se co unse l Ke nt ucky owed i n

gre at measu re i ts temporary exempti o n from tro u bl e .

B y conference wi th Gen George B M cClellan who co m

. .
,

manded the de partment e mbraci ng O h i o andweste rn

Vi rgi nia B uckne r se cure d hi s coo perati oni nmai ntaini ng
,

the obser vance of K entu cky s ne u trality In J ul y he

'
.

was sent by Governor M ago ffin to confer wi th Presi d ent

Li ncoln andre ce i ve d what he thought amp l e assu
, rance

on th e same su bject ; b ut late r find ing out tha t arms were

b e ing i ntro d uce dandrecru i ts rai se d wi th in the Sta te whi le
88 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TARY H I S TOR Y .

Kentucky was made i mpote nt to e nfo rce he r ne utrali ty ,

he resi gnedhi s po si ti o n andas a p ri vate ci tize n o bse rved

,

hi s o bli gati ons andd uti es as such I t was well k nown to .

hi s fri ends that ove rture s were mad e to hi m by Ge n Wi n .

fie ld Scott co mm ander in ch i ef to e nter the F ede ral army

,
- -

wi th rank only se cond to huse lf In the fo urth vo lume

,

o f the R ebell i o n R eco rd s page 2 5 5 wi ll b e fo u

, nd the f ol
,
.

l o wi ng l etter from Presi dent Li ncoln desi gned to tempt ,

Buckner i nto F ederal mi l i tary servi ce :

E xecu t i ve M ansi o n A ugust 1 7 1 86 1 , , .

H on Secreta ry o f War :
.

M D ear Si r : U nl e ss there be re aso n to the co ntrary

no t no wn to me make o ut a co m mi ssi o n f or Si mo n B
,
.

Buck ner o f Kentuck y as a bri gadi e r ge neral o f vo lan

, ,
-

tee rs I t i s to be put i n the hands o f Ge neral A nd erson

.

andde li vere d to General Bu ckne r o r no t at the di screti o n

o f Ge neral A nde rson Of cou
. rse thi s i s to b e mad e a
se cret u nless andu nti l the co mmi ssi o n i s d e li ve re d .

You rs M
A E me o w
.

. .

Su ch commi ssi ons, as we ll as contracts fo r beef , m u les

and o the r army su ppli e s, we re successfull y used abo ut
thi s ti me , b ut Gene ral Buckner was proof agai nst such
b landi shments He went to R i chmond later, b ut de cli ned
.

a si mi l ar o ffer o f rank pend i ng the neutrali ty of Kentucky,

andd i d not e nte r the Co nfederate servi ce unti l all h o pe
o f sta yi ng the w ar i n K e nt ucky h adli ed ,
andthe Sta te

l egisl ature had invi ted General Anderso n to take co m

mand H e the n fo llowed the di ctates of hi s consci ence
.

rath e r th an i nte rest . The i ni ti al o pe rati ons i n Ken

tucky ce nte r so m uch o n Gene ral B uckner, andhe was so
consp i cu ous in the se rvi ce duri ng the war that i t has bee n
dee me d p roper for a be tter understandi ng o f the si tuati on
pe ndi ng hostili ti es, as we ll as fo r Ge ne ral Buck ne r s vin ’

di cati o n, to gi ve the detai ls here narrated .

O n the ro th d ayo f Se pte mbe r, A l bert Si dney J o h nston,

who hadi nApri l precedi ng, upon hearing of the se ce ssion

of Te xas, resi gne d hi s commi ssi on i n the old m y and
 CON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 87

the command of the d ep artme nt of the Paci fic at San

Franci sco to o fi e r h
, is sword to the S tate to whi ch he fe l t
he owe d paramount duty—was assi gne d to command
b y the Confederate go vernm ent H e hadat the age of
.

nearl y si xty years cro ssed the d ese rt on horseb ack a ,

journey of seve nteen h undre d mi l e s to Austi n Te n , ,

and from there h ad gone to Ri chmond The followi ng .

i s the ord er of assi gnment

Spec i al Ord ers, N o . 1 49 .

R i chmond, Va , September t o , 1 86 1
. .

14
. Ge n Albe rt Si d
. ney Johnsto n, C S A rmy, i s as . .

si gne d to the command o f d epartme nt N o 2 , w h i ch will .

hereafter embrace the Sta te s o f Tennessee , Ark ansas and

tha t part of the Sta te of Mi ssi ssi pp i we st of the N e wO r
l eans, J ack son andG rea t N orthern andCe ntral rai lroad ;
also th e m i l i tary ope rat i ons i n Kentu cky , M i ssouri , K an
sas andthe I ndi an cou ntry i mme di ate l y we st of M M u ri
andA rkan sas He wi ll repai r to M emph i s, Te nn , and
.

assu me co mm and, fixi ng hi s he adquarte rs at such

'

nt

fl dgment wi ll be st se cure the purposes 0 the

as i n hi s u
'

commanc
By command of the Secretary of War .

Jo a n Wi r nsas, Asst A dj . .

At that da te Ge ne ral B uckne r was no t i n the se rvi ce ,

but afte r the occupa ti on of Col umbu s K y by Ge ne ral

, .
,

Po lk he hadvi si te d th at p l ace ande nd eavore d to se cure the

,

wi th draw al of the Co nfe d e ra te t roop s Th i s Ge neral Pol k

.

decli ned all e gi ng numerous i nstances i n wh ich the F e d

,

erals h advi o la ted the ne u tral i ty of Ke ntucky ; b ut agre e d

to wi th draw hi s forces p rovi de d the t roops of the F e d e ral
gove rnme n t w er e si m ul ta n eo u sl y w i th d r a w n wi th a ,

m utual guarantee that no p art of Kentucky should be oc

cu pi e d i n the fu t ure H i.s e ff o rts we re fu t i l e andeve nts

O n the of Se p tember Ge neral Johnston having

1 5 th , ,

arri ved i n N ash vi ll e whi ch he hadse l ecte d as hi s hea d

,

qu a rte rs as
,sum e d comm and of h i s d ep artme nt O n th e .

sam e d ay he not i fie d the Pre si d ent at R i chmond th a t he

88 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

hadappointed General Buckner a bri gadi er gene ral sub ject -

to app roval General B uckner was assi gned to the com

.

m and o f the forces then organizi ng at Camp Trousdale

and CM p Bo one and o n the same d ,
ay di recte d to co n

centrate h i s forces f or the occupati on of Bo wl ing Green .

Acco rd i ngl y on the 1 8thof September Gene ral B u

,
ck ner ,

to ok possessi on of Bowling G re enwi th 4 sec i nfantry and , ,

sent forward an ad vance o f see me n to occu py Munfo rd

vi lle the po i nt at wh i ch the Loui svi ll e 8: N ashvi ll e rai l
,

road crosses Gree nri ver Ge neral Zo lli co fie r h avi ng pre

'

fanse was thus established wi th Col umbus as the l eft

, ,

B o wli ng Gree n the center andC u mberland G apthe ri ght .

Th i s w as a li ne w hi ch from the to pography of the cou n

try pre se nte d m any seri ou s di ffi cul ti es the re bei ng no ,

di rect co mmuni cati on by rai l be twee n the center and

the fo rce s B ut i n addi ti on to th ese obstacl es the actual

.

numbe r o f troo ps w as who ll y i nade qu ate Ge neral Po lk s ’

.

co mm and ,
numbering about ro o o o was confronte d by, ,

Gene ral Grant at Paducah Cai ro ando n the east si de of

, ,

the M i ssi ssi ppi wi th a large force e mbrace d i n the

, ,

Western department commanded by Ge neral Fremont ;

General B uckner at Bowli ng Gre en had l ess th an
, ,

wi th a fo rmi dabl e force collecti ng in his front from

Lou i svi ll e ; and Gene ral Zo lli cofi e r at o r ne ar Cumber
'

land G ap hadabout
, of all arms i n a country scant
o f su ppl i e s andwi th no rai lroad base nearer th an Kno x
vi lle Threateni ng hi m was Gen Geo H Thomas wi th
. . . .

a mu ch large r force w e ll equ ippe d andcompose d in great

,

part o f me n fami liar wi th the co untry .

On the ni ght of September 1 7 th the d ay befo re Ge neral

,

B uckner occupi ed Bo wli ng Green Ge neral R ousseauhad ,

wi th z o o o me n crossed from Indi ana to Loui svi ll e and

, ,

the next day he move d i n the di recti on of Bowli ng Gree n

wi th an e qual numbe r o f home guards ; whi ch body was
soon re i nforwdby other troops thu s increasi ng th
, e num
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 39

her of Fede ral ar ms tol arge l y i n exce ss of the

a f orce
Co nfed e rate forces and rend eri ng the latte r s ad vance ’

north of G reen ri v er who ll y i mpracti cab l e O n the ni gh t .

o f Septe mber 1 9th Co l one l B raml ette w

, i th a re gi ment ,

from Camp D i ck R obinson hadas here to f ore sta te d oc

,
»

cu p i ed L e x i ngton whi l e f
,ro m Ci n ci nna t i F e d eral tr00 ps
were thro wn f orward in the same di re cti on andthe o ccu
pe ti o n of Kentucky b y the contendi ng armi es becam e
comp l ete al ong the line s i ndicat e d .

On the ni ght of the zo th Capt John H M organ of . .

,

Le xi ngto n evad
, e d th e vi gi l ance of the F e d eral fo rces and

left th at p la ce f or the Sou th wi th a small body of

,

mou nte d men w hi ch became the nucl e u s of h i s ce l e

b rate dcommand He hadse rve din the M e xi canwar whe n
.

bare ly of age i n Ge ne ral Marshall s cavalry re giment

,
’
,

and h ad co m e ou t of i t a li e utenant Whe n the present .

crisi s came he was qui etl y e ngage d as a manuf acturer of

,

hemp F or se veral years previ ous he hadbee n ca ptai n of

.

the Lex i ngto n Ri fl es an organi za ti on wh i ch he mad e

,

conspi cuous fo r fine di sci pli ne anddri ll He hadremai ne d .

at h o me tru sti ng to the assu rance of peace andex empti on

fro m mo l estati on unti l the mi li tary arrests of whi ch

, ,

m enti on has be e n made when he dete rm i ne d to see k

,

se cu ri ty in th e Co n f e d erate M at Bow li ng G ree n

p .

F rom the i ncept i on of hi s march hi s fo rce i ncre ase d u nti l

on h is arri val athi s place of d esti nati onhe found hi mse lf at
the headof nearl y tw o hu nd re d me n mos t of whom we re,

go i ng th ere to joi nothe r organi zat i ons A t first hi s com .

mand was known as M o rgan s squadron b ut as in course ’

,

o f time i t i ncreaw d i n numbers by the acce ssi on o f

daring spi ri ts who we re attracte d by the nove l ty of
the se rvi ce i t was i n su
,
ccessi on the squadro n the ,

re gi me nt the bri gad e and the

'
, , di vi si on M o rgan s .

arri v al at Bow li ng Gree n made a val u ab l e accessi o n to the

Confederate force assembl e d the re and from the very ,

start he p roved h i mse lf of i nv al u ab l e servi ce i n sco u ti ng

40 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

to the front cutti ng o ff detachments andh arassi ng the

,

e nemy s lines o f com muni ca ti on

'
.

F or nearl y a mo nth after the occupati o n o f Bo wli ng

Gre en the re was b ut li ttl e change i n the atti tud e o f the
opposi ng fo rces the comm ande rs of each army be ing
,

b usy organi zi ng the ir fo rce s i ncreasing the ir numbe rs

,

and strengtheni ng thei r posi ti ons Wh i le these O pera

.

ti ons in thei r detai l be l ong more prop erly to the ge neral

hi sto ry of the war i t wi ll be well f or a better understand
,

ing o f afte r eve nts to gl ance bri efl y at some of the l e adi ng

hadbe e n sudde nl y p laced i n a comm and invo l vi ng great

re sp onsi bi li ti es andwi th means al to gether i nadequa te f or
the servi ce e xp ected of hi m H i s raw troops we re i ll
.

e qu i pped whi l e hi s commi ssariat andother departme nts

, ,

as ord nance andtransporta ti o n hadto be o rgani zed i n the

,

very face of a largel y supe ri o r enemy Comprehendi ng .

fully the di fii cult p robl em befo re him he addressed him ,

se l f at once vi gorou sl y tow ard the work andl ost no o p ,

portuni tyto impress upon the authori ti e s at Ri chmond the

cri ti cal posi ti on he occupi e d andthe necessi ty o f a larger
andbett e r e qu i ppe d force . Av ai li ng h i mse lf of the power
co nf erred on hi m he sent appeal after appea l to the
,

g o v e rn ors o f the S t a te s w i thi n h i s d epa rtme nt urgi ng ,

them to send re inforce me nts arms ando the r equi pments ;

,

b ut alread y the re had been heavy drafts u pon the same

so u rce s f o r the d e fe nse o f Ri ch mo nd ando ther e xpo sed

poi nts andthis together w i th an ex aggerated stateme nt

, ,

o f the fo rces u nder hi s command resu lted i n compara

,

ti ve ly small accessi ons . To his o ther e xpe d i e nts he

add ed the constru cti o n o f fo rti fica ti o ns at Bo wl i ng Gree n ,

Cumberland Gapandat Forts D o ne l son andHe nry—the

latter re spe cti vel y o n the C umbe rland and Tennesse e
ri vers to gu
,
ard agai nst i nvasi on by w ate r In the li g ht
.

o f the facts di scl ose d later i t se ems stran e th a t he sh o uld

, g
h ave remai ne d so lo ng unmo lested at Bo wl i ng Gre e n
when the Fe deral numbe rs andreso urces we re so large l y
 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TO R Y . 41

i n ex cess of hi s Bu t the same e xagge rate d reports of

.

hi s st re ngth wh i ch l ull e d the pe op l e i n hi s rear i nto a

se nse of secu ri ty hada corresp ondi ng e fi e ct upon the ap
ehe nsi ons of the F ed e l au ho i ti e andthey be came
p r r a t r s,

cau ti ous i nthe ir movements andwere d ete rmi ne d to tak e

no ri sk s .

Gen R ob ert And

. e rson, h avi ng serve d the purpose f or
whi ch he was orde red to Kentucky i n the expecta ti on ,

th at be i ng a nati ve he wouldaddstre ngth to the cause ,

was retai ned in Federal comm and b ut a few weeks and ,

was superse d e d by Gen W T She rm an Oc tobe r 8 1 86 1

. . .
, .

There was i mpa ti ence in the N orth f o r an aggre ssi ve

movement, and the cry of on to R i chmond was re .

pas te d as to Bow li ng Gre e n spurri ng the authori ti es at ,

ness i n Kentucky Bu t Ge ne ral She rman al th ou

.
gh ,

placedi n command i n expectati on of a more aggre ssi ve

po li cy was at once i mme sse dwi th the m agni tude of the
,

und ertak i ng He hadf or some ti me been on the gro und

.

wi th Ge neral A nd erson at Loui svi ll e b ut nomi nall y wi th ,

‘

ou t command andw , as th orough l y informed of the si tua

ti on. Onthe very d a yonw h i ch he annou nce d his assump
ti on of comm and i n re sp onse to a l ette r f rom Garrett
,

D avis req
, ue sti ng that troops b e sent to a certai n l ocali ty ,

he sai d wi th an ominous testiness :

, I am fo rce d i nto th e
command of th i s d epartment agai nst my wi ll andi t would ,
"
take 3 oo o oo men to fill h alf the calls f or troop
, s ( R e

b elli on R ecord s Vo l I V page

, .
,
He hadli vedi n the
So u th h
, avi ng b u t late l y resi gned as su perintendent o f
th e Lou i si ana Sta te mi li tary i nsti tute and knew the ,

spi ri t of th e Sou thern pe ople and the di fi culty o f the

p p
r o o si ti o n to i nva d e a nd ho ld t h ei r terr i tory H e .

d i fi ere dfrom the po l i ti ci ans w ho thought they could so .

cure Kentucky wi th governme nt contracts andcommi s

si ons and that th e w ar wo u ld b e of short d urati o n .

Al arm e d at hi s ex tra vagant exp re ssi o ns o n th i s sco re

Si mon Camero n secre taryo f w ,

ar andLo renzo Thom“ , ,
42 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

a dj utant gene ral of the U ni te d State s came to Lo uisvi ll e

-
,

o n the 1 6 thof O ctobe r o n a to u r of i nq u i ry andi nspe ct i on .

Cameron s first te l egram to Pre si d e nt Li nco l n was as fol

'

l ows : M atters are i n m uch worse co ndi ti on t han I

“

e xpecte d to fi ndthem A large num b e r of t roo p s needed

.

he re i mm e d i ate l y ”
. The re we re at t hat t i me as shown ,

by Ge neral Thomas report on p age 3 1 5 of the vol ume

’

ci te d above thi rteen re gi me nts of i nfantry o ne re gi me nt

, ,

of cav al ry ando ne batte ry wi th anothe r of si x p i ece s ex

,

p e c t e d i n two o r th ree d a y s, i n ca mp a t N o li n ri ve r o n th e

Lo u isvi ll e N ashvi ll e rai l ro ad north of G ree n ri ve r ;

fourtee n re gi me nts of i nfantry andth ree b atteri e s of ar
ti ll e ry at Cu p D i ck R ob i nson o r acti ng i n conj uncti on
with Ge ne ral Thom as com mand and one Ind iana and
’

th ree o r fo u r i ncomp l ete Ke ntu cky re gi ments at O wens»

hero und e r Ge n Thomas L C ri tte nde n
. . Th i s was ex .

clu si ve o f Ge neral G rant s force at andi n the vi ci ni ty of

'

Paducah .

A dj u tant Ge ne ral Thomas repo rt of O ctober 2 1 1 86 1

'
-
,

( R ebe ll i o n R eco rds V o l IV page 3 1 3 says : Le ft I ndi an

, .
) ,
“

ap o li s O ctobe r 1 6 th f o r Lo u
,
isvi ll e Ky where we arri ve d, .
,

at 1 z :3 o p m andh
. . adani ntervi ew wi th Ge neral Sh erm an ,

comm and i ng the d e p artme nt of the C u mbe rl and He .

gave a gl oomy p i ctu re of aff ai rs i n Ke ntu cky stat i ng ,

th at the yo ung me n we re gene rall y secessi oni sts andhad

joi ne d the Co nfe d e rates wh i l e the U ni on men the age d
, ,

andconse rva ti ves wo u ,

ld no t e nro ll themse l ve s to e ngage
i n confl i ct wi th thei r re l at i o ns o n the othe r si d e Bu t .

few re gi me nts co uld b e raised H e sai d th at B uckne r .

was i n ad vance of Gree n ri ve r wi th a he avy fo rce o n the

road to Lo u i svi ll e andan attack m i ght be dai l y expecte d
, ,

whi ch wi th hi s then fo rce he would no t be abl e to re si st ,

bu t that he wou ld fight them He as we ll as ci t i ze ns of

.
,

the Sta te sai d tha t the bo rde r Stat es of Ke ntu

, cky m ust
f urni sh the troops to dri ve the rebe l s from the State .

O n be i ng aske d the que sti on wh at fo rce he d ee me d neces

sar h
y
,
e
p ro mpt l y rep l i e d m e n Th i s co n v e rs a
. ti o n
 C OJVF ED E RA TE M I L] TA R Y H I S TO R Y: 48

occurre d i n the presence of Mr G uthri e and Gene ral .

Woo d The se cretary rep l i e d th at he suppose d tha t the

.

Kentuckians would no t i n any numbe r take uparms to

operate agai nst the rebe ls but tha t he thought th at G en
,

eral Sherman ove re sti ma ted the numbe r andpowe r of the

reb e l f orces ; th a t the go ve rnment wo u ld furni sh troops
to K entucky to a ccomp li sh the work ; that he the se cre ,

tary was ti redof th is defensi ve war andthat the troops

, ,

mu st assu m e the o fi e nsive and carry the war to the hra

si d es of the enemy ; th at th e season f o r O pera ti ons i n

westernVi rgi nia was about over andtha t he would tak e ,

the troo ps from the re andsend the m to Kentu cky ; th at

he be gge d of General Sherman to assume the o flensi ve

and to keep the rebe ls he rea fter o n the d ef ensi ve The .

secre tary d esi re d th at the Cu mberl and F ord and Gap

shou ld b e sei z e d and the East Te nnessee andVi rgini a
railroad be taken possessi on of andthe arte ry that su
, p
p li e d the re be lli on cut Complai nt was mad e of the w ant
.

of arms, and on the questi on be ing aske d Wh at be came ,

of the arms we sent to Kentucky we were informe d by ,

’

Ge ne ral She rm an that they hadpasse d i nto the hands of

the home guards and could no t be re covere d ; tha t m any
were alread y i n the h ands of the rebe ls andothers refuse d
to surre nd er those i n the i r posse ssi on all e gi ng the desi re,

to u se them i n d efe nse of the i r i nd i vi dual homes i f

i nvad ed In the hands of i ndi vi d u

. al s andsca t te re d over

th e State the se ar ms are l os t to the army i n Ke ntu cky .

H avi ng ascertaine d that 6 zo o arm s had arri ved from

,

Eu rope at Ph i lad e l phi a ,we re ord e re d to Gove rnor

M orton !of I nd iana] who p romi se d to pl ace them i mme
,
;

di ate l y i n the hands of tr00p s f or Ke ntucky; the rem ai n

i ng w ere se nt to Ge ne ral She rm an at Loui svi ll e .

N egl ey s bri ga d e at Pi ttsb u stro ng two com

’
rg , ,

p a n i e s of th e N i n et ee nth !re gul ars] i nfantr y the Ei gh th ,

Wisconsi n at St Lo ui s the Second re gi ment o f Mi nne

.
,

sota vo l u ntee rs at Pi ttsburg andtwo re gi ments from Wi s

,

consi n w ere the n ord ere d to Ke ntucky maki ng i n all a ,

44 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

r e i nforce me nt of about 1 0 00 0 men We l eft L oui svi ll e at 3

, .

o cl ock p m f o r Lexi ngto n accompani e d by Ge ne ral

'
. .
, ,

She rm an and M r G uth ri e re mai ne d the re a few hou

.
, rs

and pro ce e d e d to C inci nna ti arri vi ng a t 8 o c l ock p m

’
, . .

A t Lexi ngto nal so we found th at the opi ni on exi ste d that

the young me n of Kent ucky hadjoi ne d th e rebe l s ; that
no l arge bo di e s of troops cou ld be rai se d i n Ke ntucky and
th at the d efe nse of the S tate m ust nece ssari l y d evol ve
upo n the free State s of the We st andN orthwest .

The above extract has bee ngi ve natgre ater l e ngth th an

i t othe rwi se wou ld f or the re asonth at i t i s a more graphi c
p i ct ure of the condi ti on of adai rs i n Kentucky at tha t
t i me th an any pe n of today can draw The re ad e r of .
,

w hateve r symp athi es as regards the la te war cannot b ut ,

wo nde r wh at m ust have been the fee li ngs of M r G uthri e .

and me n of h i s posi ti on who at the be gi nni ng d e cl are d

,

th at they wou ld resi st a war of i nvasi on when wi thi n a ,

few month s they heard Se cretary Cameron d eclare th at

they m ust carrytb e war to the fire si des of the enemy ”
.

The first e ngageme nt wh i ch took p l ace in Kentucky ,

b arri ng a few sk i rm ishe s betwee n small bod i e s of caval ry ,

occurre d o n the n et of O ctobe r 1 86 1 whe n Ge neral Zo l

, ,

li co fl e r attacke d the F e d e rals at Camp W i ld Cat i n the

R ockcastl e H i lls a strong posi ti o n whe re he l o st e l eve n

, ,

ki ll e d andforty two wou - nd e d He fe ll back b ut si m ul

.
,
"

taneo u sl
y t he l arg e F e d er al fo rce ret rea te d in a p ani c to
L ancaster aband o ni ng m u
,
ch p rope rty andspreadi ng di s
may throughout ce ntral Kent ucky O n the z 4thof O c .

tobe r B urbri dge ad vance d from O wensbo ro wi th a

,

caval ry force to M organtown and Wood b u ry and h ad ,

a ski rm ish wi th a deta chme nt of Co l W i rt A dams .

’

M i ssi ssi ppi ca v al ry b ut fe ll b ack promm

,
ly O n the 7 th .

of N ovember occurre d the b att l e of Be lmont i nM i sso uri , ,

oppo si te Co l umbus Ky Earl y o n that day Ge neral

, .

G rant l eft C ai ro wi th me nunde r co nvoy of gunbo at s

and land e d o n the Ke ntu cky si d e as i f a bo u t to move o n
Co l umb u s bu
, t su dd e nl y crosse d to the M i ssouri si d e and
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 45

a ttacked Co l J C T appan a t Be l mont Ge ne ral Po l k

. . .
, .

discove re d his movements i n ti me to send re i nfo rcement s ,

and a heavy e ngage m e nt e nsu ed wi th a l oss o f seve ral ,

_

hundre d oneach si d e Gene ral G rant the nwi th dre w each

.
,

si d e cl ai mi ng a vi ctory The Conf ede rate Co ngre ss passe d

.

reso l u ti ons of th ank s to Ge nerals Pol k Pi ll ow andChea ,

tha m . I n e astern Ke ntucky Co l Joh n S W i lli am s wi th , . .

,

a Co nfe d e rate force consi sti ng of hi s re gi me nt the F i fth ,

K entucky i nf antry Shaw han s b attali on ando ther com '

,

mands i n p rocess o f organi zati o n amounti ng to e l e ve n ,

hundre d men was engage d i n co ve ri ng the approach to

,

N e lso n O n the 8thof N o vember, w hi l e Col one l W i l lia ms

.

was at Pi ke to n, General N e l son ad vance d, whe n

afte r a sk i rm i sh of hi s advance guard Wi l liam s
occupi e d a m o untai n d e fil e at Ivy C re ek, fiftee n
mi l es i n ad vance of Pike ton N e x t day the e nemy .

ad vance d i n h ea vy force anddi sl od g e d C a pt A J M ay, . . .

who wi th several h undre d me n, attempted to ho ld the

pass Co lone l W illi a ms i n hi s repo rt gi ves his casual ti es
.

as 1 0 ki ll e d and1 5 wou ndedandthe e nemy s l o ss at ove r

’

3 ,
00 wh i l e G e ne r al N e l so n gi v es the Co nf e d e ra te l oss as

3 : ki ll e d an d h i s o w n as 6 k i ll e d a nd 2 4 w o u n de d .

Colone l W illi am s inhi s report to Ge ne ral H umph rey M ar

sh all, who on the rst of N ove mbe r h adbee n assi gne d to

the co mmand of tha t d i stri ct, wi thh ead q u arte rs at A b i ng

do n, Va , repo rti ng to Ge n A S J o hnston, spe ak s of hi s . . .

command as an unorgani ze d andhalf armed barefooted ,

mm .’

The F i fth Kentucky i nfantry was recrui te d by Col one l

afte rw ard Ge n John S Wi ll i am s of C lark co u
. . nty and , ,

organi ze d i n O ctobe r 1 86 1 wi th the follo wi ng o fl

,
i cers :
,

John S W i lli ams co l one l ; A J May of Mo rgan county

.
, . .
, ,

l i e utenant co l one l ; H iram H awk ins of B ath major ; Wil

-
, ,

li am S R o ge rs A Q M ; J H B urns A C S ; H R uth
.
, . . . . .
,
. . . .

erford surge on; B asi l D uke ass i stant surgeon Its com
m
.
, ,

p a n y organ i zati o nf or the firs t year was very i ncom e te n u

48 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

til upon General B ragg s campai gn i nto Ke ntucky whe n

'
,

i tw as re cru i te d to i ts f ull st re ngth andreorganized wi th

H awk i ns as col one l Geo W Conne r li eute nant co lo ne l ;
, . .
,

and Wm M ynh . e ir m ajo r I ts company comm and ers

,
.

we re A G R obe rts E C Sturz Th omas J H enry A C

. .
, . .
, .
, . .

Co pe John C C al ve rt J ames M Whi te Jose ph D e sha

, .
,
.
, ,

and W D . A cton The re gi me nt se rve d at first m Vi r

. .
o

gi ni a
. In the Chi ckam au ga camp aign i t was part of the
T hi rd bri gad e of Pre ston 8 di vi si on and soon afte r was
'

permanentl y attache d to the O rphan b ri gad e .

Su ch w as the si tu ati on i n Ke nt u cky whe n o n the 1 5 th

of N ovembe r 1 86 1 Ge n D C B ue ll re li eve d Ge neral

, . . . .

She rm an of hi s comm and H e had been assi gned by .

ord e rs da te d N ovembe r 9 1 86 1 to the d epartme nt of the , ,

O h i o consi sti ng of the States of M i ch i gan O hi o I ndi ana

, , , ,

andthat porti on of Ke ntu cky east of the Cumberland and

Te nnessee Ge ne ral She rman was re l i eve d at his o wn
.

req u est havi ng by hi s fai l ure to ad vance andhi s e xtrav

,

agant esti m ate of th e tro op s nee d e d b rought d own up on

hi m se lf an av al anch e of abuse i ncl udi ng the charge o f ,

insani ty preferred by the Ci nci nnat i Commerci al He .

hadhi s i nni ng la te r J ust be fore bei ng re li eve d he was

.

ac ti ve l y p repari ng f or the d efe nse of L exi ngton from an

attack whi ch he conce i ve d i mmi ne nt fro m Ge ne ral Joh n
An abstract from th e
'
sto n s forces at Bow l i ng G re en .

consoli date d report o f Ge neral She rman s force on N o ’

vemb e r re 1 86 1 gi ve s an aggre gate prese nt and absent

, ,

of 4 9 5 86 ( Re b e lli on R ecords VOL IV page

, .
, ,

O n the a8th of O ctobe r 1 86 1 Gene ral Johnston , ,

move d hi s head quarte rs from N ash vi ll e to Bow li ng Gree n ,

andassu me d i mme d i ate com mand of what was sty l e d the

army co rps of Ce ntral Ke nt u cky The organi zat i on of .

hi s forces then was as foll ows :

rmsr mvrsro rr M A J O R G E NE R A L w J s a u
,
nas -
. . .

Ca val ry : W irt A dam s re gi me nt andPhi fer s battal i on

’ ’
.

Ar ti ll ery : Swett s Tri gg s H u

'
bb ard s and Byrne s
,
' ' ’

batte ri es .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 47

F i rst b ri gade , i nfant ry , B ri g Ge n T C H i ndman -

. . .

Seco nd A rk ansas re gi me nt, Li e ut Co l Bocage ; Si x th .

-
.

Ark ansas re gi me nt, Co l A T H awthorn; Arkansas . . .

battali on, Li eut Co l John S M armad uke

.
-
. . .

Se co nd bri gad e i nf antry Co l P R Cleburne : F irst

, , . . .

Arkansas re gi me nt Co l onel C l e burne ; F i fth A rkansas

,

re gi me nt Co l D C C ross ; Seve nth Mi ssi ssi pp

, . . i re gi ment
.
,

CO L J J Thornto n; Tennesse e M ou
. . ntai n Ri fl es Co l B , . .

Thi rd b ri gade i nfantry Co l R G Sh aver : Se ve nth

, , . . .

Ark ansas re gi me nt Co l one l Sha ve r ; Ei gh th Ark ansas

,

re gi ment Co l W R Patte rso n; Twenty fou

, . . rth T ennes .
-

see re gi m e nt CO L R D A lli son; N inth Arkansas re gi

, . .

me nt Li eut Co l S J M aso n
, .
-
. . . .

ss co m) nm sro n, s a. . wom e n .

Cavalry : First Ke ntucky re gi me nt Co l Be n H ardin , .

Helm ; Tennesse e re gi ment M aj J J Cox ,

. . . .

A rti ll ery: Lyon s and Po rte r s ba tte ri es

’ ’
.

F i rst bri gad e i nfantry Co l R oge r W H anson: H a n

, , . .
.

son s Thompson s T rab u

’

,
e s H unt s Lawi s andCo fe t e
’ '
,
’
,
’
,
’

Ke ntucky re gi ments .

Se cond bri gade i nf antry CO L W E Baldw , i n: F our , . .

tee nth M i ssi ssi ppi re gi ment Co l one l Bald w i n; Twenty ,

si xth Tennessee re gi me nt Co l one l Li llard ,

.

Th ird b ri gad e i nf antry Co l Joh n C B rown: Thi rd

, , . .

Tennessee re gi me nt Co l one l B rown; Twe nty thi rd T en ,

-

ne sse e re gi ment Co l one l M arti n; E i ghtee nth Te nnessee

,

re gi m e nt Co l one l P alme r
, .

R e su m e : Texas re gi me nt caval ry Co l B F Terry ; , . . .

H arpe r s and Spe ncer s batteri es arti ll e ry; Te nnessee

’ ’

re gi me nt infantry Co l one l Stanton

, , .

The Ke ntucky bri gad e i s gi ven above as announce d i n

Gene ral Johnston s o rd er upo n assumi ng command At
’
.

th at ti me the re gi me ntal organi zati ons had no t bee n

fully comp l ete d andnumbere d as they were later F or .

the be tte r i d e ntifica ti on of the se co mm ands of whi ch i n ,

48 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

the course of th i s h i story freque nt menti on wi ll b e m ad e ,

a bri ef su mm ary of the i r organi zati on wi ll be gi ve n .

H anson s regi ment the Second Ke ntucky was organ

'
, ,

i zo d at Camp B oone J u l y 3 1 1 86 1 wi th J Morri son , , ,

.

H awe s as co lo ne l a graduate of Wes t Poi nt who was pro , ,

mot ed bri gadi e r ge ne ral before acti ve ope rati ons be gan -
,

and w as succeed e d by Co l R oger W H anson, wi th . .

R obert A J o h nso n of Lou i svi ll e as li e ute nant co l one l

.
, ,
-
,

andJ ame s W Hewett of the same p l ace major . Sam , , .

ue l K H aye s of Covi ngton was quarte rmaster andR C

.
, , . .

Wi nte rsmi th of E l i zabe thtown commi ssary D r B M

, , , . . .

W i bl e surgeon andR ev Joseph D e sh a Pi ckett ch ap lai n

, , .
, .

The captai ns we re i n al phabet i cal o rde r of compani es , ,

J ames W M oss R obert J B reckinri dge Ph i l Lee L S

.
, .
, .
, . .

Sl ay de n Stephe n E Ch i p l ey Hervey M cD o we ll Joh n S

, .
, , .

Hope Anso n Mad ei ra G ustavus D e dman andJohn W

, , , .

The Third regi me nt Thompson s was also organi ze d ,

’
,

at Camp Boo ne sh ort l y afte r the Seco nd w i th the foll ow ,

i ng c fl i cers compo si ng the fie ld andstaff : Ll oy d Tilgb

man o f Pad ucah a graduate of We st Point co l one l ; Al
, , ,

be rt P Thompson l i e utenant col one l ; B en A nd e rson

.
,
-
,

major ; C apt A lfre d Boy d A Q M C apt J Stoddard

.
, . . . . .

Byers A C S ; D r J W Thompson surge o n Co l

,
. . . . . .
, . .

Ll oy d T i lghm an was appo i nte d b rigadi e r ge neral before -

acti ve se rv i ce began and Co l onel Thompson su cce ede d ,

to the command of the re gim@t We h ave no li st o f .

the company organizati ons .

The F o urth re gi me nt Trabue s was recrui tedby C01

'
, ,
.

R obe rt P Trab u e at Camp B urnett ne ar Camp Boone

.
, .

andorgani z ed i n Septembe r wi th the fo ll ow i ng o ffi cers :

R obe rt P T rabue co lo ne l ; Andrew R H ynes li eute nant

.
, .
,

co lone l ; Thomas B M onroe Jr major ; G P Theobald .

, .
, . .
,

A Q M Geo T Sh aw A C S ; andD r B T M ar
. . . . .
, . . . . . .

sh al l su
, rge o n The captai ns were Jose ph P N i chols
. .
,

J am es Ingram J M Fi tzhe nry W i l li s S R obe rts Ben , . .

, .
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 49

jam i n J M onroe John A A dai r Joh n L T ri ce W P

.
, .
, .
, . .

B ram l ette Thom as W Thom pson , . .

H unt s re gi me nt was at first kno w n as the F i fth b ut

'
,

i t h avi ng bee n fou nd that Col Joh n S W i lli am s hadfi rst . .

approp ri a te d tha t nu mbe r i t was ch ange d to the N i nth , .

I t was recru i ted by C0 1 Thom as H H u nt of Lou i svi ll e . .

, ,

afte r the occ u pat io n o f Lo ui svi ll e by the F e de ral s and ,

went i nto se rv i ce wi th a tempo rary o rganiza t i o n wh i ch ,

was no t compl ete d unti l some t i me afte rward I ts o ffice rs .

be came Thom as H H unt col one l ; J W C ald we ll l i e u .

, . .
,

te nant colo ne l ; J C W i ck l i ff e m ajo r ; He nry W G ray

-
. .
, .
,

A Q M
. . T he capt ai ns we re John W C ald we ll J C
.
, .
,
. .

Wi ckli fi e W i ll i am M i tchell B cn D e sh a Ge o A K i ng
'

.
, , ,
.
,

J ame s T M o rehead Ch ri s B osche andJ R B ri ght

.
, . . .

The Si xth L ewi s regi me nt was rai se d by C0 1 Jo s

,
’

,
'

. .

H Lewi s of G l asgow Ky unde r si m i l ar ci rcumst ance s

.
, ,
.
,

to the fore go ing at C ave C i ty ando rganize d as fo ll o ws , ,

Joseph H Lew i s co l one l ; M art i n H Co f cr of E l i z abeth

.
, .
,

town li e utenant col o ne l ; Thom as H H ays o f H ard i n

,
-
.
,

co u nty m ajor ; D a vi d C Walker A Q M ; Joh n F

, .
, . . . .

D avi s A C S ; R S Steve nso n surgeon andH H

,
. . . . .
, , . .

Kav anagh Jr chapl ai n The capt ai ns we re C B

, .
, .
, . .

M cC laske y Geo B M ax so n I saac Sm i th D E M c

, . .
, , . .

K end re e D P B arclay W W B agby G ranvi ll e U tte r

, . .
, . .
,

back W Lee H arne d Sam ue l B Cre wdso n Joh n G

, .
, .
, .

The command d e signate d as Gofer s re gi me nt in the '

organi z at io n of H anson s b ri gad e was a fte rw ard co nso l i

'

date d wi th Lew i s re gi me nt andfo rme d the Si xt h re gi ’

me nt of wh i ch Col M H Cofe r became se co nd i n com

, . . .

mand .

'
Lyo n s b a tte ry then comm and e d by C apt (afte r , .

ward G e n ) H B Lyon was rai se d by H B Lyon and

. . .
, . .

became Cobb s Ke ntucky ba tte ry Byrne s b atte ry was'

.
'

recru i te d by Capt E d P Byrne a Ke ntuck i an li v i ng i n . .

,
.

Gree nvi ll e M i ss who i mmed i ate l y afte r the fall i ng of

, ,

Fo rt Sumte r be gan i ts o rg ani z a ti o n The guns fo ur 6 .

,
K: 4
50 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

o u nd e n d w rz po un d e r ho w i tze rs w ere cont ri b

p rs a t o -
,

ute d by ci ti ze ns o f W ash i ngton co unty M i ss andm ad e , ,

i n M emph i s C i t i ze ns of L oui svi ll e ai de d i n the furthe r

.

equi pme nt of the ba ttery andi n J ul y i t rendezvouse d at ,

Camp Boone andwas al w ays k nown as Byrne s Ke ntucky '

battery .I ts o rgani zati o n was as foll o ws : E d ward P .

Byrne cap tai n; Gui gnard Scott first l i e utenant ; Thom as

, ,

H i nds firs t l i e utenant ; fiB ayless P She l by , se co ndli e u

,
.

te nant ; John Joye s Jr seco nd li e u ,

tenant ; E lias D
.
,
.

Law re nce first se rgeant ; F ran

,
k Pe ak seco nd sergeant ,
.

A fte r the ba t tl e of Sh i l oh where the batte ry d i dco n ,

ap i cu ou s se rvi ce Captain !Byrne p romote d to m ajor

, , ,

co mm ande d a battali on of horse arti ll e ry wi th G e n John .

H Morgan C apt R obert Co bb who succ ee d e d to the

. . .
,

command of Lyo n s battery w as fro m Lyon co u

'
nty Ky , , .
,

and the ba tte ry known a fterward by h

,
i s name was in ,

const ant se rvi ce to the cl ose o f the war I ts o fi ce rs we re .

F rank P G racey first l i eu

.
, tenant ; Barcl ay A J ame s .
,

seco nd li e u tenant ; I R D udley first se rge ant andW E

. .
, , . .

E the ri dge se cond se rgeant Spe nce r s b attery of the

’
.
,

re se rve i n D e cembe r st re ngthe ne d by re cru

,
i ts from the
fi ve Kentucky re gi ments be came G raves b attery u ,
nde r ’
,

co mm and of Capt R i ce E G raves a West Poi nt cadet

. .
,

from Kentucky , who di stinguished h i m se l f and fell o n

the second dayat M urf reesbo ro To the comm ands e num .

e rated above m u st be a dd e d M organ s ca v alry sq u

'
adro n ,

and the E i ghth Ke ntu cky i nfantry co mm and ed by Co l , .

H B L yon whi ch compl etes the l i st of Ke ntucky organ

. .
,

i zati ons the n i n the field .

 CH A PTER IV .

PO LITICAL M O VE M EN TS- G E N E R AL J O HN C B R E CK I N
RI D G E RE SI G N S H IS S EA T A S U S S E N ATO R —E N . .

TE R S C O N FE D E RA TE A RM Y AT B O WL IN G G RE EN
O R G AN IZA TI O N O F PR O VISI O N A L G O VE R N M E N T AT
R U SS ELLVI LLE —G EO R G E W J O H N SO N C H OSEN
.

F ED ERATE D E F EAT AT F ISHI N G C R E EK, CA LL E D

B Y F ED ERALS B ATTLE O F M I L L SPRIN G S—A SE R I
O U S D I SASTE R —D E ATH O F GE N E R AL ZO LLI CO F F ER
~ G EN ER AL GEO R GE B C RI TTE N D EN —CR ITI CAL
.

PO SITI O N O F G E N E RA L J O H N STO N AT BO WL I N G
—
G R EEN F ALL O F F O R T H E NR Y- G E N E RALS F LO YD
A ND B U C KN ER SEN T WI TH TH E I R D IVI SIO N S TO
D E F E N D F O RT D ON E LSO N .

B EO R E e nte ri ng upon an account of the mi li tary

operati o ns wh i ch e ve ntuate d i n the evacuati o n of
Kentucky i t wi ll be well to note b ri e fl y the po l i t
,

i ca l moveme nt s at th i s pe ri od Whe n the re i gn of terror

.

was i na ugurate d i n ce ntral Ke nt ucky b y the arrest of

South ernme n andthe i r transpo rta ti o n to N o rthe rn p ri s
o ns a large nu
,
m b e r of l e adi ng Ke ntuckians i ncl udi ng ,

some membe rs of the l e gi sl a tu re so u ght safety i n the

,

Confe d erate li ne s and most of them ente re d the army

,
.

Se nator B recki nri dge up o n hi s arri val i n Bowli ng G ree n

,

o n the 8th of O ctober i ssu e d an addre ss to the mapl e of

,

Kentucky in whi ch he revi ewe d the eve nts of the past

,

year and expose d the dupl i ci ty and usurpati on whi cll

had p lace d Ke ntucky i n the d ep l orab l e condi ti on she
th en was andc l osed by re si gni ng hi s se at in the U ni te d
,

St ate s Senate To defe nd your b i rthri ght andmi ne

.
,

sai d he ,
whi ch i s more pre ci ous than dom est i c case o r
61
52 C ON F ED E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

p ro pe rty o r li fe I e xchange wi th proud sati sf acti o n a

,

te rm o f six ye ars i n the Se na te o f the U ni te d Sta tes fo r -

the musket o f a so ldi e r H owfu ll y he vi ndi ca ted hi s

.

t i tle to the ho nors wi th whi ch Ke ntucky hadwreathe d

hi s yo ung b row i s sh o w ,
n i n a m i li tary reco rd as brilliant
as th at o f h i s ci vil li fe ; and ho w gratefu ll y Ke ntu cky

rec o gnized h i s sacrifices i n he r be half i s attested by the

st atu e i n i mperi sh abl e bro nze erecte d at Le xi ngt o n a
u te of ce t u y fro m th at t i me by the l e i slat u e
q a r r a n r g r ,

o f the State andh i s admi ri ng fe ll o w ci ti z e ns .

On the i 8thof N o ve mbe r 1 86 r a convent io n was he ld , ,

at R u sse ll vi ll e Ky , composed of de le gate s from the

.
,

co u nti es wi thi n the Co nf ederate li ne s and o f refugees ,

f ro m m any oth e r co unti es w i thi n the F ederal li nes co m ,

prising o ve r two h undred m e mbe rs repre se nti ng sixty

five counti es It w
. as i n se ssi o n th re e days andad o pte d

an ordi nance o f se ce ssi o n anda pro vi si o nal form o f Sta t e

go ve rnment .Geo rge W J o hnso n of Sco tt county was .

, ,

chose n go verno r and o ther e x ecu ,

ti ve o fi cers named .

He nry C Burnett Wm E Si mms andWilliam Preston

.
,
. .

we re se nt to R i ch mo nd as co mmi ssi o ners to nego ti ate an

alli ance wi th the Co nfed e rate s and as the resu l t the ,

Congre ss o f the Co nfe derate St ate s adm i tted the Sta te

as a membe r of the Co nfe deracy o n the ro th of D ece mber ,

1 86 1 . Two se nators and twelve members o f Co ngress

we re the n el ecte d provi si onally by the executi ve co unci l ,

and d u ri ng the w ar a co ngre ssi o nal ti ck e t w as el ected

bi enni all y b y the so ldi ers from Kentucky ‘

O n the i 4th .

of N o v e mbe r Se nato r B re cki nri dge who had bee n ,

me anti m e comm issi o ned bri gadi e r general was assi gned -
,

to the command of the Kentu cky bri gad e Bu

'
ckne r s ,

di vi si on ando n the 1 6thhe assumed comm and wi th the

, ,

fo llowi ng st aff : Capt Geo B H o dge A A G ; M aj . . .

,
. . . .

A lf red Boy d A Q M ; C apt Cli nt M ccarty A C S

, . . .
, . . .

andCapt T T H aw . . . k ins A D C . . . .

F or the Provisi onal governme nt, m mmmnb us of Co ng m se e

A pp
end ix A .
 C ON F E D ER A TE M ILI TA R Y II I S TOR Y . 63

Wi th the accessi on of Ge ne ral B ue ll to the F ed eral

comm and came a ch ange of poli cy l ook ing to the short ,

ening of li ne s and the gre ate r concentrati o n of troo s i n

p
the di recti on of Bow l i ng Gre en Ge ne ral Thom as who .
,

hadbeen O pe rati ng toward C umbe rl and Gap was m o ve d ,

to So me rset andal so occupi e d po ints o n the upper G ree n

ri ve r u po n Ge ne ral Joh nston s ri gh t fla nk Preparati o ns
’
.

we re also m ad e fo r an ad vance upo n the l atter s f ro nt by ‘

repai ri ng th e G ree n ri ve r b ri dge at M unfo rd vi ll e .

The condi ti on of the roads o n the C umbe rl and Gap l i ne

rend e ri ng moveme nts there by ei the r army i mp racti c

ab l e Ge neral Zo lli co fi e r s comm and w

'
,
as transfe rre d to

Monti ce llo ,
p laci ng hi m i n cl oser co nnecti on wi th
Ge neral Joh nston andl oo ki ng to the better p ro tec ti on of
the ri ght flank H i s fo rce was also i ncrease d andM aj
.
, .

Ge n Geo B C ri tt end e n assi gne d to i ts comm and

. . . E vi .

deuces o f i ncrease d F e d e ral acti vi ty we re shown o n G e n

eral Johnston s l eft The Te nne sse e and C umbe rl and
'
.

ri ve rs ,
wh i ch ha d be en l ow we re m ad e navi gabl e f o r
,

gu nboats by the e arl y w i nter rai ns ; andGe ne ral Joh n

ston who earl y fo resaw the dange r of hav i ng h
,
i s l i ne
penetrate d by a movement in force up those ri ve rs th us ,

thre a teni ng N ashvi ll e and p assi ng b etwee n him and

Ge ne ral Pol k took eve ry preca uti o n to guard agai nst
,

su ch resu lt The be st engi ne e rs had been se nt to the

.

narrow stri p whi ch separa te s these two ri vers j ust south

of the Tenne ssee and Ke nt ucky li ne and fo rti fi cat io ns ,

erected at F ort H enry on the Te nne ssee andF ort D o n

e lso n on the C umberland ri vers Si mi l ar forti fica ti ons .

had be e n mad e at C lark svi ll e Te nn to whi ch place , .

,

Ge n L loy d T i lghm an w
. ho had been stati one d wi th a
,

force of observa ti on at Hopk insvi ll e was assi gned Sub ,

.

se q u e ntl y he was p l ace d i n charge of F ort He nry .

Bu t a se ri ou s d i saste r occurre d on Ge neral J o h nston s

'

ri ght fl ank i n the d efe at O f Ge ne ral Cri tte nd en at Fi sh i ng

Cree k Pulaski county K y o n the 1 9thO f J anuary 1 86 2

, ,
.
, ,
.

Mill Sp ri ngs i s a sm all h am l et o n th e sou th si d e o f the

54 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Cumberland ri ver j ust abo ve whi ch F ish ing Creek whi ch ,

fl ows fro m the north empti es i nto the C umberland On

, .

the 1 7 th General C ri tte nde n was occu pyi ng M il l Springs

wi th the Seventee nth Twenty e i ghth andThi rty s eventh
,
- -

Tennessee regime nts the F i rst b attal i o n Tennessee cav

,

alry tw
,
o compani e s o f the Th ird ba tta li onTennesse e cav

alry andfo u r pi e ce s of art i ll e ry A t the same ti me he had .

at Bee ch Grove di rectl y O pposi te o n the no rth si d e of the

, ,

ri ver ,the F if teenth M i ssi ssi ppi Six tee nth A labama , ,

N i neteenth Twe nti e th Twe nty fif th andTwenty ni nth

, ,
- -

Tennessee regi me nts two battal ions of Tenne sse e cav ,

alry two i ndepe nde nt cav al ry compan

, i es and twe l ve
pi ece s of art ill e ry a total o f abo ut , me n F or some .

ti me the army o f Ge neral T homas hadoccupi e d So merset .

1 8 mi l es north easte rl y wi th e i ght re i ments O f i nfantry

g
-
, ,

and Col u mbi a 3 5 mi l es to the no rthwest wi th five regi

, ,

ments of i nfantry H avi ng l earned o n the 1 8th that the

.

mi l es north O f Beech Gro ve i n expe ctati o n O f e fi e cti ng a

'

j uncti on wi th the Somerset force andthat this wo uld be ,

r etarded by the h i gh stage o f wate r i n the creek he ,

dete rmine d to attack befo re the j unction co uld be e Eected .

He therefo re uni ted hi s fo rce s on the no rth si de andat ,

mi dni ght on the i 8thh avi ng previ o usly l earned th at the

e nemy was advanci ng he moved agai nst hi m H is force ,
.

o f two bri gad es co m mande d by Ge n F K ZO lli co fi e r and

,
. . .

Ge n W H Carro ll marched north ward o nthe roadlead

. . .
,

i ng to Logan s C ross R oads andat dayl i ght the ca val ry

'

ad vance came i n co ntact wi th the e ne my s pi ckets

'
A .

li ne Of ba ttl e be ing formed the sk i rmishers were soon ,

e ngaged The enemy was no t tak e n by surpri se as was

.

hope d and besi de s his forces hade ff ecte d the j uncti on

, .

R ai n was fall ing andthe m o rning was so dark that G e n

,
.

e ral Zo lli co fi e r mi stak i n F e d r l re i ment f r o ne o f

g a ,
e a g o

his o w n ro d e i nto i t andwas k i ll e d as General Gri tt e n

, ,

de n state s "
wi th i nbayo net reach by the pi sto l sh o t of
,

a F ed eral o m
,

ce r Thi s had a dispi ri ti ng c fi ect on the

.
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 56

lantry f o r se ve ral hou rs agai nst a gre atly supe ri or f orce,

w
they finally re trea d to th ei r camp on the Cumbe rl and
p ursue d by the e nemy, b ut no t attacke d after reach i ng
Beech G rove Du ri ng th e ni gh t Ge ne ral C ri tte nd e n
.

crosse d his army to the southsi d e, b ut wi th the loss o f

hi s till e ry wagons and ani m al s store s amm uni ti on
ar , , , ,

etc He retreate d i n a d emorali ze d condi ti o n to G ai nes

.

boro Tenn , ei gh tymi l es l owe r downon the C umbe rland

, . .

I n hi s rep o rt ( R ebe ll i o n R e cords Vo l VI I p age , .

,

he states his lowat k i ll e d 3 0 9 woundedand95 mi ss

,

i ng andesti m ates the F ed

,
e ral loss at 7 00 w hile Ge neral ,

Thom as in his repo rt esti mates the Co nfe d erate force at

and sta tes h is o w n 1088 at 3 9 ki lled and 2 0 1

U nd er all the ci rcu mstances the de ath o f General

Zo lli co fi e r and the di saster of Fi shi ng Cree k came as a
severe b l ow to the Co nfe d e rates I t gre at l y chee re d the.

F ed e rali sts i n Ke ntucky an dcast

ove r the Oppo a gl oom
si te si d e I ts st rate gi c e fi e ct was Of the most seri ou
. s

as i t wholl y u
'
ch arac ter ,
ncove re d Ge neral Joh nston s
ri ght fl ank and re nd e re d h i s ad v ance d posi ti on at Bow l
i ng Gree n still more cri ti cal Ge ne ral B ue ll s p l an from
.
’

the start w as to me nace h i m i n front unt i l he cou ld

disl d ge hi m by a dank movement He hadno i d ea of
o .

moving o n hi m in hi s intre nch e d posi ti on andputti ng

G ree n ri ve r at hi s back He hadgrea t difi culty i n re
.

si sti ng i mpo rtuni t i es from W ashingto n to p u sh Thomas

i nto East Tenne sse e th rough Cumbe rland Gap and ,

adhe re d to h is ow n pl an i n hi s ope rati ons whi ch re su lted ,

in the d ef eat of C ri t te nd en M r Linco ln barri ng his . .

,

eagerness to pl ease B ro wnl owandAndrew Joh nson i n a ,

lette r to Ge ne ral Bue ll Of J anu ary 1 3 1 86 2 ( R ebe l li on ,

R ecords V ol VI I p age
, . expre sses i n hi s home l y way
,

a comp reh e nsi on of the tru e strate gy : M y i d ea i s th at

H all eck sh all menac e Co lumbus and down ri ve r ge ner -

ally wh i l e yo um e nace Bowli ng Green andE as t T ennes

,
56 C ON FE D E R A TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

se e . Ifthe e nemy shall conce ntrate at Bo wl i ng Green ,

do no t reti re fro m his front yet do no t figh t hi m the re

,

e i th er b ut se ize Col umbus and East Tennesse e o ne o r

, ,

bo th l eft ex pose d by the conce ntrati o nat Bo wli ng Gree n

, .

I t i s a m atte r o f no small anx iety to me andwh i ch I am

,

su re yo uw i ll no t ove rl oo k th at the E ast Te nne ssee l i ne

,

i s so l ong ando ve r so b ada road

”
.Buell was no t a po l
i ti ci an andf ro m a mi l i tary st andpo int never re garde d the
,

occu pat i o n o f East Te nnesse e as a paramount ne cessi ty .

H i s fail ure to pande r to th i s senti ment was an i mpo rtant

facto r i n hi s ulti mate do wnfall as we sh all se e i n ti me
, .

Wi th the succe ss o f Ge ne ral Tho mas o n the ri ght fl ank

O f the Co nfe de ra te army o f o ccu pati o n e vi d ences of a
,

fo rmi dabl e mo veme nt o n the l eft so on be came apparent .

O nthe otho f F eb ruary a he avy attack was m ad e u po nPo rt

H e nry by a gu nbo at e x pe di ti o n andafte r a bo mb ard me nt
i n wh i ch the C o nfed erate b atte ri e s we re gre atl y d amaged ,

G e n Llo y d Ti l ghman was force d to su

. rre nde r aft er a

gall ant defense wi th e i ghty me n hi s i nfantry nu

, ,
mberi ng
ne arl y me n unde r Co l o ne l He i man fall i ng back o n
, ,

F o rt D o ne lso n To the de fe nse o f th i s po si ti o n the attack

.
,

o n wh i ch no w be cam e i m mi nent Ge ne ral J o hnston se nt

,

Ge ne ral Pi llo w wi th hi s co mmand o f o n the 9 tho f

F eb ru ary and on the rz th re i nfo rced h

,
i m w i th the
co mm a nd s o f Ge ne ral s Fl oy d and B u ckner more
, ,

m ak i ng the garri son force i n the aggregate no mi nally

me n b ut re all y several th o usand l e ss e xcl udi ng
, ,

si ck l eft be hi nd A t the same t i me recogni z i ng the

.

danger to wh i ch he would be e x po se d at Bo wl i ng Green

b the depleti o n o f hi s force andthe nece ssi ty O f co veri ng
ashvi ll e he be a n the evacu a t i o n o f th e fo rme r pl ace
, g
o n the eveni n o f the n th Ge neral B u
g ,
e ll reach i ng Bowl
i ng G re e n o n the eve nin o f the 1 3 th andGe ne ral J o hns
g
n
t o s army be i ng i n f o nt O f N ashvi lle o n the 1 sth the
’

r
wi thdrawal b e i ng m ade wi th o ut l oss o f any m ate ri al and
,

i n pe rfe ct o rder .
 CH A P TE R V .

SI T UAT I O N A T FO R T D O N E LSO N —D I S PO SI T I O N O F
FO R C ES— A CC O UN T O F TH E B ATTLE ATT AC K B Y —
THE GUN BO A TS — TH E I R R E PU LSE G E N E RAL —
GRA N T I N VESTS CO N F ED E RA TE L IN ES —SO R TIE
IN F O RCE B Y TH E CO N F ED E RATES J TS S U CC ESS —
BLO O D Y R E PU LSE O F T H E F E D E RA L S—ES CAPE O F
CON F E D E RAT E AR MY IN SU R E D WH E N T H E TR OO PS
WER E OR D ER E D B ACK IN TO TH E T RE N CH E S—IN D E
PEN S I B LE PO S ITION —S E VE R E W EA T H E R — EXPO
SURE AN D SU F F E RI N G O F C O N F E D E RA TE T R O O PS
—GAL LAN I F I G HTIN G O F C O LO N E L H ARR ISO N AN D
’ ‘

S ECO N D K E N T UC KY, A N D CO LO N E L LYO N AN D

—
EIGH T H KE N T U C KY C O U N C IL O F WA R - G E N ER A LS
F LO YD AN D PI LLO W T U R N T H E CO M MAN D O VE R
TO G E N ERA L B U CKN E R A N D ESCAPE TO N AS H
VILLE —G E N ER AL B U CKN E R SU R RE N D E RS TO
G EN E R AL G RA N T .

H E f all of whi ch occurre d on F eb

F o rt D o ne lson
ru a ry 1 6 1 8 6 3 w,
as a f ar reachi ng d i saste r w
, h i ch
-
,

ope ned up to the occupa ti o n by the e nemy no t

on l y all o f Ke ntucky b ut all o f Tennesse e we st of the
,

Cu mberla nd m o u nta i ns A s the de ta i ls o f the ba ttl e

.

belo ng pro pe rl y to the hi sto ry o f the Confe de rate o pe r

ati o ns i n T ennessee o nl y su c h r e fere nce to the m wi l l be
,

made as i s necessary to sho wthe p art take n by the K e n

tucky troo p s Gene ral Pi ll o wbe i ng i n command at Fo rt
.

D one l son a ndan attack bei ng i mmi nent the comm ands
, ,

of Ge nerals Bu ckner and Fl o y d whi ch ha d fo r several ,

days been at Clark svi ll e were moved by bo at and the , ,

last o f the m arri vedwi th Ge neral F loy d o n the ni ght o f

the 1 2 th Genera l B uck ner in hi s report ( R ebe lli o n
.
,

Reco rd s Vo l VI I pa ge
,
.
,
s ays : Th e d efense s w ere i n
a very i m e rfec t co ndi t i on h e sp ace to b e de fe nde d
p T .

by the arm y w as q ua drangu l ar i n shape be i ng li mi te d o n ,

57
58 C ON FE D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

the north by the Cumberl and ri ve r on the east andwest ,

by small stre ams nowco nverte d i nto d eep slo ughs by the
h i gh water and on the south by our line of def ense
,
.

The ri ve r li ne exceede d 9 mi l e in l e ngth The li ne of . .

defense was about two mi l es anda h alf lo ng andi ts dis ,

tance from the ri ve r vari ed from o ne fourth to three -

fourth s of a m il e The li ne o f i ntre nchments consisted

.

o f a few lo gs ro ll ed t o gether and b u t sl i ghtl y covered

wi th e arth formi ng an i nsumci ent pro te cti on even
,

agai nst fie ld arti ll ery N o t more than one th i rd o f the

.
-

li ne was complete d on the morning of the 1 2 th .

Work on my l i nes was p rosecuted wi the nergy andwas ‘

urged fo rward as rapi dl y as the l im i te d number o f to o ls

would pe rm i t so that by the mo rning o f the 1 3thmy
,

posi ti on was in a respectabl e state o f de fe nse .

Gene ral B uckner was p lace d in co mmand o f the ri ght

wi ng andGe n Bush ro d R Joh nso n of the left The
, . . .

onl y Kentucky troops prese nt were the Second re giment

under Col R o ger W H anson G rave s b atte ry andthe
. . ,
’
,

Ei ghth Kentucky re gi me nt Li e ut Co l H B L yo n The , .

- . . . .

first two w ere o n the ex treme ri ght o f G e ne ral B uckner s ’

l i ne whi l e the last was near the l eft of Ge ne ral Jo hnso ns

,
’

li ne attache d to the bri gade of Col Joh n M Si monton

, . .
,

o f M i ssi ssi ppi .

Gene ral Grant who had wi th his army ascended the

,

Tennessee ri ve r and l anded at F o rt He nry te n m il es ,

westward on the mo rning o f the 1 2 th marched wi th

, ,

me n co mpri sing the di vi si ons o f Gene rals J oh n

,

A M cClernand and C F Smi th and at noo n arri ve d

. . .
,

wi thin two m i le s o f F ort D onelson anddrove i n the Co n

fede rate p i ckets H ad he m o ved o n the works at o nce
.

wi th thi s l arge fo rce thei r capture w o uld h ave been co m

,

parati vely easy as many o f F lo yd s co mmand hadnot

,
’

arri ve d and the Confe d e rates were i ll p re p are d f o r an

,

attack H e had however se nt si x re gi me nts fro m F ort

.
, ,

He nry aro und by wate r co nvoyed by a gunbo a t and , ,

aw ai ti n
g thei r arri val hi s p lan w as no t to m ake a , ge n
 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 59

eral attack b ut to i nvest the works as close ly as he co uld

wi thsaf ety ( See hi s repo rt on page 1 5 9 of the vol ume
.

quoted above i n whi ch the repo rts of o fii cers of both

,

arm i es w ill b e found ) A bout te n o cl ock on the morn

’
.

"
i ng o f the 1 3 th General B uckner says “
, the enemy ,

made a vi goro us attack on H anson s po si ti on b ut was ’

,

re pe ll e d w i th h eavy loss The attack w as su .bseq u e ntl y

re newe d by th re e hea vy re gi me nts b u t w as again te ,

pulse d by the Second Ke ntucky regi ment ai de d by a ,

”
part of the E i ghtee nth Tennesse e Co l J B Palme r , . . . .

The Conf e de ra te t ro op s re mai ne d i n the ir trenche s and

thei r l oss w as sm all al tho u g h th r ou

,gho ut the day the
fire along the line w as i nce ssant andkept u p th ro ugh th e

O n the 1 4th, the gunboats havi ng ved the ni ght arri

be fore the re was no land attack ; b ut at two o cl ock a

,
’

heavy bo mb ardm ent was b e gun by si x gunboats und er

A dmi ral F o ote and conti nue d two hou rs wh e n havi ng ,

been di sab l e d by the Confederate w ate r b atte ri es they ,

wi th drew wi thout havi ng i nfli cte d any damage to the

batte ri es o r ki ll e d a man It was th en Ge neral Grant s .
’

purpose to repai r the gunboats bef ore assaul ti ng the

Confede rate li nes whi ch we re no wcomp l e te l y i nveste d
, ,

his force ha vi ng been augmente d by the arri v al of Ge n .

Le w Wallace s d i vi si on about strong from F ort

’
, ,

He nry The di sposi t i on of hi s army was as follows : M c

.
~

Cle rnands d i vi si o n on the ri gh t W allace s i n the ce nte r

’ ’
,

andSmi th s o n the l eft M e anti me the w eathe r had on

'
.
,

the 1 3 th turne d very co ld wi th snow andrai nwhi chbore

, ,

h eavi l y upon the Co nfede rate tr00ps ex posed i n the

trench es and alread y worn d ow n by i ncessant duty f or
th ree days and ni gh ts .

It b e ca m e evi d e nt to the Co nf e de rat e comm and ers

th at to re m ai n i nacti ve re nde re d capture a questi on of
b ut a short ti me as retrea t was cu
, t O E b y the e x te nsi on
of both the enemy s w ings to the ri ve r A counci l be i ng
’
.

he ld o n the ni ght of the i 4th i t was d eci de d tha t the ,

00 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

on ly al ternati ve was to dri ve back the enemy s ri ght ’

wi ng by an early a ttack i n the morning and havi ng ,

cl e ared the w ay to retreat i n th

, e di re ct i on o f N ashvi ll e

by the way of Charlotte Accordingly o n the morning

.
,

o f Satu rday ,
the 1 5 th at five o cl ock the attack was
,
'
,

m ade o n Ge neral Grant s ri ght and the e nemy bei ng

’
,

p resse d back after a ti me i n disorde r Ge ne ral B uck ner ,

al so advanced andthe mo veme nt w as kept u p unti l vi c

tory seeme d co mpl e te the Fe de ral ri ght ha vi ng be e n
,

dri ven se ve ral mi l es whi le Ge ne ral B uckne r haddri ve n

,

hi s l eft so f ar as to uncover the pro pose d ro ute o f retreat ,

andthe o bject o f the ba ttl e seeme d safe l y accompl i shed .

A t thi s j u nctu re w h en Gene ral Buckne r was two m i l e s

,

fro m hi s works and expecti ng the retreat to be gi n he ,

re ce i ved o rd e rs from Ge neral Pi llow to retu rn to the

i ntrenchments .

It i s use l ess to pro long the pai nf ul narrati ve The .

whol e army re turne d to the ir chee rl t re nche s wo rn

do wn wi th fati gue and depressed wi th the fai l ure to be
e x tri ca te d from the ho pe l ess posi ti on whi ch their i ntelli
ge nce to ld them they no woccu pi ed A dded to thi s the
.
,

enemy be ing further re i nforced and l earni ng of the ,

wi th drawal o f the Confe de rates wi th in the i r li ne s f o l ,

l o we d them up vi gorousl y andbefore dark hadresume d

the i nvestme nt and al so e ff ec ted a lo dgme nt at the e x
treme ri ght o f our li ne The rest i s kno wn ho w at a
.
,

co u nci l o f w ar the despe rate co ndi ti on h aving bee n rec

,

o gni zed a su
,
rre nde r w as d ee me d the o nl y co u rse l eft

ho w the se ni o r com mande rs i n tu rn d ecl ine d to carry

ou t the de ci si o n and tu ,rni ng the command o ver to Ge n

e ral B uck ne r l eft hi m to sh are the fate o f hi s men wh i l e

, ,

they e fi e cte dthe ir escape by boat wi th a small force b e ,

fore negot i ati o ns set i n; and ho w at dayli ght a bugle r

and a fl ag te rmi na ted fu rthe r conte st Le t u s draw .

the curta i n o n the sad eve nt the i ntelli gence o f wh i ch

,

carri e d su ch w oe to the wh o l e So u th andto thei r fri e nds

i n Kentu cky w ho sh are d all the i r joys andso rro ws and ,
 CON FE D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 81

who in the i r o wn good time t est ifi ed the i r admirati o n o f

tru e he ro i sm by el e cti ng as go vernor wi th the hea rty ,

concur rence o f many o f the F ed e ral so l d i e rs the gall ant ,

Bu ck n er who w
,
as the chi ef p ri so ne r o f thi s su rre nd er .

Far b e i t fro m the purpose of the wri te r to reflec t upo n

th e co u rage o r p atri o ti sm o f Ge ne rals F l o y d andPi ll o w .

It was a q ue stio n f o r each to d e ci de f or hi mse lf andif ,

they e rred i n j udgme nt most gri evou s mu

, st have b e en

thei r s ufi ering .

Ge ne ral Buckner i n hi s report speaks i n terms o f the

hi ghe s t prais e o f Col one l H anso n andhi s re gi ment and ,

of Gra ve s ba tte ry Speaki ng o f o ne po i nt i n the ac

’
. ~

tion of the 1 5 th an ad vance upon the ri ght o rde re d by

,

him at a cri ti ca l ti me he says : I n th is la tte r mo veme nt

,

a se ct i o n o f Graves battery parti ci pate d p l ayi ng wi th

'
,

destructi v e efle ct upo n the e nemy s l eft wh i l e abo ut the

' ’

same ti me the Second Ke nt u cky u nde r Co lo ne l H anso n

, ,

ch arged in qu i ck ti me as i f upo n parade th ro u gh an ,

Op en fi e ld and u nde r a dest ru cti ve fire w i th o ut firing a ,

gu n upo n a superi or force o f the enemy w

,
ho bro ke a nd ,

fled i n all di re cti o ns A large po rti on o f the ene my s

.
’

ri ght di spe rse d throu g h the woo d s and m a d e the i r way ,

as w as a ft e rwar d l earned to F ort He nry

"
, .

Colo ne l H anso n i n referri ng to the same i nci dent i n hi s

,

repo rt say s : I n f ront o f u s w as an O pe n S pace wh i ch

“
,

hadfo rme rl y b een o ccupi ed as a camp T hi s space was .

abo u t two h undred yards i n w i d th Beyo nd the space i n .

the ti mbe r andthi ck undergrowth the enemy we re posted .

I di rected the re gi m e nt when the comm and was gi ve n

, ,

to march at qui ck ti me across the space andno t to fire a

gu n unti l th e y re ache d the woo ds i n wh i ch the e nemy
We re poste d .T he or de r was admi rabl y e x e cute d and ,

al tho u gh we los t 5 0 me n in ki lle d andwo u nde d i n cross

ing the space no t a gun was fire d unti l the woo ds we re
,

reached The enemy stoo d thei r ground unti l we we re

Wi thi n 40 y ards o f them whe n they fle d i n great co nfusi o n
,

u nde r a most destru cti ve fire Thi s was no t stri ctly

.
82 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

s pea ki ng a ch arg e ba y o ne ts b ut i t wo uld h ave been if

,
’

the e nemy h adno t fled .

The staflof Gene ral Buckner shared his fortunes In .

his report he says : M aj G eo B Cosby my chi ef o f . . .

,

staff dese rves the hi ghe st commendati o n f o r th

,
e gallant

and i nte lli ge nt di scharge of h i s du ti es a nd the other ,

members of my sta fi are e nti tl ed to my thanks for the ir

gallantry andthe e fi ci e nt di scharge of thei r appropri ate
duti es Li eutenants Charl es F J o hnson ai de de camp
. .
,
- -
,

and T J C l ay acti ng ai de ; M aj s A l exand er Casse day

. .
, . ,

ac ti ng i nspe cto r ge ne ral andS K Hays q u

-
artermaster . .
,

Capt R C Wi ntersmi th com mi ssa ry of subsi stence ;

. . .
,

M aj or D avi dso n ch i ef o f arti ll ery ; M essrs J N Gall eher

, . . .

!afterward B ish o p o f Lo ui si ana] acting ai de ; M oore , ,

acti ng t o po graph i ca l o fli ce r : J Wal ker Tay l or co mm and

.
,

i ng a de tach me nt o f gu i de s andD P B u ckne r v o l u

,
ntee r . .
,
"
ai de . M ajor C asse day di ed at Camp Ch ase no t l o ng
afterw ard from the e ff ects of e xposu re a t Fort D o n
elson .

The Ei ghth Ke ntucky re gi me nt di dno t come unde r

Gene ral B uckner s observati o n b ut bo th Ge neral B ush
'
,

bri gade commander refer to i ts gal lant acti on wh i le

, ,

Col o ne l Lyo n says tha t no o fl i cers o r me n could h ave

acted more
gallantl y th an d i dthose of the E i ghth Ke n
tucky at all ti me s during the th ree days fight Out of
’
.

3 1 : me n hi s l oss was 1 7 ki ll ed a nd 46 wo u
, nded whi l e ,

the Second Kentucky l ost 80 ki lled andwounded out o f

five o r si x hundre d .
SEI LO R CAM PAI GN —E FF EC T o nTH E SU R R EN D E R o r
FO RT D O N E LSO N E VA C U ATIO N OF BO WLIN G
— J
G R E E N A N D N AS H VI LL E U N U ST O U TB URST o r
IN D IG N AT IO N AG A I N ST G E N ERA L O H N STO N —G EN
J
ER A L B U E L L OCC U PI ES N A SH VI LL E R E O R GAN IZA—
TI O N o r C O N F ED E RAT E A R M Y AT M U R F R E ES B O R O
_ A SSIGN ME NT O F KE N T UC KY TR O O PS — G E N E RAL
J O H N STON S SU CC E SSF U L M O VEM EN T fI O CO R IN TH ,
' ‘

KI S S — U N C T ION W ITH B EAU R EG AR D , B RA GG AND

J
—
PO L K RAPID PREP A RA T IO N S FO R AD V AN CE G EN —
ER A L G RAN T AT P ITTS B U R G LAN D I N G G E N E RAL —
BUE LL MO VI N G To J
O IN HI M- G EN E RA L O H N STO N J
AD VAN CES To GIVE B ATTLE T O G EN ERAL G RAN T
— E ATT LE O F SH IL O H—PAR T TAK EN B Y K E N T U C KY
CO N FE D ER A TE TR O O PS- 4 1 1 8 1 11 GALLAN TR Y AN D
SEV E R E LO SS ES —D E ATH O F G EN E R AL O H N STO N J
m s L AST L E TTER To PRE S I D EN T D AVIS D E ATH —
o r G O VERN O R G E O R GE wJO H N SO N —R E TREAT To
"
.

CORI N TH .

of the fa ll of Fo rt D o nelson was stunni ng

to the So uth espe ci all y as i t came cl o se u
,
po n the
h e e ls o f the repo rt of a gre at Vi ctory O n the .

ni ght o f the batt l e Gene ral J o hnston rece i ve d di sp atche s

an nou nci ng th a t the C o nfe d e rate s had w o n the ba ttl e .

At dayl i ght on the 1 6th came the anno unce me nt o f the

su rre nde r
. In N ashvi ll e the e xci teme nt andtum u l t were
i ntense andall o ve r the So uth the re was a mi ngl e d fe e l
,

i ng o f di sa ppo intme nt andi nd i gna ti o n The bru

. nt o f the
b lame fe ll u po n Ge neral J o h nsto n who k no wi ng th at
, ,

ti me wou ld vi ndi ca te hi m bo re i t cal ml y andm ad e the

,

b est di sposi tions to meet the calam i ty He was calm

.

under the animadve rsi ons cast upo n him i n the Con
f ede rate Co ngress and b y the turb u l ent po p ul ace i n
N ashvi lle .
He move d his fo rce s to the so uth o f N ash ~

68
64 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

vi lle o rgani ze d the refugees and straggle rs from

,

F ort D o ne l so n and be gan the evacu a ti o n of the cap i t al

o f Te nnessee by remo ving the army su ppli es The .

pro pe r precauti ons we re take n to preve nt a sudden attack

o n t h e ci ty by the gu nbo ats andi n a few days the m o ral e ,

of h i s army re duce d fully o ne h al f by the d

,
i saste r at D o n - .

e l so n w ,as re sto red H e had l o ng bee n aware o f t h e

.

dange r andbefore evacuati ng Bo wli ng Gre e n hadfo re

,

se e n the
p ossi bl e ne ce ssi ty o f fall i n beh i nd the Cu
g m be r ‘

land andi ne x tremi ty the Te nnessee H is pl anwas fully

, , .

mature d and he had se l ecte d Co rinth M i ss j ust sout h

, , ,

o f the great b e nd of the T e nne ssee as the po i nt at wh i ch ,

he wo uld rally andfro m whi ch w i th the conce ntrati o n o f

,

all a v ai l abl e fo rce s he w ou ld mo ve to gi ve battle to the

F ede ral fo rce s By the s adthe e vacuat io n o f N ashvi lle
was comm
.

e te ando n th e 2 3 d the advance gu

,
ard of the

F ede ral army fro m B o wl ing G re e nappeared at E d ge field

o n the north Si de o f the C u mberland A de putati o no f the .

ci ti ze ns wi th the mayor w
,
ent o ut to nego ti ate andon , ,

the asththe formal surrender o f the ci ty to Ge neral B uell

too k place .

On the 2 3 d o f F ebru ary the organi zati o n o f Ge neral ,

J oh nsto n s fo rces be i ng co mplete d at Murfreesboro he

'
,

i ss u e d an o rde r anno u nci ng the reorgani zati o n o f the

army an dassumi ng co mmand I t co nsi ste d o f H ardee s '
.

divi si on co mpo sed o f H i ndman s and Cleburne s b ri

,
' '

gades ; C ri ttenden s di vi si on o f Carro ll s and Statham s

' ' '
,

b ri gades ; Pi llo w s di vi si on of Wood s and B o wen s

’

,
’ '

bri ga de s ; andthe R ese rve unde r Ge n Jo hn C B recki n . .

~

ri dge . T hi s l at te r co mpri se d the fo ll o wi ng co mmands

T h ird Kent u ck y Co l A P Th o mpso n; F o urth Ke n
, . . .

tu ck y Co l R P Trabue ; F i fth Ke ntucky (a fte rward

, . . .

ca ll e d th e N i nth
) C o l Th o mas H H u, n t ; S ix th Ke n
. .

tucky Col Joseph H Lewi s ; Col Cre ws re gi me nt

, . . .
’
,

Cl i fto n s battali on H ale s battal ion He lm s cavalry

’

,
’
,
’

b ttali on M o rgan s squadro n o f cavalry N e l so n s cav

a
,
'
,
’

alry Lyo n s Co bb s b attery B t '

( )
’
N
’
, C o l F o rres s ca v . . . .
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 65

alry, andCol Joh n A Wh arton s ca v alry ( Ei gh th Tex

. .
'

as) we re u
, nattached O n the asth of F ebruary no move.
,

me nt fro m N ashvi ll e h avi ng bee n me anwh i l e m ad e

against General Joh nsto n he p ut hi s army i n mot i o n f or
,

D ec atu r Ala vi a She l byvi lle re ach i ng the forme r p l ace

, , ,

on the ro th of M arch He re the Te nnesse e ri ve r the n

.
,

at d oo d he i gh t was crosse d and by the 2 5 th of M arch

-
, ,

Ge ne ral Johnston comp l ete d the conce ntrat i on of hi s

army at Co ri nth Thi s i ncl ude d i n addi ti o n to the troops
.
,

b ro ught by hi m the comm and o f Gene ral P o lk whi ch

, ,

hadev acuate d Col umb us o n the 2 d of M arch andGe ne ral ,

B ragg s co rps of’

from Pe nsaco l a wh i ch to gethe r ,

wi th othe r small er d etachme nts m ad e about

me n .

A co rre spo ndi ng mo veme nt hadmea nw hi l e ta ke n place

on the p art of the F ed e ral fo rce s Ge ne ral G rant had .

o n the ro th of M arch begu n hi s e x pe di ti o n upthe Ten

nesse e ri ve r and o n th e r yth the grea ter part of hi s
,

army no wau , gmente d to ne arl y e ffect i ve s was i n ,

camp at and ne ar Pi ttsburg L andi ng o n the so uthwe st

si d e of the Te nne ssee t w e nty three m i l e s northe ast of
,
-

Cori nth On the 1 sthof M arch Ge ne ral B ue ll wi th hi s

.
,

army of m arche d from N ashvi ll e f o r the sa me

poi nt by way of Col umbia andW ayne sbo ro wh i l e G e n , .

0 M M i tch e l wi th a corps o f
. . m arche d south to
H unt svi ll e andD e catur to se i ze the M emphi s 8: Charl e s
ton rai lroad Su ch w as the si t u
. ati on wi th Ge ne ral G rant ,

resti ng i n fanci e d se cu ri ty and aw ai ti ng the arri v al of

Ge ne ral B ue ll to m o ve southw ard wi th no though t of ,

danger when General Joh nston hopi ng to stri ke hi m

, ,

bef ore B ue ll should e ff e ct a j uncti on moved o ut from ,

Co rinth on the stdof A p ri l He hadsai d i n respo nse to .

the clamor followi ng the evacuati on of Ke ntucky and

Tennessee th a t i f he co uld e ff ect a conce ntrati on of hi s
scatte re d forces those who d eclai m e d a ai nst h
,g i m woul d
be wi thout an argmne nt He was no wabout to re d eem .

hi s w rd How full y at Sh i l oh he di d i t andi n an i n

n p .
,
86 C ON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

t t wo n e nduri ng fame h i story has re co rded wi th inde l

s an ,

i ble pe n ‘
.

O wi ng to co nti nu e d rai ns anddifi culty o f mo vi ng his

army the b attl e w
,
as de lay e d a t l eas t a d ay b u t tak i ng ,

hi s adversary co mpl etel y by surpri se on the morni ng o f

Sunday A p ri l 6th he l i ve d lo ng e no ugh to See hi s army
, ,

i n the full ti de of Vi ctory A fe w ho u rs m o re o f .

li fe wo uld h ave se cure d the surre nde r o f the o ppo si ng

.

army Wh at wo uld ul ti matel y h ave ha ppe ned hadhe

.

su rvi ve d i s l eft to the j u dgment o f th o se who can be st

comprehe nd the geni u s of a gene ra l w ho hadso tho r
oughl y vi ndi cated hi s capaci ty for aggre ssi ve as wel l as
d efensi ve ope rati ons How all the frui ts of vi cto ry .

w ere l o st by hi s de ath have to gethe r wi th the de ta i l s ,

of the grea t battl e be en fai thf ull y t o ld by hi s so n i n a

,

memo i r as valuabl e for i ts h i stori cal accuracy as f or i ts

fai thful portrai ture of a nobl e l i fe andcharacter f .

The Confe derate troops whi ch fo ught at Shi lo h were

organize d as fo llo ws : Fi rst corps Ge ne ral Po lk ; Se cond ,

co rp s Ge ne ral B ragg ; Thi rd corps General Hard ee ;

, ,

R ese rve Ge ne ral B re ck inri dge

,
The l ast i s the only one .

i n re gard to wh i ch any de tai l wi ll be gi ve n he re It .

was co mpo se d of the fo ll o wi ng : F i rst bri gade Col R P , . . .

Trabu e ; Second bri gade B ri g Ge n J S Bowe n; Thi rd ,

- . . .

bri gade B ri g Ge n W S Stath am ; M o rgan s squadron

, .
.
. . .
'

o f caval ry The F i rst bri gade co nsi ste d of the F o urth

.

A lab am a battal i o n T hi rty first A l abama regi me nt ; Li e u

,
-

te nant Co lone l Cre ws Tennessee battali o n; Th ird K e n

-
'

tucky re gi ment Li e ut Col B en Ande rson commandi ng

,
.
-
.

F ou rth Kentu cky re gi ment Li e ut Co l A R H ynes , .

-
. . .

co mm and i ng ; N i nth Kentucky re gi ment Co l T H , . . .

H unt ; Si xth Ke ntuck y regi me nt Col J H Leyris , . . .

‘
F or Ge neral J hnst n s last le tter to Presi d
o ent D avis b a ttle
o
'
,

order etc see A ppendix B

m
, , .

f The lif e o f Ge n Alb e rt Si due o hnstomem his servi ce s

in th armi es o f the U ni te d Stg
e tg
s the h and th e
Co nfede ra t S tates b
.

y Wi lliam Preston Jo
e to n N e wY k D or .

A pp leto n 8 Co 1 87 8
. ,
1 . . .
 CON F E D E R A TE JI/LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 67

Byrne s b a tte ry ; Co bb s battery ; i n all abo ut

'
me n
’
.

The ba ttl e of Shi l oh was be gun a t d ayli ght by H ardee s '

co rps andi t was no t l o ng unt i l ne arl y the whol e Co nf e d

,

crate f orce w as e ngage d the ge ne ral po si ti on from l eft ,

to ri gh t be i ng H ard ee Po l k B ragg and B re cki nri d ge , , .

A s i s no t uncommoni n m i li t a ry expe ri ence the re se rve ,

was e arl y i n acti on Col one l T rab ue wi th the Ke ntucky

.
,

b ri gad e w as se nt as re i nforceme nt to Ge ne ral H ard

’
,
ee s

ri ght on the l eft of Ge ne ral Polk s corp s whi le th

’

, e re ,
'
m ai nd er of Ge neral B reck i nri d ge s di vi si on move d to the
su ppor t of the ex tre me ri ght It was th us th at the K e n .

tu cky troop s found them se l ve s i n o ne o f the most st ub .

b o rnly contest e d parts of the fie ld be i ng p i tte d agai nst ,

the comm and of Ge ne ral She rm an wh ere was found the ,

mos t stubbo rn re si stance In the first assaul t Li eute n .

ant Co l o ne l A nd e rso n andM aj o r Joh nsto n o f the Thi rd

-
,

Kentucky were wounde d and Captai ns Stone Pe arce

, , ,

and E merso n Li e u te nant B agwe ll comm and i ng co m

, ,

pany and A cti ng L i e utenant Wh i te of tha t re gi me nt

, , ,

we re k i ll e d ; wh i l e Captain Bowm an A dj utant M cG o o d ,

win andLi e ute nants R oss and n eway were wo und e d .

Later the b ri gad e had a pro l o nge d co nte st wi th a he avy

force of O hi o and Iow a troops and dro ve them w i th a ,

ch arge the Ke ntu,

cky tr00p s si ngi ng the i r b attl e song ,
"
Cheer boys, cheer : we ll march away to ba ttl e and
,
’

dri vi ng eve ryth i ng be fore the m The loss was he avy .

,

Captai ns B en D esha and Joh n W Cald well b e i ng se .

ve re ly and A djt Wm Be ll of the N i nth Ke ntu

, . ck y .
, ,

morta ll y wound e d In the same regi ment C ap t J ame s

.

R B ri ght Li e ut J L M oo re andR M Lemmons we re

.
, . . . . .

wound e d In the F o urth Ke ntucky Capt Joh n A

.
,
. .

A dai r Li eut John B i rd R oge rs co mm andi ng compa ny

, .
, ,

and Li eu t R obe rt D unn we re seve re l y wound e d wh i l e

.
, ,

Capt W Le e Harne d of the Si x th Ke ntucky was mo r

. .
, ,

tall y wound e d Thi s success l e d soon afte r to the cap

.

m e of Gene ral Pre nti ss F ed eral command and by a

'
,

happy conj unct i on j ust as Co l one l Trab ue e nte re d the

,
68 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

ca mp fro m the l e ft Ge neral B recki nri dge came i n fro m

,

the ri ght The p ri so ne rs numbe ri ng about

. we re,

s e nt to th e rear i n char e o f C rews b at tali on of Colo ne l

’

g
T rab ue s b ri gad e
’
By th i s st roke o f goo d fo rtune the
.

S ix th andN inth Ke ntu ck y w e re e nabl ed to ch ange thei r

o ldmu ske ts f o r E nfie ldri fle s .

T he fo rego i ng has bee n co ll atedfro m the repo rt o f Co l

o ne ] T rabu e R e be lli on R e cord ,s Vo l X p age 6 1 4 I t i s to , .
, ,

be re gretted th at no e xte nde d repo rt by Ge ne ral B re cki n

ri dge w as eve r m ade o r i f m ad e has ne ve r bee n fo und
,
.

T he follo wi ng i s the o nl y o ne re l ati ng to the battl e :

q rs R e serve Co rps A rmy of the M i ssi ssi ppi

.
, ,

A pri l 1 7 1 86 2 , .

Col o nel : I h av e the ho no r to m ake the fo llo wi ng

s ta t e me nt o f th e small a rms canno n e tc ca pt u
-
re d fro m , ,
.
,

the e nemy i n the battl e s o f th e oth and7 th by the R e

s e rve co rp s e x cl u si ve o f the ca val ry fro m wh o m th e re i s
, ,

no repo rt ; sm all arm s sw o rd s 1 x ca nno n 4 p i eces

-
,
.

The small arm s a re no wi n the hands o f my men mo st

-
,

o f the m ta k e n fro m de ad andw ou nde d e ne mi es andsu b ,

sti tu ted f o r ri fle s o r guns befo re i n o ur posse ssi on The .

fo ur p i e ce s we re h aul e d seve ral m i l e s o ff the fie ld and

wi th i n o ur l i ne s by Captai n R utledge co mm and i ng b at ,

te ry i n Stath am s bri gade andi t i s co nfide ntly be l i eve d

'
,

form a part o f the capt ured ca nno n no wat Co ri nth .

M y comma nd di d no t sto i n thei r camm b ut mo ve d ,

on u nder o rd e rs a nd I th i di di ts full share upon the

,

li ne of i ts o pe ratio ns i n the wo rk o f wh i ch captured

“

no n fl ags small arms andpri so ners we re the re su

, ,
-
lt .

J O H N C B a s cmmunc s .
,

B ri gadi er Ge ne ral Com mandi ng -

.

I n a sketch o f the Ke ntuck y b ri gad e wri tten by G e n ,

.

G e o B Hodge G eneral B rec ki nri d ge s adj utant ge n

’
-
. .
,

e ral at Shil oh occurs the fo llo wi ng graph i c de scri pti o n

,

Two o cl ock had arri ved andthe who l e army was no w

“ ’

o r h ad be e n f or h o u rs e ngaged w i th the e x ce pti o n o f ,

B o we n s and Stath am s bri gade s o f the R e se rv e co rps

' ’
.

T he e ne my hadbee n d ri ve n th ro u h andfro m h al f o f hi s
g
ca mp s bu t refu
, se d to g i ve ba ck f urthe r H avi ng gi ve n w ay .
 CON F E D ER A TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 69

on hi s ri ght andl eft wi ngs he hadmasse d hi s fo rce hea vi ly

i n the ce nter a nd po u ,
red an al most u nre mi tti ng h ai l o f
fire m urdero us beyo nd descri pt i o n from hi s co ve rt o f
, ,

tree s a nd bushes wh en Ge ne ral B recki nri d ge was o r

,
.

dere d up to bre ak hi s l ine H avi ng be e n most o f the .

day i n o bserva t i o n o n the H amburg ro ad marchi ng i n ,

col u m n o f re gi me nts the re se rve was no wmo v ed by the

,

ri gh t fl a nk unti l Opp o si te the po i nt o f a ttac k the n d e

, ,

ploye d r api dly i nt o li ne o f ba t tl e Sta tham s b ri gade fo rm

’
,

ing the ri ght and Bo we n s the left The lo ng slope o f

'
.

the ri d g e was h ere a b ruptly bro ke n by a succe ssi o n o f

small b i lls o r u ndula ti o ns o f ab o u t fifty feet i n he i ght ,

d i vi di ng the roll i ng co untry from the ri ve r bo tto m; a nd

behi nd the cre st o f th e se l ast the e ne my was co nce ale d .

Opp o si te them a t the d i stance o f seve nty five y ards w

, as -
,

ano th e r l o ng sw e ll or h i llo ck the summi t o f whi ch i t was ,

nece ssary to attai n i n ord e r to o pe n fire and to t hi s ,

elevati on the re se rv e m o ve d i n o rde r o f battl e at do u bl e

u k t t the pp si ng he i ght w as one shee t
q i c . I n an i n s a n O o

of fl ame Battle s Te nne sse e re gi m e nt o n the ex tre me

.
’

ri ght ga ll a ntly ma i ntai ne d i tse l f p u sh i ng fo rw ard u nde r ,

a wi the ri ng fire and e stabli sh i ng i tse l f w ell i n advance .

Li ttl e s T e nnessee re gime nt nex t to i t de li ve re d i ts fire

'

atrand om andine m ci e ntly be came di so rd ere d andret ire d

,

i nconfu s i o n d ow n the sl o pe Th ree ti me s i t was rall i e d

. .

by i ts li e utenant co lo nel assi stedby C01 T T H awk i ns

-
,
. . .
,

aide de ca mp to Ge ne ral B re cki nri d ge and by the adj u

- -
,

tant gene r al andcarri e d up the slo pe o nl y to be as o fte n

-
,

repu l se d a nd dri ven back ; the re gi me nt o f the enemy

oppo se d to i t i n the i nte rva l s d i re cti ng an o b li q ue fi re
up o n B att l e s re gi ment no w co nt endi ng agai nst o ve r
'
,

whel m i ng odds The crisi s o f the co ntes t hadco me

. .

there wer e no mo re re se rve s andGe ne ral Brecki nri dge ,

d etermi ne d to ch arge Calli ng the staff aro und hi m he

. ,

comm u ni ca te d to them hi s i nt enti o ns andre mark e d th at

be wi th the m would l ead i t T hey we re all K e ntuck i ans . ,

an dt oug h h i t w as n o t the i r p r i v i l e ge to fi g ht th a t d a Y
70 CON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wi th the Ke ntucky bri gade they were yet me n who k ne w

,

ho w to di e b rav el y amo ng st range rs and so me a t l e ast ,

would li ve to do j usti ce to the re st The co mmander i a .

-

ch i ef
,
Ge ne ral J o h nsto n ro de up at t hi s j uncture and
,

l earning the co nt e mpla t e d mo veme nt dete rm i ned to se ,

co mp any i t Placi ng hi mse lf o n the l eft o f Li ttle s re gi

.
’

ment hi s co mmandi ng figure i n ful l uni form co nspi c

,

uo us to eve ry eye he awai t ed t h e si gnal Ge ne ral B re ck

, .

i nri d ge d i spo si ng hi s staff al o ng the l i ne rode to the ri ght

T he n wi th a wi ld sho u
, ,

o f the same re gi me nt . t wh ich ,

rose abo ve the d i n o f battl e o n swept the li ne through a

,

st o rm o f fire o v e r th e hi ll acro ss the i nte rve ni ng ravi ne

, ,

andu p the sl ope o ccu p i e d by the e ne m y N o t hi ng co uld .

wi th st and i t The e nemy b ro k e andfledf o r a h alf m il e

.
,

h o tl y p ursue d unti l he re ached the shel te r o f hi s batte ri e s .

Well di d the Ke ntuck i ans sustai n th at day thei r h o no r

andthei r fame ! O f the l i tt le band o f o ffi cers who st arted
o n that fo rl orn ho pe b u t o ne w as u nscathe d the gall ant ,

B recki nri dge h im se lf Co lone l H awk i ns was wo unde d

.

i n t he face ; Ca pta i n Alle n s le g was to rn to pi ece s by a

'

she ll ; the horses o f the fearl e ss bo y J C abe ll B re cki n ,

.

ri dge ,
and o f the adj u tant gene ral we re ki ll ed under
-

them and General J ohnsto n was l i fte d dyi ng f rom hi s

,

saddl e It may be dou

. bte d whe the r the success bri l li ant ,

as i t w as deci si ve as i t w
, as compe nsate d fo r the l oss o f
,

the gre at capt ai n .

Wh i l e the dramati c e fi ect o f th i s descri pti on i s hei ght

e ne d by t he state me nt tha t Ge ne ral J o h nsto n re ce i ve d hi s

de athwo und i n th i s charge hi s b i ograph e r says that he

.

was b ut sli ghtly wo unde d andthat the b ull e t whi ch cut

,

the th read o f hi s li fe was a stray o ne whi ch struck hi m

a f t e r the ch ar e a nd wh i l e h
g e w as i n the re ar o f Bre c k
i nri dge s l i ne i n a p o si ti o n o f co mp arati ve se cu ri ty
’
.

When d arkness cl o se d the battle o f the first day the re ,

was b ut li ttle te rri to ry and co mparati ve ly few Fede ral

tr OO PS betwe en the adv ance d Co nfed e rate l i ne s andthe
ri ve r
, and i t i s no t wi th o u t re ason to be li eve th at the
 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y 71

rem nant would h ave bee n force d to surre nde r b ut f or

the ti me l y arri val o f Ge n Wm N e l so n o f Ge ne ral B uell s . .
,
’

army w ho wi th characte ri st i c vi go r cro sse d the ri ve r and

,

wi th Col one l Amme n s bri gade o f fre sh troops p ushe d to

'
,

the front and che ck e d the C o nfe de rate ad vance H is .

o fii ci al re port confirm s the de mo ra li ze d cond i ti on of G e n

e ral G rant s army He say s I fo und co weri ng und er
’
.
,

the ri ve r b ank whe n I cro sse d fro m to me n ,

franti c wi th fri ght andutterl y dem o rali ze d who re ce i ve d ,

my gallant di visi on wi th cri e s tha t we are whi ppe d ‘

,
’

cu t to pi eces etc They we re i nse nsi b l e to shame and

,
’
.

sarcasm f o r I tri e d bo th on them ; andi ndi gnant at su

,
ch
"
pol t roone ry I aske d perm i ssi on to fire o n the knave s .

All who k now the d em o ral izi ng c fle ct of d efe a t upo n

the b rave st of men w i ll cond em n the seve ri ty of th i s lan
gu a ge i ndi ca ti ng an u
,
nre straine d vi ol e nce of tempe r ,

wh i ch l e ss th an si x month s l ate r cost N e lson hi s lif e .

Wh i l e the Co nfed e rate s were e late d wi th vi cto ry and

expect i ng to compl ete i t they were o rde redto h al t by
’

Ge ne ral Beaure gard who had succe ed e d to the co m ,

m and N ext morni ng the F e d e ral s finding the i r front

.
,

clear ad v ance d wi th the fre sh troo p s of Ge neral B ue l l s

,
'

army andthe o p
, e rati ons of the day co nsi ste d ch i e fl y in
a stu bborn retrea t b y the Confe dera te s who fe ll b ack ,

slow l y figh ting wi th pe rsi ste nce and vi gor

,
A mong .

the co mma nd s m ost heavi l y e ngage d w as the K entu cky

bri gad e wh i ch for four o r five hours he ld i ts posi ti on
,

ne ar Sh i l oh Chu r ch against a large fo rce of the enem y .

I ts l osse s were he avy A mong the ki ll e d we re M aj

. .

Thom as B M onro e Jr A dj utant F orm an and Li euten

.
, .
,

ant D oo l ey o f the F o u rth Ke ntu cky L i e utenant Col .

-

o ne l H yne s C apts Jo s P N uckol s B e n J M onroe

, . . .
, .
,

T W Thompson andJ M F i tzhe nry andLi e nta John

. . . .
,
.

B M oore Thom as Stee l e S O Peyt on and George B

.
. ,
. . .

B urnl ey were among the wo und ed D e taili ng th ese .

casual ti es the report of Co l o ne l T rab ue adds : A nd

he re al so fe ll th at nob l e pa tri ot Gov Geo rge W . .
72 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R YH IS TOR Y .

J o hnso n fte r h avi ng fought i n the ranks o f Capt

, a .

B e n M o nro e s co mpany ( E F o u rth Ke nt u ck y) w i t hun

’
.

fal te ring brave ry fro m earl y Sunday morning to t hi s

unhappy mo me nt Go ve rnor Joh nson hadaccomp ani e d
.

the army o n i ts re tre at fro m Bo wl i ng Gree n andwe nt ,

to the b att l e fie ld o n the staflof Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge on

'

Sund ay mo rni ng ; b ut whe n the Kentu cky bri gade w as

detache d he acco mp ani e d i t and se rve d on the staff o f

,

Co lo nel T rabue A t half p ast nine o cl ock hi s h o rse was

.
’

ki lle d and he th e n wi th ch aracte ri sti c spi ri t too k a

, ,

m usk et a nd se rve d as a m e mb e r o f Capt B e n J M o n ‘

. .

ro e s co mpany
’
B e ing m o rtall y wo unded o n the afte r
.

noo n o f M o nday by a mi ni e ball wh i ch passe d th ro ugh -

hi s bo dy j ust b e l o w the me d i an li ne such was hi s vi tal ,

i ty th at he lay o n the b attl e fie ld unt i l the fo llo w ing day ,

when Ge ne ral M cCoo k i n ri di ng o ve r the field f o und

, ,

hi m andhadhi m carri e d to a boat at the landi ng They .

hadmet at the Ch arl e sto n co nventi on H e survi ve d the .

ni ght be i ng ki ndl y care d f o r andwas abl e to send mes

, ,

sages to hi s fam i l y l e avi ng i n h i s last words a te stim o ny

,

tha t hi s o nl y ai m hadbee n hi s co untry s go od He was ’

.

i n hi s fifti eth y ear and had fill ed m any posi ti o ns o f

h o no r b ut had de cli ne d the no mi na ti o n for li e ute nant
,

governo r and f o r C o ngress wh e n i t was e q ui val e nt to an

el e cti on H e was a man o f pe ace b ut of the me tal to
.
,

fo ll o w hi s co nvi cti o ns whereve r duty led Ge ne ral Beau .

regard i n h ,
i s repo rt o f the batt l e th u s re fe rs to h is ,

de ath : I de epl y re gre t to re co rd al so the death o f H o n .

Ge o rge W J o hnso n pro vi sio nal go ve rno r o f Ke ntuck y

.
, ,

who w e nt i nto ac ti o n wi th the Ke ntuck y t roops and co n

ti nu ally i nsp i re d the m by h i s words ande x ampl e H av .

i ng hi s h o rse sho t under hi m on S unday he e nte re d the ,

rank so f a Ke ntu cky re gi me nt o n M o nday andfell mo r tally

wounde d to ward the cl o se o f the day N o t hi s State .

al o ne b u
, t the wh o l e C o nfe d e racy has su stai ned a gre at
,

l oss i n the death o f th i s b rave upri ght andabl e man , .

I n t he co nfl i ct s o f th i s day co nti nu e s C o l o ne l
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 73

Trabue Li e ut Co l R o be rt A J o h nsto n after e x e m

, .
-
. .
,

lary co nd u ct w as wou nde d C apt W i ll i am M i t che ll was

p , , .

ki ll e d and C apt Geo rge A K i ng andL i e ute nants G il

, . .

lu m H ardi ng andSch aub we re wound e d ; all of the F if th

,

Ke nt ucky I n the Six th Ke nt ucky L i e ute nant Colo ne l

.
,
-

Cofe r a co ol brave and effi ci e nt offi ce r was wo unde d

, , ,

Capt W W B agby andLi e ut M E A ull we re m o rtall y

. . . . . .

wo und ed ; Capts D E M cK e ndree andJ o h n G H udson

. . . .

we re l i kewi se wounde d as we re al so Li e uts L M , . . .

Tucker and Charle s D aw so n the l ast named of whom ,

was tak en p ri so ne r Late i n the eve ni ng o f th i s se co nd.

day Ge ne ral B reck i nri dge w i th the Ke ntucky b ri gad e

, ,

and Sta th am s and so me ca v alry u nd e rtook to check

’

, ,

the e nemy and cove r the retre at T hi s was a h ard .

duty expose d as the command hadbee n andwaste d as

,

they we re by the l oss of more th an h al f the i r numbe rs ;

bu t th e ge ne ral was equ al to the gre a t u nd e rta ki ng and ,

hi s offi ce rs andme n sh are d hi s d evoti o n to duty ”

The .

loss of the b ri gad e was 844 o ut o f a t o tal of somethi ng

less th an the Th i rd Ke ntucky l osi ng 1 7 4 F ourth ,

F i fth 1 3 4 Si xth 1 0 8 C o bb s b atte ry 3 7 Byr ne s 1 4

’ ’

, , , .

Co l o ne l Trab ue note s parti cularl y the gallant se rvi ce of

Cobb s andByrne s ba tteri e s both o f whi ch ma d e name s
’ ’

fo r them se l ve s se co nd to no ne i n th at arm of the se rvi ce .

The horse s of Cobb s ba tte ry we re ne arly all k i ll e d o n the

’

first day b ut he sa ve d hi s gu
,
ns whi l e o n the second d ay ,

Byrne s ba tte ry hadbee n so de pi cte dby the casual ti es of

’

ba tt l e tha t at one ti me he was assi ste d i n the servi ce o f

hi s guns by vo l unt e ers from the i nfantry of the b ri gad e .

The Seve nth Ke nt ucky i nf a ntr y Co l Charl e s Wi ckli fle , .

,

se rve d d u ri ng the b at tl e i n Co l W H Stephe ns b ri gad e

’
. . .

o f Che a th am s d i vi si o n Co l o ne l W i ck l i ff e was mo rta ll y

'
.

wo und e d and succee d e d by Li e ut Co l W D Lanno m .

-
. . . .

Late r Co l E d w ard C ro ssl and be ca me comm and e r of the

.

Se ve nth andco nt inue d so d u ri ng the w ar .

 C H A P TE R VII .

R E O R G A N IZA TI O N O F T H E AR MY AT CO R I N TH KE N —
T U CK Y C O M MAN D S G E N E RA L B RECK IN R ID G E
—
SE N T TO V IC KS B U R G I N T H E T RE N CH E S TH E R E
B ATTLE O F B ATO N R O U GE—LO SS O F R AM A R KA N
S A S—F A I L U R E O F E XPE D ITI O N I N CO NS E QU EN C E
G EN E RAL B REC KI N R ID G E D E F EATS F E D E RA L
FO RC E —L O SS I N KI LL E D A N D WO U N D ED - CAM P A T
C O M IT E R IVE R —D EPL E TIO N O F CO M M AN D B Y SI C K
NE SS—G E N E RA L B RE C K IN RI D GE IN VI TED B Y G E N
E RAL B RA GG T O CO M MAN D A D IVISIO N I N PEN D I N G
KEN TU C KY C A M PA IG N —D ECLI N ES TO LE AVE H IS
TR OO PS IN T H E I R EXT R E M I TY—E FF O R TS TO H AV E
H IM SE N T WI TH T H E M — O RD ER FIN A LLY ISSU ED
— O BSTR U CT I O N S IN TE RPO SE D —FATA L D E LAY—H E
M AR CH ES F R O M KN OXV I LLE F O R KE NTU CKY
B RAGG S R E TR EAT F R O M KE N TU C KY C O M PE LS
’

H IS RE TU RN .

HE etreat
r of the Co nfe derat e ar my in the di rce

eral B recki nri dge s command the pursui t no t’

,

h avi ng bee n p ro se cute d mo re th an five or si x mi le s The .

fall ing back was l e isure l y and i t was not unt i l the n th,

o f Ap ri l tha t the Ke ntu cky b ri gad e reache d Cori nth In .

the reo rganizati o n o f the army whi ch took pl ace here ,

Ge neral B re cki nri dge s R e serve corps was co m posed o f

’

fo ur bri gades two o f whi ch the first andseco nd co m

, , ,

p ri sed the Ke ntucky troo ps T he Fi rst bri gade co m .

,

mande d by B ri g Ge n J M H awes consi ste d o f the

-
. . .
,

F o rty first Al ab ama F o u

-
rth Ke ntu
,
cky N inth Kentu cky , ,

H al e s A l ab am a regi me nt Cli fton s A labama battal i on

’ '
,

and Byrne s b a ttery bu t the l atte r soon di sbandi ng

’

, ,

H udso n s ba tte ry took i ts pl ace The Seco nd bri gade

’
.
,

co m mand ed by B ri G e n W i l li am Pres t o n co nsi ste d o f

g .
o
.
,

the Th i rd Six th andSe ve nth Kentucky re gime nts and

, ,

74
 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 75

Cobb s b atte ry
’
The Th i rd b ri gade comp ri sing two
.
,

A rk ansas o ne Mi ssi ssi pp i and o ne M i ssouri regi me nt

, ,

was gi ven to B ri g G e n B e n H ardi n He l m -

. Bu t so o n .

afte r Ge ne ral H awes be i ng assi gne d to the Trans M i s

,

si ssi pp i d ep artme n t Ge ne ral He l m was p l aced i n co m

,

m and of the F i rst bri gad e A bo ut t he fi rst of J une the .

Co nfe d e rate army fe ll b ack to Tupel o M i ss andfrom , ,

the re the Ke nt ucky t roops we re t ransferre d to Ge ne ral

Van D o rn s d ep artme nt a ndo n the 3o thtook the i r pl ace
’
,

i n the trenches at Vi ck sb u rg The ope ra ti o ns agai nst .

hi s poi nt at tha t ti me were by the fl e et wi tho ut any l and ,

force andwer e co nfine d to the bombard me nt of the pl ace

,

b yhe avy gu ns The most d est ructi ve e nemy to the K e n

.

tucky troops was the cl i m ate from wh i ch they suff e re d ,

grea t l y .

O n the a 7 thof J u ly General B re ck i nri dge was se nt

,

to m ake an a ttack o n B aton R ouge whe re was a F e d e ral ,

fo rce of th ree or fo ur thousand the p urpo se be ing to ,

h ave the C o nfed e ra te ram A rk ansas cc ope rate i n the -

expe di ti on H i s re po rt to be found i n the R ebe ll i o n

.
,

R ecord s Vo l X V page 7 6 state s th at he l eft wi th l e ss

, .
, ,

th an me n who i n two d ay s we re re d uce d by si ck ness

,

to He we nt by rai l to T angi pahoa whe nce B ato n ,

R o uge i s 5 5 m i l es west On the 4thhe arri ve d at the

.

Comi te ri ve r w i th i n 1 0 m i l e s o f B ato n R o uge andat

, ,

1 1 p. m o n the same ni gh t he m arche d f o r th at poi nt

.
,

re ach i ng i ts vi c i ni ty befo re day l i ght o n the sth Whi l e .

w ai ti ng fo r d ay l i ght a se ri ous acci d ent occurre d A .

party of range rs p lace d i n re ar of the art i ll e ry f le ake d

, ,
‘

th rong and ri d i ng fo rw ard e nco u ntere d the e nemy s

‘

pi ckets ca usi ng exch ange of shots Gall opi ng b ack they

, .

p rod uce d confusi on wh i ch l e d to rap i d firi ng d uri ng

, ,

whi ch Ge ne ral He l m was d ange ro usl y wound e d by the

fall of hi s horse and hi s ai d e Li e ut A H Todd was
, , . . .
,

ki ll ed He l m was a brothe r i n law of M rs L i nco ln - - .

Li e utenant Todd was her h al f b ro the r C apta i n R obe rt s- .

,

of the Second Ke ntu cky w as d ange ro u sl y wou

,
nde d and ,
76 C O N F E D ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

two o f C apta i n Co bb s th ree guns re ndere d f o r the t i me

’

use l e ss T he e nemy t h us aro used awai t e d attack i n two

.
,

li nes O ur tr00 ps ad vanced i n si ngl e l i ne wi th stro ng

.

re se rve s a t i nte rv al s T he Se co nd d i vi si o n Ge ne ral

.

R uggl e s a d vance d to the att ack o n the l e f t W i th i mp

,
et

uosi ty chee ri ng and d ri vi ng the e nemy befo re i t Ge n

, .

e ral Pre stonh av i ng be e n l eft si ck at Vi ck sb urg Co l A P , . . .

T h o mpso n l ed the F i rs t b ri gad e o f the di vi sio n and ,

was se ri o usl y wo unde d i nthe ch arge The Fi rst di vi si o n .

,

Ge ne ral C l ark compo sed o f o ne bri gade under Col

, .

T h o mas H H unt and o ne unde r Co l T B Smi th

. . . .
,

T we nti et h Te nne sse e d rove the e nemy o n the ri ght ,

unti l afte r se ve ral h o urs fighti ng he hadfalle n back to a '

gro ve j u st b ack o f the pe ni te nti ary The fight w as hot .

andst u bbo rn andhe re the di vi si on met the grea test lo ss

, .

Co lone l H unt was sho t do wn and at the suggest io n o f ,

Ge ne ral C l ark Capt J o h n A Buckne r Ge ne ral B reck

, . .
,

i nri dge s adj utant ge ne ral was place d i n co mmand o f the

’
-
,

bri gade Sho rtly aft erward Ge ne ra l Cl ark rece i ve d a

.

wo und tho ught to be m o rtal when unde r so me mi sappre ,

he nsi o nthe F i rst b ri gade o f hi s d i vi si o n be ganto fall back ,

b ut ral li e d and i n a re ne wed a tta ck the e ne my was

.

d ri ve n b ack and di sappe are d i n the to wn M aj J C . . . .

Wi ckli fi e co mma nded t he N i nt h re gi me nt Co l J W , . . .

Caldwe ll ha vi ng be e n inj ured i n the acci de nt o f the early

mo rni ng ando bl i ged to reti re H e re the Co nfe de rates .

su fi e re d fro m t he fire o f t he fl ee t b u t i n the e ndthe ,

e ne my we re co mpletely ro ute d and di dno t agai n appe ar

duri ng the day I t was no w 1 0 o cloc k and they had
.
’
,

l i ste ne d i n vai n for the guns o f the ram Ar ka nsas wh i ch , ,

i t prove d haddi sable d her m achi nery when fo ur m i le s

,

abo ve Bato n R o u ge and to p reve nt he r fall i ng i nto the

, ,

h ands o f the F ederal fleet near by ha dbe e n ab ando ne d ,

andset o n fire by h er ofl i ce rs Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge i n .

,

vi e w o f th i s fai l ure o f cc o pe rat i o n suspe nde d furth e r -

,

a t tack and be i n
, g wh o ll y u nmo le ste d w i t hd re w to hi s ,

ca mp a t Com i te ri ve r H i s to t a l lo ss was 46 7 k i ll e d
.
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 77

wound e d d mi ssi ng an F rom the heat of the we ather .

andscarci ty of d ri nki ng w a te r th e men suff e re d gre a tly .

Ge ne ral B reckinri d ge sai d : The e nemy we re we ll

cl oth ed and the ir e ncam pme nt s showe d the pre se nce of
eve ry co mfort and eve n l ux ury Our men hadli ttle .

transpo rta ti on i nd i ff ere nt food andno she l te r H alf o f

, .

them had no coats and h undred s of th e m we re wi th o ut

,

ei ther shoe s or socks Ye t no troops eve r beh ave d w i th.

grea te r gallantry andeve n rec k l e ss au daci ty Wh at can .

m ake t hi s di ff e re nce unl e ss i t be the sub lM e co urage

,

i nsp i re d by a j ust cau se ?

W i th i n a few day s Ge ne ral B rec ki nri dge se nt a sm all

force and occupi e d Port H ud so n above Baton R o uge ,

wh i ch beca me afte rward a forti fied pl ace seco nd o nl y to

Vi cksb urg The eff ect of the cl i mate o n his troops was
.

f earful no t i n the numbe r of d ea th s b ut i n di sabl i ng

, ,

them f or du ty A report of Surg J W Th o mpso n of

. . . .
,

the Fi rst b ri gade in wh i ch we re the Thi rd Sixth and

, ,

Seventh Ke nt ucky shows tha t o n arri ving a t Vi ck sb urg

, ,

J une 3 o th the re were , me no n duty ; o n l e avi ng

Vi ck sburg J ul y 2 7 th o n du ty afte r the battl e of
,

Baton R o uge 5 84 ,
.

It was j u st o ne week after th e b att l e th at the w ri te r of

th i s h i story vi si te d the camp He found Ge neral B re ck .

i nri d ge e ncampe d o n the Comi te ri ve r a sm all st ream ,

w i th lo w bank s and flat wood e d l ands adj ace nt wi th , ,

every mal ari al i ndi cati on The wan enfee bl e d aspect of .

,

hi s men was p i ti ab l e to l ook upon andhe was ch afing ,

und er the orde rs wh i ch he ld them i nacti ve i n such a

pe st i l enti al l ocali ty The wri te r hadcome from Ge ne ral
.

Bragg then at Cha ttanooga pre p ari ng to move i nto K e n

,

tucky andbrou , g h t wi th hi m the fo ll o wing l ette r :

C ha t tanoo ga A ugust 8 1 86 2 , , .

M aj Gen J C B recki nri d ge :

.
o
. . .

M y d e ar Ge neral : H avi ng b ut ti me f o r a note f or

Mr Johnston I m ust l eave him to expl ain wh at he
.

know s or suspects of the future M y army has p rom i se d .

78 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

to m ak e me m i l i t ary go ve rnor o f O h i o i n 90 da ys ( Se w
ard s ti me f o r cru
’
sh i ng th e re be ll i o n
) and as they
,

no t do th a t wi t ho ut passi ng yo u r home I h ave th o u , g ht

y o u w ou ld l i ke to h ave a n e sco rt to vi si t y o u r fami l y .

Seri o u sl y I sh o u , ld be much be t t e r sa ti sfied were yo u

wi th me o n the i mpe ndi ng campai gn Yo ur infl ue nce in.

Ke ntucky wo uld b e e qual to an e xtra di vi si o n to my

army ; b u t yo ucan re ad i l y se e my e mb arrassme nt Yo u r .

di vi si o n canno t be b ro ught he re no w To separat e yo u .

fro m i t mi ght be i nj uri o us and e v e n unple asant to yo u ,

andno t sa t i sfacto ry to Ge neral Van D o rn I f yo ude si re

.

i t and Ge ne ral Van D o rn wi ll co nsent yo ush all co me

, ,

at once A co mma nd i s re ady f o r yo u andI sh all h o pe

.
,
"
to se e you r eye s beam agai n at th e co mmand F o rward
as they d i dat Sh i l o h i n the mi dst o f o u
, r greate st su ccess .

Ge ne ral Lo ve ll i s di se ngage d and mi ght re pl ace yo u o r ,

I wou ld chee rfull y gi ve Ge ne ral Van D o rn any o ne I

co u ld spare I t wo uld a lso pl e ase me to se e G e neral
.

Pre sto n al o ng b ut I fear to m ake too great s draft o n

,

yo ur command .

I f agre e abl e to y o u rse lf and Ge ne ra l Van D o rn yo u

h ave no ti me to l ose We o nly awai t o ur trai n andthe
.

ca pt u re o f th e fo rce s at Cu mbe rl and G ap bo th o f wh i ch ,

we ho pe to he ar fro m
Ou r p rospects w e re ne v e r mo re e nco u ragi ng .

M ost re spe ctfu lly andtrul y yo urs ,

B a a xr o u B a a o o .

Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge was e age r to go i nto K e ntuck y ,

bu t sai d th a t ev e n i f Van D o rn w o u ld gi ve his co nse nt

he wo uld no t vo l unt ari ly l e ave hi s me n i n the co ndi t io n
they were andso advi se d Ge ne ral Bragg urgi ng that he
, ,

be perm i tte d to tak e wi th hi m hi s Ke ntucky co mmand

The wri te r bore hi s answe r urge d i t upo n Ge ne ral Van
,

D o rn i n pe rso n at hi s h e ad quarte rs at J ackso n M i ss and , ,

upon the Pr esi de nt at Ri chmond by l etter A few days .

la te r t he Kentucky se nators and representati ve s i n the

Confe de ra te Co ngre ss addre ssed Presi de nt D avi s as
follows
Ri chm o nd Va A ugust 1 8 1 86 1
, , , .

H o n J e ff e so n D a vi s
.

r ,
Pre mde nt o f the Co nfe d e rat e St ate s
Si r : H a v i ng such i nfo rma ti o n as sa t i sfie s us that the
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 79

Weste rn army i s no w movi n i n two col um ns i n the

di recti on of Ke nt ucky o ne co umn und e r the co mm and
,

of Ge ne ral B ragg from Ch attanooga andthe o the r und e r

the i mme di ate comm and of M aj Ge n E Ki rby Smi th
-
. .
,
and ente rtai ni ng no do u bt th a t Ge ne ral Sm i th wi ll be
abl e i n a shor t ti me to re ach the ve r he art of the more
we al thy andpopulo us port i on of o ur S tate andbe l i evi ng
,

fro m i nfo rm at i on de ri ve d fro m so urce s e nt i tl e d to cre di t

th at a large m ajori ty of the peopl e of the Sta te sym
pathi ze wi th the So uth andth a t a large p ropo rti on of the
young me n w i ll a t o nce joi n o ur army we re gard i t as o f
,

the ve ry h i ghest i mpo rtance th at as m any o f the o ffi ce rs

i n the se rv i ce o f the gove rnme nt as are fro m the St ate
of Ke nt ucky and who h ave he retofo re he ld posi ti on i n
andh adthe confi d ence of the peop l e of the State shou ,
ld
be i n Ke nt ucky whe n the army reache s the re We d o .

no t re gard th i s as so i m p o rtant l ooki ng me re l y to mi l

rese nt i t to yo u r consi d e r
e h ave no wi n Kentu cky
a ci vi l gove rnme nt oppo se d to u s ; e l ect i ons h ave rece ntl y
bee n he ld i n wh i ch the voi ce of the peopl e was supp resse d
b the o rd e r of the m i li tary gove rno r of the Sta te ; 5 01
y
di e rs we re p laced around the b all ot box es ; the peopl e
-

we re no t pe rm i tte d to vote wi thout tak i ng odi o us o aths

pre scri be d by the mi li tary autho ri ti es unknown to andi n
derogati on of the Consti tut i on; candi da tes who we re the
favori tes of the maj o ri ty of the peop l e who would h ave
,

bee n e l ec ted we re pe remptori l y orde re d to at o nce wi th

,

draw from the canvass unde r pe nal ty o f be i ng i mme di

ate l y se nt to a mi l i tary p ri so n and the o ffi ce rs
el ecti on we re di rec te d no t to pface the name s of candi o

d ate s o n the po ll books unl e ss they we re known to b e

-

l oy al to the F e d e ral governme nt of wh i ch l oyal ty the re

,

was no standard exce pt the capri ce the passi on o r the

,

i nte rest of the o fii ce rs them se l ve s .

Yo u wi ll at once pe rce i ve th at sho u ld we ge t mi li tary

po sse ssi on of the St ate o ne of the first th i ngs to be d one
wi ll b e to ove rthrow thi s usurpa ti on andto gi ve to the
,

peopl e of the Sta te an opportuni ty of e stab li shi ng such

a governme nt as they may d e si re ando f e l ect i ng su ch
o fii ce rs to execu te the powe rs of gove rnme nt as they may
ef e r
. It then be co me s i m rtant th at the ci ti ze ns of
e ntu cky who h ave the co n d e nce o f the gr e at bod y of
the peopl e andwho have been i nti m ate l y associ ate d wi th
,
80 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

them both i n p ri vate l i fe and i n the co nd uct of publi c

afi ai rs sh o u ld re turn to the St ate to ai d a ndcoo pe rate
wi th the pe o pl e i n the ir e ff o rts to o ve rth ro wthe de spo t
,

i sm t h at no w O pp re sse s the m andre e stab li sh co nsti tu -

ti c hal free go v e rnme nt i n t he S ta t e We are fully co n .

vi nce d th a t th e i r p rese nce amo ng the i r o ldfri e nds and

fe ll o w ci t i z e ns at thi s ti me wo uld be atte nde d wi th the
h appi e st re sul ts bo t h to the pe o pl e o f the State andto
the Co nfe de ra cy ; and we wo uld th e re fo re m ost re s ct
full y sugge st andre co mmend th at as m any o f the o ce rs
and so ld i e rs fro m Ke nt u cky i n th e se rv i ce as can be

spa re d f o r the p u rpose w i th a du e regard to o the r e xi

e n ci e s and i nte re sts sh o u ld be temp o rari l y wi th d ra wn
g ,

fro m othe r duty andattached to the army e nte ri ng that

Sta te .

We w o uld therefo re respe ctfull y suggest that Maj o r

Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge wi th hi s di vi si o n ge ne rals B uck
, ,

ne r andM arsh all be se nt to Ke nt uck y

,
.

We h ave the h onor to b e very re spe ctfully ,

Yo u r o be di ent se rvants ,

Jo a n W Cs o cxnrr H EN R Y E R E A D
'
.
, .
,
6 2 0 W E wmo
. .
,W E S ums . .

W B M aca w
,

H C B us s sr r ,

sc xmaw
. . . .
,

R . Bu os G ao B H o ne s
, . .
,

E . B a uc e , Ja me s S Ca msmm . .

Pre si de nt D avi s o n rece i p t o f thi s l e tte r re ne wed hi s

, ,

o rde r al re ady gi ven di rect i ng th at Ge ne ral B re ck i nri dge

shou ld acco mpany the mo veme nt A f ew d ays l a te r .

Ge ne ral H ardee se nt hi m t he fo llo wi ng di spatch

Chatta noo ga Te nn A ugust 2 3 1 86 2 , , .

M a o r Ge ne ral B re ck i nri dge :

'
-

o me h e re i f possi bl e I h ave a spl e nd i d di vi si o n fo r

.

y o u t o l e ad i nto Ke nt u ck y to w h i ch wi ll be at ta ch e d all
,

t he me n Gene ral Van D orn can spare to bri ng wi th yo u .

W J H A R D EE M aj o r Ge nera l
. .
,
-
.

T o whi ch Ge ne ral B reck inri dge repl i e d

J ack so n M i ss A ugust 2 5 1 86 3 , , , .

M aj o r Ge nera l H arde e Ch att ano o ga

-
,

R e se rve the d i vi si o n f or me I wi l l l e ave he re i n a

f e w d ay s wi th a small force o f Ke nt u
.

ck i ans andT e n
ne sse eans .
JO H N C B as cxmamo s . .
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 81

Ge neral B ragg l eft Ch attanoo ga fo r Ke nt ucky o n the

2 8th of A u g us t The da
.
y befo r e he s ta rte d he w rote as ,

follow s
Chatta nooga A ugust 3 7 1 86 2 , , .

M ajo r Ge ne ral B recki nri dge :

-

M y D ear General : We l ea ve f o r yo ur be l ove d home to

morrow Would that yo u we re Wi th us Yo ur d i vi si o n
. .

i s re ad y for you as soon as yo ujo i n b u t yo um u

,
st hu rry
upto ove rtake us B ue ll i s anx i ous appare ntl y to ge t to
.

Ci nci nna ti before us b ut we e nvy hi m the honor Ge n

,
.
o

eral j o nes ( Sam ue l ) had ord e rs to o rgani ze arm and ,

equi p all straggl ers recove re d si ck andthose abse nt from

, ,

l eave and h ave them re ad y to j o i n yo u The quarte r .

maste r d epartme nt has orde rs to be re ad y to se nd yo uon .

M ove wi th 1 00 ro u nd s o f amm u ni t i o n and tw e nty five .

of Sparta and B urkesvi ll e

i nto the h eart of
You rs mo st tru ly ,

B s a xr o n B ruc e .

The above andm u ch more co rrespond e nce o n th e su b

j ec t w i ll be fo un d i n the R ebe ll i o n R e c o r ds V ol XVI P art ,
.
,

All of i t i nd i ca tes B ragg s e arnest d esi re to h ave

'
II.

Ge neral B re cki nri dge wi th hi m andthe equall y ard e nt

,

wi sh of the l atter to respo nd B ut i t was no t to be

. .

Ge neral Van D o rn hadin vi ew a camp ai gn agai nst Ge n

eral R osecrans wh i ch late r cul m i nate d i n di saste r at I uka
andCori nth andd i dno t wi sh to gi ve u
, pG eneral B reck
i nri dge . He was detai ne d i n M i ssi ssi pp i unti l P msi dent
D a vi s be i ng appri se d of the si tu
, at i o n gave pe rempto ry ,

ord e rs whi ch se cure d hi s re l e ase E ve n the n he was

.

hampe redwi th the d uty of co ll e cti ng at Kno x vi ll e all the

rece nt l y ex ch ange d p ri sone rs f u rl o u
, g he d m e n a nd co n
vale sce nts so th at he d
, i d no t ge t to K noxvi ll e unt i l
O ct o ber 3 d as show , n by a d i sp at ch of th at da te sayi ng ,

I h ave j u st arri ved here wi th men all th at Ge n ,

o

eral Van D orn would l et me h ave A bout . ex

change d pri sone rs wi ll arri ve i n a day or two H adhe .

bee n perm i tte d at the start to take wi th hi m hi s old ske l

eton re gi ments and p ush forward e ff ecti ng a j uncti on .

xx-o
82 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wi th B ragg i n ce ntral Ke ntuck y he would h ave

,

re cru i ted them to a m axi m u ,

m andmi ght have gi v e n or
l eft for us a di fi e re nt h istory of that pe ri od A s i t was
.
,

vexati ous d e lays still f urthe r detai ne d hi m and i t was ,

no t unti l O ctober 1 4th th a t he was ab l e to l e ave Knox

vi ll e Whe n he had re ac he d wi th i n twe nty e i ght m ile s-

of Cumbe rland Gapo n the 1 7 th he rece i ve d an ord er from

,

Ge ne ral B ragg wri tten at Barboursvi ll e Ky O ctober

, .
,

1 4 th d i recti ng hi m to retu
, rn to K noxvi ll e H i s furth er
.

op e rat i o ns wi ll appear i n a late r ch apte r

.
 C H A PTE R VIII .

O PEN IN G O F T H E SU M M E R CA M PAI G N I N oo R ELA w—

TIVE ST RE N G T H AN D PO SIT I O N O F FE D E R AL AN D
CO N F E D E RA TE F O R C ES—G EN E R A L B U E LL S M O VE ’

M E N T F R O M C O R I N TH F O R TH E RE D U CT IO N O F
—
EAST TE N N ESS E E G E N E R A L G W M O R G AN S A D
. .
'

VAN C E O N C U M B E R LAN D GAP—I TS F IN AL O CC U PA

TIO N B Y H I M - G E N E R AL B RA GG S U CC EE D S GEN
ERA L B E AU R E G AR D A T T U PE LO —G EN ERA L E KI R B Y .

SM ITH IN EAST TEN N E SSE E H I S C RI TICAL PO SI

-

TIO N — G EN ERA L B U E LL T H R EATE N S C H ATTA

N OO G A —H I S S UCC ESS SEEM S A SS U R ED G E N E RAL -

PO PE SLU R S T H E CO N FE D ERA TE AR MY AT T U PE LO
GEN E RA L B RA GG CO N TEM PLATES MO VI N G
N O RTH WARD TO STRI K E B U ELL I N F LAN K- PL AN
A B AN D O N E D AS I M PR ACT I C AB LE —AN OT H ER BRIL
LIAN T ST R AT EGIC M O VE D EC ID ED O N .

the narrat i ve has been somewh at

e seque nce of eve nts ant i ci pated in ,

the fore go ing facts i nwh at se e ms the

best fo rm fo r a good und erstand i ng of a subje ct whi ch has
never bee n m ad e c l e ar to Ke ntuck i ans and i n refe re nce
,

to whi ch the re has been no li ttl e i ncorrec t rep resenta

ti on Pe ndi ng the events wh i ch have bee n d etai l ed as
.

parti ci pate d i n by the Ke ntucky t roops und e r Ge ne ra l

B recki nri d ge i mpo rtant moveme nts were i n progre ss in
,

othe r parts o f the d ep artme nt of the M i ssi ssi p pi whi ch

we re so on to change the whol e aspect o f aff ai rs The
two opposi ng armi e s wh i ch co nfronte d e ach othe r at
,

Cori nth after Sh i l oh passe d through a season of i nac

,

ti o n in whi ch no d e fini te po li cy could be di sce rne d and ,

no co nsi d e rabl e ach i evement w as pe rfor me d by e i the r .

Each seeme d to w ai t o n the o the r . M emph i s hadf al

le n and the F e de ral forces we re i n und i sp uted posse s
,

si on of all Te nnessee we st o f the C u mbe rland mountai ns .

83
84 C ON F E D E R A TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

T hey a s l o occupi ed
no rth A la bama and north Mi ssi s
si ppi , M i sso uri and the S ta te o f A rkansas nort h o f the
,

Ark ansas ri v e r The M i ssi ssi ppi ri ve r was o pe n fro m

.

the no rth to Vi cksburg andfro m the gulf to Port H udso n .

T h i s was the F e deral si t ua ti o non the 1 0 thof J une , 1 86 2 .

General H all eck , i n co mmand o f the departme nt o f the

”

West , had at andnear Co ri nth , M i ss , an army o f m o re

th an men unde r Ge neral s Grant B uell andPo pe , .

The Confe de rate army u nde r Ge ne ral Be au re gard was at

T upe lo M i ss f o rty five mi le s south o f Co ri nth and

, ,
o
,

numbe re d me n o f all arms The Co nf e de rates

.

we re co nte nt apparentl y to re mai n o n the defe nsi ve

, , ,

whi le the co mmander o f the F ede ral fo rces hesi t ated to

pe netrate further so uth wi th a cl i mate dangerous to hi s
troops a l i ne o f suppl y di fi cult to mai nt ai n andwi th nu
, ,

p ro tec ted flanks i nvi ti ng assaul ts fro m an e nt e rprisi ng

ca val ry B ut as no th i ng i s so de moral i z i ng as i nacti vi ty
.

i n an army andpo p ul ar cl amo r at the N o rth was lo u

,
d in
i ts de m ands f or a m o re acti v e campai gn the F e d e ral co m
,

mander suddenl y ro use d hi mse l f fro m the l ethargy wh i ch

se e medto h a v e be en su peri nd uce d by the languor o f the
su mme r s h e at The acti vi ty o f Gene ral M cClellan i n
'
.

the east ha d b ee n a t thi s t ime i n m ark e d co ntrast and ,

c o nfide nce hadgro w n sangui ne th at he wo u ld succeed i n

hi s o pe rati o ns agai nst Ri ch mo nd B ut McCle llan s ad
.
’

v ance had resul ted in hi s defe at at Se ve n Pi ne s o n M ay

Lee s gre at vi cto ri e s i n the Se v e n D ays b attl e s
'
3 o th
’
.

fo ll o we d andthe F ede ral armi es were force d to re treat

, .

Po li ti ca l nece ssi ty and the po pul ar d i sconte nt re qui re d

that the army o f the We st sho uld shak e o ff i ts l e th argy .

A campai gn i n the West on a l a rge scal e was so o n pro

j e ct e d
. O n the 9 th o f J une Ge ne ra l H all eck hadno ti fi ed
the war department at Washi ngto n that he w ould se nd
all fo rce s no t re q ui re d to h old the M emph i s 8: Ch arle sto n
rai l ro ad to re i nfo rce Gene ral C u rt i s at H e l ena A rk ,

and to E ast T e nne sse e to wh i ch Se cretary Stanton

,

repl i e d o n the 1 1 th: T he Presi dent i s gre at l y gr atifi e d

“
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y I I I S TOR Y . 86

at your contem pla te d moveme nts menti one d i n your te l e ~

"
g ra m two d a y s ago A t last i t seeme d th at the U topi an
.

scheme of re scu i ng E ast Te nnessee from the Co nfe d er

ate s w as to be m ad e the ch i ef fe atu re o f the cammi gn .

O n the xath Ge neral H all eck revoke d hi s pre vi o u s o rde rs

whi ch had di vi de d the army into ri ght ce nte r and l eft ,

wi ngs and d i recte d Gene ral s G rant B ue ll and Pope to ,

resu me co mm and of the i r re spe ct i ve co rps vi z the arm i e s ,

.

of the Te nne sse e of the O h i o ando f the M i ssi ssi pp i

, .

Ge ne ral B ue ll s army of the O h i o consi ste d at that ti me

’

of the Se cond di vi si on Ge n A M cD M c cook com , . . .

,

pri sing the b ri gades o f Ge ne ral s R ose crans R i ch ard W , .

Joh nso n and Col one l F re de ri ck Stambaugh wi th th ree ,

ba tte ri es o f artill ery : the Th i rd d i visi o n M aj Ge n ,

-
.

O M M i t che l compose d of the b ri ga des o f Ge ne rals

. .
,

Turch in Si ll and Lytl e the F ourth O h i o cavalry and

, ,

three b atte ri e s of artill ery :the F ourth di vi si o n B ri g Ge n ,

.
-
.

Wi lliam N e lson contai ni ng b ri gad es of Ge ne rals Ammen

, ,

Grose and M anson and t hree ba tte ri es of arti ll ery : the

F i fth di vi si on B ri g G e n Th o mas L Cri tte nd en co n
,
-
. .
,

tai ni ng bri gade s of Ge ns J T Boyl e and VanCle ve . . .

and tw o b a tte ri es of arti ll e ry : the Si xth di vi si o n B ri g , .

Ge n T J Wood contai ning b ri gad es of Gene rals

. . .
,

H ascall G arfie ld and Wagne r and th ree b atteri e s o f

,

arti ll e ry : the Seve nth di v i si on B ri g G e n Geo W , .

-
. . .

Morgan co nta i ni ng Ca rte r s Spe ars D e Co urcy s and

’ ’ ’

, , ,

Bai rd s b ri gad es the Si xth cav al ry and th ree batteri es

’
,
.

Be si d es these o rgani zat i o ns the re we re th ree i ndepe nd e nt

i nf antry b ri gad e s comm and e d by Ge ne ral N e gl ey Col o ne l ,

Leste r andGene ral D u mont wi th four re se rve batte ri e s , ,

a bri ga d e o f ca v al ry e l eve n u nattache d re gi me nts and

,

th ree batte ri e s of arti ll e ry Th i s by the tri m o nthl y re .

-

port o f J une ro th showe d p rese nt f o r d uty o ffi ce rs

an d me n .

On the i 2 th of J une Ge neral B u e ll s d epartme nt was ’

anno unce d in o rde rs as emb raci ng the State s of K e ntucky

andT ennesse e east o f the Te nnessee ri ve r, except F o rts

88 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

H e nr y
d D o ne l so n and such po rti o ns o f north Ala
an ,

bama and Ge o rgi a as we re o r mi ght b e occupie d by the

Fe de ral t roo ps Abo ut the Same ti me Ge ne ral B u
. e ll was

di recte d to mo ve e astward a nd t ake posse ssi on o f E ast

T e nne sse e Ge neral H all eck pre ferre d that he sho u
. ld
go b way o f C a a noo ga, b ut l e
y h tt i t e nti re l to Ge neral ft y
B ue ll s ju
'
d men to se l e c his ro ue , andas will b e see n
g t t t
t g p f
la e r, he ave re e re nce to the mo re no r e rn ro ue b t y th
w y o f M cM i nnvi lle b out h lf w y b et we en N ash vi lle
a , a a a

a nd Chatt n g a A s p rt f thi pl n Ge n Ge o rge

oo a
. a o s a .

W M rgan had al ready be n se nt wi th hi s di vi i n t

. o e s o o

Cumbe l nd G p to eo 0p rat b y a m veme nt upon

r a a ,
- e e o

Kno vi ll e fro m th t po int

x As the o pe rati o ns o f the
a .

armi f G n r l s G nt andPap w
es o e e a i ll n t co me unde r
ra e o

furth e r o bse rvati on i n th e se pages i t i s not nece ssary to ,

e nt r i nt
e de t i l s t th i r o rg ni ati on The f rme r
o a s a o e a z . o

was as i gn d to Memph i s and to the rel i f o f Ge neral

s e e

Cu rt is i n Ark an as and th e l atter to Co ri nth

s , ppar ,
a

e nt l y to w atch if no t t m v e against the Co nf d

, e rate
o o
,
e

army t Tu ap lo e .

A gai nst su h n g ni ti n w c i thsuch serves to d raw

a or a za o
,
re

upo n suchreso urces f eq

,
ui pme nt andsuppl y andsuch o ,

f ci l i ti f t n po rtat ion the stud nt f t d y wi th

a es or ra s , e o o a

the fu ll offi cial p ubl i ca t i ns b f re hi m wi ll wo nd r th at o e o e

any fu rth er e ff ecti ve re i stance co u ld b e o ppos d to the s e

o ccu pation f any part f the So uth i n p e si on o f the

o o o ss s

Confed erat e s upo n wh i ch ,

m v m nt sh o uld b e mad e
,
a o e e .

Sinc th di sa tro u
e e s l oss o f K entu
s ck y and T nn ssee e e ,

andth e battl f F rt D o n lso n nd Sh i l h i n whi ch

es o o e a o , ,

ap rt fro m th
a e te rri tori al l oss th sacrifi ce o f lif e bo th i n ,
e

number andmeri t hadbe e n gri e vo us th e r hadbe n n ,

e e o

Co nf ed e r te vi to ry to o ff
a t these mul ti pli ed di te rs ;
c se sas

andb y all th ru l es wh i ch wo uld se e m to g ve rn human

e o

a cti on i t w u ld b e i nf o d th t the h o p l e ness o f d e rre a e ss e

spai r w ou ld h ave ttl d do wn upo n the So uth e rn pe o pl e

se e

a ndrende re d th m i nca p bl e o f f u rth e r res i stance

e B uta .

i t w no t
as I n te ad o f be i ng o ve rwh e l me d i n spi ri t
so . s
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 87

thei r co urage andfe rti li ty of resource rose andne wand ,

more e ne rgeti c means of re si stance we re pro je cte d whi ch

turned defe at i nto vi ctory and wrung e ve n from the i r ,

bi ttere st d e tractors re l uctant appl ause .

The bod y of the Confed e rate st re ngth as has bee n sai d , ,

was at th i s t i me at Tupe l o M i ss under m alari al , ,

condi t i ons wh i ch gave more app rehe nsi on than the over
,

sh ad on rep u tat i on o f Ge ne ral Pe pe soo n to be h ai l e d ,

as the co m i ng man and the succe sso r o f M cC le llan .

There we re no othe r tr00 ps west of the C umbe rl and range

of any conseq uence except those alread y refe rre d to at
Vi cksburg andconti guous te rri t o ry I n E ast Tennessee
, .
,

to wards w hi ch the form i dab l e army o f Ge neral B uell was

abo u t to move there was a force no t l arger than th at of
,

Ge n G W M o rgan soon to occupy i ts st ro ngest defe nse

. . .
, .

Ge n E Ki rby Sm i th a trai ned so ldi er was i n co mmand

. .
, ,

of the d epartme nt of E ast Te nne sse e wi th he ad quarte rs

at K no x vi ll e The fo rce unde r hi m consisted onl y of the
.

two small di vi si o ns of Ge n C L Steve nso n andGe n D . . . . .

Le ad b e tte r wi th a sm all b u
, t e fi ci e nt bo dy of caval ry .

Gen G W M o rgan of B ue ll s army hadalrea d y m o ve d

’
. . .
, ,

wi th his di vi si on agai nst C umbe rland Gap andby flank ,

ing i t thro u gh gaps to the sou th hadre ached the v all ey ,

on the e ast si d e th re ate ni ng to i mm u

,
re S teve nso n i n the

gap as M o rgan was l ate r by the Confe de rate s Ge ne ral .

Smi th move d f rom Knoxvi ll e to mee t M organ i f he ,

shou ld turn i n t hat di recti on; b ut on the 1 8th Stevenson

was compe ll ed to ev acuate the gapbe fore M organ s supe ’

ri or nu mbe rs andth e F e d eral s occupi e d the G ap Ge n

,
.

eral Sm i th who hadbee n appri se d of the F e deral move

,

ment fro m Corinth no w re al i ze d the full scope of B ue ll s

,
'

planf o r the occupa ti o n o f E ast Tenne ssee H i s si tua ti on .

was so cri ti cal th at o n the r2 f b of J une pri or to the oc ,

cu pa ti on of the G a p he h ad a pp l i
,
e d to Ge n era l B ea nt e
gard f o r ai d stat ing tha t hi s dep artment was threatened
,

from C um b e rland G apandM i ddl e Te nnessee B e aure .

g a rd r ep li e d tha t i t wo u ld be f a t a l t o d et ach an y t r00 p s

88 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y

fro m hi s arm y
The si u
. a i on w t t
as i nd ee d al armi ng .

G e neral Mo rga n had re q t

ue s e d Ge neral B ue ll to make a
t t t h tt
d e mons ra i on agains C a anoo ga, and o n the 1 4tho f
p t
J une a ar o f Ge n 0 M M i tc e l s di vi si on had o cen
. . . h ’

p t
i e d S e v e nso n, ando n the 1 8thh admad e a d e mo ns ra t
t pp t h tt
i o n o osi e C a anoo ga as if i n e ndi ng to cro ss At t .

t t y f
hi s i me the o nl orce at C a tanoo ga consi s e d o f aht t
p t Le ad b e tte r s di vi si on w th th ty
'
ar of i no o e r i nf an r
th t t f
neare r a n ha co n ron i ng G eneral Morgan at Cu t mber
land Gap A vi goro us mov emen o n C a anoo ga wo uld
. t h tt
t
have resul e d i n i ts ca ure , andthe conse q pt uence s wo uld
h ave bee n v ery di sas ro u s to th t e Co nf e de ra e ca u se t .

Ge ne ral H all eck see ms to ave co n em la ed h a is t p t th t th

t
con i nge nc y
mi g ht
arri ve as i n a e e r to Secre ar
, l tt t y
t t
S an on o f J u ne n th ( R e b e ll io n R e cords, Vol XVI . .

p t p
ar a, age x4 , h
) e sa s : y
Ge ne ral B u e l s co l u
'
mn is l
mo ving oward C a anoo ga and Cumberland Gap If
t h tt .

the e nem s ou y h h
ld ave e vacua e d E as Te nnesse e and t t
Cu mbe rl and G ap, as re o r e d , B ue ll wi ll ro babl mo ve
p t p y
on A lan at t I t wi ll ro b ablp y t
ak e so me i me to cl e an t
ou t the gu erri lla ar i es i n Wes Te nnesse e andN or
p t t th
pp h p y
Mi ss i ssi i , and I s all ro b abl b e o b l i ge d to use hem p
"
p tty f y
re re e l f o r ha t tp p
ur ose h
T i s U tO p i an vi e wof
.

p t
the e x ec e d mi ll e nni u m w e n e m co uld b e subs i ue d
h h p tt t
y t y pt t
for ba o ne s i nd i cate d a ver o i mis i c hut erro neo u s

di agno si s o f the si ua i o n t t .

On the 1 7 tho f J une Ge ne ral B eaure gard, w ho hadl ong

be en an i nvali d, was gi ve n l ea ve o f ab se nce to recu e ra e p t
h th
hi s eal andGe ne ral B ragg succee d ed to the co mmand
o f the Co n e de ra e arm f t y
at Tu e l o , Mi ss Of is p . th
arm y the F ed e ral command er i n ro n o f i t d i dno t seem f t
to h ave any ve r y h h
i g Opi ni o n In ac , he scarce l . f t y
th ou g i t wo r goi ng a fter,altho ughno t more an a day
ht th th
or w t o s marc so u h o f hi mth H e was yearni ng f o r
'
.

bi gge r game anddo ub l e ss l oo ki ng orward en to mee

t f th t
i ng Ge ne ral Le e , as he di d la er i n the Se cond Manassas t
p
cam ai gn as th e su cce ssor o f Ge ne ral M ccl ellan, w i his th
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 89

headquarters i n the saddl e Gene ral Pope wh ose spe ci al

.
,

province i t was to keep hi s eye o n Be auregard whe n in

,

terro gate dby Ge ne ral H all eck as to the tru th of a rumor

that re inforceme nts we re be ing sent by Beaure gard to
Ri chmo nd se nt thi s answe r :
,

Hea d quarters A rmy of the M i ssi ssi pp i ,

N ear D anvi ll e J u ne 1 2 1 86 2
, , .

Major Ge ne ra l H all eck

-

I f any po rti o n o f Be au re gard s arm h as l eft th i s co un

’

try ex cept the nu

,
me rous de se rte rs w 0 h ave returne d to
the ir hom es the te st i m o ny o f age nts and d eserte rs i s
,

worth l ess I my se lf do no t do ubt that of wh at i s l eft of

.

hi s army two thi rd s i s no w sca ttere d al o ng the roa d to

,
-

Col umb us f or 60 m i les i n no co ndi ti o n f o r se rvi ce any

whe re Beaure gard may possi bl y ha ve
. rel i ab l e
tr00 p s though I consi der th at a l arge e sti m ate b ut they
, ,

are fu ll y occupi e d i n se curi ng hi s rear prote cti ng the

,

arti ll e ry and an p l i es and preve nt i ng the ent i re d i sper

si o n o f the rem a de r W i tho ut abando ning eve ryth i ng
.

e xcept thei r arms no consi de rab l e po rti on of them can

no wbe transfe rre d e l se whe re Such at l e ast i s my op i n
.
»

i on fro m all the i nform a t i on I can o bta i n .

H N Po ps M ajo r Gene ral

JO ,
-
.

I t i s a m ax i m as sound in war as i n peace neve r to nu

deresti mate one s enemy Ye t he re was a man d ee m e d
’
.

fit to comm and the army of the Potom ac who l ooke d ,

upon the armyin front of hi m as a l ot of tatte rdem al i ons ,

andspo ke o f them as contemptu ou sl y as i f they were no

more to be feare d than a sw arm of ye llow j ackets How -

.

fatal the mi stake ! F rom tha t very bo d y was soo n to form

the nucl e us of an army wh i ch wi th i n l ess th an 90 d ay s
would force B ue ll b ack to the Oh i o andyet l eave e nough
to hold the l i ne o f Tupe l o .

Ge ne ral B ragg on assumi ng comm and afte r h avi ng

, ,

consi d e re d the possi b ili ty of stri ki ng Ge ne ral B ue ll on hi s

ri ght fl ank as he proce e d e d e astw ard th ro u h N o rth Ala
g
bam a andfindi ng the m o ve ment too h azardo us o n ac
,

co unt o f the pro tecti o n aff orde d by the Te nnessee ri ve r ,

adopt e d the h o lde r d e si gn o f t ransf erri n the b ul k o f hi s

g
90 C ON F ED E RA TE I IILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ar my to C h ttanoo ga
a ,
db y
flanki ng B ue ll e re he got to
an

E ast Te nne sse e i n co nj uncti o n wi th a si milar mo v e me nt

,

b y Ki rby Smi th to tak e po ssessi on o f Ke ntucky and

,

fo rce th e vacuati o n o f Tenne sse e Ke ntuck y andall the

e ,

t erri tory so uth o f the Oh i ri v r H avi ng r c i v d fro m

o e . e e e

R i chmo nd f ull auth o ri ty to mak e the necessary di spo si

ti o ns o n the 7 tho f J une he se nt Ge n J o hn P M cCo wn
,
a . .

wi th hi s di vi si o n to Ch attanoo ga via M o b il e who arri ved ,

on the 4th f J u o l y andassume d co mmand Th e n by co n .

.

ce rt o f ac ti o nw i th Ge ne ral Smi th he b e gan hi s pre parati o n

f o r transfe rri ng to Ch attanoo ga the b est p art o f hi s army ,

hi s sch e me re q ui ri ng hi s arti ll ery and t rai ns to go by

co u ntry roa ds o v e r the ro u g h i nt erv eni ng t e rri to ry four

hundre d mi l e s whi l e his tro p s wo uld i n due se aso n he

,
o

mo ve d by rai l b y way o f M ob i l e andM o ntgo mery In .

the re trosp e ct i t se e ms i mpo ssi bl e th at su ch a mo ve me nt

co u ld be e ff e cte d wi th o ut be i ng di sco ve re d andth warte d

b y a vi gi l ant e n my e speci a lly wi th the me ans at hi s
e ,

co mm nd a e ve n di scre di t ing th
, e re po rt o f Ge neral Po pe

as to the e fi e te co ndi ti o n i n w h i ch the C o nfed e rate army

’

was sai d to b e Leavi ng these pre parati ons to b e carrie d

.

i nto x e cuti o n i t i s pro pe r to pass i n re vi e w ano th er

e ,

a ge ncy w hi ch had bee n o ve rloo k e d by the F ederal co m

mande rs andwhi ch was to pro ve such an i mpo rtant factor
,

i n the e xpe d i t i o n andi n the futu re servi ce o f the Co nfe d

 CH A PT ER IX .

V
C O N FE D ERATE C A A LR Y TH E TWO G R EAT LEAD E R S —
-
J O H N H UN T M O R G AN . O R IG IN A TO R O F TH E RAI D
A K E TC H O F HI S L I F E—H IS E N TR A N C E U PO N
D U T Y AN D EA R LY E PLO ITS - RA PID G R O WTH X
O F H IS C O M MAN D —H IS D A S H IN G R A I D S N A T HAN —
B ED F O RD FO R R EST—H I S ST R I K I N G C H AR ACTE RI S
’

TICS AN D V
ALUA BLE S E R ICE G E N E R A L B U E LL S
-
'
V
E M B AR RASS M E N TS — H O W H E WAS H AR ASSE D BY
TH E S E TWO C O M M A N D E RS — M O RGA N S
'
FI RST
G R E A T RAI D TH R O U GH K EN TUC KY—H IS F ULL R E
PO R TS O F SAM E- E F F ECT O F H I S B R I LL IAN T M O E V
K EN T - T H E CO N ST E R N ATION C R E ATED B Y I T—CAP
TUR E O F MU R FR E E SB O R O B Y G EN ER A L F O R REST
WIT H '
PRI SO N ER S G E N E RA L B U E LL S C O M —
ME N TS O N SAM E—H I S M O EM E N TS PAR A LYZ E D B Y V
TH ES E R AI D S—CAPTU R E O F G AL LATI N , T E N N . .

WIT H MANY PR ISO N E R S, BY G E N ERA L M O R G AN

I N B U E LL S R EA R —D ESTR UCT IO N O F H I S LI N ES O F
'

CO M M UN ICATIO N —D E FE AT O F B R IG AD IE R G E N
ERA L J O H N SO N A T H AR TS I LLE . AN D H I S CAP V
—
TU R E B Y G E N ERAL MORG AN M O RGAN S AD D RESS
'

TO H IS CO M M A N D .

p art i n the o p
e ra ti o ns o f e i th e r ar my . Wi th no
re fl ecti on up o n the me ri ts o f
mmand e rs o th e r co

o f ca a rv l y , tas Fo rres andWh e e l e r i n the We st a ndJ E . .

B Stu
. art and H ampto n i n th e E ast w ho aft ward he , er s

c m co ns pi cu u f r th i r great
a e o s ch i e ve me nts th m n
o e a , e a

who fir t d monstrate d i n the Co nf de at war th val u

s e e r e e e

of cavalr y as an dj u nc t to th i nf ntry ndwho bo v

a e a ,
a a e

all o th e rs w the ori gi na to d u

as ri ng th w ar f th t sys r e o a

te m o f e fi cti ve w f re k no w n as th rai d w s J hn H
’

e ar a e ,
a o .

Morg n H i was no t th caval ry k n wn b f re hi s t i me

a . s e o e o ,

as th co mp ct
e l o wmo vi ng h e vi l y a co ute re d h rse
a ,
s -
,
a c o

m n who mo ve d wi th i nf nt y andwe u d up n the

e ,
a r re se o

91
92 C ON FE D E R A TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

fl ank march es, o r i n ba ttl e to b e b ro ught i n a t the

in
cri t i cal mo me nt f o r an i rresi sti bl e ch arge ; b ut the
mo unte d l i ght i nfantryme n d ri ll e d to fight o n foo t ,

wh e n necessary andi nure d to l o ng march e s, who di dno t

ho ve r near the i nf antry f o r p ro te cti o n, b ut acting as i ts
co mmuni cati o ns wi th the base an dby grea t de to urs ge t
to the rear o f the my d estro y hi s li nes o f co mmuni es
e ne ,

ti on burn hi s bri d ge s andstores andre tard hi s O pe rati o ns

, ,

b y the di ve rsi o n o f large bo di e s o f me n to p ro tect

th reate n d p ints F o r the se rvi ce i nwh i ch Mo gan ro se
e o . r

to su ch d i ti ncti on he was fo rt u
s nat e l y we ll adapt ed b y all
th co nd i ti n
e l cul t d t ecu u
o s ca H was n a e o s re s cce ss. e a

ed ucate d man wi th so me e xpe rie nce i n the M e xi can war

a s li e ut nant o f cav l y nd ft rwa ds as th captai n f
e a r ,
a a e r ,
e o

a vo l u nt ri fl e company w
ee r as no ted f o r th e di sci pli ne ,

a nd su pe ri or dri ll o f hi s co mm nd Of tri ki ngl y h nd a . s a

so me f tures and physi q

ea ue h had an address wh i ch ,
e

i n pi re d i n th ose asso ci te d w
s i th hi m co nfid e nc r pe ct a ,
e, es

a ndf i ndshi p
r e H i i nfl ue n o v r m n w s u h th t if
. s ce e e a s c a

he h d se l cted po li ti cs f or hi s fi ld he co uld h v had

a e e ,
a e

advance me nt at hi s w i ll Bu t he ch ose mo qui e t . a re

pur ui t ndwh n th w b k o ut h w s uccessful

s ,
a e e ar ro e ,
e a a s

manufacture r wi th a l i nge ri ng taste for tacti cs whi ch

,

found i ts e xpressi on i n be ing f o r a number f years at o

the h d f mi li t ry c mpany o f th young m n o f

ea o a a o e e

Le xi ngto n wh i ch was the p ri de o f the to w

, n Li k e mo t . s

K e ntuck i ans he w fo nd o f a horse and o f o utd o r as o

spo ts and
r , t s ddl l i k sa c nt u a a e e a e a r.

N twi th t ndi ng the agi tatio n ande xci teme nt whi ch

o s a

f or f u o r five m nth s h de x i t d i n K e ntu ky at the

o r o a s e c

ince pt i o n o f h o t i l i ti nd had l d numb

s of y u ng
es a e e rs o

me n to l v th ir h o m s fo r se rvi ce i n the Co nfed e rate

ea e e e

a rmy M o gan h
, adno t bee n all u d fr m h
r i s cuto m y re o s ar

pu ui ts A ll o f hi s asso ci ti ns sympath i es andi nter

rs . a o ,

es ts w re S uth rn b ut hi t mp ram nt was l hi s

e o e ,
s e e e co o ,

mi nd was n t i nfl m d wi th po l i ti cs andl i ke many o f th

o a e
,
e
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 93

peo pl e of hi s State andl ocal i ty he put fai th i nthe asseve r

,

ati o ns of h i s U ni o n f ri e nd s who p rocl ai med ne ut ral i ty

the p anace a f o r all o ur i ll s andthe ul t i m ate preserve r of
peace He hadan ab i ding fai th in the assurance tha t no
.

one w o u ld be mo l e sted f o r hi s O p i ni ons as declare d by

the reso l uti o ns of the l egi sl ature the p rocl am ati on of the
,

g ove r n o r an d the g en e r a l o rd e rs o f Ge ne ral A nd e rson

whe n he be came the mi l i ta ry co mm ander o f K e nt ucky .

If he hadso d esi red or i nte nd e d he could h ave take n hi s

,

comp any full y equi ppe d away i n safety andcomfo rt yet ,

he rem ai ned at home unti l the p roce ss o f arrests andthe

d epo rtati on of pri v ate ci ti ze ns to N orthern p ri sons be gan
i n vi ol ati o n of all goo d fai th Sudde nl y by ni ght hi s
.

to w n was invad e d by a fo rce from C amp D i ck R o b inso n

for the p u rpose of arresti ng Ge ne ral B recki nri d ge and

othe r pro mi ne nt ci ti ze ns who l ike h i mse l f had reste d

, , ,

se cu re i n the p l e d ge s gi ve n The n when i t was wh i a

.

pe red th at he hi mse l f was to be a vi cti m o n the next ,

ni ght Septembe r ac th hi s re so l ut i on was taken and

, , ,

placi ng hi s guns i n a w agon wi th a few o f hi s fri ends

h ast i l y summone d he e l ud ed the pi ckets andmounte d
, ,

made hi s way to Bow l ing G ree n R efe re nce has bee n .

ma de to hi s arri val the re wi th zo o me n who hadjoi ned

hi m si ngl y and in squad s and who attached them se l ves
,

to v ari o u s comm ands i n p roce ss o f o rgani zat i o n W i th a .

small bod y of g o o r 3 0 me n he at o nce ente red u pon duty ,

scou t i ng to the fro nt andfrom the be gi nni ng di spl aye d

,

the da ri ng wh i ch afte rw ard s ch aracte ri ze d hi s Ope rati o ns ,

passi ng i n rear of the enemy l e arni ng the i r fo rce and

,

movements and i nfl i cti ng d am age upon bri d ge s depots ,

andtrai ns . H i s fo rce grad u all y incre ase d u nti l i t was

k nown as a squadro n wi th hi s most truste d me n as hi s
,

li eutenants andhe became of the most v al uab l e ai dto the

,

comm anding ge ne ral i n the ce l e ri ty of hi s m o veme nt s

and the accu racy of h i s i nfo rm ati on Whe n the army
.

fe ll b ack th rough N ashvi ll e he co ve red i ts re ar and

,

pi ckete d cl ose to the F e d eral l i ne s .

94 C O N F E D E R A TE JI ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

H i s fi rs t rai d was mad e

Ge ne ral J o ns o n had a ft er h t
t t
s ar e d ro m M u f f
r ree sbo ro f o r Co ri n andS i l o On th h h .

the 7 th o f M arc wi Li e ue nan Co l o ne l Woo d, te n

h , th t t-

Te x as R a nge rs and fi tee n o f hi s o w n sq f

uadro n, he pro
ceed ed ro u g b y roads to wi t in ei g o r te n mi l es o f
th h -
h ht
h t
N as vi ll e , a nd ne x mo rni ng, i n the i mme di a e vi ci ni t ty
of ath t p l ace , co mme nce d ca uring F e de ral arm wag pt y
o ns as th y
e came al o ng , andd i sarming th e me n un i l he t
p
had 98 ri so ne rs, i ncludi ng se ve ral o fl i cers He en . th
di vi de d hi s co mmand i n o hree ar i e s and s ar e d b ack t t p t t t
wi hi s ri soners, b ut o ne de ac me n was ursued b
th p t h t p y
the F o u r th h y
O i o ca val r ando bli ge d to ab ando n si x y o f t
the p
ri so ners No w i t s andi ng
. t ht
is he b roug ht th
in 38
p ri so ners wi th a l arg numbe r o f h orses
mul s pi t l s
e ,
e , s o ,

s ddl s e tc
a e A se co nd rai d was mad e o n the sth wh n
, . 1 ,
e

he and Co l n l Woo d wi th fo rty m n se t ut f o m M u

o e r e o r

fre esbo ro se cre tl y ndi nse p rate parti s in the afte rnoo n
a a e .

Th y m d a rap i d ni ght march afte r re uni ti ng

e a e nd ,
a

reach ed G alla ti n o n th e Lo u i v i ll e 8: N ash vi ll e rai lroad

,
s ,

twe nty i x mi l es north o f N ash vi lle at 4 clock p m

- s ,
o
’
. .

the nex t d ay H e h se i z d th t l graph o ffic wi th se v

. re e e e e e e

er l f G e ne ral B uell s di spa tch es and b u rne d all th

’
a o e

ro lli ng stock and w te r t nk s f th e rai l road re t u

a rni ng a o ,

wi th five pri so ners andwi th out loss th rough the e nemy s ,

’

l i ne s t Shelbyvi lle Tenn G ll ti n was s ve ral ti mes

o , . a a e

duri ng the war the sce ne o f his mo t succe ssful rai d s s .

At th b ttl o f Shi l o h b e re nd
e a e d v l uabl se rvi ce e re a e

bo th i n the dvance andthe re tre t andon the flank o f

a a

th e army du ri ng th e b ttl e Sho rtl y afte r th battl e a . e

he re ce i ve d pe rmissi o n to m k a d h i nto Tennesse e a e as ,

a nd o n the 6th o f A pril w 3i th a force o f 3 5 m n o m , 0 e , c

p sed o f his o wn squadro n ndd e tach ments fro m Co l

o a .

Wi rt A d ms re gi ment and M cN airy s b ttali on he

a
’ ’
a ,

cro ss d th ee Te nn ss ri ve r o n sm ll h rse fe rry

e ee nd a a o a

o n th 3 th r ch d Law
e o rence bu ea rg Te nn e where th , .
, e

t r00ps ncampe d f or th ni ght N xt d y he tt cked

e e . e a a a
androu t d 4 conval esce nt e mpl ye d i n e recti ng a t l
e cc s o e
 CON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y. 95

egr a ph li ne, captu ri ng andparo li ng many p ri sone rs He .

the n passe d aro und N ash vi ll e and reach ed Le b a no n ,

abo ut th irty mi l e s east o n the night o f May 4th H i s

, .

co m m a nd w as f a ti gue d by the co nsta nt se rvi ce and h e ,

co nc l ude d to re st th e re u nti l morni ng ; b ut d uring the

night, whi ch was dark and rai ny he was o ve rtak e n b y ,

Ge ne r a l D u mont, who had le ft N ash vi ll e wi th the Fi rst

Kent uc ky cavalry, Co lo ne l Wo l fo rd andthe Twe nty first ,
-

Kentuc k y infantry M o rgan s pi cke ts we re i n a ho u

’
. se ,

and b e fore th e alarm co u ld b e gi ve n Wo l fo rd s caval ry

'

char g e d fu ll upo n the camp andcame ne ar capturi ng the

who l e co mmand M organ, wi th fifte en o f his me n
.
,

esca p e d ando n the 6 th re ach e d Sp arta at th

, e foo t o f th e

Cu m be rl and mountai ns e ast o f Le bano n, wh e re d uri ng

,

th e ne x t thre e da ys fi fty o f h is me n j oi ne d hi m O ne .

hundre d and twe nty five o f his men were ca pture d and
-

si x ki l le d . M ost o f the rest mad e th e i r way th ro u g h the

Fed e ra l li nes b y ci rcu i to us ro utes and re j o i nedthe i r se v
eral co mmands N o thing dau
. nte d b y th i s mish ap he l e ft
Sp arta o n the 9th w i th 1 5 0 me n, mostl y recru i ts and ,

goi ng i n the directi on o f Bo wli ng Gree n e nte re d terri ,

tory fami l i ar to him ca pturi ng two trai ns o f cars whi ch

,

he burne d anda numb e r o f pri soners wh o m he paro l ed

, .

Abo ut th e mi d d le o f M ay he re turne d to the army at

Co ri nth and afte r a sh o rt rest b e gan the work o f o rgan
'

izi ng a l arger andmo re e fi ecti ve co mmand w i th a vi e wo f

a more e x t ensi v e rai d i nto Ke ntu ck y Capt B as i l W . . .

Du ke who afte rward won d istincti on scarce l y se co nd

,

to that o f Ge ne ral M o rgan hadb ee n w i th hi m fro m the

,

start as h is most truste d li e ut e nant b ut had no t be en ,

abl e to a cco mp any h i m o n hi s l ast rai d o n acco u nt o f a

wo und rece i ve d at Corinth and h avi ng co ll ecte d a b o ut
,

30 o f Mo rgan s me n w
’
ho hadbe e n l e ft be h i nd no w re ,

jo i ned hi m Capt Ri ch ard M Gano a K e ntuckian fro m

. . .
.

Te xas, andCapt J oh n H o fi man fro m the same S ta te ,

.

here al so uni te d th e i r two co mpa ni e s o f Rafi ge f s

wi th the squad ron, and i ts th re e co mpani e s b ei ng no w
 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI T R Y H I S TOR Y A .

re cr ui te d to a maxi mum , G e ne ra l M o rg an p ro ce e de d to
C ha tt ga as a be tte r b ase fo r his pro po sed O pe rati o ns
a noo .

O n hi s arri v al th ere he fo u nd th ree h u ndre d me n o f the

F i rs t K e ntuck y i nf antry w ho se te rm o f se rvi ce hadj ust ,

e xp i re d in Vi rgi ni a w ho at o nce j o ined hi s co mmand and

, ,

th us three more co mpani we re o gani ze d The co m es r .

mand was th e n fo rmed i nto a re gi me nt wi th J o hn H , .

M o rgan as co l one l ; B asil W D u k e li eute nant co lone l .

,
-

G W M organ a Tennessee an andco u

. . , si n o f J o h n H .

M organ maj o r ; G o rdon E N i l e s adj utant ; D avi d H

,
.
, .

L l e we ll yn A Q M ; H iram R eese A C S ; Th omas

,
. . .
,
. . .

Alle n su rge o n ; and D r

,
Ed e lin assi stant su rge o n .
, .

The co mpani e s were command e d as f ll o w s : Capt Jaco b o .

Cassell Co mp any A ; Capt J o hn All en Co mpany B ;

,
.
,

Capt J W B o wl e s Company C ; Capt J ohn B Castl e

. . .
, . .

m n Co mp any D ; Capt J o hn H utchi nso n Company E

a , .
,

Capt Th omas B We bbe r Co mp ny F ; and Captai n

. .
,
a

M cF arland Co mp any 0 These si x compani es and a

,
.

fragme nt f the se ve nth numbere d ne arl y 4 men and

o 00 ,

th e re gi me nt became know n as the Second Ke ntu cky

cavalr y The Te xas R ange rs w

. e re made a ba ttali o n w i th ,

M aj R M G no i n command Th e y th e n mo ve d to
. . . a .

K no xvi ll e So me o f the re gi ment as G e ne ral D uke i n

the h i sto ry"o f the co mmand says were mo u
.
,

nt e d and , ,

the re ma inde r had h o pes ; f o r i t must b e bo rne i n

“

mind that i n the South cav alry h orses we re no t furni shed

by the go ve rnme nt as i n the N o rth In the latter part .

p ny o f p rti
a awh i ch be came a part o f Ge neral Mor
sans,

gan s command andi ncre ase d hi s fo rce to 87 0 o f wh om

'
, ,

fifty o r si x ty we re u nmo unt e d and3 5 0 u narme d at the

ti me he started i nto K e ntucky .

Bu t M o rgan d i dno t mo no po l i ze the lau rel s i n the fie ld

of h i s spe ci al d i st i nct i o n In the l o ng l i st o f brav e and

.

e fii ci ent so ldi ers f u rni sh ed to th e Co nfe d e rate army b y

T e nnesse e well calle d the Vo l u

,
ntee r S ta t e the name o f ,

M f M organ s Caval y b y Basi l W D u ke Cinci nna ti 1 86 9

G '
o r . .
, .
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 97

N . B Forrest wi ll al ways sta nd i n he r hi sto ry i n the fi rst

.

rank . He to o was a qui et man olde r by some ye ars

, , ,

than M organ and wi th o ut the same advantage s of edu

,

ca t i on b u t a bo rn so ldi e r who wi th no mi li tary kno wl

, , ,
o

edge d e ri ve d from books k new as much of m i li tary strat ,

agy as Jomi ni co u ld co mmand a di visi on as well as a

,

company and sabe r i n h and was as re ad y to ch arge a

, ,

re gi me nt as a squ ad N oth i ng dau nte d hi m andhe i n .

,

spi re d h i s me n w i th the magneti sm of hi s o wn zeal and

co urage He was a so ldi e r of consp i cuous prese nce t all
broad shoulde re d and of stro ng hand some feat ures—a
.
, ,

-
, ,

man of few word s andi nte nse acti on He was a ci t iz e n .

of Memph i s and i n O cto ber 1 86 1 organize d a caval ry

, , ,

re gi me nt of ei ght comp ani es aggre gati ng a bo u t 65 0 ,

me n Whe n Ge ne ral Joh nston took comm and at Bo w l

.

i ng G reen Fo rre st at hi s o w
, n requ est w as assi gne d to

duty wi th Ge ne ral L l o yd Ti l ghm an i n comm and at Hop ,

ki nsvi lle andpi cketedandsco ute d to the f ro nt between

,

the re and the Oh i o ri ve r co ve ri ng Ge neral Joh nsto n s ,

’

l eft w i ng The F ed erals m ai nta ined a go od fo rce at

.

He nd erson O wensboro and o ther points alo ng the O h i o

,

to Pa ducah and freq ue nt ski rmi shes occurred between

,

detachments of i nfantry and cavalry from the se po i nt s

andCo l o ne l F orrest s co mmand The first regul ar cav
’
.

alry e ngagement i n Ke ntu cky took p l ace at Sacrame nto ,

betwee n a d etachme nt of F orre st s command l e d by ’

hi m sel f and o ne from Co l J ames S J ack son s Thi rd

,
. .
’

Ke nt ucky cavalry comm and e d by M aj Eli H M urray ; , . .

i n wh i ch thou g h the
, l atte r w as d efe ate d he sh o we d so ,

much gall antry th at he so on became the youngest bri g

ad i e r ge ne ral i n the F e d eral servi ce
-
The casual ti es .

we re few numbe ri ng among them the d e ath of C aptai n

,

M e ri wether a Confe de ra te and Ca pt A l bert S B acon

, ,
. .
,

a F e d e ral offi cer A t D one l son Co l one l F orrest won d

. is
ti ncti o n by hi s servi ce s o n the l eft andi n the battl e of ,

the i sth he assi ste d m ate ri all y i n dri vi ng back the F e d

eral ri ght wi ng He cove red the retrea t of Ge ne ral
.

Kr l-
‘
98 C O N F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

J o hnsto n from M urfree sbo ro and too k an acti ve par t in

the b att l e o f Sh i l o h a nd i n the su b se que nt Ope ra ti o ns
abou t C o ri nt h Wh en the p re parations were set on foo t
.

f o r the e x pe d i ti o n to K e ntucky he was se nt in adv ance .

to Ch attanoo g a and o n the march to Kentu

, cky h e cc v

e re d the ri g ht w i ng o f B ragg s army u nde r Ge neral Po lk

’
.

As the d e ta i l s o f G e ne ral F o rrest s o pe rati ons be lo ng to

'

the hi sto ry o f T e nne ssee andw i ll b e d oubtle ss th oro ugh ly

,

trea te d i n th a t vo lume i t has onl y bee n dee me d ne ces

,

sary to re fer to hi s o pe rati o ns b eari ng on Ke nt u ck y .

Ge ne ral B u e ll meanwh i le was e nco unte ri ng many

, ,

o bstacles i n hi s pro gress eastw ard th ro u gh Tennesse e and

no rth A la bama H e had to re bui ld bri d ge s and re pair
.

railroads f o r the transpo rtati o n o f h is army andto O pe n

a li ne o f su ppl y wi th his b ase o n the O h io H is army was .

much di sperse d i t be i ng ne cessary to guard his ri ght

,

flank andat the same ti me to so di spo se his fo rce as no t

to di scl ose the o bj e cti ve po i nt f o r w h i le he hadmade up
,

hi s mind to re ach east Te nne ssee vi a M cMinnvi lle and

A l tamo nt he w , as re pai ri ng the rai l road andmarch i ng a

co l umn i n the di rec ti on o f Chattanoo ga to di sco ncert the

e ne my or to t ake i t if l e ft u
,
noccupi ed H e w as eu co m .

passe d by difii culti es o f the e x te nt o f whi ch hi s supe ri ors

i ts at Was i ng o n, andhi s sugge s i o ns andre q
h t ues s we ret t
recei ve d w i scan a th t pp
ro val, de l a e d o r gru d gi ngl com y y
p li e d wi th
H e had i ncu
. rre d e nmi i es and aw ak e ne d t
j ealo usi es in hi s o wn command w i c a e rward bo re h h ft
f t
ru f
i i n hi s remo val ro m co mmand and ro long ed ro se p p
cu f
ti o n be o re a mi li ar co mmi ssio n t y As to the d anger .

tt
o f a ack ro m Ge neral B ragg i n l ank or ro n , w i l e h
f f e f t h
a pp ears to h
a ve e x e rci se d vi gi l ance , he we ll says i n h is
t t
s a e me n re vi e w
t i ng the e vi de nce be o re the co mmi s f
si o n: I di dno t an i ci p e e ne m w
t t th t
as to b e l e y ft
“
a e a th

so u p y
ne m lo e d at o er o i n s ha he co u th p t t t
ld di rec hi s t
t
gre a e fio rts agai ns my en e r ri se t t p .

M aj or Ge ne ral H all eck 's wes e rn d e ar me n

-
t ead p t t h
 C O N F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 99

quarters had bee n at Co ri nth unti l J une 1 6th when ,

he reti re d to Wash ingto n to be come general in chi ef - -

o f the F e d e ral armi es Ge ne ral R ose c rans who abo ut

.
,

thi s t i me succee d ed Po pe in comm a nd of the army of the

M i ssi ssi ppi be came e arl y aw are of the transfer of troops
,

e astw ard by B ragg andi t i s unacco untab l e th at hi s army

,

rem ai ne d i nacti ve and pe rm i tte d i t to be do ne Wh i l e .

th us h ampered ne gl e cte d and o ve rwhel me d wi th the

, ,

m agni tude of the work befo re hi m andthe respo nsi bi l i ty

of protecti ng a li ne of 3 00 m i l es fro m C umbe rl and Gap
to Cori nth Ge n Joh n H M o rgan spre ad consterna
, . .

ti on th roughout Ke nt ucky and Tenne sse e by hi s gre at

rai d i nto the fo rme r Sta te L e avi ng K no xvi ll e o n the
.

4th of J u l y by way of K i ngston and Spart a he passed ,

rapi dl y th ro u gh Tompk insvi ll e K y wh e re he cro sse d , .

,

the C umbe rl and to Gl asgow Lebanon H arrodsb urg Ve r , , ,

saill es Geo rget o w n andCynth

, i aua w here he hada he avy ,

e ngageme nt o n the 1 7 th The nce he returned south via.

Pari s Wi nche ste r Crab O rch ard Somerset and Sp arta

, , , ,

mak i ng the gre at ci cui t i n twe nty five day s capturi ng

r -
,

m any p ri so ne rs and d e stroyi ng m uch m i l i t ary p ro perty

andsecu ri ng v al ua b l e re crui ts Be si de s th i s great de mo r
.
,

ali za ti o n w as cau se d th ro u ho ut G n e l B ue ll my ’

g e ra s ar

and d ep artme nt and m any t i me s the nu

, mbe r o f troo ps
i n hi s comm and we re di ve rte d from othe r se rvi ce to pro
te e t th re ate ned po i nts o r attempt M o rgan s capt ure ’
.

F oll o wi ng are the repo rts of Ge ne ral M or gan gi vi ng ,

the d etai l s of thi s rem arkab l e rai d :

B ri gade Hea d q uarters ,

Tompk insvi ll e Ky J ul y 9 1 86 3 ,
.
, , .

Si r : I have the honor to report tha t I arri ved wi th

my comm and at the Cumbe rl and ri ve r and p asse d the
ford about 2 p m yeste rd ay 8th inst M y fo rce s co n
. .
, .

si sted of Co l o nel H u nt s Geo rgi a re gi me nt of cavalry my

’

ow n re gi ment and a squ ad ro n of Tex as R ange rs We “

we re jo i ne d at the ri ve r by two co mpani es unde r Ca p

tai ns H am i l ton and M cM i llan I re ce i ved i nf o rm ati o n .

th at the e nemy had p asse d Cumbe rland ri ve r at Sal i na

l00 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the day o f my arri val , wi th abo ut 7 80 me n, b ut di dno t

dee m i t ri ght to a ttack th at fo rce as I was aware th at a ,

co nsi d erabl e bo d y o f caval ry abo u t 3 80 o r 400 stro ng

we re st at i o ne d a t th i s to wn and I th o ught b y a rapi d
,

ni ght march I mi ght su cce e d i n su rpri si ng th e m I l eft .

the ri ver a t 1 0 p m O n the 8thi nst and at 5 a m thi s

. . .
, . .

day I surpri se d the e ne my andh a ving surro und e d th e m ,

th re wfo ur sh e lls i nto the ir camp andth e n carri e d i t by a

dash i ng ch arge The e ne my fie d l ea vi ng 2 3 deadand3a
We h ave 3 0 pri so ne rs and
.

o r 40 w ou nd e d i n o u r h and s .

my Te xas squadro n i s sti ll i n pursui t o f the fug i ti ve s .

A mo ng the p ri so ne rs i s M aj o r J o rdan th e i r co mmand er , ,

and tw o l ieu te nants The t e nt s stores andcampe qui

.
,

page I h ave d es tro ye d b ut a val uabl e baggage t ram con

,

si sti ng o f so me tw en wago ns and fi fty mul e s i s i n my

se ssi o n; al so so me ?o rty ca v al ry h o rse s and su
y

ppl ie s
o f su gar co ff ee e tc
, I d
, i d no t l ose a si ngl e man i n
.

k i lle d b ut I h ave to regre t th at Co lone l H unt whi l e

, ,

l ead i ng a bri ll i ant char e rece i ve d a se vere wo und i n

wh i ch pre ve nts g i s go ing o n w
,

the l i th the co mmand .

I al so adthre e me mbe rs O f the Te xas sq uad ro nwo unde d

b ut no t se ri o usl y .

ou r: H M O R G A N Co lo ne l co mmandi ng
.
,
.

M AL G E N E
-
. . mar Suns ,

Co mman i n d g , Kno xvi ll e , Tenn .

H e ad q uar e rs Mo r an s Co mmand, t g '

Kno x vi ll e , Te nn , u l 3 0, 1 86 2 . J y .

h
Ge ne ral : I ave the o no r to re o r h a u n th e day p t th t
O f th g g t
e e n a e me n at To m k i nsvi lle , a f u p
l re o r o f p t
w i c I ave alread se n yo u, I mo ved my command
h h h y t
( co n t g
si s i n o f m y o w n re i m e n t, the G e g
o re i m en g t
t g
o f Par isan ran e rs, co mmand e d b Co l A H un , y . t
uad ro n, to whi c were a ac edtwo
.

andM aj o r G ano s sq
'
h tt h
p
co m a ni e s O f T e nnesse e ca v al r
) i n 'the di re c io n O f y t
G l as o w, w i c
g h hp l ace I reac edat t : O cl ock a ui h th t ht .

T e re we re b u
h t f e w ro o s i n the ow
t p n who fi at t ,

ou r app h ro ac T he co mmi
. s o re s cl o i n , e tc , to t . th g .

ge t e r wi
h th g a l ar e su l 0 pp y
me d i ca l s o re s o und i n t f
G lasgo w we re bu
. rned , and the us we re d i s rib u e d t t
amo n my co mmand , abo u zo o O whi c we re unarme d t h
w en l e K no xvi lle F ro m Gl as o wI rocee dedal o n
h ft . g p g
gt
the main L e xi n o nro a d to B arre n !G ree n] ri ve r, al i n h t g
f or a s o r h tt i me near Cave Ci t , my Obj e c be i n to i n y t g
d uce the bel i e f th t
a t
I i n e nd e d des ro in the railro ad t y g
 COIVF ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . lOl

b ri dge between Bowl i ng G ree n and Woo dso nvi ll e I .

cause d wi re s co nnecti ng wi th the portab l e batte ry th at I

carri e d wi th me to be attache d to the tel e graph l i ne near
Horse C ave andi nte rcepte d a number of di spa tch es A t .

Barren !G ree n] ri ve r I d etached three com pani e s und e r

,

Capt J ack A lle n to m o ve forw ard rapi dly and d e stro y

.

the Sal t ri ve r b ri dge th at the troo ps al o ng the l ine o f

,

the rai l road m i ght be p revented from ret u rni ng to

Lo ui svi lle .

O n the fo ll o w i ng morni ng I move d o n tow ard Le ba

non di stant 3 5 mi l es from Barre n G reen] ri ver
, At u .

O cl ock at ni ght I reache d the b ri ge o ver R o lli ng F ork

'

si x miles fro m Le b a non The ene my hadrecei vedih

.

form ati on O f my app roach from the i r spi es andmy ad

vance guard was fired upo n at the b ri d ge A fte r a short .

6 ht the fo rce at the b ri d ge was di spe rse d andthe pl ank s ,

w i chwe re torn uph aving bee n replaced the co mm and ,

move d fo rward to Lebano n A bout two m i l e s o n a

w
.

sk i rmi sh comme nce d be twee n tw o compani es I cau se d to

di smo unt and d loy and a fo rce O f the e nemy posted
upon the road i ch w h
as soon end e d by i ts d i spe rsi on
,

and ca pt u re Li e ut Co l A Y Jo hnso n co mmanding

. .
-
. . .
,
the troo i n the town surre ndere d and I e nte re d the
place he p ri so ne rs take n i n number abo ut si xt five
.
,
»
,

were aro le d I took i mme dia te po sse ssi on o f t e te l

.

e gra p andi nte rcept e d a d i sp atch t o Co l one l Joh nso n i a

form i ng hi m tha t Colone l O wen wi th the Si xti eth I ndi
ana re e nt h ad bee n orde re d to h i s assi stance ; so I at
once spatche d a comp any O f Tex as R ange rs und er
“

Maj o r G ano to d est roy the rai l road b ri d ge on the Le b

anon branch whi ch h ,e su cce ssfu lly accompl i she d i n ti me
to revent the arri va l of the troops I bu rne d two l o ng
.

b di n of comm i ssary sto res co nsi sti ng of upw ard of ,

00 sac of co ff ee anda l arge amo u nt of o the r su pp l i e

5 s
i n bu l k marke d f o r the army at C umbe rland G ap I
, .

also d e stroy e d a ve ry large am o u nt of cl o thi ng boots , ,

etc I burne d the h o sp i tal bui ldi ngs wh i ch appeare d to

.
,

h ave bee n re ce nt l y e re cte d andfitte d up together wi th ,

abou t 3 5 wago ns and 5 3 ne w ambul ances I fo und i n .

the plac e a large store of me di ci nes five thousand stand ,

O f arm s wi th acco u te rme nts about two tho usand sabers
,

and an i mmense q u ant i ty o f amm u ni t i o n shell etc I , , .

distri butedthe best arm s amo ng my co mmand andload e d

one w a on wi th them to be
g gi ve n to r ec ru i ts th at I e x
1 02 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

pe c te dto j o i n me ; I a sol loa deda wago n wi th ammuni

ti on . The the arms, ammu
re ni i o n andthe
mai nde r Of t
ho sp tl i a andme i ca s o re s, I estro ed d l t
y d
Wh i l e in asce rt i n d f m t l gr ph di
Le ba no n I a e ro e e a s
tha t I i ntercepte d that the fo ce whi ch h dbe en ,
r a
t rte d fr m L b n n J uncti on to re info r L i ut n nt
s a o e a o ce e e a
J hn o n hadm t anddri ven back the fo rce und r
o s e e
C pt J ack A ll en k illi ng o ne o f the men andp
a .
, re ve nti n
hi m fr m cco mpl i h i ng the purp e fo r wh ch he h
o a s os i a
be e n de t ch e d I p roce ded fro m Le banon o n the fol
a . e
l o wi n d y thro ugh Sp ingfield to M ckvi ll at whi h
a r a e, c
po i nt was attacked by H o me G uards T wo o f my m n . e
w t ke n i so ners and ne se v r l y w unde d I re
e re a r o e e o .

mai n d at eckvi ll th t ni ght t reco ve r the p i o n s

e e a o r s er ,

whi ch I di dth ne x t morni ng I th n l ft f or H rrode . e e a sc

bu r capt u ri ng a F d eral c pt i n andli u ten nt n the e a a e a o
reac h e d H arrod bu rg the 3 th at 3 O cl k
’
s r rz z 0 oc .

F o und that the H m G u ards o f ll th t p rti o n O f th

o e e a a o
co untr y h dfl e dt Lexi ngto n; a force w
a as al so sta ti o ned
o
o n th e bri d ge w h re th Le xingto n ro d crosse d the e e a
K ntuck y ri v r
e M y re c pt i n at th i s p l
e . w v ry e o ace as e
e nco u ragi ng The who l e p ulati o n tu rne d o u t andvi e d o
wi th each th r as t wh
.

o uld h w th m t tten
e o o 3 o s o e os a .

ti n I l ft H arrod burg at si x clock the sam v ning

o . e s O
’
e e e

andm v ed t Law nce b u g tw nty mi l

o o di stant th e t
re r e es ,
r a
e ni ng F nk f rt i n o d ra t d raw ff th troo ps fro m
o r er o o e
G eo ge to w r n R e mai ne d the re unt i l the retu
. rn f my o
co u ri r fro m F r nk f
e t wh b ught the i nfo rm ti on
a or o ro a
th t th w fo ce i n Frankfort O f
,
a e re as a r r men o ,

co nsi ti ng f H o me G u
s ard s co ll ec t d fr m th
o e dj nt e o a ac e
co u nt i es nda f wr gular t a ps F ro m Lawrence burg
e e roo .

I p ded t Shryock s F e y o n the K nt ucky ri v ’

ro ce e o rr e er.
rai sed th e boat w hi h h d b n sunk nd cr sse d th t c a ee ,
a o a
e v ni ng each i n Ve rsai ll t 7 O cl ock I fo und thi s
’
e r es a .

s d e fe nd rs w
,

l ace ab and n b y ho h adfldto Le x

p
i
i t o
ngto n; r m i ne d th re th t ni ght nd n the n t m rn
a
e e ,
e
ex o
e e a a o
i ng m ch e d tow d G e o rg to w
ar n Wh i le t Ve ai ll I
ar e . a rs es

too k bo ut 3 go ve nm nt h rse ndmul es I passe d

a 00 r e o s a .

th ro ugh M i dw n the w y t Ge ge t wn andwa i n a o a o or o s

f o m d j ut ch i ng th l ace that trai n fro m
r
F nk f t w d
ra
e o r s
p re
ue wi th tw e gi m nts o f F d r l s I
or as
ea
o r
e
e
a

e e a .

to re upthe track and p t d th h w i tzer to co mm nd os e e o s a

i t nd fo m d my co mm nd al ng th li ne f the road
a r e a o e o .

b ut th train was w e arn d f ou r p re e nce andre turne d e o s

 CONFED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 08

to F rankfort H avi ng take n possessi on of the te l e graph

.

offi ce I inte rce ted a di spatch ask i ng if the road was cl e ar

andi f i t w o n] be sa fe to sta rt the trai n f rom Le xi ngton .

I repli e d to se nd the t rai n and m ad e p reparat i o ns to

rece i ve i t b u t it w
,
as al so t urned b ack a nde sca pe d I .

reache d Ge o rgetow n 1 : m i l es f rom Le xi ngto n that

, ,

eve ni ng the 1 sth ust be fo re e nte ri n the town I was

, .

i nfo rme d tha t a sm 1 force o f Home nards had mu s

tere dto 0 p us I se nt them wo rd to surre nd er thei r
.

arm s and e y shou ld not b e mol este d b ut they fl e d .

The peopl e of Ge orgetown also we l com e d us wi th gl ad

,

ne ss and provi de d my troops w i th eve ryth ing they

ne ed e d .I re mai ne d at Georgetown two d ays d u ri ng ,

wh i ch ti me I se nt o ut a co mpany und er Capta i n M cM il

li n to d estroy the t rac k betwee n M i dw ay andLexi ngton
and M i d w ay and Frankfo rt and to b l o w u p t h e sto ne
bri dge o n that roadwhi ch b e successfully acco mpl i shed
,
.

He ari ng th at a company of Home Guard s were e ncampe d

at Stampi ng Gro u nd 1 3 m i l e s di s tant I d i spa tche d a
, ,

company u nder Ca pta i n H am i l to n to b reak up thei r e n

camp me nt b urn the te nts andstores andd e stro y the guns
, .

Th is was al so accompl i she d C aptai n H am i l to n tak i ng

,

fifteen p ri so ners anda ll the i r gu ns andd est ro yi ng a large

amou nt of me di ca l andco mmi ssary sto re s I also whi l e .
, ,

at G eo rgetown se nt C aptai n C as tl ema n wi th h

, i s company
to de stro y the rai l ro ad b ri d ges betwee n Pari s and L ex
i a o nandre po rt to me a t Winche ste r Th i s was d one . .

termi ni ng to move o n Pari s wi th a vi ew of re tu rni n

and he ari ng th a t the p l ace w as be i ng ra pi dl y re i nf o rc
from C inci nnati I d eem e d i t of gre at i mpo rt ance to cut
,

o ff the co mm u ni ca ti on f rom th at place whi l e I d rew o ff ,

the troops tha t we re al ready the re by a fe i nt o n Lexi ng

to n . I the refore di spa tche d a fo rce of tw o compani e s
tow ard Lexi ngton wi th i nstructi ons to d ri ve the p i cke ts
to the ve ry e ntrance of the ci ty wh i l e I m o ved!o n the ,
1 7 th ] tow ar d Cy n th i ana Whe n I arri ved w i th
. i n th ree
m i l es o f th i s lace I l e arne d th at i t was d efe nd e d by a
,
consi d erabl e orce of i nfantry cav and arti ll e ry ,
I .

d i spatche d the Texas caval ry unde r ajor Gano to enter

the town on the ri ght andthe Geo i a re gi me nt to cross
the ri ve r andge t i n the rear wh i le mo ved my o wn re
,

i m cnt wi th the arti lle ry under the co mm and o f Li e ut

, .

E H arri s d o wn the Geo rge town pi ke

.
, A se ve re e ngage .

me nt took p lace wh i ch lasted about an hour anda half

,
1 04 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

be fore were dri ven i nto the to wn andco m

the ene my
ll e d to su rre nd e r I to o k fo u r hun d re d andt w e nty
p e .

p ri so ners i ncl udi ng abo ut se ve nty H o me G uard s I re

,
.

gre t to me nti o n the l oss o f ei ght o f my men i n k i lle d and

99 w ou nde d T he e nemy s loss was 1 94 i n ki ll e d and
’
.

wo und e d acco rdi ng to thei r o wn acco unt T hei r e xcess

, .

i n ki ll e d and wo und ed i s re mark able as th e y fo u ght ,

us f ro m be hi nd s to ne fe nce s and fire d at us f ro m

as w e passe d thro u gh town We capture d .

ne t we lve po u nde r b rass p i ece o f arti ll e ry

-
,

to ge the r wi th a large numbe r o f small arms and abo ut

three h undre d go ve rnme nt ho rses I fo und a ve ry
m
.

large eu ly o f commi and me di cal sto res t ents , ,

gu ns an ammu ni ti o n pl ace whi ch I destro ed .

le d p ri so ners w
,

The e re se nt u nde r an esco rt to al

mo u whe re th e y too k the trai n f o r C inci nnati
ard Pari s andw
.

Ip ro cee d e d th e nex t mo rni ng to w as

met o n the roa d b y the beare r o f a flag o f truce o ff e ri n ,

the unco ndi ti o nal surre nde r o f the pl ace I re ach .

Pari s at 4 o cl ock i 8th] re mai ne d th e re th at ni ght and

’

started to ward i nche ste r the ne xt mo rni ng A s my .

co mmand w as fili ng ou t o f Paris o n the Winch e ste r pi k e ,

I d isco vere d a lar fo rce o f F e de rals comi n to ward the

to wn fr m th o ti n f Le xingt n T yco unte r
e o o o . e

march ed suppo si ng no doubt that my i nte nt n was t

,
io o

ge t i n th e i r r ar T hi s e n bl e d m to b ri ng o ff my
e a e
i tho ut m l tati on w
.

e ntire co mm nd w a i th th xc pt i on o es e e e
o f tw o f myp i cke ts w
o ho pro bably were surpri se d ; re ache d
Wi nch est r th t d yat eo cl ock re m i ne d ti ll 4 o cl ock
a a 1 :
‘
a
'

wh n I p ro e d d t ward Ri ch mo nd A t Wi n h te r I
,
e ce e o . c es
f und numbe r o f arm whi ch we re d estroye d I ar i ved
o a s, . r
t Ri h m nd tu l k th t ni ght ndr m i n d unti l the '
a c o a o c oc a a e a e
ne xt ft rno on wh nI procee dedto C rab O rchard
a e , e I hd . a
d e te rmi ne d to make a st nd at R i h mond andawai t r i n a c e
f rceme nt
o th wh o l e peo pl
s, as ee med r d y to ri e nd
e e s ea s a
j i n m b ut I recei ve d i nfo m ti on th t large b di o f
o e, r a a o es
ca v und r Ge n G r en Cl Smi th andC l ne ls Wol
e . e a o o
f o rd e tcalf M unday and ynko pw e endea vo i ng
, e, o er r
to su rro und me t th i s p lace so I move d arst] o n to , a
C b O rch rd
ra There I tt ch d my p
a . o tab e b tt ry to a a e r a e
th tel gr ph l a di n
e e
g fro m S tanfo d to L u
a e i vi l l and r o s e
l e n d the
ar e ct p s i ti o n o f th e e nemy s fo rce s and
’
e xa o
d ected my m ve ment s cco di ngl
i r o r
y a
Leavi ng C b O rch ard a t xx cld k I arri v d !o n d ]
’
ra o c e a
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 05

at Somerse t, di stant 2 8 m i l e s, at su ndo wn I took .

posse ssi on of the te l e graph andco unte rma nd e d all pre

vi ons o rde rs tha t had bee n gi ve n by Ge ne ral B
e me , andrema i ne d i n pe rfe ct se curi ty all ui
cund a ve r l arge sup ply o f commi ssary sto res cl
y
,

bl ankets, s oe s, hats, etc , at this l ace , wh i ch we re .

de stroye d I al so fo und the arms at ha dbe en ta ke n

.

from Zo lli co ffe r, togethe r wi th large uanti ti e s of she ll

and ammu ni ti on, all of whi ch we re estro ye d I al so .

burned at th is p l ace andC rab Orch ard, n o go ve rnment

Wagons F ro m Somerset I p rocee d e d to M o nti ce ll o and
.

fro m the re to a po i nt betwee n Li vi ngston andSparta,

whe re my comm and i s no we ncampe d .

I l e ft K nox vi ll e o n the 4th d a o f th i s mont hwi th

abo u t 90 0 me n and re turne dto i vi ngsto n o n the 2 8th
wi th nearl y r, zo o , h avi ng bee n abse nt j ust 3 4 days, dur
i ng wh i ch ti me I t rave le d ove r o ne thousand m i l es, cap .

tu red se ve ntee n t o w ns, dest ro ye d all the gove rnme nt

su pp l i es and arms i n them , di spe rse d abo ut 1 , 5 00 H o me
G uards, andparo l e d nearl y troo I l ost i n k i ll ed ,
wo und ed a ndm i ssing, of the number carri ed i nto Ken
90 .

I take grea t p l e asure i n testi fying to the gall ant

brave ry and e ffi ci e ncy o f m wh o le command The re .

we re i ndi vi dual i nstances 0 dari ng so conspi cuous th at

I mu st be the p ri vi le ge o f refe rri ng to them Pri vate .

M oo re of ,
ui si ana a me mb e r o f Compau A of my re gi
, ,

me nt p arti cul arl y di st i nguishe d h i mse l fyby lea di ng a

,

ch arge whi ch had an i mpo rtant e ffect i n w i nning t he

batt l e The reports of the re gi me ntal comm and ers
.

wh i ch are i ncl ose d are r tfu lly refe rre d to f or fu

, r
the r i nstances of i ndi vi dua b rave ry and e ffi ci ency I .

fee l i ndebte d to all my ai des f o r the promptness w i th

whi c hmy o rde rs we re e x e cuted andparti cularl y to Co l ,
.

St L ege r G re nfe ll fo r the assi stance w hi chhi s experi e nce

.

aff o rd e d me
‘
.

'Co l St Le er G re nfe ll w
.
g . as a d istin ed B ri ti s h o m ce r who
had serve d i n the Cri mea n war andi n ndi a and havi n tendere d
cd G e neral g
.

his servi ces to the Co nfe de racy aeco m ‘or an on

'

m m
,

this expe d i ti on as i nspe cto r on hi s 3 H e co nti nu ed w i th h

”mit ll
is
m
mt tg
“ “m m p‘m
ém t
‘ ‘
or .g n g and rom ci en p
organi za i o n e w ar close d
. he was de nie d erms b the, t y
F e de ral go vernmen andim ri so ne d at D ry Tor u p
gas In a em t tt pt
ri wn to aea by a sto m andne ver
.

e w
n
i g to
h g
ca pe i n s bo at as d h
1 06 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

All o f wh i ch
i s re s ect ull p f y s ubmi tte d .

J o a n H M O R G AN ,
.

R . A A t ar o w
.
A cti n B ri
, Asst djt .
d
g ga
n .
i e r G ene ra
.
-
l , C S Arm
. . y
.

The
'
e fi e ct o f d was f ar re ach i ng andi a
M o rgan s '
rai

v o lv e d much mo re th an the me re physi ca l re sul ts nar

ra tedso cl earl y i n hi s re po rt I t co nvul se d the wh ole
.

F e d e ral organi zati o n in Ge neral B uell s d e partment fro m

'

L o ui sville and Ci nci nnati to H u ntsvi ll e A la at whi ch , ,

la tt e r place Ge neral B u e ll h adh i s h e adq uart e rs A t the .

ti me M o rgan was be twee n G lasgow and Le banon the ,

m fli tary command er o f K e ntucky at Lo ui svi ll e tale , ,

graphedGe ne ral B ue ll that he had men at Munford

vi ll e and ne xt d ay J u l y 1 2 M organ has o ve r 1 5 00 “
, , , .

me n; his force i s i ncre asi ng All the re b e ls in the State

.

wi ll j oi nhim i f th e re i s not a demonstrati on o f force and

po we r se nt in caval ry The State wi ll b e deso la ted
.

unle ss thi s matter i s at o nce attended to Thi s ci ty i s so .

e ndangered tha t I am bou nd to k ee p fo rce h e re Se nd .

m e cavalry ando ther re i nforcements I kno wmore o f .

Kentuck y than yo ucan po ssi bl y know andu nl ess i t i s i n ,

.

te nde d to abandon Kentucky I must have the force Gen .

e ral B u e ll hadalre ad y o rdere d five co mpani es se nt fro m

N ash vi lle to B o wli ng G re e n and fi ve to M unfo rdvi lle .

H e commu ni ca te d to Ge neral H all eck the ne cessi ty o f

fi ve more re gi me nts o f ca valry d i recte d Ge ne ral Bo y le ,

to send tw o re gi me nts and a sq uadron o f ca v alry to

Mou nt Sterl i ng and Le xi ngto n; no tifie d Ge n Geo W . . .

M o rgan at Cumberland G apo f the d anger to hi s li ne o f

su pp li es andh o pe d he co uld se nda re giment andassure d ,

Ge neral B o y l e tha t al th o u gh he had no t a man to spare

fro m hi s wo rk he would at o nce se nd more troops to
,

K e nt uck y The may or o f Cinci nna ti be i ng no ti fi ed

.
, ,

sai d h e w ould se nd 5 0 men and the go ve rnor o f O hi o

0
,

stand o f a rms w hi l e the g o vernor o f Indi ana sai d

,

he wo uld send a re gi me nt All th i s t e le graphi ng too k

.

pl ace on the 1 3 th .
 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

T he scare i ncre ase d . O n the 1 3 th Ge nera B o y l e te l e

l
gr aphed Capt . O li ve r D . G ree ne , Bue ll s a si s tant adj u
'
s

ta ut general :
-
Mo rgan s fo rce i s incre asing The reb e l s
’
.

ar e ri si ng i n th e co u nti es o n the O h i o The Sta te wi ll .

be unde r the d omi nati on o f Mo rgan i n a f e wdays H e .

wi l l take Frank fort andLexi ngto n i f fo rces are no t se nt

"
i m m edi ate l y . T h e n, the specte r gro w i ng, he te le
g r a ph e d G e ne ral H alle clr, M o rg an h as i nvad e d Ke n
tuc ky wi th men, ro bbe d the bank , andi s murde ring
a nd ste ali ng e veryw h e re M y force is inade qua te to
.

"
dr i v e hi m out Can you no t se nd us assistance
. The .

me n in buckram hadgro wn i nto a host The n he pl eads .

wi t h Stanton to kno wi f Go vernor Yate s o f I lli no is can .

no t se nd a fo rce to Pad ucah , co mpl ai ns that he has o ve r

an d over agai n ask e d f or re i nfo rcements fro m Ge ne ral
B ue ll and adds that all the fo rce s i n O h i o andIndi ana
sh o uld sent to Kentuck y Pre si dent Li nco l n
”
be .

re spo nds ca lml y th at Ge ne ral B u ell s po si ti o n i s such th a t

’

he c a nno t d e p l e te hi s force ; andth e nhe d ro ll y te l e graph s

Ge ne ral H all eck the n at Tuscu , mbi a Ala : T he y are ,

havi ng a stampe de i n Kentuck y Pl e ase loo k to i t . .

T hu s i t went on u nti l Ge neral M org an t oo k hi s l eave ,

and th en o n the z o th Ge neral B o yl e te l e graph s B u

, e ll ,

I do no t be l i e v e no w th a t he had o ve r
“
o r i ze e ,

me n . T h e y were agai n veri tabl e me n i n bu ck ram .

Wh e n Mor ga n i s well ut o f reach , he te l e graphs Ge n

o .

e ral Buell o n the 2 3d,

I shall i ssue ord e rs th a t gue rri llas
an d armed squad s are to be h t
dno t take n pri sone rs
s o an .

I sh a ll se ize h orses of se cessi o nists to mo unt my me n and

at pr o per t i me re q ui re th em to pay fo r U ni on me n s p ro p
'

"
e rty sto le n a nd d estro ye d A f e w d ays be fore he had
.

sai d I sh all p ubl i sh an o rd er fo rb i dd i ng se ce ssi oni st s

“
,
"
sta nd i ng fo r o ffi ce The Sta te e l e cti o n was to b e h e ld
.

o n the first M o nday in A u gust Ge ne ral B ue ll re apo nds .

I appro v e o f pu nish i ng the gui l ty b ut i t

“
o n the 2 4th ,

wi ll not answe r to anno unce the rule o f no quarter eve n ,

to gue rri llas . N ei th er wi ll i t b e j udi ci o u t l vy contri s o e

1 08 CO N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

b uti o ns upon se ce ssi o ni sts fo r o pini o ns al o ne G e ne ral .

B ue l l s co nse rv ati sm was f atal to hi m H e was p u rsu i ng

’
.

the sa me po li cy fi rst i naugurat e d by hi m and the ve ry ,

men who hadi n the p re vi o us autumn gu arantee d to Ke n

tucki ans exe mpti o n fro m p u ni shme nt f o r o pini o ns h e ld

were no wclamori ng f o r th e i r arrest puni sh me nt anddi s ,

franchi seme nt The e ra was fast appro aching whe ne ven

.

F e d e ral so ldi e rs we re bani sh e d o r pu t i n i ro ns f o r d is

se nti ng fro m the e x tre me po li cy p ro pe rty o f no n com ,
-

b a tants confisca t e d asse ssme nts l e vi e d andCo nfe d erate

, ,

so ldi e rs tak e n fro m pri so n andsh o t w i th o ut t ri al or per

so nal charge f o r the acts o f all e ge dgue rri ll as
‘
.
,

B ut e ve n be fore M org an hadcease d to vex the so u ls o f

hi s adversari es a ne wcause o f co nsternati o n occurred in
,

the cap tu re o f M u rfreesboro b y G eneral Fo rrest i n ,

whi ch he di splay e d hi s fo rte as si gnall y as Ge ne ral M o r

gan hadsh o w n hi s pe cu l i ar ge ni us O n the 1 3 tho f J uly.

he l e ft Chattanoo ga wi th the T ex as R ange rs o f Co l J o hn .

A Wharton andthe Seco nd Geo rgia ca valry o f Co l W

.
, . .

J Lawton and made a force d march o f fifty mi les to

.
,

Altamont arri vi ng at M cMi nnville on the ni ght o f the

,

n th H ere he w
. as j o ined b y C01 J J M orri so n w . i th a . .
,

O uth e st f Ju
’ e r ly 1 86 Ge n ral B yl is u
o . edth
2, ee f llo w
o i ng gen
e s o

H eadqu
arters U 8 Forces i n Kentu
. . cky
m
.

Ge ne ral Orde No s . .

Th e f ollow i ng ne ral orde r i s i ss u

edto b e e nf o rce db y mi htary
co mmand e rs i n l gz
di strict of Ke ntucky N o perso n hostile .

in op i ni o n to the rnme nt and d esi ring i ts o ve rth row w i ll b e

allo w e d to sta n d o r o ffi ce i n the di stri ct o f K entucky The at
i ce w
.

tem o f su ch a p e rso n to standf o r o fl i ll b e regardedas i n

i f su ffici ent e vi de nce o f hi s tre aso na ble i nte nt to w arrant h is
arrest H e who de si res the o verthrowo f the go vernment can se ek
o ffi ce u nd e r the go ve rnme nt on lyto p romo te i ts o ve rthro w lunch .

ln o fl i ce he b e co mes an ac ti ve trai tor i f he has never b e come o ne

an d i s li ab le b o th i n reaso n and ln la w to b e treated

headq uarte rs .

B y co mmando f B ri ga di er General B o yle -

.

J o an Bo n n Capta i n andA A G . . . .

On t he prece di ng da y Su nday Ge ne ral B oyle h

. adi ssu
.edan order
qui ' se cess ioni sts and suspecte dpe rsons to gi e upsuch v
zmgfidi n a
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 09

porti on of the F i rs t Geo rgi a cavalry two compani e s of ,

Sp i lle r s ba ttali on unde r M ajor Sm i th andtwo compani es

’
,

of Kentucki ans und er Capts W J T ayl or andWal th am . . .

,

i ncre asi ng hi s force to R esti ng unti l i p m o n . .

the n th he m arch e d f o r M urfree sbo ro fif ty mi l es and , ,

arri ve d there at a m o n the i 3 th captu . ri ng the .

,

pi cke ts wi thout firing a gun The F e de ral fo rce s we re .

unde r the command of Ge n T T C ri tte nd e n of In . . .

,
.

di ana and consi sted of port i ons of the N i nth M i ch i gan

,

i nfantry Seve nth Pennsyl vani a cav alr y Th ird M i nne

, ,

sota i nfantry andC apt J M Hewett s Ke nt u

'
. cky b atte ry
. . .

They were i n th ree sep arate camps Ge ne ral Forrest at .

once attacked the first two comm ands in the tow n wi th

the Texas R angers ch arging the i r ca mp andh o ldi ng o ff
, ,

the othe r co mm ands a m i l e and a quarter di stant wi t h

the rest of hi s comm and The resul t afte r a feebl e .
,

resi stance w as the capt u

,
re of the e nt i re F e d e ral fo rce o f

me n whom he carri e d o ff to M cM innville afte r

,

bu rni ng a l arge amou nt o f gove rnme nt sto re s ( Ge ne ral

F orre st s repo rt R e cords Vo l X V I p art r page The
’
.
, , , ,

Fi rst M i nne sota di d no t fire a gu n; the co mm and er

was di sm isse d the se rvi ce Ge ne ral B ue ll i n ge ne ral .

ord ers J ul y z i st says of the aff ai r

, , T aki ng i t i n all i ts “

fe atures few more d i sgraceful examp l e s of ne gl ec t of

,

duty andl ack of good cond uct can be fo und i n the h i story
of w ars ”
Th i s was ano the r stunni ng b l o w andi nte nsi
.
,

fied the al arm The fo rce of the Confede rate s th re ate n

.

i ng furthe r; aggre ssi ons was ex agge rate d and no o ne ,

co uld te ll whe n the next bl ow would be struck O n the .

1 9th Ge ne ral Bo y l e no t yet free d o f the a l arm Ge ne ral

, ,

Mo rganhadi nsp i red te l e graphe d Se cre tary Stanto n say

, ,

i ng th at Ge ne ral N e l so n w ho hadbee n se nt to M u , rfree s

bo ro afte r F orrest s i ncursi o n hadreporte d th a t

'
,

rebe l s th re ate ne d h i m at th at pl ace and he expe ct s an ,

"
e ngageme nt whe n the f act i s that Ge ne ral B ragg s
,
’

army w as sti ll a t Tupe l o andthe re was no t a Co nfe de rate

re gi ment wi th i n a h u ndredmi l e s .
l lO C ON FE D E R A TE JI ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

The e ff e c t
th i brilli nt succe ss f G ne ral Forrest
of s a o e

can be t b j udge db y the fo llo wi ng extract f rom G neral

s e e

B ue ll s sta tem nt i n re vi e w o f the e vi de n b e fo re the

'
e ce

mil i tary mmi ssi o n ( R e c ds V l XVI part p ge

co or ,
o .
, 1 ,
a

R e ferri ng to the campai gnat th i s peri o d he s ys : M or , a

ga n h d n oat ye t d i pp eare d fro m K ntu cky aft r h

sa is e e

fi rst i nro d wh en F orre t su

a ddenl y appe are d at Murfre es
s

b r o n the i 3 th o f J ul y urpri e d andca ptured the gar

o o ,
s s

ri so n co n i ti ng o f
,
s s men cavalry arti ll e ry andin , ,

f antry fo rming part o f the f ce w

,
h ich was abo ut to or

m ch fr m that pl ace and Tullah oma to occupy M c

ar o

Mi nnvi lle , ddi dse ri ous damage to the rai lro ad Two
an .

o th e r re gi me nts w hi ch hadbe e n desi gne d f o r Murf rees

bo ro had be e n de tache d and sent i nto Kentucky o n the
oc casi o n o f M organ s i ncu rsi o n The conse q uence of
’
.

th i s di saster was se ri o us The me o f the rai lroad from .

N ash vi ll e wh i ch hadb e e nco mple ted the v ery d

, ay be fore ,

andw h i ch I was de pe ndi ng o n to thro wsuppl ie s i nto Ste

ve nso n f o r a fo rward mo ve me nt was se t b ack two we e k s; ,

the fo rce t th ate ne d N ash ville i tse l f andthe

of F o rre s re

wh l e l i ne f rai l ro ad thro ugh Te nn ssee andth o ccu

o o e , e

p ti n o f M M i nnville was d l y ed two wee k s

a o c Thus it e a .

wi l l b e se e n th t th e se two small co lumns o f G nerals

a e

M o g n nd F
r a a t disco nce rte d the wh ol e sch e m of
o rre s e

G ne ral B u e ll s campi gn and d e laye d h i s Oper ti o ns

’
e a , a

much mo than two wee ks as fu

re rth e r de ve l opm nts ,
e

wi ll sho w .

G e ne ral N e lso n s di vi si o n arri ve dat McMinnville o n

’

the 3do f Au gu st andGe neral B u ,e ll was acti ve l y engage d

i n co nce ntra ti ng hi s army th ere pre paratory to cro ssi ng
the mou nt ai ns at A l tamo nt f o r the i nv asi o n o f East Te n
ne ssee whe n Ge ne ral M o rgan agai n appeare d on the
,

scene as a di stu rbi ng e l ement O n the 1 0 tho f A u gust .

,

havi ng mo ve d fro m K i ngston Tenn by hi s f avo ri te , .

,

rou te vi a Sparta he mad e hi s appe arance at Galla ti n 3 6

, ,

mi l e s north o f N ash vi lle whi ch had be en the sce ne o f ,

hi s rai d i n M arch and at dayl i ght o f the 1 thcapt ure d

, 2
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 111

Col W P Boone andfive compani es of the Twe nty e i ghth

. . .
-

Kentucky i nfantry who we re paro l ed andse nt north ward

,

at o nce He the n move d to the t unne l be twee n G allat i n

.

and F rank li n ca pt u re d the stock ad e wi th o u

, t a fight and ,

so e ff ec tu all y d es troye d the t u nne l 80 0 fee t l o ng by , ,

burning in i t a l o ng trai n l oad e d wi th bacon and o the r

su ppl i es that i t co uld no t be repaired f o r seve ral m o nth s
,
.

He then de stro ye d a b ri dge betwee n G allati n andN ash

vi lle andforty cars andw i th drew to H artsvi ll e th i rtee n
, , ,

m i l es e ast of Gal latin whe re he we nt i nto camp , .

Pend i ng thi s di saste r Ge neral B ue ll had as a precau ,

ti onary measu re sent B ri g Ge n R i ch ard W Joh nso n a -

. .
,

West Poi nte r and re gard e d as o ne of the be st o ffi ce rs i n

,

the se rvi ce fro m M cM i nnvi lle August 1 i th i n the di re c

, , ,
.

tio n of Gallati n H is com mand consiste d of a bo ut 7 00

.

cavalry m ad e upof det achme nts o f the Second Ind iana

, ,

Li eu t Co l R R Stew art ; F i fth Ke nt ucky M aj o r Wi n

.
- . . .
,

frey ; F ourth Ke ntucky C apta in C hi lson and Se ve nth , ,

Pennsy l vani a Co l one l Wynkoop He see ms to h ave

, .

made sl o w p rogress as he di d no t reach the vi ci ni ty o f ,

H artsvi ll e unti l the 1 9th whe n he first b ecame aware o f ,

Ge neral M organ s whe reabouts In the meanti me the’

.

latter had move d to Gall at i n and o n the e rst Gene ral , ,

Joh nson ad vance d fro m H artsvi ll e to attack M organ b ut ,

whe n si x mi l es wes t o f H artsvi ll e he met th at o fii ce r ,

be nt o n a si m ilar e rrand The resul t was most disas .

trous to Ge ne ral J o h nson s command as af te r a sh arp ’

, ,

ski rmi sh anda ru nni ng fight he was capt u re d wi th abo ut ,

3 00 of h i s offi cers andme n andthe rem ai nd e r of hi s fo rce

di spe rsed i n a disorderly fl i ght R epo rts of the F e d eral .

o fii ce rs engage d are fu ll of recri m i nat i on o ne agai nst the ,

o the r as to lack of co u
,
rage andmi sbeha vi or o n the fi e ld .

Ge neral J o h nso n say s I re gret to report tha t the co n ,

“

duct o f the o ffi ce rs andmen as a general thing was sh ame

fu l i n the l owest d egr ee andthe gre ate r po rti o n of th o se ,

who esca pe d wi ll remembe r that they sh amefull y aban

doued thei r ge neral on the batt l e fie ld wh i l e i f they had ,
1 12 CON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

re mai ne d l ik e true andbrave me n the resul t o f thi s co n

"
fli ct would h ave bee n qui te d i ff e re nt G e ne ral M o rgan . ,

i n reco gni ti on o f the gallantry o f his co mmand, i ssue d

the f o ll owi ng p roclamati o n:
H e ad q t
uar e rs M o r an s B ri ade , g '
g
t
H ar svill e , Tenn , A ugu s as, 1 86 3 t .

the l as two
.

Your all an be ari ng d u g t

ri n g t
b e no t o nl y
i nscri be d i n the i s or o f the h t y
co u ty
n r , and the annal s o f is war, b ut i s th
py h t
d e e l i n my e ar Yo ur ze al andd e vo i onatthe a tack
. t t
o f th t t
e res l e w o rk at Sau nde rsvi lle ando f the
t t
unc i o n s ockad e , yo ur e ro i sm d uri n the h g
ghts o f y t y h e s e rd a , av e p
laced yo u i o n the li s o f h gh t
th osept t a ri o s w ho are no w i n arms f o r
right s.

A ll co mmu t t t t h
ni ca i on cut o fi be wi x G all a i n andN as
y f tyt t y t p
vi ll e , a bo d o f 3 00 i n an r o all out upo r ak e n ri so n
t
e rs, the li be ra i o n o fth f
ose k i nd t y
ri e nds arres e d b ou r
gf f
reve n e u th th th p
l oes fo r no o e r reaso n an ei r co m assio n .

a te care o f o u r si ck and w ou nd e d, wo u
h ld ave be en
l aure ls suffici e n fo r o ur bro ws ; b ut so ld i ers, the uter
t y t
anni h t hJ g p
i l a i o nd Ge ne ral o nso n s b ri ade co m ose d o f 3 4
’

p p g t p p
i cke d co m ani es o f re ul ars sen o n u t r o se to ak e u s,
ra i sesy p tt
ou t f t
r re ua i o n as so ld i e rs ands ri k e s e ar i n o th e
crav e n h t y
e ar s o f ou r e ne mi e s hGe neral Jo nso n and
hi s s aff , wi
.

t th t p
2 00 me n ak e n ri so ne rs, 6 4 k i ll e d a nd1 00
wo unde d, a e s the re si s ance ma de a ndbe ar es i mo n
tt t t t t y
y
to o u r v al o r t
B ut o u
. h
r vi c o ri es hav e no t be e n ac i e ved
wi ou loss We a ve to mo urn so me b rave and dear
th t . h
co mrad esh . T e i r names w t
ill re mai n i n o ur b reas s and
th f ei r t th
ame o u l i ves h y
em f
T e d i e d i n d e e nse o f a
di e d l i k e gallan soldi ers wi
.

g o o d cau th y
se ; e t th th eir
f t
ro n to the f oe .

fO fi ce rs and me n, o uy t
r co nd u c p
makes me ro ud to
co mmand yo u ht Pi y. al w f ght y t
a s as yo u o u y es e rda ,
a ndyo uare i nvi nci lo .

g
Jo a n H M o ns / m, Co l one l , Co mmandi n C ava l r
. y .

B y th is t i m the di ters w re thi cke ni ng andGe ne ral

e sas e

Bu e ll was th o ughl y ro used to ro re l i ati on o f th

a e a a z

st o rm w h i ch w bo ut to b u t upo nhi m o f wh i ch the s

as a rs , e

wer b ut the p l i mi nary admo ni t i ons The mo v ments

e re . e

o f Ge n K i rb y S mi th in E as t Te nn see h
. adcau se dhim es
 TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

ne ra l t y t
N e lso n to Ke n uck to ak e
h p t t p t
to mak e ot e r i m o r an di s osi i o ns .

t t t
me an i me be e n ac i ve at andabou
(1 w t h th
as i n o u c wi Morg an; b ut
e d a f e w da s to re cu era e f or th
y p t e

t p
abo u to O en, th f e orme r re mai ned

t the advance o f the i nfantry from

to gi ve a succi nct narrati ve o f the
a fi airs in K e ntu ck y andTenne sse e

pe ratio ns whi ch pre cede d andi n a

ay f o r the drama o f w h i ch i t may be
cc to h ave be e n the cu rtai n rai se r
,

gi ve n to B ragg s campai gn i n Ke n
’
 CHA PTER X .

B RAGG S KEN TU CKY CA M PAIGN —ITS CO NCEPTIO N D U E

'

TO G EN ERA L E KI R B Y S M IT H—H IS LETT E R TO

.

B RA GG SU GG E ST IN G IT —BRA GG S PR E IO US PLAN V
’

—H IS CO N FEREN CE WITH SM I TH —T RAN SFER O F

H IS AR MY F R O M T U PE LO TO C H ATTAN OOGA
—
PL AN O F O PERA TIO N S O R GA N IZATION O F TH E
B RAGG S CO LU M N SMITH S CO LU M N
' '
FO RC E S
G EN E RAL SM ITH S B O LD PLAN J- ITS SUCCESSFUL
‘

E EC U TIO N — CU M B ER LAN D
X G A P TU RN E D . AN D
EAST E R N K EN TU C KY OC C U PI E D —SC OTT S CA A L V
—
R Y—BATT LE O F R IC H M O N D G R E AT CO N F ED ERATE
VI CTO R Y —O CC U PATIO N OF LE ING TON AN D X
FRAN K F O R T AN D T H E CO UN TR Y E A ST O F LO U IS
V V
I LLE T O T H E O H IO RI ER - EN TH U SIAST IC R E o

—
C EPT I O N B Y TH E PE O PLE AM PLE SU PPLIES- CO N
F ED E RA TE R ECR U ITS .

HE p t y
ubli ca i o n b the F ed e ral o vernmen of the
g t
o fii ci al reco rds o f bo th
armi e s ro w s mu c ne w
th h
li u on the mi li ar o e ra io ns o f the war Even
ght p t y p t .

the b est i nforme dd u ri n the ro re ss o f a cam ai n w

g p g ere p g
li mi te d i n th e i r kno wledge o f mo veme nts to the i mmedi
ate h o ri zo n o f th e i r o bse rvati on and e x pe ri e nce w hi le to
,

bu t feww ere kno w n sufi ci e nt facts to e nable th em to nu

de rstandandto gi ve an accurate account o f a grea t battle
o r campai gn B u . tw i th the vo l ume s o f the o fl
i ci al re co rds
be fo re hi m i n wh i ch have bee n re prod uce d wi th re mark
,
~

abl e accu racy and compl e te ness al mo st e ve ry o rd er or

re po rt, the i mpart i al se arche r after t ruth i s abl e to co m .

pre h end e very mo ve me nt fro m i ts i nce pti o n to i ts close

and to recti fy many erro rs w hi ch h ave crystall i ze d i nto
h i sto ry An i nstance i n po i nt i s to b e found i n the mat
.

te r o f the K e ntu ck y campa i gn A cl ose study o f the rec

.

o rdcl earl y sho w s th at w hi le the exe cutio no f i t was i nthe

 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 15

hands o f Ge neral B ragg the conce pti o n ando ri gi nal p lan

,

sho u l d be cre di t e d to Ge n E dmu nd Ki rb y Smi th

. Lo ng .

de fe r r e d j us ti ce to the l atter d isti ngui sh e d so ldi e r te

u s , th e re fo re a bri e f sta te me nt o f th e facts u po n
q i re ,

whi ch th is co ncl usi o n is base d wh o ll y i n the cause o f hi s

,

tori c tr uth, andwi th the most i mparti al fai rness to bo th

office r s . As has bee n alread y sta te d , Ge ne ral B ragg had
su ccee d ed Ge ne ral B eau re g ard i nco mmand o f th e West e rn

depart me nt o n the 1 7 tho f J une , 1 86 3 wh i le Ge n Ki rby , .

Smi th w as i n co mmand o f the d e partme nt of E ast Te n

nesse e w i th h ead q uarters at K no xvi ll e Wi th the ocen .

pati o n o f Cumbe rl and Gapby Ge n Geo W M organa fe w . . .

days a f ter th i s and the de mo nstrati on made by Ge neral

,

Bu ell o n Cha ttanoo ga i n h is be h al f Ge ne ral Smi th b e , ,

comi ng convi nce d o f th e pe ri l w h i ch thre ate ne d hi s de

partmmi t, app li e d to Ge neral B ragg for re inf o rce ments .

But Ge nera B ra l gg havi ng co nce i ved th i d a o f attacki ng

, e e

Ge nera l B u e ll i n fl ank i n Mi ddl e Te nnesse e as h e w as ,

sl o w l y maki ng his way eastward re pli ed that i n vi e wo f ,

th is p ro posed mo veme nt he ne e d e d e ve ry man ( Se e .

Re be l li o n R eco rd s part , Vo l XV I p age

2, Ge ne ral
. ,

Smi th o n the 2 4th u rge d upon the auth ori ti es at R i ch

mond the nece ssi ty o f ai d wi tho ut whi chth e y must e l ect
,

ei the r to gi ve u p C hattano o ga o r East Tenne sse e and ,

Gene ral Bragg se nt Ge n J ohn P M cco w . nw i th a small .

d i vi si o n to Ch a ttanoo ga wh ere he arri vedon J u

, l y ath .

For ne a rl y a m nth d o uri ng wh i ch occurre d the cavalry

,

Ope rati o ns de t a i l e d i n th e prece di ng ch a pte r Ge ne ral ,

B ragg adh ered to hi s p u rpo se o f mo vi ng no rth ward ag ai nst

Gene ra l B u e ll andre achi ng N ash vi ll e by th at ro u te ‘

.

Me anti me Ge n K irby Smi th o rgani z e d the cavalry

.

co mmand s o f Ge ne ral Mo rganandF o rrest andse nt th e m ,

on th e i r rai d s o f h i s ow n mo ti o n as we ll as to re tard the ,

progress of B ue ll until Bragg co uld so tri k e hi m as to s ,

rel ie v e hi s o w n department .

‘ t
See le t e r G Harri s, Vol XVI l, p age 7 1 0,
. .
- dated
uly 28th, i n whi ch he says Ge neral B ragg expe cte d to go dire ct
gTo m T u e lo to N as h
p vi l e l .
1 16 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

O n the 1 7 th of J ul y Gene ral B ragg o rd e red G e n F rank .

C A rmst rong, hi s comm ander of caval ry , to move at once

.

northward toward the Te nne ssee l ine , as near as practi

cabl e to D e catu r, p re li m i nary to hi s ad vance agai nst Ge n
e ral B ue ll O n the 1 9th, Ge ne ra l Sm i th, be i ng agai n
.

th re ate ne d , urge d Ge neral B ragg to se nd more re inforce

me nts, to wh i ch repl y was m ad e th at i t was i mpo ssi bl e as
he was conf ro nted by a supe ri or fo rce Ri chm o nd be i ng .

agai na ppea ledto o n the z rst Ge ne ral B ragg i ssue d o rde rs ,

di recti ng Gene ral H ardee to procee d wi th Cheath am s '

,

Wi the rs and J o nes di vi si ons to Chattano oga by rai l via

' ’

M obi l e the art i ll e ry engi nee r p i o ne er andw agon trains

, , ,

to move thence vi a A berd ee n andC o l u mbus T uscal oosa , ,

Gadsd e n andR o me 40 0 m i l es The re i s no i nti mati on

,
.

that he i nte nd ed to se nd addi ti o nal troo ps or to go h i mse lf

unt i l afte r the follo wi ng l ette r from Ge ne ral Smi thz “

H ead quarte rs D epartme nt o f E ast Te nne ssee,

Knoxvi lle , Te nn , J ul y 2 4, 1 86 3
. .

Ge n B raxton B ragg
. ,

Co mm and i ng A rmy o f the M i ssi ssi pp i

Ge ne ra l : Bue ll s m o veme nts and p reparati ons i a
’

di cate a spe edy attack o n th i s departme nt The com .

l i n of h i arrangeme nts w d e l aye d by the e x pe di ti on

p e t o s as
unde r Co l o ne l F orre st The expe d i t i o n was se nt wi th .

the e x pe ctati on th at i t would ret ard the e nemy andgi ve

ti me fo r your ad vance Yo ur te le gram s of the zo thand .

z rst i nfo rm me th a t re i nfo rceme nts h ave been se nt to

th i s de partmm t and of the i mpossi b i l i ty of e nte ri ng

M i ddl e Te nne ssee fro m your p rese nt po si ti o n The e n .

emy w i ll I th i nk atte mpt no i nvasi o n o f M i ssi ssi ppi o r

, ,

A l ab am a thi s su mme r The ch aracte r of the count ry .

,

the cli ma te andthe necessi ty f or co nce nt rati o n E ast are

, ,

i nsu rmou ntab l e obst acl e s ; he w i ll co nfine hi s eff o rt s to

secu ri ng h i s p re se nt co nque st s and to o b tai ni ng posse s
si o n of E ast Te nne ssee m ak i ng i t a b ase f o r f all andw
, in
te r O perat i o ns Can yo u no t l e ave a po rt i o n of yo u
. r
fo rce s i n obse rv at i o n i n M i ssissi ppi andsh i fti ng the m ai n
d epartme nt ta ke comm and i n pe rso n? ,

’
i d em p .
7 34 . Se e l
a so l e tte r from Gene ral Bea ure gard to
Ge ne ra l Bragg J ul y 22 .
,
1 86 2 , Vol x vrn ,
. p .
 C ON F ED E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 17

The re i s yet ti me f or a bri lli ant summe r campaign; yo u

wi ll h ave a good andsecure base abund ant supphe s ; the ,

Te nne ssee can be cro sse d at any po i nt by the ai dof ste am

and the camp d
and fe rry boa t s
p
ai
p n w i th eve
e ct o f re gai ni ng po sse ssi on o f i i da
,
( e e
prosp ls Te nnessee an
possi bl y Kentucky .

I w ill no t onl y co ope rate wi th yo u b ut wi l l chee rfull y

-
,

l ace my comm and und e r yo u subject to yo ur ord e rs

T
.

he fo rce no w und e r my comm and i n th i s dep artme nt

co nsists of th ree di vi si o ns Ge neral Steve nsoncomm ands.

the first di vi si o nco mpo se d of o ne ca val ry andfo ur i nfantry

onddi visi o n commisi ng a l e gi on

, bri gad e of cavalry , o ne
and th ree o f i nfantry abou t e fi e cti ve s
,
General .

M cCo wn repo rt s e fi e cti ve me n i n h i s di vi si o n I .

have pl ace d hi m i n co mm and of the di stri ct o f Ch atta

nooga . W i th Gene ral Heth hi s command numbers ,

or e fi ecti ve Th i s de partme nt was organi ze d i nd e

.

o f the army of the We st andby o rd e rs repo rt s

to the war d ep artme nt I t was I presume a .
, ,

mi stake of your ad j utant general call i n upo n me f o r -

,

week l y repo rts I h ave di re cted my

. j utant gene ral -
,

h o weve r to make o ut andse nd yo ua copy of the conso l i

,

date d return Yo u wi ll find a gre at di sproporti on of

.

arti ll ery and ca v alry and the re gi me nts ve ry ge nerall y

ne wl evi es late l y o rd e redto the d e p
. artme nt .

I am Ge ne ral you , r obe di e nt se rv ant ,

E K i nar Swr n M ajor Ge neral Co m manding
,
.
-
, .

O n the 3 0 th o f J ul y Ge neral B ragg arri ve d at Ch atta

noo ga andwas met by Gene ral Smi th , wi th whom he had
a full confere nce N ext day he wrote as foll ows (i de m; p
. .

7 41 )

Head uarte rs D epa rtme nt N o a . .

hatta no oga Te nn A u ust 1 1 86 2

A dj utant andI nspec to r Ge ne ral :
, .
, .

In p u rsuance o f my p u rpose and p l an of

operati ons re po rted from T upe l o I reache d he re o n the ,

morni ng of the 3 0 thult The troo ps are com i ng o n as .

1 18 CO N F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ra pidl y as the rai l ways cancarry them M i G en E Ki rby . a -

. .

Smi th m t me h e y t rd y b y ppo i ntm nt

e er nd we es e a a e , a
h ve rrange d me ure f r mutual suppo rt ande ff ecti ve
a a as s o
c o o pe rati n A s so me ten da y
o . tw o w k s mu st e lapm s or ee
be f my me ns o f transpo rtati o n wi ll re ach h e
o re a to re ,
su ch ex te nt as to n bl me t take th fi ld w ei th my
a e o e e
mai n force i t h s be e n d t rmined th t Ge ne ral Smi th
,
a e e a
sh all m v t o nce ag i ns t G n al M o rgan i n f nt f
o e a a e er , ro o
Cu mb rl nd G p Sh uld he b succ ssful ando ur we ll
e a a . o e e
g o und d h p b fulfi ll d our enti re f
r e e es wi ll th en b e
e e , orce
th ro wn i nto M i ddle T nn wi th the fin t p pe t e esse e , es ro s c
o f cu tti n o ff G e ne l B u ll sh uld th at co mmand r re ra e ,
o e o

m in i n
a p s nt p i ti on Should he b e re i nfo rced
re e os .

me nti me fr m we st o f the T e nnesse e ri ve r so as to co pe

a o

wi th us the n V n D m nd Pri ce c n st i k nd l ear

,

,
a o a a r e a c
W st Te nnesse e o f ny force tha t can b e l e ft to ho ld i t
e a .

Ou r cavalry force s th r w n ut fr m Tupe l o are h arass o o o

i ng the e nemyi n that gi n and I trust wi ll h o ld hi m re o .

i n ch eck unt l w c n dri v hi f c s fro m M i ddl e Te n

i e a e s or e
h e
e sse The f ee li ng i n M iddl e T enn
. andK nt u ck y esse e e
i s re pre se nte d by F o rre t and M organ to hav e b com s e e
i nt n l y h ti l t th
e se n my
os nd n th i ng i s w nti ng
e o e e e ,
a o a
bu t arms andsu ppo rt to b i ng the pe opl into our r nk r e a s,
f o r th ey h v f und th t ne utrali ty has o ff ere d th e m no
a e o a
p ro te t n B o th B u ll at B ri d g po rt and M gan t
c io . e e or a
Cu mb l nd G ap are n w nd h v been f or so m days
er a o a a e e
o n h rt s o tions o wi n to th e xh usti n o f the country
ndo ur i nte rrupti n o g
ra , e a o
a the r i lro ds i n th e i r ro wh ich a a e ar,
l eaves th em wi tho ut ad e qu t me ans o f transportatio n a e .

R espectfully y u r o be di nt serv nt ,
o e a ,

B a axr o uB a ao o , G e neral Co mmandi ng .

t
A t the i me thi s l ette r w wri tten wh ile Ge neral B uell as ,

w s re ally
a i nt ndi ng to ente r East Te nne see b y way f
e s o

M cM i nnvill ndAl tamo nt h w masking hi s p

e a urpom ,
e as

b y thr wi ng a fo rce to d
o Ch ttanoo g as i f i nt endi ng a a,

to go th e U p n th is hypo th e si s B r gg p o p se d to
er . o a r o

mar h no rth f o m Ch ttan g and mo ve i nto M i ddl e

c r a oo a

T nn see i n the di re cti n o f N ashvill vi Al tam nt

e es o e, a o
a nd M cM i nnville and t g t i nt what w ould b e B u ll s
, o e o e
’

re ar i f he w as in f t co nc ntrati ng fo r a m ve o n Ch t
ac e o a
tano ga oGe n r l B u ll ad opte d thi s th eo ry as t B rag g s
. e a e o
'

i nte nti ons andwh en he m v d m d hi s di sposi ti ns to

, o e , a e o
 CON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

oppo se hi s passage thro ugh the mountai ns by the pro

pose d ro ute B ut as wi ll b e e n lat r B ragg s p lan was
. se e ,
’

al te re d so as no t to ta k e th e A l tamo nt ro ute b ut to ,

ke p o n to Sparta
e .

Th m u ntai no ue s co ndi ti on o f the co u

o ntry through
whi c h Ge ne ral B ragg s trai ns hadto come fro m Tupe lo '

del y e d th e i r arri val nd the advance o f his army full a

a a

fortni ght longe r th an he hadex pecte d andco nsume d i n

val u ble ti me Meanti me h was pe rfecti ng his organiza
a . e

ti on H i s own force consi ste d of the fo llowi ng co mmands :

.

R IG H T WI N G , A R M Y O F TH E M I SSI SSI PPI.

c m rn w s mvrsto n’
.

Fi rs t bri gade Ei g , B ri g G e n D -
. . S . D onel so n: hth
Tenne sse e , 00 1 W L M oo re ; Fi ee n Te nne ssee , . . . ft th
Co l R C T l er ; Si x e en
. . Te nne sse e , Co l J o n H
. y t th .
h .

Sava ge ; Thi r e ig T e nnesse e , Co l J o n C Car er ;ty -

hth . h . t
fy
Fi t first Te nne sse e , Co l J o n C e s er ; Carne s’ b at
-
. h h t
tery, C a W W Carne s pt . . . .

Se co nd bri g ade , B rig Ge n A P S e w ar : F ou r

-
. . . t t th
Te nnesse e, Co l 0 F S ra l ; Fi Te nne sse e , Co l . . . t h fth .

D C V e nabl e ; Tw
. . en our Te nnessee, L i e u -Col ty f th -
t
. .

, . tt
H L B ra o n; T i r first Te nne sse e , Co l E E Tansi ll
; h ty -
. . .

T irh ty thi rd Te nne ssee , Co l W P J o nes ; S an o rd ’ s

-
. . . t f
tt
ba ery, Ca pt T J S an o rd . . . t f .

h
T i rd bri gad e , B ri g Ge n Geo rge Mane : Fort first
y
-
. y ~

Georgi a, Co l C A McD ani e l ; Fi rs Tenne sse e Col .

,
. . t .

H R F e i ld ; Si x
.
. Tenne sse e , Co l Ge o C Po r e r ; N i n th . . . t th
Tennessee , Co l C S H u r ; Tw en se v e n Te nne ssee ,
. . . t ty -
th
A W Cald well ; M Smi .
’
s b a er , Li e u
.
W B th tt y t . . .

Tu rne r .

Four th bri gade

B ri g Gen Pre sto n Smi : Twel ,
-
. th fth
Tenne ssee , Co l T H B e ll ; T i r e e n Te nne ssee , Co l . . . h t th .

A . Vau J
g an, Jr ; F o r
. se v e n h
Te nnesse e , Co l . ty - th .

M R H i ll ; One H undre d and Fi f t o ur

. . Te nne ssee , y f th
-

. . tg
Co l E Fi z e rald ; N i n h Te xas, Co l W H Yo un : t . . . g
1 20 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

S h ph tar s oo e rs, Co l P T . . . Alli n; S P B ank . . head s ’

b at
te ry Li ut ,
e . W . L Sco . tt .

'
W I TH E RS Di vi si o N .

F i rs t b ig d r a e, B ri g Ge n F ran G ar ne r :
N i ne ee n -
. k d t th
A l abama, Co l Jos W e e le r ; T wen seco nd A l abama,
. . h ty -

C0 1 Z C D e as ; Twe n fifth, Co l J Q Lo o mi s ;
. . . ty -
. . .

Tw en si x ,
ty -
th
001 J G Co ltart ; T i r ni n , Col . . . h ty -
th .

H D Cl a o n; S ar s oo e rs, Ca
. . yt h ph t B C Yance ; R ob pt . . . y
e rtso n s b a er , Ca
’
tt y pt
F H R o be rtso n . . . .

Se co nd bri gad e , B ri g Ge n J R C al mers : Fi M is -

. . . h fth
si ssi p i
p, Li e u -Co l t
W L S k es ; Se ve n M i ssi ssi i ,
. . . . y th pp
Co l W H B i s o ; N in
. . M issi ssi i , Ca
. h p
T H th pp pt . . .

y
L nam ; T e n th
M i ssi ssi i , L i e ut Col J G B ull ard ; pp .
~ . . .

Tw ty M i ssi ssi i , Co l E C Wal all ; B l

th pp th yth ’
en nin -
e s . . .

pp
Mi ssi ssi i re gi rm nt, Li e u Co l Jas M oo re ; Ke c um s
'
t .
-
. . th
b tt y C pt W
a er ,
a . . H . Ke tch um .

T hi d bri g d e r a ,
B ri g Ge n -
.
J . K . J ackso n: Twe n ty
fourth A l b ma a , Co l W A B u
a ck ; T i r . . . h ty -
second Ala .

bama , Co l Al e xand e r M cK instry; Fi t Geo rgi a, Col

. fh .

N e i ll ; T wen ty se venth M i ssi i ppi Col T M Jon s ;

-
ss , . . . e

Bu rtw e ll s ba tte ry C pt J R B B urtwe ll

'
, a . . . . .

F o ur b ri th gade Col A M Manigaul t Te nth So uth

,
. . .
,

J o hn R e i d ; Thi rty f ourth Alabama, Co l J C B

C .
~
. . . .

th t
M i c e ll ; F i rs Loui si ana, Li e u Col F H F arrar, Jr ; t .
- . . . .

h t
Te nt So uhCaro l i na, Li e u Co l Jas F Pre ssle ; N i ne t
.
-
. . . y
te e nth So u Caro li na , Col A J Lythgoe ; Wa e rs
th t
’
. . .

ba e r , Ca D avi d D Wa e rs
tt y pt . . t .

t t
A b s rac o f fie ld re u rn o f the arm of Mi ssi ssi i, t y pp
co mmand e d b G e n B rax o n B ragg, Auygus 2 7 , 1 86 2 : . t t
RI G H T WI N G .

Efie cti ve

I 3 '5 5 7
 C ON F ED ER A TE M I L I TA R Y H IS TOR Y . lzl
‘

Pa m ur FO R D U TY .

A rtille ry .

'

is
8
s
a 3
8
s ?
a

2 46 23 5 7 l 5 . 647

30 3 53 26 8
G ran d 32 3 99 54 3 t. 884

The Left wi ng army of the M i ssi ssi pp i comm and ed by , ,

Mai Ge n W J H ard ee co nsi stedof the di vi si o ns o f Ge ns

-
. . .
,
.

S B Bu
. ck ne r and Pa tto n A nde rson
. The first co m .

pri sed the b ri gad e s o f Ge ns B ush rod R Joh nso n . .

,

St J o h n R Li dd e ll and S A M Wood
. . Ge ne ral , . . . .

And e rso n s d i vi si on consi ste d of the b ri gade s of Ge ne

’
.

D W A d am s Thom as M Jo nes andJ C B rown and

. .
, . . .
,

C01 Sam Po we ll
. .

M ai Ge n Ki rby Sm i th s army was organi ze d as f o l

-
'
.

a m O F KEN TU C K Y .

nnsr nm sro u, B R IG . - G EN . c . L . sr avs s so u .

bri gade Co l J ames E Rai ns z—Fourth Te nne s

Se cond ,
. .

see Co l J A M cMurry; E l e ve nth Tenne ssee Col

, . . .
, .

J. E R a i n
.s ; F o rty se cond Geo rgi a 00 1 R J He nd e rso n -
, . . .

Th i rd Georgi a b attali on Li e ut Co l M A Stovall , .

- . . .

Twe nty ni nth N orth C arol i na Co l R B Vance ;

-
, . . .

Ye i ser s batte ry Capt J G Ye i se r

'
, . . . .

Th ird bri gade B ri g Ge n S M B artonz— Thi rt i e th ,

-
. . .

A l a bam a Co l C M She ll ey ; Th i rty first Alab ama C0 1

, . . .
-
. .

D .R Hu ndl ey ; F orti eth Geo rgi a Co l A Johnso n;

.
,
. .

Fi fty seco nd Geo rgi a 00 1 W Boy d ; N inth Georgi a

-
, . .

battal i o n M aj T J Sm i th ; Ande rson s batte ry C apt

, . . .
’
,
.

J. W A n d e r
.so n .

F ourth bri gad e Col A W R e ynolds z— Twe nti eth , . . .

Ala b am a Co l I W Garrott ; Th i rty si x th Georgi a Co l

, . . .
-
,
.

J A G l e nn; Th i rty ni nth Georgi a Co l J T M cCo nnell

. .
-
,
. . .

F o rty th ird Georgi a Col S H arri s ; T hi rty ni nth N o rth

-
, . .
-
1 22 C ON FE D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Caro li na Co l , . D . Col em an; Th i rd M ary land battery C apt , .

F i fthbri gade Co l Thos H Taylo r z—Twe nty th i rd , . . .

-

A l ab ama Col F K Be ck ; F o rty si xth A la bam a Co l

, . . .
-
, .

M L Woo ds ; Th i rd Te nne ssee Col J C Vaugh n;

. .
, . . .

Th i rty first Te nne ssee Co l W M B radford ; F i fty ni nth

-
,
. . .
-

T e nnessee Co l J B Cooke R hett arti ll ery Capt

,
. . .
:

, .

ssco x n D l VlSl O N , B R IG A D IE R - G E N E R A L us ua v ne w .

Fi rst b ri gad e , B ri g Gen D Le ad bette r —F orty th i rd -

. .
-

Tenne sse e, Co l W G i ll e sp i e Th i ty fourth Geor ia

J r .
g . .
,
-
,

Co l J A W J o hnso n; F i fty si xth Georgi a Co l E P

. . . .
-
, . . .

Watki ns ; F o rty thi rd A l abam a Co l A Graci e Jr -

, . .
, .
,

J ackso n s arti ll e ry C apt G A D ure

'
, . . . .

Seco nd b ri gad e Co l W G M D avi s —Si xth F l ori da , . . . .

,

C o l J J F i nl ey ; Seve nth F lori da Col M S Pe rry ;

. . .
,
. . .

F i rst F l o ri da cav alry Co l W G M D a vi s ; M ari on , . . . .

arti ll e ry C apt J M M arti n, . . . .

Fi rst caval ry b ri gad e Col Benj Allsto nz— Fi rst Te n ,

. .

ne sse e cav alry Co l H M A shby ; Se co nd Te nnessee , . . .

ca v alry Col J B M cLi nn; Thi rd T e nne ssee ca v alry

, . . .
,

Co l J W Starnes ; First Geo rgi a ca valry Co l J J

. . .
, . . .

M orri so n; Howi tze r b atte ry Fi rst L i e ut G A H uwe ld ,

- . . . .

Ke ntucky val ry Li e ut Co l T G Woodward; Fi rst

ca ,
.
-
. . .

Lo ui si ana caval ry Co l Jno S Scott ; E i ghth Tex as cav , . . .

a lry Co l J A Wh arton
, . . . .

O n the 9tho f A u gu st Ge ne ral B ragg add e d to Ge neral

Smi th s com mand from hi s o w n the bri gade s o f Ge ne ral s

’

C l eb urne and P m sto n Sm i th form i ng temporari l y a ,

fo urth di vi si on unde r C l eb urne and al so Ge n T J ,

. . .

Ch urch i ll s d i vi si on i ncl udi ng the bri gad e s of M cC ray

’

a nd M cN ai r const i t u ti ng the th i rd di vi si on of Ge ne ral

,
'
Sm i th s army .

O n the 9th Ge neral Sm i th in a l ette r to Ge neral , ,

B ragg says th at fro m B ue ll s p re se nt posi ti on Sparta

,
’

would seem to be o ne of hi s natural li ne s i nto m i ddl e

 C ON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 28

Te nne ssee He al so say s tha t he l earns th at Ge n Geo

. . .

W Morgan has ne arl y a m o nth s suppl y o f p ro vi si o ns

.
’
.

I f th is be tru e the re ducti o n o f the pl ace would be a mat

,

te r of more ti me th an I p re su me yo uare wi ll i ng I sho uld

take As my m o ve to Lex i ngton would e ff ectuall y i nve st
.

Morgan andw o uld be atte nd ed wi th o the r m o st b ri ll iant

resu l ts i n my j udgme nt I sugge st my be i ng allo we d to
, ,

take th at co urse i f I findthe spee dy red ucti on o f the Gap

,
"
an i mp racti cab l e th i ng (i de m p Ge ne ral , .

B ragg i n hi s repl y ne x t day do ubts the ad vi sab i l i ty o f

Ge ne ral Sm i th s m o vi ng f ar i nto Ke nt ucky wh i l e le avi ng
’

M o rgan i n hi s re ar unt i l he co uld e ngage B ue ll full y and ,

says he d oe s no t cre di t the am o u nt of M organ s suppl i e s

'

andh as co nfid e nce i n h i s t i m i d i ty He adds th a t i t wi ll .

be a week befo re he can co mmence c rossi ng the ri ver ,

and i nformati on he h opes to rece i ve would dete rm i ne

whi ch route he would take to N ashvi ll e o r Le xington , .

Van D o rn and Pri ce he says w i ll ad v ance si multa , ,

neo uslywi th hi m from M issi ssi ppi o nWest Te nne sse e and ,

he h o pe s they wi ll all mee t i n O hi o The fe e l i ng of .

h 0 pe andconfide nce i n the succe ss of the expe di ti on was

a t h i gh wa te r m ark w i th eve ry o ne .

O n the n th Ge neral Sm i th wro te to Pre si d ent D avi s

o ut l i ni ng hi s pl an f o r e nte ri ng Ke nt ucky wh i ch was sub ,

sta nti ally t ha t e x ecu —

ted by hi m th at he wi th C leburne s '
,

di vi si o n w o uld cross the mo unta i ns by two routes mov

, ,

i ng by R oge rs Gap wh i l e Heth w o uld p ush on th ro u gh

’
,

B i g C reek G apto B arbo ursvi ll e gett i ng i n Ge ne ral M o r ,

gan s rea r wh i l e Steve nso n w o u ld threa te n hi m i n fro nt

’
.
,

Co l J o hn S Sco tt wi th ni ne h undre d cav al ry wo uld

. .
, ,

p ush o n to L ondon K y vi a K i ngs t o n He say s hi s , .

, .

ad v ance i s m ad e i n the h o pe o f pe rmane nt l y occupyi ng

Ke ntucky It i s a b o ld m o ve o fi e ri ng bri ll i ant t e
.
,

su l ts b ut wi ll be acco mp li she d o nl y w i th h ard fighti ng

,

andm u st be su sta i ned by co nsta nt re i nf o rceme nts He .

trusts th at Ge n S B B uck ne r wi ll be se nt wi th hi s co l
. . .

umn as the re i s no t a si ngl e K e nt ucki an o f i nfl ue nce o r a

,
1 24 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

si n gle Ke n uck tgi me nt wi th the command O n the

y re .

r3 th h e addresse d h i s l ast c mmu ni cat io n to Ge neral o

B ragg be fo re l eavi ng f r the fro nt sa yi ng I l eave h e re

o , ,

to ni ght and w
-
i ll b e at B ig Cree k G p Fri d y ( 1 6 th) a a .

O n Sa t u rday ni ght I w i ll cr s the mo u ntai ns by R og os

e rs G apw i th fo u r b ri gad e s o f i nf antry 6 oo o strong and

'
, ,

march d ire ctly upo n C umbe rl and Fo rd At the sa me

we H e thwi ththe artille ry andsubsi ste nce trai ns andtwo
.

bri gad e s mo ve s by B i g Cree k G apupo n Barb o urs vi lle

,

andSte v nso n mo ves u

e pandtak e s posi ti on close to the
G api n fro nt S co tt wi th 9
. caval ry and a battery o f
,
00

mo unta i n ho wi tze rs l e ft K i ngsto n yeste rday andsh o uld

,

reach Lo nd n Ky Su o nd ay
, .
, .

It w as th e most b ri l li ant co nce pti o n f th e w ar as bo ld o ,

as Lee s mo ve to Ge ttysb u rg andre q ui ring the dash and

’

ne rve o f Sto ne wall J acks n B si des i t was no t a si ngle o . e ,

co l u mn; i t was four the failure o f e i th e r o ne i nvo l vi ng ,

di saster and possi bl e de structi o n to all H is route was .

thro ugh a mo untai no us country de pl e te d o f suppli e s by

bo th armi e s and co veri ng the te rri to ry i n wh i ch Zo lli
,

co ff e r had l o st h i s li fe and Cri tt end en s army hadb ee n

'

anni hilat ed ; th ro u gh whi ch also Tho mas and Sch o epf

a nd M o rgan had f o r a year tri e d to co v er the gro u nd ,

wh ich b e agai nst a gre ate r force th an they hade ver en

,

co u nte re d p ropo e d to occupy i n a f e wdays

,
s H i s pro .

gramme as ske tch ed abo ve was carri e d o ut wi th the

, ,

pre ci si n o f a ch ess p bl em Co l J oh n S Sco tt wi th a

o ro . . .
,

fo rce o f 86 9 me n styl e d the Ki rby Smi th bri gad e co m

, ,

pose d o f the Fi rst Lo ui si ana ca valry Li e ut Co l Jas O , .

- . . .

N ixo n; the Fi rst Geo rgia caval ry Co l J J M o rri son , . . .

,

andth e Bu ckne r Gu ards Captai n G arne tt l e ft Ki ngston , ,

on th e 1 3 th mo ve d via J amesto w
,
n Te nn M o nti ce ll o , .
,

an d Some rse t Ky and at 7 o clock a m on th e i 7 th

, .
,
’
. .

captu re d Lo ndo n Ky ta ki ng m pri so ners anda large

, .
,

nu mbe r o f wagons l oad e d wi th q uarte rmaster andco m

mi ssary sto res des ti ne d for Cumbe rl and Gap O n the a3d .

he a ttack ed Co l Le o ni das M e tcalfe o f the Se venth K e n

.
,
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 126

tucky ca val ry H i ll seve ntee n mi l es fro m Ri ch

,
at B ig ,

m o nd and ro u
,
ted hi m w i th heavy 108 8 the n pursui ng ,

the e nemy i n d i so rde rl y fl i ght ne arl y to Ri chmo nd .

M e a nti me Ge neral Smi th foll o w i ng the l i ne of o pera ,

»

ti ons i nd i ca te d i n hi s l ette r to P re sid ent D avi s o f the

n th crosse d the C u
, mbe rl and mo untai ns through R o g
d si o ns o f C l ebu rne and Ch u rch i l l
'
ers G a
p w i th the, i vi
6 o o o stro ng ando n the t 8 threached B arbo u
, ,
rsvi ll e K y , .
,

whi l e Ge ne ral Heth conveying the art i ll e ry andtrai ns ,

th rough Bi g C reek Gap j o i ne d him o n the 2 2 d ,

.

Be i ng re i nforce d by a b ri gade f rom Steve nso n s divi s ’

i on Ge ne ral Sm i th ad vance d from B arbou

,
rsvill e to

ward s Ri chmond o u the 2 7 th wi th me n ando n ,

the 3 0 th attacke d the F e de ral fo rce s near

unde r Ge n M D M anso n of Ge ne ral N e l so n s di vi si o n
. . .
,
’

esti m ate d by Gene ral Sm i th a t The pri nci pal

fight i ng was do ne by the Conf e d e rates unde r C l ebu rne

and Ch u rch i ll Scott s cav al ry h avi ng bee n sent to the

’
,

re ar of Ri chm o nd U pon the final ro ut o f the F e d e ral s tw

. o

mi l es we st o f th at place the day cl ose d wi th the capture ,

of o ver p ri sone rs i ncl udi ng Gene ral M anso n Ge n , .

e ral N el so n who came upo n the field about 2 o clock

,
'
,

afte r wi tnessi ng a p ani c o f hi s o w n troops as gre at as tha t

he saw at Shi loh escape d ca pture by tak i ng a b y road ,
-
.

The Co nfe de rate loss was abo ut 4 5 ° ki ll e d andw o und ed ,

wh i l e th a t of the F e deral s was repo rted a t k i ll ed

and w o u nd e d a nd cap tu
,
re d besi de s the l oss of ,

ni ne fi e ld p ie ces o f art i ll ery 8 o oo o r stand of , ,

arm s and la rge q u ant i ti e s o f su ppli es Col o ne l Scott .

pursued the retreati ng force s re ach i ng L ex i ngton o n ,

Septembe r 2 d F rankfo rt o n the 3 d andShe l byv i ll e o n

,

the 4th I t was o ne o f the m o st d eci si ve vi ct o ri es o f the

.

war andat o ne stro ke p ract i call y cause d the evacuati on

,

of all K e ntucky e ast of L oui svi ll e and south of Ci nci n

'Se e Sco tt s ’
rep rt R be ll i n R ecords part 2 Vo l XVI pp 93 1
o s. e o , , . . .

3
3 33
-
. Also re po rts o f Ge neral N e lso n p 908 Manso n ando th s . .
, er ,

pp 9 1 0
. e t se q .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

t O n the d Ge neral Smi th occupi ed Le xi ngton

na i . 3 ,

wi th po ti o n o f hi i nf ntry sendi ng
a r s m ll f ce to
a , a s a or

Frank f rt and Ge neral H e th w

o i th hi s di vi i n toward s o

Co vi ngt n Vast q
o u nti ti es o f tore s f all k i nd
. a rms s o s, a ,

ammuni ti n w gons h orses and mul es came i nto his

o ,
a ,

wi th the l e gi slature to Louis i v ll e . The Co n fd

e e ra e t flg a

t bl i h e d in the vi ci ni ty o f Le xi ngto n f r the f r

o nce e s a s o o

m ti n f
a o v l ry r gi m nts by A braham B ufo rd D
o ca a e e , ,
.

H o ward Smi th R S Clu ke D W Ch enau

, . . l t J R usse ll
, . .
, .
 CH A PTE R XI .

B RA GG S CA MPAIGN IN KE N TU C K Y FR O M CH AT TA o
' —
V
N O O GA TO M U N F O R D IL LE H I S AD AN CE F R O M — V
C H A TTAN OOGA B U ELL FLAN KE D B RAGG AT
SPA R TA. TEN N —
N E WS F R O M G EN E RA L SM I TH
—
.

V
AL T ERN ATI E R O UTES AR R I AL A T GLASGO W V
V
B U E LL M O ES TO BO W LIN G G R EE N C HA LM E RS
’
—
V
D E F EAT A T M U N FO R D ILLE B RA GG S A D AN C E TO
’
— V
TH A T PO IN T—ITS SU R RE N D ER WI TH M EN
IN T E RESTIN G CERE M ON Y—PRI SO N ERS PARO LE D
PR O C LAMATI O N O F THAN KSG I I N G V .

non arri va
- l of hi sdthe dimculty o f crossi ng to
t rai ns an

the no r th si de o f the Te nnesse e O n the asthhi s l i ne o f.

march northward was ho we ver tak en up The C um

, , .

see i na uth west d irecti on as an e le vated p l ateautwenty

so

mi l es o r mo re inbre ad th i s b i fu rcate d at Pi k e vi ll e a bo u
, t ,

fifty mi l e s no rth o f Chattanoo ga by the Se q uatch i e ri ve r

, ,

a sma ll stream w i th a narro wb u t fe rti l e vall e y walle d i n

by the two range s thus fo rmed the e aste rn o ne known as ,

Walde n s ri d ge al though i ts pre pe r name i s Wall e n s

’
,
’

ri d e T he p assa ge o ver th e l atte r i nto th e Se q ua t ch i e

g .

vall e y was te di o u s andd i fii cult b u t was saf e l y e ff e c te d

, ,

ando n the rst o f Se ptembe r Ge ne ral B ragg w as w i th hi s

advance at lle the h ead o f the vall e y
Pi k e vi , .

Ge ne ral having b een cont mpl ati ng hi s inv asi on

B ue ll e

o f East T ennesse acro ss th i s v ll y b y w

e ay o f M cM i nn
a e

ville, Ge neral B ragg had con i d e re d as o n o i the l t r

s e a e

nati ve s o f hi s campai gn th feasi bi li ty f advanci ng b y

e o

th e sa me rou te di rectl y upo n N sh vi lle o r the n e si ty

a , ec s
18 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

of e ngagi n g B ue ll i n the e ve nt he sho uld threa te n him

on h i s l e ft fl ank But findi ng tha t he w . as no t i n f orce

nearer th an M cM innvi lle he co vere d hi s flank we ll by ,

cavalry u nd er Wh ee l e r andFo rrest andma ki ng stro ng ,

demo nstrati ons wi th i t t ward McM innvi lle thre w his o ,

army fo rw ard rapi dl y to Sparta at the w es t ern base o f ,

the Cu mb rla nd abo ut thi rty mi les no rthwe st of Pi k e vi lle

e , .

Efl e cti ng th is mo veme nt be fore h i s purpo se was d i scov

e re d h , e th u s flanke d M cM i nnvi lle andw as i n p odti o n to

thre ate n Bue ll s flank at N ash vi lle o r hi s communi ca ti on

’

n th ward A t one h e he co nt emp lat e d the fe asib i li ty

or .

of march i ng di rectl y no rth w ard fo r Le xi ng to n andCi n

ci nnati to e fl ect a j u ncti o n w i th Ge n E Ki rby Smi th . .

,

of w h o e vi cto ry at Richmo nd h had rece i vedinte lli

s e ~

gence on the sth d y o f Se pte mbe r Vario us re aso ns a .

,

h o we ver d e ci ded hi m against thi s ro ute Much o f the

, .

way was rugge d the co untry poo r andscant o f sup pl i es

, ,

ando w i ng to a se ve re d ro uth i ll supp li e d w i th wate r To .

th ese o bj ecti ons was added the urge nt de si re o f the T en

ne ssee ans w hose go ve rno r andl eading men accompanied
,

hi m th at he :
, would secure posse ssi on o f N ash vi lle by a
di rect advance upo n that place or by maneuvering B ue ll
ou t of it Ad ap.ti ng th e la tter p lan h e mo ve d fro m
_

Sp arta on th e 7 th by th e ve ry ro u te indi cated i n hi s le t

,
~

te r to Ge neral B recki nri d ge A u gust a7 th i n the di recti on ,

o f G l asgo w K
y hi s ri ght w
, i ng crossi ng the Tennessee
.
,

a t Gai nesb r ndth l e ft w

o o a i ng at Carth ge ; andmarch e a o

i ng upon co nve rging l i ne s arri vedat Glasgoww i th the ,

former on the 1 thandthe la tter o n the 1 3 th

2 .

Ge ne ral B ragg re mai ne d at G l sgo wu nti l the afternoo n a

o f the 1 sth to res t hi s troo ps and re pl eni sh su bsi ste nce

and fo rage su ppl y as he hadstarte d from Chattanoo ga
,

wi th b ut ten da ys rati o ns whi ch had be e n de ple tedb e

'
,

fore l avi ng S parta H e had o n his arri val at Gl asgo w

e .

o ccu pi e d Cave Ci ty wi th the b ri gades o f Ge ne rals J R . .

C halme rs and J K D u ncan th u s cu

. tt ing the railro ad
.
,

be twee n Bo wl i ng G r e n and Lo ui svi lle G ene ral B ue ll e .

 CON F E D E RA TE AI I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 29

had i n the meanti me d vance d to Bow li ng Green 3 0a ,

mi l es nearl y due west from Gl asgow wi th si x di vi si ons , .

It w as at no ti me the i nte nt i on of Ge ne ral B ragg to at

tack Buell at Bow l i ng Green as he we l l knew the strength ,

of th at po si ti on and the q ue sti ons of suppl y anda base

,

would no t have adm i tte d of a si e ge H i s purpo se was to .

move to a j uncti on w i th K i rby Smi th i n the di recti on of

Lexi ngton vi a Lebanon when he w as di vert e d by an nu
,

foresee n occurre nce .

Gene ral Ch al me rs b ut e l even mi l es from M unford

,

vi ll e of hi s o wn moti on co nce i ve d the i d ea of capturi ng

,

that posi ti on whi ch was repo rte d to h ave o nl y a small

“

g ar r i son B ut. u pon a ttac k i ng i t wi th h i s o wn andD un

can s bri gad es he fou nd i t hadbee n strongl y re i nforced
’
, ,

and the w o rk s be i ng fu ll y m anne d andse rve d wi th ei ght

or ten pi e ces of arti ll e ry he w as rep ul se d wi th heavy l oss
,

o n the 1 4th The reupon Gene ral B ragg i n ord e r to te

.
,

tri e ve the p resti ge l os t by thi s u ntoward event as we ll as ,

to depri ve the enemy of thi s formi dab l e stronghold ,

move d out from G lasgow on the af ternoon of the 1 sth ,

Ge neral H arde e s corps to Cave Ci ty andGe ne ral Polk s

'
,
‘

upon the Be ar Wall ow road wh i ch crosses the Green ,

ri ve r some d i stance above M unford vi ll e and i s the

most di re ct re m to ward Le xington On the morn .

i ng of the 1 6th b e ad vance d H ard ee s corps to th

'
e

vi ci ni ty of M u nford vill e and m ad e d emonstrati ons

I n the afte rnoon Ge ne ral Pol k s co rps ap
'
for a ttack .

peere d on the north si d e of the ri ver andtook such posi

ti on wi th hi s arti ll ery as gave hi m comm and of the
e nemy 8 works from the re ar
‘
Ge ne ral B ragg h avi ng .

bee n apprise d at ni ghtfall of Pol k 8 be ing i n posi ti o n ’

su mmone d the fort by flag to surrender andafte r some ,

parl ey Col J T Wi lder came under flag to hi s he adquar

. . .

ters andbe ing sati sfie d th at resi stance was use l e ss arti cl e s ,

of capi tul ati on were si gne d U nde r the terms hi s com

.

m and was m arched o ut from the works at 8 o cl ock o n the '

rri orni ng of the 1 7 th and wi th d ue fo rm Co lone l Wi ld er

,
lll4
1 30 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

de li vere d hi s swo rd to Ge n S B B uckne r who hadbe e n . . .

,

d ele gated to re ce ive i t as thi s was hi s nati ve co unty

,

andth e troo ps gro u nd e d arms near R o wle tt s S tat i on i n

’
,

pre se nce o f the Co nfede rat e army drawn upi n l i ne al o ng

the road f o r the ce re mo ny Th ey we re th e n march e d to
.

the rear esco rte d i n the di re cti on o f Cave C i ty and

, ,

parol ed The capture d garriso n numbere d abo ut four

.

th o usand wi th te n pi eces o f arti ll e ry anda pro po rt iona te

,

quant i ty o f ammuni t io n h orse s mul es and mi li tary , ,

‘
sto res .

Af e r an i ns e c i o n o f the ca ure d o rks, w i c were

t p t pt w h h
o n th e so u th
si d e o f G ree n ri ve r Ge ne ral B ragg estab ,

li she dhi s ead q h

uarters i n M un ordvi lle , on the no r si de , f th
and i ssu e d the o ll o w f p
i ng roclama i o n (co i e d ro m the t p f
o ri gi nal i n ossessi o n o f th e w
p ri e r) t
H e adq t
uar ers Arm o f the M i ssi ssi pi, y p
Mu nf o rdvi lle . Ky , Se e mber 1 7 , 1 86 3 . pt .

Ge neral O rde rs N o 6 . .

1 . The e ne ral co mmand g i ng co n ra u la e s hi s arm o n g t t y

t11 e crow ni n su g t
ll e i r e x trao rdi nar camp y
'

cce ss 0 f ai gn
w ich h th is d ay h as w i ne sse d t .

H e i s most h ppy a p
and ro u d to ackno wl ed e hi s i a g
g tt th
de b te dne ss to his al lan roops fo r ei r a i en sub mi s pt t ~

si o n u nde r the p t ri v a i o ns o f an ard u ou s marc , andth e h

f tt
or i u de wi whi c he have e nd ure d i ts ards i s
th h t y h hp
T e hav e o v erco me all o bs acl e s w
h y t th i o u a mu rmu r, e v e n t
w e n i n the rosecui o n o f se e mi n l unnecessar l abo r,
h p t gy y
and a v e w
h t
e ll su y th
s aine d b ei r co nd u c th e u nsu lli ed t
p t t
re ua i o n o f th e army o f th e M i ssi ssi i Wi hsuc pp . t h
pp t
co nfi d e nce and su o r has ave bee n so far e x i b i e d, h t
y th g p
ne arl all i n s beco me o ss i bl e
i i o uw
.

pt t
The ca ure o f hi s t th i i ts arri so n o f g
men, wi h all e ir ar i c ry, arms, muni i o ns ands o res,
t th t t t
wi o u the loss o f a man, cro wns andco m le es the se p
th t p t
t p g th
ara e cam ai no f y
i s arm h We ave i nco nj unc i o nwi
. t th
y
the arm o f K en ut y ck re d ee med T e nne ssee andKe n u ck , t y

Dunham and
A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y
E .

ot o er v . po werful fee is asse m

A
nd we mu t p re pare to stri k e hi m a
s
bl o w A sho rt time o nl y can th r
. e e

pose w hen we must resume o ur march

t vi ctori es .

the 8th of Se pte mbe r ba vi n be n

1 , e
by o u r Pre si d nt as day o f t anks
e a
to A lmi ghty Go d f r the mani f ld o o
ou ch saf e dto u s andto o u cau e th r s , e
e arnest l y re co mme nds to th i s army
f rest ttedt th e m to
Al fnowle a
o l s rv
r e pené ence
a e
u ty gi n o u
M erci ful Pro vi d n i i t i s me t th t
.

e c , e a
rend er th ank s f or th e ge neral su cce ss
hi s campai gn b ut sh uld pa ti cul arl y
, o r
bloo dl ess vi cto ry i nst e ad f
a o
d wi th the d estruct i n o f lif and o e

ro wBas so , General Commandi ng .

 CH A PT ER XII .

FRO M MU N FO R D V TO PERR YVIL LE —B RA GG S

ILL E '

SIT U A TI O N AT M UN FO RD V I L LE E M BAR R ASS IN G

CI R C U MSTAN C ES CO N F RO N TIN G H IK— C R ITIC IS MS
—
O N HI S STR AT EG Y A R E I E W O F T H E F ACTS
V
D ISAPPO IN TMEN T O F TH E ARM Y I N TH E C HARAC
TER O F T H E CO U N TR Y AN D STA TE O F F E ELI N G
—
ABS ENCE O F SUPPLIES N EC ESSITY O F PR OC UR I N G
TH E M—H IS M O E ME N T TO B AR D STO WN FO R T H IS
V
PU RPOS E AN D FO R CO O PERA TI O N WI TH G E NE RAL
SM I TH —TH E I R WID E S EPARATION —M ESSAG ES TO
SMI TH — I SIT TO
V D AN VI LL E LE IN GTO N AN D X
—
.

FR AN KF O RT IN A U G U RATI O N OF GO E R NO R V
HA WES — V
B UE LL S AR R I AL IN LO UI S I LLE AN D
‘
V
X
U N E PECTE D V
M O E M E N T SI LL S F E IN T O N
’
-

F R A N KFO R T —B RAGG S SUD D EN E ACU ATION O F V

’

F RAN K FO RT - H IS FATA L M ISIN TE RPRE TATI O N

OF B U E LL S MO E M EN T
’
V CO NCEN TRA TIO N OF
V V
AR MY D E FECT I E - M O EM EN TS PREC E D IN G B A T o

TLE O F PER R Y I LL E V .

gg s e xpe di ti on had b een a

General B ra
’

su ccess H e had o ve rcome o bstacl es o f w

. h i ch
f e wu nacq uai nte d wi th the characte r o f the co un
try andth e i nade quacy f his equi pment i n tranSpo rta
o

tin o d subdste nce can form an accurate conce pti on

an .

Wi thout a base andchi e fly de pende nt upo n the co untry

,

through wh i ch he had passe d fo r hi s suppli es he had ,

march ed 2 0 0 mi l es upon the flank o f a supe rbl y eq ui pped

and ve te ran army o f nearl y d o u bl e his strength andhad
ro w
th n hi mse l f across Ge ne ral B uell s pa th wi th Loui s
'
,

vi lle l e ss than se ve nty fi ve mi l es distant andB uell mo v

-

i ng o n hi m fro m B o wl i ng Gree n .

The si tu a t i o n andGe ne ral B ragg s stra t e gy h ave b ee n

'

the s ubj ec t of much co mme ntary by mi l i tary cri ti cs as

 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y . 1 88

we ll as by those no t expe rt in the art of war ; andthe i r

cri ti ci sm has been unfa vorabl e to hi m But how f ar th is .

is d ue to hi s f ailu re to se cu re su ccess af terw ard o r to th e

m
.

meri ts o f the argume nt canno t be d ec i de d So e argue

. .

that he sho uld h ave turned o n Ge ne ral B uell andfough t

a d e ci si ve ba ttl e f or the State A knowl e dge of the .

topography o f the country andof other condi ti ons would

not sus ta i n thi s sugges ti on H ad he go ne o ut to meet
.

Gene ral B ue ll he would h ave hada ri ve r at hi s back wi th

bank s l ike a ca flo n ando nl y o ne ford I t would h ave bee n .

the battl e of F i shi ng C reek rep roduced To fight i n front .

of a de fil e or wi th such a ri ve r i n the rear is cond emned

, ,

by the firs t pri nci pl es of mi li t ary strate gy andby the com

mon se nse of goo d so ldi e rs whom i t dem o rali zes Th en
, .

agai n if B u e ll had decli ne d b att l e and re ti re d tow ard ,

Bow li ng Gre e n B ragg co uld no t have fo ll owe d for the

,

w ant of subsi stence The re gi on about M unf ordvi ll e i s

.

ro u gh and onl y m o d e rate l y p rod uc ti ve F o r a year pre .

vi o u s it h adbee n forage d andexh au ste d of i ts surpl us, first

by the Confe d e rates o n the so uth si d e andthenby the F ed

e rals o n bo th si d es On the o ther h and i t wo uld no t h ave
.

been wi se to march to Lo ui svi ll e wi thout a j uncti o n wi th

K i rby Smi th whose force was scatte re d w atching Ge n
,
.

Geo W M organ and th reate ni ng C i ncinnati He could

. . .

no t comm u ni ca te i n ti me to e fi ect thi s spee di l y The dis .

tance to Lexi ngton was abo ut o ne h undred andtwenty

fi ve m i l es wi th ne i the r te l egraph i c no r rai lro ad comm un
,

i cati on E ven co u
. ri e r se r vi ce w as do u btful o n account
of b ushwhacki ng home guard s He was confronte d w i th .

a probl em requ i ri ng prompt so l uti on .

A study of the mapwi ll show to the mili tary stud ent ,

j udgi ng by abstract rul e s and not by the l i ght of after

,

occurrences th at hi s moveme nt to B ardstown whe re he

, ,

co u ld ob tain i mme di a te supp li es be i n posi ti on to e ff ect

,

e arl y j uncti on wi th K i rby Smi th fo r ad vance upon Loui s

Vi ll e andto conne ct h im se l f wi th hi s ne wl ine of commu
,

ni ca ti on south vi a C umbe rland Gap was the best al terna

, ,
134 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI T R Y H IS TO R Y A .

ti v e. be e n de layed b y the M unf o rdvi ll e a ff air

H e had
nearl y a we e k in his di rect mo veme nt to ward Le xing to n ,

and h ad to mak e hi s p la ns co nfo rm to his necessi t i es .

Th at the mo ral e o f the army was no tw i thstandi ng the ,

captu re o f Munfo rdvill e a ff e cte d b y thi s mo ve ment , ,

whi ch hadz
so me of the fe atures of re rea t t , canno
be t
do ubted; fo r th e re we re besi d ,
e s. o th er re aso ns o f dis
a ppo i ntment .

Th r p rts whi ch h
e e adre ach ed th
o e So u th re pr se nted e

th at the peop le o f K ntucky we r g to wel come an e e ea er

a rmy o f de li v ance andw ou ld fl ock wi th arms to j oi n i t

er ,
.

Th ere was a b e l i e f tha t i t was a land fl w i ng wi th mi lk o

a ndh o n y Whi l bo th f th se e xp
e . ectati ons h
e adbeen fu lly
o e

rea l i e d by the army o f Ge ne ral Smi th andth i nt lli

z ,
e e

g nc o f i t rece i ve d by B ragg s army j ust be fore crossi ng

e e
'

th Tenn ssee l ine th e i r o w

e e n e xperi e nce had ch i lle d
,

them U nfo rtunatel y the y h dt verse d h al f the bre adth

. a ra

o f th S tat e from n rth to so uth andencounte red n n

e o o e

o f th e typi cal ri ch and ab u ndi ng so i l o r symp a th e ti c o

co o pe r ti on pi ctu
-
a r d i n th e i r i magi n ti o n and x p
e e ri a ,
e

e nce dli tt l e o f th e e nth ui asm w h ich th ey h dexpe cte d s a .

I nd i vi d ual w l me was e xpresse d b ut cauti ul y nd

e co ,
o s a

fre e fro m d e mon tra ti on f r th Southern e l e me nt e ve n

s , o e ,

i n th local i ti es wh e re fou
e nd i n th maj ori ty well kn w e ,
e

th t upo n the coming o f th F e deral troo ps th y w uld

a e e o

b p rse cute d andpu

e e nishe d The symp thy w s d i vi d e d . a a ,

bu t i n H art and se ver l co nti gu ou s co unti es th U ni o n a e

se nti m nt pre domi nated and th ere had bee n many

'

F d ral troo ps rai s d the re

e e The re was no u enf url i ng o f .

the Conf d rate fl ag and ch e eri ng as i n th

e e e Blu e G rass

re gi o n E v n the l adi e s u u
. all y
e fearless o f con e ,
s s

qu n e had l arne d caut i on nd i f th y wave d th ei r

ces, e ,
a e

h ndkerchi e fs i t was ge n rall y i n a h all shut ut fr m

a ,
e o o

th vi wo f th e ir ne i gh bo rs andvi si bl e onl y to the t o o ps

e e r

pa i ng in f ont At B d to wn i t was so m wh t b e tt er
ss r . ar s e a ,

bu t th di vi si n o f se nti m nt w
e as su
o ffi ci nt to p ut a te e e

strai nt u pon th So uth rn e l m nt wh i l those o f U ni on

e e e e , e
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 85

s ympa thi es di d no t di sgui se th ei r senti me nt s nor fai l to

express thei r confi de nce i n speedy ai dfrom the F ed e ral
army .

To the re asons already gi ve n f or the ab sence of pop ul ar

enth usi asm al ong the l i ne of B ragg s m arch may be add e d
’

the f act th at the re were no Ke ntucky troops wi th hi m no r ,

anyof the po li ti ca l l e ad ers whose p re se nce mi ght h ave i n

spi re d a d i fie re nt fee li ng I n fact i n summi ng upthe

.
,

si tu ati o n i t m i ght as we ll be stated that i t w

, as al mo st i m

possi bl e to convi nce the most ard e nt Southe rn sympathiz

ers anywhere i n Ke ntu cky th at the p re sence of the army

meant pe rmanent occupati on i nst ead of me re l y a rai d on

a l arge scal e .The wri te r i s a w are th at i n wri ti ng so
frankl y upo n a phase whi ch none could und erstand who
di dno t wi tness i t andthen onl y one suffi ci entl y we ll se
,

q uai ntedwi th the peop l e to comprehe nd i t he wi ll e xci te ,

su rpri se in some and d i sse nt i n o the rs ; b u t in u ndertak

i ng to tre a t of an h i stori c eve nt of the m agni tud e o f th i s

campai gn i t i s ne cessary to i ts phi l osop
,
hi c compreh e nsi o n
th at such i mportant facto rs should no t be di sre gard ed
even at the expense of a suspe nsi on of the narrati ve .

Gene ral B ragg o n the i 8th of Se ptember se nt the

wri te r one of hi s staff offi cers to Ge neral Sm i th at Le s
, ,
.

i ngto n i nf o rm i ng hi m of hi s pu
, rpo se to move to B ards

town and di re cti ng him to se nd the re a trai n of suppli e s ,

andwh i l e keepi ng an eye o nGe n Geo W M organ to d. . . is ,

pose hi s forces wi th a vi ew to early concentrati o nat B ard s

town for a moveme nt on Louisvi ll e The me ssages we re
.

d eli ve re d withi n forty ei ght hours andi mmedi ate ste p

-
s

we re taken acco rdi ngl y .Gene ral B ragg h avi ng at ,

tempte d b ut fai l ed to draw Gene ra l B ue ll to an attack ,

and k nowi ng th at he cou ld reach the O hi o ri ve r by a

practi ca l route further we st be gan hi s movement to
,

Bardstown on the z o th and reached the re on the 2 3 rd .

A fter a few day s spe nt there l eavi ng Ge neral Po l k i n

,

com mand of the army ,he mad e a tour o f i nspecti on

through D anvi ll e vi a Springfie ld andPerryvi ll e to L ex
tau C ON F ED E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

i ngto n, and e nce to F rankf o r , w e re , o n Oc o be r 4th,

th t h t
H on R i c ard H awes, who hadbeen c ose n b the co u
. h n h y
cil p
ro vi si o nal go v e rno r to su cce ed Go v Ge orge W . .

Jo nso n, k i ll e d at S ilo , was inaugura e d i n orm The

h h h t f .

t p t e neral Smi s arm w e n in th th y th

’

g rea e r ar o f G as e vi

ci ni ty o f th e ca i al pt .

In the mean i me Ge neral B u t e ll, w hose arm hadall ar y

ri ve d at Lo u i svi ll e o n the 2 9tho f Se e mbe r, b ei ng ull pt f y
eq ui pp
e d andrei n o rce d b a l arge bo d f o f roop s e re, y y t th
mo ve d o nthe rst o f Oc obe r i n the dire c i on o f Bardsto wn t t
o n five ro ads, th e S e lb vi ll e, T a l orsvill e , B ard s o w
h y
n, y t
h ph
S e erdsvi ll e, andLe banon u rn i ke s ; M ccoo k s co r s t p ’
p
o n th ft
e l e , Gi lbe r s i n th
'
t
e ce nter andCri e nde n s on tt ’

th e ri g ht Ge neral Si ll s di visi o n o f M cCo ok s co r s

.
’ ’
p
h h
marc e d on the S e lb vi ll e pi k e , advanci ng on the 3 rdas y
y
f ar as C la Vi ll age , 1 6 mi les rom F rank or , as a e i n f f t f t
on th e l a er tt p
l ace .

Ge neral Po lk—w ho hadbe en d i rec e d in case o f an ad t

f f
vance i n orce to all back i n the di rec i on o f D anvi lle , t
wi a vi e wo f co vering Cam D ick R obinson (renamed
th p
b the Co n ed era es Cam B recki nri dge) , w e re hadb e en
y f t p h
ga e re d a large quan i o f s ore s—u on being sa i sfi ed
th t ty t p t
that Ge neral B u ll s armywas ppro chi ng f ll bac k to
e
'
a a ,
e

Perry vi ll e te n mi l e e q ui di tant f o m H arrodsburg and

,
s s r

D nvi ll e Ge ne ral B ragg mi sto o k the mo ve m nt o f Si ll s

'
a . e

di vi i on to mean that Fr nk fo rt was the o bj ecti v po i nt

s a e

of B u ell army nd th i s was the fatal rro r o f the c m

’
s a e a .

pai gn Se veral ci rcum t nces t nded to mi sl ead hi m

. s a e .

In the first pl ace i t was the d i rect rout to the cap i tal e

and to L e xi ng to n andth e most ce ntral po i nt i n th at d

,
i
vi si o n o f Ke ntuck y gai nst whi ch a F ed ral force fr m a e o

Cin innati al so co uld o pe rate

c I n the n x t p l ce wh i l . e a ,
e

h co uld re d il y ge t i nf rmati on o f Sill mo ve me nts the

'
e a o s ,

na ture o f the o th er ro ute s t ken b y Gener l B u ell s ar my

’
a a

forbad the pro mpt recei pt o f i nte ll i gence as to their li ne

e

o f march Th re w s no t l graphi c co mmu

. e ni cati o n by
a e e

wh i ch he could b e dvi se d nd the mo ve ment o f a ch a , a e

 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

p
cor swas co ve re db y th a t upo n the lef t ve ili ng thei r ad ,

muni ca ti on Ge ne ral B ue ll s mo veme nt hadin fact b ee n

.
’

mad e wi th a p rompti tud e wh i ch too k B ragg b y surpri se ,

andw i th a j u dgm e nt wh i ch could not have been e x cell ed ,

for ne i the r o f whi ch he re ce i ve d p ro p e r cre di t at the h ands

of hi s go ve rnme nt A c ti ng under th i s mi sconce pti on of

.

the tru e si tuati o n Gene ral B ragg i nstru

,
cte d Gene ral Po lk

to mo v e all hi s avai l ab l e force vi a B loo mfie ld to Frank

fort, to strike the enemy wh i ch would have be e n b ut o ne ,

di visi o n i n the fl ank I t was an order fro m the nature

, .

of the roads i mpracti ca l to e xe cu te and, co nsi de ri ng the

actu al si tu ati o n, al to ge th e r unw i se Ge ne ral Po lk re .

cei ve d th e ord e r at Bardsto w n on the 3rd ,

b ut co nsul ti ng
hi s co rps and d i vi si o n co mmanders i n vi e wo f hi s be tte r ,

i nformat i o n as to B u e ll s re al mo ve ments, fe ll back u on

’

H ad General B ragg th en treating Si ll s mo ve ment as

,
’

to y
r of mpai gn the nce fo rward mi ght have
this ca
been di fi erent H e had h owever, counte rmande d his
.
,

o rd er be fore h e heard fro m Ge ne ral Po lk , andon th e 4 th ,

uponthe approach o f Sill s ca valry re treate d from Frank ’

fort to V ersai lle s The e ff ect o f the sound o f the F e de ral

.

arti ll e ry w as si mi l ar to tha t o f th e artill ery o f Waterl oo

upo n the gay thro ng at B russe ls The capi tal was full .
,

not o nl y o f so ldi e rs b ut o f ci vi li ans w

, ho hadcome to wi t
ness the gu berna toria l inaugu ra ti on andto atte nd a grand

ball th a t ni ght the be auty o f the B l ue Grass ha vi ng co me

,

to grace the occa si on The mo vement to Ve rsai ll e s b e

.

gan at 4 o clock p m w i th out p re li minary warni ng

'
. . .

And ere we re sudde n arti ngs, su

th c as ress p h p
The l i e ro m o u f f
t ou ng ear s, andc o k i ng si gh ty h hs
W i ch ne e r mi g b e re e a e d ; who co uld guess
h ’
ht p t
If e v e r more s hould m t th ose mutu l e ye s
ee a .
1 38 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

And was mount ing i n ho t h aste ; the ste e d

th e re ,

The mu st e ri ng squadro n andthe clatte ri ng car

Went po uri ng fo rward wi thi mpe t uous spe e d
A ndswi ftl y formi ng i n the rank s o f war
”
.

Ge neral B ra o n th gg
e sth cro sse d the K en uc ky ri ver t
t
i n the di re c i o n o f H arro dsbu r , w ere he made h i s e ad g h h
quarte rs o u the 6 th, anddi s o sedhi s o rces wi a i e w p f th v
to co nce n ra i o n at th et to i n a ai ns w i c
p t g s ould b e di t h h h
recte dth e e ne my s g e ate t f rce U nf rtun te l y he did
’
r s o . o a

n t di sce rn th i s i n ti me The p re se nce o f Si ll s di vi si o n

’
o .
,

wh i ch had tu n d i n th di cti o n o f L awrence b urg and

r e e re

S lvi s
a ledhi m ndso me o th e rs to be li e ve tha t on o f
a, a e

th po i nts probabl y th l tt r was ai m d at Ano th e r

o se , e a e ,
e .

ci cu
r m t n dde d t thi be l i e f Ge neral B ue ll wh
s a ce a o s .
,
o

di d no t th i nk B r gg wo uld make a stand at Perry a

vi ll and w s movi ng to w rd D anvi ll e wi th a vi wt

e, a a e o

fl ank B ragg andg t i n his re ar as h dbee n do ne wi th e , a

hi m by B r gg h dd i t d General Mccoo k to m ve fr m
a ,
a rec e o o

B l oomfie ld b y w y o f Mackvi ll e andH arro dsburg to D an

a

vill e e xpect ing Sill s di visi onto rej oi n the co rps at B ar

,
’

rod sb u g The appearance o f Si ll ne ar L aw

r . re nce bu rg

and o f M ccoo k at M ckvi ll e w h ere he campe d on the a ,

ni ght o f the 7 th see me d to co nfirm B ragg i n hi s be li f

,
e

th t B uell s o bj ecti v po i nt wa L i ngt n andinduced

a
'
e s ex o

hi m to s l ct Salvi sa as the poi nt upo n whi ch to con n

e e ee

tr t hi s troo ps wi th a vi wo f crossi ng the Ke ntucky

a e ,
e

ri ve r near th t po i nt andgi vi ng B u ll b ttl e ne ar V r

a e a e

sai ll es .

A cco rdinglyouthe 7 tho f O c o ber B ra di rec ed Ge n t gg t

e ral Smith to mo v e hi s command ne x d ay to Versai ll e s, t
a nd Ch eath dWi the rs di vi sio ns o f Polk s corp
a ms ’
an s to
’ ’

fo ll ow Later h owe ver he suspende d th ese orders i n

.
, , ,

co nse quence o f no t ifica ti onfrom H ard e e at Pe rryvi lle th at

the e ne my was i n fo rce i n hi s fro nt andse nt Ge ne ral ,

P lk fr m H arro dsburg to Pe rry vi lle w

o o i th Ch eath am s di
'
e

visi on to the suppo rt o f Gene ral H ard ee i nstructi ng hi m ,

 A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

y battl e i mmed i t l y rout hi m and a e ,

su ppo rt at Versai ll e s A s th ord er . e

5u p p m i t was unde rstoo d th at the

. .
,

de t dayl i ght O cto be r 8 th andth t

a , ,
a

to Versai ll es e rl y nd h v e Po lk
a , a a

i ng the F e d eral fo rce at P rryvi ll e e .

sa th t ne i the r Cri tte nd n n M

a e
’
s or c

upporti ng d i stance o f Gi lbert s co rps ’

,

ru h th t fracti on o f B u ll s army b y
’
c s a e

th e n co ncentrate for a general e u

th i s h was mi stak n as th ffi ci al
e e ,
e o

at o n th e ni ght o f th 7 th M cC
'
k e oo s

Gener l B u ll to m
a e h fro m M ack arc

e 8th fo r Perry vi ll e and fo rm o n th e

was i n posi ti o n faci ng east bout thre e a

est o f Pe rryvi lle H adthe attack on

-
.

as conte mpl ate d i t i s n t i mpro b abl e

,
o

be en su cces fu l ; b ut e ven the n Bragg

s

e yo nd th
v e su ppo rt o f Smi th andthe ,

al P lk w
o ou ld h ve bee n li ttle be tt r
a e

d
s pro vedto be .
 CH A PTER X III .

V —
BA TTL E O F PERR Y ILLE D E LA Y IN TH E ATTA C K
—
B RAGG H A STE N S T H ERE S TAT U S AS H E FO U N D
I T—TO POG RAPHY O F TH E SUR R O U N D I N G CO U N T R Y
- ARR AN G E M E N T O F LI N E O F B ATTLE R E LA TI E — V
'
POS I TI O N ;O F O PPO S I N G FO R CE S CO NFED ERAT ES—
ATT A C K A N D SUR PRI SE Mccoo K S CO R PS C H E A T
’
—
—
H AM S A SSA UL T O N R I G H T M CC OO K D R IV EN BA CK
'

— V
WITH H E A Y LOSS SE ER E ENGAG EM EN T O N
V
—
C E N TER AN D LE FT CO N FE D E RATE I CTO R Y B U TV
VI R TU A L D E FEAT—G EN ERA L BU ELL U N AWAR E O F
TH E B A TT LE U N TIL IN PR O G RESS TW O H O U R S
B R A GG F A L LS BA CK TO H AR R O D S B UR G - AR MY
CO N CEN TRA T ED B U T FAI LS TO ATTAC K—B EG IN ~

N I N G O F RETR EA T F R O M KE N TU CKY—B R YA N TS
V —
ILLE G E N E R AL H U MPHR E Y M ARSH ALL .

unnecessary to co nsi de r h ere b ut

reaso ns ,

whi ch cause d a l ong and embi ttere d co ntro ve rsy ,

the a ttack was not mad e as e x pe ct ed andGe ne ral,

g
B ra g, h e ari ng no we nt hi mse lf to Pe rryvi lle
cannon ,

wh e re he arri ve d abo ut 1 0 o cl ock finding Gene ral Po lk

,

i n l i ne o f ba ttl e wi th Ge ne ral H ardee s corps o nthe ri ght

'

o f Pe rryvi lle l e ft re sti ng ne a r th

,
e acad em y a ndGe ne ral
,

C h e atham on the l e ft o f the to w n; C hapl i n s fork o f

’

Sal t ri ve r wh i ch ru ns th ro ugh the v i ll age from the so uth ,

be ing substantiall y the l ine The re hadbe e nsome sk ir

.

mi shi ng on the ri ght b ut no e ngage me nt as i t was ,

Bu e ll s po li cy no t to gi ve ba ttl e unti l co nce nt rat e d

’
.

-
Ge neral B ragg assu me d co mmand and afte r a b ri e f
,

re oo nno issance rearrange d th e li ne b y transfe rri ng G e n

e ral Ch ea th am s di vi si o n to th e e x tre me ri ght and a d

'
,

vanci ng H ard ee s corps to th e w e st si de o f Ch apli n s

' '

fo rk A bo ut two and a h al f mi l e s no rth o f Pe rryvi lle

.
.

D o cto r s cre e k a small stre am from the so uth we st

'
, ,
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

empti es i nto haplin s fo rk andn r thi s j uncti on was

C
’

,
ea

Che ath am s ri g ht on hi ri ght w as Whart on

' '
Up . cav s s

lry wh i l e Wh e le r s c v al ry co vere d th l ft w ing f

’
a ,
e a e e o

the army I n the meant i me Ge ne ral M ccoo k w

. ho di d ,

not march fro m Mackvi ll e u nti l 5 a m had arri ve d _

. .
,

wi th Ro useaus and J ck son s di vi si ons andmad hi s

s
’
a
’
e

di po i ti ns as di recte d o n the w t si d o f D octor s

s s o , es e
’

cree k b u tw,
i th no ex pecta ti on o f an engage me nt .

B ragg s o rd r of battle was that Ch th m sh o u ld ad

’
e ea a

vance b y bri ga d s i n ech el on across the cree k nd mo v

e a

ing unde r co v r o f a wood andn tue ral sw e ll s attack th e a ,

ene my u n h i s l e ft fl nk G e neral Po lk w h g d
p o a
ar e . as c

wi th thi s mov ment wh i ch as e n as fai l y u

, nde r w y soo r a

w s to b e fo ll o we d b y Ge ne ral H ardee wi th n advanc

a a e

of h i li ne to take adv antage o f th co nf u

s , si o n w hi ch i t e

was suppose d Ge neral Po lk s une xpecte d ttack wo uld ’

B e fo re Ch eath am s p re p arati o n were comw

a

cau te d
'
se . s e

the e ne my O pe n d a very li v el y canno nad e i n hi s d

e i re c
ti o n b ut wi th li ttle e fi ect owi ng to th f vorabl e topo g
, , e a

rap hy o f th ground afi rding i mmu

e ni ty fro m the fire
,
o .

I t had be e n e xpe cte d tha t the mo ve me nt wo u ld be gin

at n o cl ock b u t it w as no t u nti l o cl ock wh n Ge n
’ ’
o e ,
2 e

e ra l Ch eath m s di vi si on mo vi ng as n dre ss parad

a
'
, o e,

m v ed fo rward Swee pi ng around t th ri ght b y s me

o . o e o

wh at o f an bli qu mo veme nt i t dash ed acro ssthe cre e k

o e ,

a ndi t was no t l o ng be fore the roar o f mu sk try t o ld th at e

the w ork w as b gu n nd pr gressi ng e Soo n the mu a si c o .

was take n up by Ge neral H ardee s co mmand ; the ai r ’

was fill ed wi th the so und o f b ttl e ndsho t andsh e ll a , a

were scre ami ng ande xplo di ng all along th li ne The e .

west bank o f C haplin s fo rk i s hi gh bluff wi th ce d rs '

a , a .

andcomm nde d a pe rfe ct vi wof th

a e b ttl fi ld The e a e e .

gro und ri si ng by a ge ntl asce nt andconsi sti ng o f cul t i e

v te dfarms wi th l i ttl ti mb e r a p anor m w

a as p
ere se nt d , a a e

su ch as i s rare l y w i tnesse d e xcept o n canvas Ch e t a

ham s m v ement suppl me nted by a ch arg o f Wh r

’
o ,
e e a

ton s ca val ry h ad p ro ve d a p erfect uccess tak ing the

’
.
s ,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ene my by su rpri se ca ptu ri ng one or more batte ri es and

,

do ubl i ng uphis l ine in co nfusio n .

I n the first o nse t Gen J S j ack so n a Kentu ,

ckian . . .
,

co mmandi ng a di vi si o n; Ge ne ral Terri ll a co u si n of ,

G e n J E B St u. art ; and Co l Ge o rge We bste r, co m

. . . .

mandi ng bri gad es we re k i ll ed Ge ne ral J ack son fe ll

, .

among th e gu ns o f s ha tte ry wh i ch he was apparentl y

di recting to che ck the o nslaught It, h o we ve r pro ve d .
,

i rre sisti ble , and the F e d eral l e ft was fo rce d back a full
mi l e wi th the l o ss o f 400 pri soners i ncl udi ng the staff
, ,

o ffi ce rs and Ge ne ral M ccoo k s se rvants ca rri age and

'
,

b aggage B y th i s mo ve o ur ali gnme nt was so me wh at

.

b ro k e n, th ere be i ng qui te an i nte rval be twe e n Ch ea t

h am s l e ft andthe ri ght o f B uckner s di vi si on B ut ad
’ ’
.

v antage was no t tak en o f i t as the co nte st upo n the l e ft ,

andce nte r w as se ve re e nou gh to engage the full atte n

ti o n o f the enemy I t was a square stand up handto .
-
,
. .

h and fight The b atteri e s and l ines o f bo th side s co uld

.

b e see n d i st inctl y e xce pt w hen occasionall y obscure d by

the dense smo k e w h i ch al ternate l y h ung o ve r the sce ne
or was bl o wn O R by the weste rn bree ze .

T he po i nt o f most stubborn r i t nce ws in the en es s a a c

t r wh ere R o u
e , us d i vi i on was assai l d by B uck ner s
sse a
'
s e
'

d i vi si on Th re was h ere a l rge barn whi ch ado rded

. e a

a v ntage gro und t th ne my I n the mi dst f th

a o e e . o e

fi rcest co nt e t i t w
e as fir d b y a Co nf e d erat e sh e ll an
s d e

soo n th fl m s h ot h i gh i nto the i r T h ff ct see m d

e a e s a . e e e e

favorabl for di l od gi ng th o ppo ing force and h rg

e s e s ,
a c a e

wi th sh o ut carri ed the Confed erate l ine se ve ral h und e d

a r

y d farth er In thi s s v re truggl the l oss o n bo th

ar s . e e s e

si d es w as h e avy b u t p rti cu l l y so on th t o f the Fe d er

,
a ar a

als i n the Fi ft nth K ntu cky re gi me nt Co l Cu

ee r ran e ,
.

P pe be i ng wo u
o nde d andL i ut C l Ge o P J o u e tt and
,
e .
- o . . .

M j W P Campbe ll k ill e d
a . . .The e ne my had pe ndi ng , .
,

th i s engagement in the cente r re f rmed i n t ong po si , o a s r

ti on i n Ch th m s front andth b attl e raged l ng th

ea a
'
, e a o e

whol e li n whi ch if no t onti nu us f ce d i n th same

e, c o , a e
 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

di rect i on B ut whe n the cente r gave way the whol e li ne

.
,

reco i l e d andthe Co nfe d e rate s he ld the e nti re ba tt l e fi e ld .

Ye t whi l e the e nemy hadre ti red andno l o nge r rep l i e d

,

wi th hi s m usketry his art i ll e ry acti ve l y p l i e d i nd i ca te d

, , ,

that he had no t retre ate d f ar O n the co nt rary the re .

we re omi no us re ports of dange r o n the Leb ano n road ,

and apprehe nsi o ns aro se of be i ng take n i n l eft andrear

by a re i nfo rce ment fro m C ri tte nd e n s de laye d co rp s as ’

,

r epor ts o f the i r app ro ach came in by cavalry O ur ad .

v ance h avi ng pl ace d Pe rryvi ll e i n o ur re ar w i th co mpar

ati ve l y no p ro tecti o n the appe arance o f an i nfant ry fo rce
,

there would have hada di sastro us e ff e ct ; b ut fo rtunate l y

it d i dno t occ u r The sun we nt do wn i n a cl o udle ss sky
.

as re d i n the au tum nal haze andsmoke of bat tl e as the

bl ood upon wh i ch i t had l ooke d wh i l e alm ost simulta ,

neo u sly the fu ll m o o n i ts co unterpart i n blo o dy mi en

, ,

rose opposi te Sti ll the art i ll e ry o n both si de s kept up

.

the ir fire U po n an el evati on o n o ur left wh i ch had

.
,

been wo n wi th h ard fighti ng were p l ace d two of o ut ,

“

batteri es whi ch se nt forth co nti nuous flame s d eepe ning

, ,

i n the i r l uri d glare as i t beca me d arke r u nt i l onl y the ,

sheet o f fl ame wi thou t the smoke co uld be seen wh i l e ,

the ai r was fill ed wi th bursti ng bombs andthe scream of ,

the she ll wi th l i ghted fuse or i ts unp l e asant th ud as i t

,

stru ck ne ar, was constantl y hea rd Graduall y the fire .

sla ckene d ; the moo n rose h i gher and li t u pthe gh ast l y

faces of the d ead ; and by half past e i ght ove r all was ,

the sti llne ss of de ath .

The b attl e was over and both armi es were l yi ng on

thei r arm s T acti cally i t was a Confed erate vi ctory
.
,

stra te gi call y i t w as a d efe at The l oss o n bo th si d es was

hea vy andi t prove d no t onl y the l argest ba ttl e fo ught
,

during the war on Ke ntucky so i l b ut o ne of the b lood ,

i est of the war Ou t of r

. of all arm s the Confe de r ,

ate l oss w as 3 3 96— 5 1 0 k i ll ed

, wo unde d andz sr m i ss
,

ing . The total F ederal casu alt i e s were —845 ki ll e d ,

wounde d and5 x5 m i ssi ng Gene ral H alle ck states .

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

th at Ge ne ra hadat Lo ui svi lle

l B ue ll me n; b ut
the l atte r i n his re po rt gi v es h i s who l e fo rce wh i ch l e ft
Lo u i svi ll e as i ncl udi ng ca valry andarti ll e ry , hi s
th ree co rps b e ing ab out e qual i n numbe r say e ach , .

The Co nfe d e ra tes l o st no gene ral o ffi ce rs b u t Ge nerals ,

P R Cle b u
. . rne S A M Woo d andJ o hn C B ro w
,
. n, com
. . .

ma nd i ng b ri gad es were wo unde d O ne o f the most re

, .

markabl e fe a tures o f the b attl e is th at Ge ne ral B ue ll i n

hi s re po rt says he di dno t k no wth at a battle was be ing
fo ught unti l cl oc k o ve r two hours afte r i t b e gan
'
o ‘
, .

Abo ut mi dni ght the Co nfed rate army w as w i th draw n e

qui tl y to Pe rry vi ll l eavi ng a th in ski rmi h l ine wh ich

e e, s

re ti r d la te r
e E arl y in the m ni ng th M us w
. e re put or e

i n mo ti o n f or H arrod sb urg andby noo n th e w ho l e force ,

h d r i ve d at tha t pl c
a a r N d m n t ati n w as m de a e . o e o s r o a

by the ene my e xce pt so me arti ll ery firi ng at a m . .

,

o f th e 9th i ndi cati ng tha t h w

, as n th alert e o e .

O n the same d ay Ge neral Smi th s fo rce arri ved i n H ar

‘

Ev e r y i ndi ca ti on poi nte d to deci i ve battle It was ex a s .

pected that Ge ne ral B ue ll w uld dv nc to the attack o a a e ,

a nd o n the th an e li gi bl e l ine o f battl e w s forme d

10 a

aw ai ti ng h i s advance B ragg th n hado f all arms an . e

army o f m n andsh ould have fought At a dis

e , .

tance o f two or three mi les th F ed ral rmy was also in e e a

line to the south o f H arro dsbu

, rg both armi s f ci ng ,
e a

each o th er as i f read y f o r th e co nfli ct ; b ut n i th er ad e

vanwd h vy in supe rv eni ng G n l B u ll had

, a ea ra . e era e

sw ung aro und andoccupi ed D nvi ll e andB ragg fe ari ng a , ,

th at h w uld se i e up nhi s de po t o f suppl i at B ryants

e o z o es

vi ll e twelve o r fou tee n mi les east o f H arrod burg or

'

,
r s ,

cu t 0 6 hi s co mmu ni ca ti ns w i th Cumb erl nd G p i a o a a ,

stead f f ll w
o i ng hi m march d f or B ryantsvi ll e on the
o o e

morni ng o f the n th and b y the ti me he reach e d that ,

p int th ene my occupi edH arro dsburg

o e .

t t m nt i n vi w f th vid n b f

m
'G n
l B ull th
‘
e era e s s a e e re e o e e e ce e ore e
M ili C mmi i n R b lli n R
o ss o d V l XVI P t P 8 5
e e o ecor s , o ar 1 . 0 0 1.
M c k t ti m ny
. .

0 m
,
'
1 c oo pg 9
s es o , a e 0.
 C ON FE D E RA TE M I L] TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

The retrea t fro m Ke nt ucky hadvi rtually be gun A .

co u nci l of w ar was he ld a t B ry an tsvi ll e A dd ed to hi s .

ow n co ndi ti on as the re sul t of Pe rryvi ll e came news o f ,

the defe at of Pri ce andVan D orn by R ose crans at Co r

i nth o n the 3 rd wh i ch sha tte red the o nl y army i n the
,

l o wer South andl eft a vi ctori ous e nemy free to move at

wi ll i n any direc ti on I n vi ew o f th is si tua ti on the
.
,

of a etreat thro ugh C umbe rl and Gap wh i l e the

r

ro u te was o pen and the roads we re yet goo d Ge n . .

H umphrey M arshall who si m ul taneo usl y wi th Ge n

,

e ral B ragg s ad v ance i nt o Ke ntu cky hadcome th ro u

'
gh
Po und Gap from south weste rn Virgi ni a wi th seve ral ,

tho usand ca valry favore d cro ssi ng to the no rth si de of

,

the Kentucky ri ver sustaining the army in the B l ue

,

Grass re gi on as l o ng as possi bl e andthen ret re ati ng i nto

Vi rgi ni a by way of Pound Gap Ge ne ral B ragg so f ar .

ac ce d ed to h i s p roposi t i o n as to pe rm i t hi s return the

same w ay .

Andso i t was reso l ved to ev acu ate Ke ntu cky Cu m .

berland Gap hadbeen abandone d on September rythby

Ge n Geo W M organ who had m ade hi s way th rou
. . .
, gh
the m ountai ns by way o f M anchester Be attyvi ll e and ,

West L i berty to Greenup o n the O hi o whe re he had ,

arri vedon the 3 rdof O ctober H i s p ro gre ss was i mpe d e d

.

some w h at by the caval ry of Ge ne ral M arshall andCol .

Joh n H M organ b ut the nat ure o f the count ry no t b e

.
,

i ng favorab l e f or cavalry O pe rat i o ns the i r resi stance ,

avai l e d b u t li ttl e beyo nd p reve nti ng hi s moveme nt

westw ard had he so de si gne d On Septembe r 2 7 tha
, .

porti on of M organ s ca valry und e r Co l B asi l W D uke

’
. .
,

ai m i ng to cro ss the O h i o at A u u st a f r d emo n tr ti on

g o a s a

agai nst C i nci nnat i h ada seve re e ngageme nt i n the street s

.

o f th at to w n wi th the home gu ards who fire d from the ,

h o use s ca usi ng a loss of t wenty pe r cent o f hi s force wi th

, ,

a mu chhea vi e r l oss to the e nemy A mong hi s k i ll e d we re .

Capt s Sam ue l D M o rgan (a cousin of Co l Jo h n H

. . . .

mm
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

M o rgan) , All en and Ke nne tt , an d Li outa . G ree nb ury

Co u t t
r land Pre n i ce, Ge orge D Pre n i ce , e di o r o f
son o f . t t
th e Lo u ll
i svi e j o urnal Th
. i s was the o nl engage men y t
w i c occurre d on the O i o d uring the cam ai gn,
h h h p
th h p
al ou y
g re vi ousl Col R M Gano , o f Mo rgan s
. . .
‘

ca valry, h adca pu
t re dM a svi l e w
y l
i hou a fig t t t h .
 CH A PTE R XIV .

M O VE ME N T IN RE TR EA T B Y T WO LIN ES—S U CCESSFU L

E VA SIO N O F B U E L L S PU RSU IN G AR M Y—CRITICAL
'

SITU ATION O F G E N E RAL SMI TH S CO LU MN A T B IG

’

H ILL —B U E L L D RA WS O F F F RO M PU R S U IT A N D
PRE PAR ES TO R E T U R N TO N ASH VI LL E—C O N F ED
ERAT E FO R C ES RE U N ITE AT LO N D O N AN D PA SS
SA FE LY T H R O U G H C U M B E R LAN D GAP—BR EC KI N
RI D GE WITH H IS KE N TU C KIA N S TU R N ED BAC K
AN D SEN T TO M U R F R E ESBO R O —G EN E RAL B U ELL
CO N G RA TU LATED BY G EN E RA L HALL ECK. AN D
D IRECTED TO TAKE E AST TE NN ESSEE—IS SU PER
SE B ED B Y GE N E RAL R O SECRAN S—D EATH O F GEN
ERA L WI LLIA M N ELSO N — CO N D ITI O N O F KEN TU CKY
AF TER E VA C U ATI O N O F TH E STATE—IN C REASED
PERSECUTI O N O F SO U TH ERN PE O PLE .

di sposi ti ons the retreat we re soon mad e

f or ,

on the morni ng of O ctobe r 1 3 th the movement

movi ng by way of Lancaste r Crab Orch ard and M ount

,

Vernon andGeneral Sm i th s co l umn by way of Lancas

,
’

ter andB i g H ill to Lo nd on whe re he reu

,
ni te d w i th Ge n
eral B ragg . The pursui t of Gene ral B ragg s co lumn was ’

presse d wi th vi gor by Ge neral Bue ll as f ar as M ount Ve r .

non; b u t the retre at w as so we ll cove red by Whee l e r s

’

cavalry that i t was wi thout resul ts F ortunatel y Ge n

.

eral Smi th was not vi go rousl y presse d or he could ,

scarce l y h ave save d h i s arti ll e ry andtrai ns wh i ch were ,

carri e d over B i g H i ll onl y wi th the gre ate st difi culty ,

requ i ring the assi stance of the i nfantry for seve ral da ys .

Col Joh n H M organ linge re d i n the vi ci ni ty of L exi ng

. .

to n co vering appro aches from th at di re cti on andfinall y

, ,

re ti red w i th a l arge incre ase of hi s force from recru i ts ,

i n the di re cti on of Lebanon andN ashvi ll e .

 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

The re rea t t of gg was co nd ucte d wi th o ut

G ene ral B ra
f urther i nci de nt the roads and weath er fo rtuna tely
,

be i ng favo r bl e and o n the th th advance o f the

a , 20 e

army pas se d th ro u gh Cumbe rland Gap Yet i t was an .

ard u ou s re treat The ch ange fro m a co u

. ntry o f p l e nty ,

wi th h i gh ho pe s o f wint e ri ng in Ke ntucky to hard ,

march e s wi th scant fo o d anddi sappo i nte d e x pe c tat i o ns ,

had a t e lli ng e ff ect upon the tro o ps who l e ft the State ,

foo tso re and po o rl y cl ad andsh od to e nco unter a se ve re

sno w storm u pon e nte ri ng East Tenne sse e Ge n J ohn . .

C B rec kinri d ge h avi ng b ee n turne d b ack on the ryth

.
,

wh en neari ng Cumberland Gap as al re ad y re l ate d had , ,

mo ve d i nto M i ddl e Tenne ssee and o n the a8th o f ,

O ct o be r arri ve d at M u rfree sb oro w i th me n as the

ad vance guard o f the army o f o ccupati on soo n to b e ,

re i nf rce d by the gre ate r part o f Ge ne ral B ragg s ar my

’
o .

Ge neral B u e ll u nabl e to cut o ff B ragg s re treat i ssu ed

’
, ,

o rders l oo ki ng to th e re tu rn o f h i s army to N ash vi ll e

Ge neral H all eck upo n rec e i pt o f the anno unce ment o f
,

the ba ttl e o f Pe rryvi ll e andB ragg s re tre a t o n the 1 8th

’

o f O cto be r re pl i e d : Th e rapi d march o f yo u r army fro m

Loui svi ll e andyo u r vi cto ry at Pe rry vi ll e have gi ve n great

"
sati sf ac ti o n to the go ve rnment th ese be ing the first
,

wo rds o f co mme ndati o n B uell hadre cei ve d si nce he l e ft

Co ri nth . A numb r f o fi ci al co mmuni ca ti o ns hadbee n
e o

addresse d to h i m i n th i s i nte rval warni ng hi m th at he,

wo uld b e re mo ve d if he di dno t sh o wbe tte r re sul ts and ,

on h is arri val at Lo u i svill e he hadb ee n me t w i th ord ers

to t u rn o ver h i s command to Ge ne ral T homas b ut the ,

la tt e r pro te sted that th i s was unj ust andthe ord r was e

re sci nd e d Th o mas accompanyi ng B u

, e ll on the Perry vi ll e

campai gn as seco nd i n co mmand .

I n the s me d i spa t ch o f congratu

a l ati on quo te d abo ve ,

H all ec k i nfo rme d Ge ne ral B u e ll tha t he w as e x pe ct e d to

d ri ve th e ne my from East Te nnessee as we ll s Ke n

e a

tucky To th is B uell re pli ed th at i t was i mpossi bl e to

.

i nv ad e East Te nnesse e at th at ti me on acco u nt o f the

 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

barren co untry the approa ch of winte r andhadroads ;

,

besi des th at a p ro mpt ret urn to N ashvi ll e was ne ce ssary

,

i n ord e r to ho ld any part of Te nnessee O n the roth .

H all eck te l e graphe d : I am di recte d by the Pre si de nt

to say th a t you r army m u st e nte r E ast Te nne ssee th i s

fall andth at i t o ught to move the re wh i l e the roads are

passabl e . Buell howeve r co ntinued the move me nt of
, ,

hi s army toward N ashvi ll e and o n the 3 3d Ge ne ral ,

R osecrans at Cori nth M i ss was di rected to repai r to

, , ,

C inci nnati to rece i ve orde rs U pon hi s arri val the re o n

.

the asth he rece i ve d noti ficati on of hi s appointme nt to

,

the d epartment of the C u mbe rland be ing the State o f Te n

,

ne sse e e ast of the Te nne sse e ri ve r andthe parts of no rth

A l aba m a andGeorgi a in posse ssi on of the U ni te d State s
troops He was di re cte d to exh i bi t th is i nstruct i o n to
.

Ge ne ral B ue ll and assume comm and of his force s On .

the 3o thGene ral R ose crans p re se nted hi s credenti als to

Ge ne ral B ue ll at Loui svi ll e toge the r wi th i nstructi o ns
,

to the latte r from Ge ne ral Halle ckj o repai r to Indi anap

o li s andawai t fu rthe r o rd e rs The se fu rthe r o rd e rs whe n
.

rece i ve d noti fie d Ge ne ral B u e ll that a co mm issi on wo uld

si t o n th e 2 7 th o f N o vembe r to i nve st i gate the ope ra ti o ns

of hi s co mm and And th us upo n the p retext o f hi s no t

.

h avi ng move d to carry o ut an o rde r wh i ch was no t re

p e a te d to hi s succe sso r Ge ne ral B ue ll was reti red as the
,

cu lm i na ti o n of a l o ng antagoni sm on poli ti cal grounds ,

o r jeal o u sy o n the pa rt of h i s subo rd i nat es anddi sf avo r o f

his superi o rs Among other F e d e ral l o sses i n t hi s cam
.

pai gn was the dea th o f Ge ne ral N e l so n who was ki ll e d i n ,

a perso nal e nco u nte r i n the G al t Ho u se L o u i svi ll e Se p , ,

tember 2 9th by Ge n Je ff C D avi s o f the F ede ral army

, . . .
, .

Ke ntucky agai n sec ure i n the occupati on of the F e d

,

eral troops passe d i nto a newandmore compl e te sta te of

,

su bj ugati o n N o t onl y were those who hadsh o wn the i r

.

symp athy f o r th e Co nfed e rate s d uri ng the ir occupa t i o n

mad e to fee l the h and o f powe r b ut soon U ni on me n ,

who ve nt ure d to di sse nt from the extreme po l i cy o f the

 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

a dmi nistrati on were treate d as re be l s and subj e c te d to

eq ual i ndi gni ty The mo st radi cal andre voluti ona ry ele
.

me nt o b tai ned contro l and a re i gn o f te rror was soon

,

i na ugu rate d w h i ch subsequentl y conti nued thro ugh the

,

war unde r B urnsi de Burbri dge, Payne and Palm e r not

, ,

o nly i nt e nsifi e d th e So uthe rn sympathy, b ut final ly ali en

ate d a l arge maj o ri ty o f th ose w ho hadorigi nally b e en the
most pro nounce d U ni oni sts But i t was too late to b e o f
.

p racti cal be ne fit to the cause o f the South andsave wi th

,

a n o ccasi ona l cav alry rai d th

,
e so il o f K e ntucky di dnot
 CHA PTER X V .

RA P ID RECU PERAT I O N O F TH E AR MY AFTER I TS R E

—
T U R N FR O M KEN TU C KY OC CU PA T I O N O F M I D D LE
T EN N ESSE E R E OR GANIZATIO N OF KE N T U C KY
TR O OPS —TH E K EN T U C KY B R IG A D E AGAIN R E
U N I T ED— G EN ERAL HAN SO N IN CO MMAN D CA AL — V
R Y O R GAN I ZATIO N S —BR ILLIAN T MO EM EN T O F V
G EN E RAL MO R GAN CAPTU RE O F HARTS I LLE V
WIT H PRISO N E RS —BATTLE O F MU R FR E ES
B O R O —B RA GG S O RD E R O F BA TTL E—SO ME D ETAILS
’

—
O F T HE B LOO D Y EN GAG E M EN T SE CO N D BATTLE
H EA Y LOSS IN B R EC KI NRID G E S D I IS IO N —D EA TH
V V
'

—
O F G ENE RAL HAN SO N B RE C KIN RID G E S REPO RT
’

— RETR EAT FR O M M UR FR EES BO RO .

andthe cavalry had snfi ere d i n se e i ng the Sta te aban

doue d to the enemy the re was no use l e ss re pi ni ng b ut
, ,

h
c e erf lne ss was
u t
soo n res o red ; andwi th that re mark
abl e spi ri t o f recuperati on whi ch so o f ten mani fe sted
i tse l f i n the Confe d eracy afte r d isaste r i t was not long
,

be fore the army hadresu med a hope ful and aggre ssi ve
tone A l th ough the resul t o f the summer campai gn had
.

not b rought the frui ti on e xpe c te d the pre sent condi ti on

, ,

s ri n
p g and summ e r w as,so much be tte r th a t th ere w
, as

pre v lent more fee li ng of congratulati o n at the vanta ge

a

gai ne d than of repi ning ove r th at wh i ch hadnot bee n

T he K e n u t
ckyca valry hadbeen i ncre ase d ,
don the
an
 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

firs t o f N o ve mbe r 1 86 Mo rg n cav l y b ri gade th e n ,

z, a
'
s a r ,

i n east Te nnesse e sho we d the fo llowi ng o rg ani za ti o n ,

S co nd K nt u
e cky Co l B W D uk e ; S v nth K n
e , . . . e e e

t ucky Co l R M G ano ; E ighth K e ntuck y Co l R S

, . . .
,
. . .

Ol u k ; El ve nth Ke ntucky Co l D W Ch n ul t ; N inth

e e , . . . e a

K e ntu ck y battali o n M aj W C P B re ckinri dge ; H o w , . . . .

i tze r b tte y C ptai n A ne tt

a r T h N i nth ba tt ali n
,
a r . e o ,

uni ted wi th Sto ne r s battali o n was later raise d to a re gi ’

me nt ndi ts co mm nd er b c me
,
a l nl a e a a co o e .

The Se ve nth E i ghth and N i nth re gi me nts hadbe e n,

recru i t d du ri ng th l te camp i gn i n K ntu

e cky andan e a a e ,

o th r the Fi rst Ke ntu

e , ck y re gi me nt re cru i ted ndre o g n ,
a r a

i e db y Co l J R u ell B utl e was t e mpo ra i l y assi gn d

z . . ss r, r e

to Co l o nel Sco tt s bri gade A nu mb er o f o th i nch oat

'
. er e

re gi me nts came o u t w hi ch if th occupati on o f Ke ntucky , ,

e

h dl te d wh i le l nge r w
a as ou ld h ve all be n fill e d ; b ut
a o , a e

as i t w as th ose u nd er 001 D H ward Smi th the F i fth ;

, . . o ,

001 J Warre n G ri gsby Si x th andCo l A dam R J h n

. .
, ,
. . o

so n T nth
, were s o n avai labl e and made v alu bl
e , o a e

s i ns to th
acce s o mmand a l i ttl e l ter i n mi ddl e T n
e co a e »

nessee Wi th Ge ne ral M arsh ll al so w

. e nt o ut o f K nt ucky a e

i nto Vi rgi ni a numb er o f o rgani zati ns so me o f th e m

a o ,

re gi m nts and o th ers ba ttali o ns

e whi ch di d val u ble ,
a

se rvi ce d u ri ng the re maind er o f the w ar Among th e . es

were the Fi fth i nfantry Ge n J ohn S Will i ams ori gi nal , . .

’

r gi me nt
e whose ti me h d expi r d b ut whi ch was
,
a e ,

re cr ui te d andreorgani ze d b y Co l H i ram H aw ki ns : the .

Fo u rth K e ntuck y ca valry Co l H e nry L Gi lt ne r; , . .

E l e venth Ke ntu ck y mou nte d i nfantry k no wn also as the ,

T hi rtee nth re gi me nt K e ntucky caval ry Co l Be nj ami n ,

.

E Caudi ll ; Se co nd battal ion Ke ntucky ca valry M aj

.
, .

Clarence J Pre nti ce ; Second Kentu . ck y mo unte d ri fl e s ,

L i eut Co l T ho mas J o h nso n ; and the Th ird b attal i on

.
- .

Kentu ck y mo u nte d ri fl es Li eut Co l Eze ki e l F Cl ay ; , .

-
. .

to ge th er wi th seve ral i ndependent co mpani es of scouts

Wh i l e th ere was recrui te d no infantry , the vario us o ld
 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

who me o ut o f K e ntucky wi th the army i n i ts re treat

ca ,

or f ro m prop ose d ca va lry or gani za ti o ns w hi ch were di s

banded The Fort D o ne lso n pri so ners o f the Se co nd and
.

Ei ghth re gi me nts hadbee ne xchangedd u ri ng the su mmer ,

the si ck anda bse nte es hadre j oi ne d th e i r co mmands, and

the re giment s sh o w ed w e ll fille dranks w i th a cle an b i ll -
,

of h e al th and fine moral e The Se ve nth Co l Ed ward .

, .

Crossland ; the Thi rd Co l A P Tho mpson; and the , . . .

gh th Col H B L on, we re i n Ge ne ral Van D orn s y '

Ei , . . .

arm , andhy ad rece i ve d s eci al me n i o n fo r g all an r i n p t ty

th t
e la e cam ai gn i n M i ssi ssi p i p
The Se co nd , F o ur , p . th
Si x h andN i n , cons i ui ng the O r an bri gade , were
t th tt t ph
nowwi th
Ge ne ral B re cki nri dge at M ur reesbo ro f .

Ge neral B ragg, a e r a bri e vi si to R i c mo nd, p ro ft f t h .

re co ns r c t uti on o f
d bri dge s and the transf e r o f hisrai roa l
army to Mi ddl e Te nnesse e andb y th e mi ddl e o f N o v em ,

ber i t w as o rganize d as fo ll ow s : F i rst co rps co mmand ed ,

by L i e u tenant Ge neral Po lk consi sti ng o f Che ath am s

-
,
'
,

Wi th ers and Breck inri d ge s di vi si o ns ; Se co nd co rp s

’ ’
,

comm anded b y L i e u t Ge n W J H arde e consi sti ng o f .

-
. . .
,

Bu c k ne r s and Patton Ande rso n s di vi si o ns

' ’
.

Ge neral B recki nri dge s d i vi si o n was co mposed o f five

'

bri ga d es : H anson s Pre ston s Adams Pal me r s and '

,
’

,
'
,
'

J ack so n s the first th ree co mmande rs be i ng nati ves o f

’

Kentucky H anso n s bri gade was as fo ll o w F i rst

'
. s:
bri gade Co l Ro ger W H anso n —F o rty first A labama
, . .
-
,

Co l M L Stansil ; Seco nd K e ntu

. . . cky M aj J W , . . .

Hewi tt ; F ou rth Ke ntu cky Co l R P Trabu e ; Si x th , . . .

Kentuck y Col J H Le w i s ; N i nth Kentu

, . cky Col T H
. .
, . . .

Hu nt ; Co bb s Kentucky batter y Capt R o b e rt Co bb

’
, .
,

Grave 8 Kentuck y batte ry Capt J J I ngram ; K entuck y

’
, . . .

Ge neral B uckner s di visi on consi ste d o f our b ri ades ,

’
f g
comm ande d b y
Ge nerals Li dde ll, Cle b urne , B us ro d R h .

o nso n and Wood

J h O f the ca val r i s i ven as amo n . y g g

D qm
zed
 M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y
“

C ON F E D E R A 7 1 .

in de pende nt g
bri gade o f
o r ani za ti
me n o ns, O ne ,

Col J ohn H Morgan commandi ng to act as parti sans

"
. .
, .

O ne o f Gene ral B ragg s first acts after re achi ng T e nnes

'
.

see w as to re co mme nd th e pro mo ti o n o f Co l o ne ls H anso n ,

H unt andM organ to the rank o f bri gadi er Inhi s le tter .

o f N o ve mbe r and to A dj u tant Ge ne ral Coo per he sa ys : ,

Col J o h n H Morgan i s pe cul i arlysu

. . i te d f or the spe ci al
se rvi ce i n wh i ch I pro pose to e mplo y him—partisan war
on th e ene my 3 l i nes in Kentu ck y H e has rai se d hi s
’
.

co mmand and ne arl y arme d and e q

, ui ppe d i t fro m the
"
ene my s sto res La te r a b ri gad e of cav alry w as o rgan
’
.

G e nera B uo r l f d was tr ans e rre f d to the Missi ssi ppi de part

me nt Ge ne ral B uck ne r di d no t co n i nue l ong i n T en
. t
nes see , b ut was assi gne d to the co mmand o f M o bi l e,
w e re he re maine d un i l the o llo wi ng s ri ng, w en b e
h t f p h
re li e ve d Ge n K i rb Smi as command er o f th
. y
e de ar th p t .

t t
men o f Eas Tenne ssee , the l a er bei ng rans erre d to tt t f
the Trans M i ssi ssi i
-
pp .

y p t
The arm s e n the mou o f D ece mbe r, 1 86 3 , be f ore th
Mu f l
r ree sbo ro , dri li ng and e r e cti ng i se l i n o rganiza p f t f
t t p t
i o n i n co n em la i on o f an earl a tack b Rose crans, y t y
who was co lle c i ng a ormi dable arm at N as vi lle
t f y h .

Ge ne ral W ee l er s cavalr was i n ron , w i l e F orres

h y f t h t
'

co vere d th e le fl ank i n ron o f Columbi a, w ere Van

ft f t h
D o rn w as i n commr mdo f a o rce c i e fl o f cav alr f h y y .

In the earl a r o f th e mo n yp t
o ne o f the mos bri l th t
t t
l i an e ve n s o f the e ar oo k lace i n the ca ure o f y t p pt
H ar svi ll e , Te nn The ex e di i on w
t as lanne d andled
. p t p
b Ge neral Mo rgan andwas co m ose d e n i re l of K en
y p t y .

t uck y t
ro op s: ca val r under Co l B asil W D uk e y . .

the Se co nd andN i n Ke n u ck th
i n an r , co mmand e d b t y f ty y
Co l Thomas H H u n ; Ca ai n Co bb s b a e r , andtwt pt tt y
’
. . o

e ra l M organ had le arne d th at F e deral d e tach ments we re

 C O N F ED E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

hi s o ldstam i ng grou p
n , andhe ro -
d p posed to repeat so me
o f hi s ex po i s o f thl t
e pas su mmer Le aving M u t
rf re e s .

bo ro on the sth, the co mmand mo ve d to Baird s Mi ll s, ‘

h f
al way to H ar svi lle, w i c was fi tymi le s di s an ro m
t h h f t tf
Mu r ree sbo ro It w
f as b i e r co ld andth
. e gro u tt
nd co v ere d
wi snow H ere e remai ne d un i l 6 m on the 6 th,
th . th y t p . .

w e n, by a ni g marc , ey cro sse d the Cumbe rland

h ht h th
ri ver five mi l es be lo wH ar sv t
i lle b da li g , ands or l y y ht h ty
ft
a er su nrise were i n o si i o n be o re p t
a lace I t had f th t p .

been ex e c e d to sur ri se the garriso n, b ut thi s was

p t p
fru t t y
s ra e d b the di fi cu lty o f cro ssi ng the ri ve r, andGe n
eral M organ o u nd the e ne m f ull re are d to mee y f y p p t
hi m A bri sk fig
. ht ensu e d, i n w i c the i n antr and h h f y
caval r yt p t h y
oo k ar c i e fl di smo un e d , w i le a ar o f the t h p t
caval r y mo un ed was em l oye d in guard i ng against sur
t p
p ri se , as the re w as ano th f
e r F e d eral o rce o f e i g ht th
ou

sand w th f h p
i i n five mi l e s A te r a s ar engageme n o f an . t
hour o r m r i n wh ich the F ede r l troops be haved much
o e, a

be tte r than i n th e ir pre vi ous afiai rs andi n whi ch the ,

Seco nd K ntucky snfi red a loss o f si x ty tw i n ki ll ed

e e -
o

an dwo unde d the F ed eral force numbe ring ab out

, ,

su rrend ere d at d iscre ti on Th ere were thre e re gi m nts . e

o f i nfantr nd n f val ry all o f w h i ch wi th th i r

y a o e o ca , , e

arms w ago ns and sto res and tw

, o pi eces o f arti ll e ry
, ,

were carri e d 03 to Murfr esboro i n saf ty The t tal e e . o

i nfantry loss w as e i ghtee n k i ll e d and se ve nty o ne -

wo unde d The casualt i i n the caval ry w re l i mi te d to

. es e

a feww ou nd ed Th e eve nt adde d to th

. e presti ge o f th e

Ke ntu ck y troo ps w h i ch was alre ad y h i gh i n di sci pli ne

, ,

dri ll andso ldi erl y b earing .

The battle o f Mu rfre e sbo ro occu rre d o n We dnesd ay ,

D e ce mb er 3 86 The army cheere d by the H arts

1 , 1 3. ,

ville vi cto ry the goodrati on afi ordedb y the rich co untry

, s

aro u nd Mu rfre e bo ro and th e enth u

s si asti c de vo ti n f o o

th e ci ti ze ns w as i n fine sp
, i ri ts P si de nt D avis had . re

pai d th e m a vi si t b ut a sho rt ti me be fore andi n re vi e w , a

the i r splendi d appearance hade xci te d hi s admi r ti on and a

 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

e li ci te d hi s warme st p rai se Rose crans gave e vi de nce o f .

hi s purpo se to mo ve ne arl y a wee k be fo re the battl e f ull ,

re po rts o f h is force andthe l oca ti o n o f hi s se veral co rps

be i ng recei ve d daily On the a7 th General B ragg hav
.
, ,

ing se l ec te d hi s li ne o f d e fe nse andpl an o f b attl e i ssued ,

a p ri va te circu l ar f o r ge ne ral and staff o fficers an o ri g ,

i nal co py o f wh ich i s i n posse ssi o n o f the w ri te r and ,

wh i ch i s he re gi ve n as i t has no t been found among the

,

p ubl i she d reco rd s:

ME M O R AN D A ro a Gunman . AND Sr u r O n i o n s

1 The i ne lbattl e wil l b e i n front o f Murfre e sbo ro

of
hal f the army—l e ft wi ng i n fro nt o f Sto ne s ri ve r ri ght
.
,
'
,

wi ng i n res t o f ri ve r
i ll fo rm l ef t wi ng—H ardee s co rps
.

Po lk s co rp s w
’ ’
3 .
,

ri ght w i ng .

3 Wi th e rs d i vi si o n w i ll form first line in Po lk s corp

’ '
s

Chea th a m s the se co nd li ne ; B recki nri d ge s d i vi si on w

.

i ll
' '

fo rm first li ne H erdes s corps Cleburne s di vi sio n seco nd’

,
’

li ne H ard
’
e e s co

M cCo wn s vi si on to o rm re s'e rve o osi e ce n e r f pp t t

'
’
4 .

on i h gh g
ro u nd i n re ar o f C e a am s rese n q uar e rs h th p t t .

s . J
ackso n s b ri ga d e , reserve to th
'
e ri ank , to re ght fl
t t
por to Li e uena n Ge neral H ardee t -

The tw
.

6 . o li nes to b e ro m 800 to f
ards a ar , y p t
accord i n to the ro u nd g .

7 Che f s o f ar i ll e r to p
. t y
ay s e ci al a e n i o n to os p tt t p t .

tt
i ng o f b a e ri es andto supe rvi se eir w o rk, andsee a th th t
th ye do not ca use l essl was e
y t e i r ammu ni i o n th t .

8 y f g
Cavalr to all back radu
. all be o re e ne m , re o rt y f y p
i n b yco u yh
ri ers e ve r ou W e nnear o ur li ne , W ee l e r h h
g
r .

wi l mo ve to right h andW ar o n to the le to co ve r and t ft

t t fl
ro se o u p t
r ank s and re o r mo ve me n s o f th e e ne m t y .

egram tof all to th e rea r and re or to the e ne ral p t g

co mmand g i n as rese rve .

9 ght
T o ni
.
-
y
i f the e ne m has ai ne d hi s osi i on i no u r g p t
f t y
ro n re ad f o r ac i o n, Whee le r andW ar o n wi
t eir h t th th
w o l e co mmand s will mak e a ni
h marc to the ri ght h ght
f t
andl e t, u rn th y fl g
e ene m s anks,
'
ai n hi s re ar andvi o r g .

ou sl
y t
assai l h i g
s ra i ns andrea r u ards, bl ock i n th e ro a d s g
p g
andi m e di n h i s mo ve men s in e ve r way, o ld i n
t y em h g th
y
se lves re ad to assai l ht t gf is re re a i n o rces .
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

10 . All q u arte rm aste rs, com mi ssari e s and o rdnance

ofl i ce rs wi ll remai n at the i r prope r posts di sch argi ng the i r
ap p prO ri ate d u ti e s S upp li e s.an db agg ge should be re ady
a

packe d f o r a move fo rw ard o r backward as the re sul t of

the day may requi re , andthe trai ns sho uld be i n posi t i o n
ou t o f d ange r te am ste rs all p rese nt andq u
, arte rm aste rs
i n ch arge .

Sh o uld we b e compe ll e d to re ti re , Po lk s co rp s
'
1 1 .

wi ll move on the She l byvi lle , andH ardee s on M anche ster

'

p i ke , trains in fro nt, caval ry i n rear .

( Si g ne d ) B u r ro wB a a o o , Ge ne ra l Co mm a n di ng .

Su nd ay m orni ng, O ffi ci al ,
G eo G G am m
. . a, A A G . . .

General R osecrans hadmove d out fro m N ashvi ll e on

the 3 6th b ut i t was no t unt i l the a fte rnoon of the 2 9th
,

th at Whee l er wi th d rew from his front andhe arri ved o p

po si te o ur left wi ng I t was hoped andexpecte d th at he
.

wo uld attac k but b e merel y showed a disposi ti onto exte nd

,

hi s ri ght beyond o u r l eft cau si ng M cCo wn s di visi on to

'
,

be moved to Po lk s l eft The 3 o th was a cl oud y forbi d

’
.
,

di ng day wi thrai nat i nte rval s anda ge ne ral e ngagement

, ,

was expecte d b ut the e nemy refrai ned from attack and

,

conti nue d to extend hi s ri ght threate ni ng to cut us 0 3 ,

from the Sh el byvi lle pi ke As the tro ops hadbee n i n .

li ne th ree da ys andni ghts General B ragg d ete rmi ned to ,

a t t ac k o n the m o rni ng o f the 3 rst Wi th th at vi ew C l e .

burne s (la te B uckner s) di visi on was mo ved on the ni ght

’ '

o f the 3 o th to the ex treme l eft Ge ne ral H ard ee aecom ,

panyi ng wi th i nstructi ons to O pen the fight at d ayl i ght ,

the act i on to be take n up by the troops o n the ri ght .

I t was a cl e ar fro sty morni ng the l ast d

, ay of the ye ar ,
.

H ard ee move d i nto acti on as di re cte d andwi th the fi rst ,

l i ght of the sun the he avy fire of musketry told that he

was at work wh i l e i ts de creasing sound i ndi cated th at he
,

was dri vi ng the e ne my The moveme nt was a counte r .

part o f Cheatham s attack at Pe rryvi ll e o n the l eft i nstead

’
,

of the ri ght Polk s corps hadi ts ri ght re sting o n Sto ne s

.
’ ’
 C ON FE D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y I I IS TOR Y .

ri ve r wi th i ts l e ft swung o ut i n al te rnate fields andce d a r

‘

brak es upon gro und ne arly le ve l Cl e b urne hadstruck .

G e n A D M cCo o k s co rps the same wh i ch suff e re d so

’
. . .
,

fro m Ch e a th am s assaul t at Pe rry vi ll e whi l e the me n

’

we re at break fast anddri ve n the m in co nfusi o n ca ptur

, ,

i ng a numb e r o f pri so ners i ncl udi ng B rigad i e r Gencral ,

o

Wi lli ch k i ll i ng Ge ne ral Si ll andagai n ca pturi ng Ge neral

, ,

McCoo k s h eadq uarters wi th hi s o fl

’
i ci al and pri v a te
e ff ec ts The b attle tak en upb y the co mmands on the
.
,

ri ght mo ve don a ri ght w

,
h e e l as the enemy fell b ack wi th ,

Po lk sri ght as a pi vo t unti l the line l i ke the minut e hand

’

, ,

o f a cl ock h add escri be d a fo u, rth o f a circle h alti ng w hen ,

i t was at so mewhat more th an ri ght angl e s to i ts first p o

si ti o n Thi s h al t w as cau sedby Ro se crans rou te d l ine ’

.

maki ng s stand i n a rai lroad cut whi ch happe ne d co nve n ,

i ently in th ei r l ine o f re treat su stai ne d b y reserves and ,

he avy batt e ri e s i n th ei r rear By noon the battl e .

fie ld was comparati ve l y si le nt J ackson s andA dams and

’ ’
.
,

brought over from B re ck inri dge s li ne andan atte mpt '

made to carry the cut b ut the posi ti on was too stro ng , ,

andth e y w ere co mpe ll e d to d esist aft er seri ous l oss G e n , .

D W Adams be ing se verel y w

. . ou nde d Ge neral B re ck .
~

i nri dge was i ncommand o f th is attack the l osses i nwh i ch .

we re h eavi e r than at Perryvi lle Thi s in b ri e f was the .

G eneral R osecrans ali nmen was nowso me w a the g t ht

'

tw o si de s o f an i sosce l es ri an l e, w i t the rai lro ad cut f or t g h

o ne si d e , and Stone s ri ver, w i ts rock banks u nford th y
'
i
abl e e x ce pt
at o o d i n erval s, f or th e o t er, andw
g i i tst h th
t
acue angl e o i n i n to ou r ce nte r p He w
t g as us un . th .

assailab l e on e i e r ank, andth e tw th fl

o armi es lay i n is th
’
T hi s ri ver, whlch is erroneously calledb y the Fe derals Stone
ri ver, was nam0d from U riah Stone who i n compan wi th , .

Smi th, J oshu a H orton and Willi am B aker, that

i n nob “
A n accou
. nt o f the re markab e occu rrences l
li f e and trave ls of Co l J ames Smi th, etc , w ri tten b y h. i mself ,
Lex i ngto n K y , p ri ntedb
y J ohnB radf ord Mai nstre e t,
. .
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

posi ti on the re mai nder ht Wh e el e

of the day . A t ni g r

mad e a ci rcui t to the rear o f R ose cr ns army d e tro yi ng a

'
, s

many w gons ndh arassi ng hi m i n ve ry po ssi b l m n

a a e e a

ner . H e was kno w n to h ave be e n cri p ple d and n th , o e

morni ng of th st of J nu ry was re po t d t b e r t t
e r a a r e o e re a

ing A reconno issance in f rce w

. i th i nf nt y nd till ry o a r a ar e

pro ve d to the co nt r y ho we ver andth d y wo re w y ar , ,

e a a a

wi th o ut o th er mo v eme nt .

On Fri day the 3 d i t was e vi d e nt th t R o e crans was

, ,
a s

holdi ng o nwi th d ggedpersi stence andth t ensi o n upo n

o , e

th Co nfed rate tro o ps w

e e ho h dto k e e p nstant vi gi l i n a co

adv anced lines w h e e th ey could have l i tt l if ny fire

r e a .

and remo te from th i r su ppli w s te lling vi i bly U p

e e s, a s .

to thi s ti me the e ne my hadm d e b u t li ttle d m n t ti n a e o s ra o

upon our ri ght h ld b y B ck in i dg wh e r th g und e re r e, e e ro

was more undulato ry th n n the l e ft b ut th m rni ng a o , e o

de ve l o p d th fact th at th ey hadcrosse d m t p s t
e e so e roo o

the e as t bank w i th e vi d ence o f ane fio rt t

,
t nd th i o ex e e r

li ne be y nd ur ri ght as h dbe en tri d n th l ft Thi

o o a e o e e . s

bro ug ht o n the disastro u b ttl so fatal to th K ntu k s a e e e c .

i nns a ndth ri ght wi ng A t two o cl ock af ter nfe

'
e .
, a co r

ence o f c rps nd me di vi i n command rs t th fo rd

o a so s o e a e

whi ch mark ed our ce nte r Ge neral B ragg di recte d G n ral ,

e e

B re ck i nri dge i n perso n to di l d ge the ene my f m the s o ro

posi ti o nhe hadtak non n e mi ne nce in hi s f nt M uch

e a ro .

contro ve rsy andf e ling e n u e d o v e r th i s

e d r f te rward s or e a s,

Ge n ra l B ragg co nte ndi ng th t hi s di recti ons we to di

e a re s.

l odg the e ne my b ut n t to pursue hi m r b ri ng n n

e o , o o a

engage ment It w s . f i r mi ld afterno n b ut 4

a a a ,
o , a o

o cl o k w h e n the m vem nt w mad e A thi w th

'
c ,
o e as . s s as e

first grea t b ttl i n wh i ch the K entuck y b ri g d e h db e n

a e a a e

engage d si nce Shi lo h i t i s d ee med best to gi ve G neral , e

Breck i nri d g s re po rt o f i t be i ng p art o f hi s ge n ral re

‘
e , e

port o f th o pe rati n of his command co v ring th se v

e o s e e

O u F ri day , the J anuary be i ng de si rous to as

an dof ,
.

t
cer ai n i f the e ne my was e sta bli sh i ng h ims l f o n the e s t e a
 CONF E D E RA TE A
M ILI T R Y H IS T R Y O .

b ank of the Li e ut Co l
ri ver, .
-
o hn A
. J B uck ne r and
.

Maj Ri ce E G rave s, wi th Captai n B yrne s b atte ry anda

'
. .

p o rti o n o f th e W a sh i n g to n arti lle ry, u n d e r Li e u t e nant

Vaught. we nt fo rward to o ur li ne o f ski rmi she rs, to the

ri ght, ande ngage dth o se o f th e e ne my, w ho hadad vance d
p e r ha p s a th o u s and a rd
y s f ro m t h e e ast b a n k o f the ri ve r .

The y soo n re ve ale d a stro ng li ne o f ski rmishe rs, whi ch

was dri ve n b ack a co nsi de rab le di stance by o ur sharp
sh oo te rs andarti lle ry, the la tte r firi ng se ve ral hou se s i n

the fie ld s in w hichthe e ne my had take n shelter A t the .

same ti me , acco m ani e d b y M aj

p W m D
. . Pi. ck e tt o f

Li e utenant Ge ne ral H ard

-
ee s stat f andb y M aj
’
ames . J
Wi lso n, CC ] Theo do re O H ara and Lie ut
.
'
.
J
Cab e ll .

B re cki nri d g e , o f m y o w n , I p r o ce e de d to wardthe le f t of

ou r li ne o f ski rmi sh e rs, w hi chpassedthro ugha thick woo d
ab o u t five hu nd re dyard o si ti on and
'
s i n fro nt o f H anso n s p

e x te nd e d to th e ri ve r D i re cti ng Cap
. tai n Bosche o f the
N inthandCa ptai nStee le o f the FourthKe ntucky to d ri ve

b ack the e ne my s ski rmi shers, w e w ere enab le d to see

'

tha t he w as o ccu pyi ng wi thinf antry and arti lle ry the

crest o f a ge ntle slo p e o n th e east b ank of th e ri ve r Th e .

co u rse o f th e crest f o rme da li ttle le ss th an a ri gh t angle

wi thH anso n s li ne, from whi chthe ce nte r o f the posi ti on
'

I was af te rward o rderedto attack was di stant ab o ut six

tee nhu nd re dyard s I t e xte nd
. e dalo n g gro u ndp art Op en

andp a rt w oo d land s .

“
Whi le we were endea vori ng to asce rtai nthe fo rce o f the
e nemy andth e re la ti o n o f gro u ndo nthe east b ank to that
o n th e w e st o f th e ri ve r, I rece i ve dan o rd er from th e co m

mandi ng gene ral to re po rt to hi m i n perso n I fo und .

hi m o n the west b ank near the fordb e lo wthe b ri d ge , and

re ce i ve d fro m h i m an o rd e r to f orm my d i vi si o n i n two
li nes and take the crest I have j ust d e scri b e dw i ththe
i nf antry A f te r d
. o i ng thi s I was to b ri ng u pthe arti llery
and estab li sh i t o n th e cre st, so as to at o nce h o ldi t and

e nfilad e the ene my s li nes o n th er si d

'
e o th e o f th e ri ver .

Pe gram andWharto n, who , w i thso me cavalry anda b a t .

 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

tery were b e yond the p o i nt where my ri ght wo uldrest ,

whe n the newli ne of b attle shouldb e f o rmed w e re di ,

roo te d as the ge ne ral inf ormed me to pro tect my ri ght

, ,

andcc op erate i n the attack

- Capt F elix H R o b e rtso n
. . .

was ordere dto re port to me wi th hi s own andCapt H . .

C Se mp
. le s b atte ri e s o f N ap
’
o leo ngu ns Ca pta inWri ght .
,

who wi thhi s b atteryhadb e ende tachedsome days b e f ore ,

was o rde redto j oi n hi s b ri gade The b ri gad es

of A d ams andPre sto n w hi ch were le f t on the west si de

,

o f th e ri ve r Wed nesd ayni gh t hadb e e n o rd e re dto re jo i n

,

me A t the mo ment o f my advance o ur arti llery i n the

.

ce nter andon th e le ft w as to Op en on th e e nemy O ne .

g un f ro m o u r ce nte r was th e si gnal f or th e attack T he .

co mmand i ng ge ne ral d e si red that th e attack sh ou ldb e

’

made wi ththe least po ssi b le delay .

“
I t was now p m . T w o o f th
. e b r i ga des h adto

marchtwo miles andthe other one mile B rigadi er Ge n .

-

eral Pi llo w ,
h a v i ng re port e d f or d uty w as as si gne db y th e ,

command ing general to Col J o se p hB Palme r s b ri gade ’

. .
,

andth a t fine o ffice r re su medco mmando f hi s re gi me nt and

was three ti mes wo unde dduri ng the ensuing e ngage me nt .

The N i nth Ke ntu ckyandCo b b s b atte ry u nd e co m

'
e r th ,

mando f Colo nel H unt were le f t to holdthe hill so o f te n

,

re f e rre d to .

“
The d i vi si on afte r d,
ed ucti ng the losses o f Wedne sday ,

the tro o p s le f t o nthe hill andco mp ani es i n sp eci al se rvi ce ,

consi ste d o f so me men I t was drawn upi n two .

lines the first i n a narro wski rt o f w

,
oo d s the seco ndtw o ,

hu nd re d yard s i n re ar Pi llo w and H anso n f ormed

.

th e firs t li ne Pi llo w o n the right

, Pre sto n sup p o rte d .

Pi llo w and A d ams b ri gad e ( co mmand edb y Co l R L

'
, . . .

Gi b son) su pportedH anso n The arti llerywas place di n

.

rear o f th e seco nd li ne unde r orders to mo ve wi th

,

i t and occu py the summi t o f the slope as soon as the i a

f antry sho u ld rou t the e ne my F e eli ng anxi o u s ab o u
. t
my ri ght I se nt two sta ff o ffi cers i n succe ssi o n to eo m
,
~

mani cate wi th Pe gram andWharton b ut re ce i vedno i n ,

.

K: n
 CON F ED ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

te lli ge nce up to the mo ment o f assault The i nte rval .

b e tw ee n my le f t and th e troo p s o n th e h i ll was alrea dy

too great b u ,
t I h ada b atte ry to w atchi t anda small i n .

f antry sup p o r t . T here w as no th i ng to p re ve nt th e ene my

f ro m o bse rvi ng ne arly all o ur mo vements andp re p a ra

ti o ns . To re ach hi m i t was nece ssary to cross an op en

sp ace 6 0 0 o r 7 00 yard s inw i dth wi tha ge ntle m ent

, .

“
I h ad i n f ormed the co mmand ing ge ne ral that w e

wouldbe ready to advance at 4 o clock andpreci sely at

'
,

th at ho u r th e si gn al gu nw as h eardf ro m o u r cente r In .

stantly th e troo p s move df o rw ard at a q ui ckstep and i n

ad mi rab le o rder The fro nt line hadbayone ts fixed wi th
.
,

o rd ers to d eli ve r one vo lle y andth enu se th e b ay o ne t .

The fire o f the e ne my s arti ll ery o n b o th si d e s th

“ ’
e

ri ve r co mme nce das soo n as th e tro op s entere dthe op en

gro u nd When less thanhalf the d

. istance across the fie ld ,

the q ui ck e ye o f O H ara di scove re d a force e xte nding

’

consi d erab ly b e yo nd ou r ri ght I i mmed

. i ate ly di rected
M aj or Graves to mo ve a b atteryto o u r ri gh t andOp en on

them H e at o nce advancedWri ght s b atte ryande ff e ct

’
.

ually checke dthei r mo vements Be f ore o ur li ne re ached

.

the e nemy s p o si ti on h i s arti lle ry fi re b ecame hea vy, ac

'
e
,

cu rate andd estru cti ve M any o ffi ce rs and men fe ll b e

.

f o re we closedwi ththe i r i nf antry, yet ou r b rave f ellow s

pushe df orw ardw i ththe utmost de termi nati o n and af ter

a b ri e f b u t b lo od yco nfl i ct ro u tedb o thop posi ng li nes to ok ,

fo u rh undredpriso ners andse veral flags, andd ro ve th ei r

arti lle ry and th e gre at b o d y o f the i r i nf antry acro ss the

Many we re ki lledat the water s edge Thei r ar
’
ri ve r . .

ti lle rytook ti me b y the f ore lock i ncro ssi ng the stre am A .

fe wo f o ur me n i n thei r ard o r actu ally crossedo ve r b e f ore

they cou ld b e p revented most o f w,

ho m sub se que ntly
mo ving upthe we st bank recrosse dat a fordthree q uar -

te rs o f a mi l e ab o ve The seco ndli ne hadhalte dwhen

.

the first e ngage d the ene my s i nfantry andlai d d ow

'
, n
under orde rs ; b ut ve ry soon the casu alti es i n th e first
li ne the f act that the artille ry on the Opp
, o si te li ne w as
 CON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

more f atal to the second li ne than the first, and the

eagerne ss o f th e troop s, i mpe lle d them f orw ard ,
and a t

the d e ci si ve mo me nt w he n the o p posi ng i nfantry was

ro u ted ,
the tw o lines hadmi ngle di nto o ne , th e onlyp rac

ti cal inconve ni e nce o f whi chwas that at seve ral po i nts the

A
‘
strong f o rce o f the e ne myb eyo ndou r extre me ri gh t
ye t re maine don the east si de o f the ri ver . Pre se ntly a
ne w li ne o f b attle ap peared on the we st b ank, di rectly
op posi te ou r troo p s, and O p ene d fi re , w hile at the same
time large masses crosse d i n f ro nt o f o u r ri gh t andad
v enced to the attack We were co mpe lledto f all b ack
. .

As soo n as o u r i nfantry h ad w o n th e ri d ge , Maj o r

Graves ad vance dthe arti lle ry o f the d i vi si o n ando p e ne d

fire At the same ti me Captai n R o b e rtso n thre wf o rw

. ard

Se mp le s b attery to w ard ou r ri ght, w hi chdi de xce lle nt

'

servi ce He d
. idno t ad vance hi s o w n b atte ry (w hi chwas
to have take n p o si ti o n o n th e le f t) , su pposing that 'that
part o f the fieldhad11 0t cleare do f the e ne my s ln
fantry Althou
.
gh mistake n in thi s, since the ene my had
bee n d ri ve n acro ss th e ri ver, ye t I re gardi t as f ortu nate
th at th e b atte ryw as no tb ro u ght fo rw ard . I t wou ldhave
v
bee n a ai n co ntest .

I t no wap peare dth at th e grou ndw e h adw onw as com

“ s

mandedb y the e ne mys b atteri e s wi thi ne asyrange o n b e t

’

ter gro u ndo n the o ther si d e o f the ri ve r. I kno wno t ho w

many guns he had‘ H e hadenoughto swee pthe whole
.

posi ti on f rom the f ront, the lef t andthe ri ght, andto re n

der i t w ho lly unte nable by o ur force pre sent o f arti lle ry
and i nf antry The inf antry, afte r p
. assi ng th e crest and

desce ndi ng the slope toward the ri ver, were i n so me

measure pro tected, andsnfi eredless at thi s pe ri od o f the
h
acti o n t an the artillery.
“
We lost three guns
nearly all the ho rse s b ei ng ki lle d
, ,

andnothavi ng the ti me o r me nto drawth e m o ff b y hand .

'I t is ui dtb e m were fif ty-five guns

.
 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

One was lost be cause there was b ut o ne b oy le ft ( Pri vate

Wri ght o f Wri ght s b atte ry) to li mbe r the pi ece andhis
,
‘
,

strengthw as une q ual to i t .

The co mmandf e ll b ack i n so me d

“
i sorder b u tw i thout ,

the sli g htest appe arance d re fo rmed b e hi nd

of pani c ,
an

R ob e rtso n s b attery i n the narro w ski rt o f ti mb e r f ro m

’

whi ch we e me rge d to the assault The ene my di d no t .

ad vance b e yo nd the p osi ti on i n w hi ch he rece i ved o u r

attack My ski rmi shers co ntinuedto occupy a p

. art o f the

fie ldo ver w hich we hadadvance dunti l the army reti red

f ro m M u rfreesb oro The acti o n laste d ab o u
. t o ne ho u r

andtw e nty mi nu tes As o u r lines ad

. vance dto the attack
se veral ro u nds o f arti lle ryw e re h eardf rom ou r ce nter ap ,

p a t ently di recte d ag a i ns t th e e n e m y o n the w es t b ank o f

the ri ve r .

A t twi light B ri g -Ge n Patto n And erson rep

. o rte d.

to me w i th hi s b ri gade, andremai ned i n p osi ti o n i th w

me until the army re ti re d I too k upli ne o f b attle f or .

the ni ght a li ttle i n re ar o f the field o ver w hi ch we

a dvance d to the assault and Captain Rob e rtson at my
,

req ue st di spose d the artille ry i n the posi ti ons ind i cate d

fo r i t M any o f the re p
. o rts do no t d i scri mi nate b etw ee n
the losse s o f We d nesd ay and F ri d ay The to tal loss of .

mydi visi o n e xclusi ve o f j ackso n s command i s

,
'
of ,

whi ch I think o ccu rredo n F ri d ay The loss o f the .

e nemy o n th is day w as, I thi nk greate r than ou r ow n , ,

si nce he sn fi ered i mmense slau ghte r b e tw ee n the ri d ge

andth e ri ver .

‘
I canno t f orbear to e xp ress myad mi rati onfo r the co ur
age andco nstancy o f th e troo ps e xh i b i te d e ven af ter i t
,

b ecame ap pare nt that the mai n o b j ect couldno t b e ac .

co mp li she d Be yondthe ge ne ral goo dco nd

. uct a nu mb er ,

o f e nli stedme n d layedat d i fi ere nt ti mes o f the acti o n

'

i sp
the mo st hero i c b rave ry I re sp ectfu lly sugge st that
.

au thori tyb e gi ve n to se lect a certai n nu mbe r o f the most

di stingui shedi n e ach b ri gade to b e reco mme ndedto the
Pre si de nt f or promo ti o n .
 CONF E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

“
I canno t enume rate all the b rave o fficers w ho f e ll, no r
the li vi ng w ho di dthe i r duty; ye t I may b e pe rmi ttedto
lame nt, i n commo n wi th the army, the pre matu re d e ath

o f B ri gad i er Ge neral H anso n, who re ce i ved a mo rtal

-

wo und at the mome nt the e nemy b egan to gi ve way .

End e ared to hi s f ri e nd s by h i s pri vate vi rtu e s, andto

hi s command b y the vi gilance w i thwhi chhe gu ard e di ts

i nterest andhono r, he w as b y th e u ni ve rsal testi mo ny o f

hi s mili tary associ ate s one o f the finest o fficers that
ad ornedth e se rvi ce o f th e Co nfe d erate States Up on h is
.

fall the commandd e volvedu po n Co lone l Trab ue, who i n

ano th er organi z ati on hadlo ng andab lycommand e dmost

of th e regime nts co mp o si ng th e b ri gad e .

I canno t close w i tho ut exp re ssi ng myo b li gati o ns to th

“
e

en tle m e n o f m y staff T hi s i s no f o rmal ackno w led g

g .

ment I canne ve r f o rge t that duri ng all the o peratio ns

.

they w ere e ver p romp t and ch ee rf u l, b y ni ght and day,

i n conve yi ng ord e rs, co nd ucti ng to thei r posi ti o ns re gi
me nts andb ri gade s, rallyi ng troops i nthe fie ld, and, i ndee d,
i n the d i scharge o f e very d uty I t gi ves me ple asure to
.

name Li e ute nant Colonel B u

-
ckner, assi stant ad j utant
gene ral, who w as abse nt o n leave , b u t re turne du pon the
first ru mo r o f b attle ; Co lo nel O H ara, acti ng adj utant’

ge ne ral, L i eu te nant B re cki nri d ge , ai d e d e camp ; M aj o r

- -

Grave s, chi e f o f arti lle ry (twi ce wou nd edandhi s h o rse

sh ot u nd er h im) ; M aj ame s Wilso n, assi stant i nsp

. J e ctor

general (ho rse sho t) ; Cap t Charle s Se mp

. le , o rd nance
o fii cer ; L i eutenant D arragh, se ve rely w ou nd ed Cap .
s

tai ns M arti n and Cole man, o f my volu nte e r stafi , w e re

acti ve andefi ci e nt . The f ormer hadhi s horse ki lle du n

d
er hi m .

F H eu i and E P e ndle ton, ch

J i e f su eo n
D rsI. . st
. s . . rg
and me d i cal i nspe ctor, w e re u nre mi tti ng i n thei r atte n
ti on to the wou nde d D r Stanho pe B re cki nri d
. .
ge , assi st
ant su rgeo n, acco mp ani e dmy he ad quarte rs andpursue d
hi s duti es thro ugh the fire o f We dne sday M r B uckner . . ,

an dMr Zantzi nge r, o f K entucky, a ttachedthemselves to

.
 CONF E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

me fo r the o ccasi o n and were acti ve C apt E M . . . .

B lackbu rn command i ng mye scort e ver co o l andvi gilant

, , ,

re nd e red esse ntial se rvi ce andmad e se veral b oldre con

no issances Charles Cho tard o f the esco rt acting as my

.
, ,

o rderly o n Wed nesd ay d i splayedmuch gallantry andi n

,

te lli gence .

“
The myre tire db e fore dayb re ak o n the morning of
ar

the 4th Myd . i vi si on mo ving o nthe Manche ste r ro ad was

, ,

the re ar o f H ard ee s corp The N inthKe ntucky, F orty

’
s .

firs t Alab ama and Co b b s b atte ry all und er th e co m

’
, ,

mando f Colo nel H unt formeda spe ci al rear guard The

, .

enemy d i dnot follo wu s .

“
Myackno wle d gments are du e to Col J Stod dardJ o hn . .
.

sto n Li e u
, te nant Colo ne l B re nt and Li e u
-
te nant Co lo ne l ,
-

G arne r o f Ge neral B ragg s staff andto M aj or Pi cke tt o f

'
, ,

Li e ute nant Ge neral H ardee s stafi , f or service s o nF ri d

'
-
ay ,

J anuary and .
”

M anya home in Ke ntuckyw as filledw i thmou rni ng b y

this b a ttle , andthe O rp han b ri gade l ong lamente d the
dea th o f i ts b e lo ve dco mmander Ge n R oge r We i ght . .
.

man H anso nhadse rvedas l i e ute nant i n the M ex i can war,

and to gre at gall antry as a so ld i e r andthe acco mp li sh
ments o f anab le lawyer uni te dthe rare quali ti es whi ch ‘

made hi m re spe cted as a co mmande r ande ndearedto all

as a co mrad e As co lo nel o f the Se cond K e ntucky.
.

whose fate he share d at D onelso n, he hadb ro ught i t up

to the hi ghest stand ardo f d isci pli ne , andhadalre ady, i n
the bri ef i nte rval si nce h i s pro mo ti on, gi ve n to hi s b ri gad e

a re p utati o n of the first pro minence H e was struck in .

the le f t thi ghw i th the leade n strapo f a ri fl e shell, ca u s

i ng a wou nd, whi ch. tho ughse ri ou s, w as no t re gard e das

mortal A s he was b e i ng bo rne i n an amb ulance to

.

Mu rfreesb o ro , h e p asse dne ar th e ce nte r w he re we re G en

e ral Polk ando th er o fii ce rs w ho e xpre sse dthe i r sympathy .

H e was chee rfu l andto the hope e xp ressed b y th e b i sho p

ge neral that he wo u ld so o n re co ve r, re p li edthat i t w as

a seriou s w ou nd, b ut add edth at i t w as glori o u s to d i e for

 C ON F E D ERA YE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

'
o ne s co un try H is de vo te d wif e re ce i ve d hi s shattered
.

f orm b ut the shock to hi s syste m was too grea t f o r the

,

ski ll o f th e su rgeo n, and h e di e d o n th e mo rni n g o f th e

4 th. A n o the r w if e M rs B re ck i nri dge had sha re d the

, .
,

an xi e ty o f thi s Sp arta n woman andwi thh e ro i c fo rti tu

,
de
ch ee re d h e r wi th he r symp a th y She hadfo r two days .

li ste n e d to the thu nd e r o f arti llery whi l e he r husb and and ,

two sons we re e xp ose d to i ts fire andw as no t o nl y su s ,

taine dth ro u gh th i s o rd eal an d i n he r mi n i str at i o n s to her

l ess fo rtunate fri e nd b ut whe n the army re tre ate d she
, , ,

l e ft at mi dn i ght i n an amb ul an ce, havi n g i n charge M aj .

R i ce E G rav es chi e f o f arti ll e ry o n Ge n e ral B rechi n

.
,

ri dge s sta fi , w ho had be en se ve re l y wo unde d bore hi m

’
,

safe ly to Ch a tta n oo ga a di stan ce o f n e arly a h

,
und re d
mi l es o ver the mo un tai ns and then n urse d hi m un ti l he ,

was abl e to re turn to d uty Such were the trial s whi ch .

the wo me n o f the Southhadto me e t andtheyd i di t wi th ,

the same he ro i sm sho wn b y the i r hu sbands so n s and ,

bro the rs i n the fie ld .

Satu rday w h i ch fo ll owe d the b attl e w as a co ld d ri zzl y ,

day marke d b y no mi l i ta ry o pe rati o ns o n e i the r si de

, .

The Co n fe d e rate troo p s h avi ng be e n f o r a w e e k i n th

, e

fro n t li n e o f ba ttl e cri ppl e d b y i ts casual ti es and o ut

,

numbe re d b y the ene my w e re e vi de ntl y un fit f o r further

,

aggressi o n o r re si stan ce I t was acco rd i n gl y d eci d e d by

.

a co u n ci l o f war to fall bac k and at ni ghtf all the re tre at ,

be gan i nthe orde r n ame d i n Ge ne ral B ragg s me mo randa

'

be fore the battl e o f the first day Ge n e ral Po lk s co rps ,

’

movi ng to Shel byville andGe n e ral B arde s s to M an ches ’

te r. T he mo v eme n t w as i n p er fect o rde r andap pare n tly

wi tho ut the kn o w l e dge o f the e ne my fro m who m the re ,

Was no mo l e stati o n Ge n eral B ragg e stab li she d his he ad

.

quarte rs at Tull aho ma and the army re mai n e d i n that

,

vi ci n i ty no t more than fo rty mi l es from M urfre esbo ro

, ,

and i n p osse ssi o n o f the co u n try to wi thi n te n o r twe l v e

mi le s o f i t f o r more than five mo n ths
, .

A bo u t ten days be fore the b attl e o f M urf re esbo ro Ge n .

J ohn H Mo rgan starte d o n one o f his ce l eb rate d rai ds

.
 C ON F ED E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

agai nst R ose crans co

’
mmuni cati o ns i n K e ntucky, which,
hadGene ral B raggfwo na de ci si ve b attle wo u .ldhave b ee n
ve ry d i sastro u s i n i ts resu lts H e mo ve d b y hi s w
. ell

b eate n p ath to Glasgo w ,

Ky , e ncou . ntering Opp o si ti on

the re andat Cave C i ty b u ,t cro ssing Green ri ve r d i dgreat

damage along the rai lro ad f ro m B aco n C re ek b ri dge to
E li zab ethto w n whe re he cap
, tur edsi x h undredpri so ners ,

andmad e a ci rcu i t b y way o f Sp ri ngfie ld andCo lu mb i a

to B u rke svi lle w ,
here he cro sse dthe Cumbe rlandon the
and N o tw
. i thstand i ng the se ve re we athe r hardmarching,

and figh ti ng hi s lo ss w
, as b u t tw o ki lled tw e nty fo u
,
r -

wo unde dandsi xty fo ur mi ss i ng whi le he captured

-
,

p riso ne rs w, i tha large amo u nt o f sto res andarms, anddi

ve rte dthe atte nti o n o f a large fo rce o f the e nemy w hose ,

cavalry sh ow e d great i mp ro ve ment i n e fi ci e ncy H is .

ab se nce w as ke e nly f e lt b y Ge neral B ragg w ho du , ring

the cri ti cal w e e k at M u rf re e sb o ro so u ght to b ri ng hi m to
his ai d b ut he was too re mo te fo r co mmuni cati on i n ti me
, .

The Co nf ed erate Co ngre ss i n reco gni ti o n o f th

,
e se rvi ce ,

te nd e re dth anks to Ge n J ohn H M o rgan andhi s me n

. .

f o r thei r vari ed he ro i c and invalu

, ab le servi ces i n Te n

ne ssee and Ke ntu cky on th i s e xp ed i ti o n—se rvi ce s whi ch

have co nferre dup o nth e m fame as e nd uri ng as the re cords
o f th e stru ggle w hi chthe yhave so b rilliantlyillustrated .

Sho rtly afte r h i s re turn Ge ne ral B ragg reco mmend edh is

pro mo ti onto a maj or ge ne ral -
.
 C H A PT E R X VI .

G E N E RAL B RA GG S A RMY IN WIN TER Q AR TE R s

’
u
D EAT H O F CO LON E L TRA B U E— IS IT O P G EN E RAL V
J OS EPH E J O H N STO N D RIL LS AN D R E I EWS
.
— V
TII EO D O R E O HARA —CO N F E D ERA TE R E E R SES V
'

'
G E N E RA L B R EC KI N R I D GE S D I ISION SEN T To s V m .

—
SI SSI PPI G E N E RAL BUC KN E R ASSI G N E D TO TH E
CO M MAN D O P TH E D E PA R TM E N T O P EAST TE NN ES
SE E . AN D G EN ERA L PR ES T O N To T HA T O P SO U T H
V —
WEST IR G IN IA FALL O P IC KSB UR G O PE RA V —
TI O N s IN M ISSISSI PPI CAPTU R E o r CO LO N E L
ST R EI GH T S CO MMAN D IN
'
G EN E R AL F O R R ES T
F E D E RAL AD A N CE IN T EN N ESSEE V MO R GAN S — ’

G R EA T RA I D TII R O U G II O II I O .

to gi ve f o ragi ng gro undas possi b le , Ge ne ral

as e x te nsi ve

M organ s commandb e i ng ab o ut M cM innvi lle andhaving

'

o ccasi o nal ski rmishe s andsmall b a ttle s w i thde tach me nts

o f the e ne my (301 R P Trab u
. e su
. cceed
.edG e ne ral H an
.

so n i n co mmand o f the O rphan b ri gade unti l the arri val

o f B ri g Ge n Be n H ard
.
-
. i n H elm w ho had re co ve re d ,

from the i nj u ry to h is le g b ro ke n b y the f all o f his horse

,

at B aton Rou ge Co lo ne l Trab u

. e , to the so rro w o f h is
re gi me nt and th e b ri gade d i edi n Ri chmo nd Va F e b
, , ,

ru ary I 3 I 86 3
,
The army was kept i n a go o dsta te o f
.

di sci pli ne b y f re que nt re vi e ws anddri lling i n whi ch the ,

Ke ntu cky b ri gad e b y ge ne ra l conse nt b o re O ff the p

, a lm , .

On the I 9th o f M arch G e n J E J o hnsto n came to . . .

Tullahoma and b e i ng the se ni o r O ffi ce r i t was e xp e cted ,

that he wo u ldas suchsup e rse de G e ne ral B ragg ; b u t al e

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

tho ugh he mai ned nearly two mo nths, he decli ne dto

re

take acti ve co mmand b u t co op e rate dw

,
i th B ragg i n all
-

matte rs conce rni ng the army, at the same time re tai ni ng

commando f d ep a rtme nt N o a, w hi ch also i ncludedM i s
.

si ssi ppi I nhonor o f hi s arri val the re was a grandre vi e w

.

i n whi ch Ge ne ral H ard e e i ntro d uced the charge O f a

b ri gad e i n li ne o f b attle b y re gi me nts w ,
i tha shout at , ,

do ub le qui ck th e I t was then that General Jo hns ton

-
.

i d h O h n b i ad h co mp li m e nt o f sayi ng th
p a t e rp a r g e t e at

the y w ere the e q ual o f any re gular troops he hade ve r

see n . It was a gala d a
y f o r the K e ntu cki ans A fl ag .

whichhadb e enmade b yM rs B reckinri dge was prese nted .

to the zo thTe nne ssee o f Ge ne ral Presto n s b ri gad

'
,
e, i n her

b e half b y Col The od o re O H ara o f Ge ne ral B rec ki n

’
o
.
, ,
"
ri d ge s staff author o f the
’
,
B i vo u a c o f th e D ead , who
p ro ve d h i m se lf a n or a tor as w e ll as a p oe t .

ri ng ad vance d, H ard s w as mo ved u

'
As sp e e s corp p
ne are r to the f ro nt B re cki nri d ge b e ing place dat B eech
,

G rove 1 2 mi les f rom M u

, rf re e sb o ro andi n sp e ci al ch arge ,

o f H oo ver s Gap an i mp
' '
ortant p
, o i nt i n Ge ne ral B ra gg s

li ne thro u gh w hi ch R o se crans duri ng the su mme r ad , ,

~

vance d T he mo ntho f M aywas marke db ygre at acti vi ty

.

i n the armi es b o th o f the E ast andWe st The vi cto ri es

, .

o f Ch ance llo rsvi lle and F re d e ri cksb u rg marre d b y th e ,

deatho f Sto ne wall J ackson o ccurredo n the andand4th .

O n the mmthe F ed
,

eral army, h avi ng go t i nto the re ar

o f Vi cksb u rg cap tu re dJ ackso n M iss

, O n the I o th Ge n , . .

Jose phE J ohnstonhadle ft Tullahoma wi th two b ri gade s

.

to re i nforce the Co nf ed e rate army at J ack so n andto take

command b u t w ,
as to o l ate to save th e p o si ti o n anda
p ,

pli ed for re i nf orce ments O nthe 2 4th Ge neral B rechi n .

,

ri d ge w i thhi s di vi si o n was ord e re dto th at p oi nt Co lo ne l .

Hu nt o f the Fi f th whose f amilyhadb e e nse ntthro u

, ghthe
li nes f ro m Ke ntucky, was co mp e lle d to resi gn andw as ,

su cce ed e d b y L i eu t Co l J W Caldwe ll Ge ne ral

.
-
. . . .

Pmsto n was i n M ay ordere d to the co mmando f the d e

partmento f Southweste rn Virgini a to succe e dGen H u m , .

r
 C ON F ED ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y.

h M h ll ndab out the same ti me G e ne ral B u kn

p re y ars a , a c e r

was transf erre d f ro m Mobi le to co mmand the de part

me nt o f E ast T ennesse e Wi ththe de parture o f Ge ne ral .

Bre cki nri dge o n the asththere were no K entucky troo p s

le ft i n Te nnessee pt the cavalryex ce .

Up on th e arri val o f his di visi oni n M i ssi ssi ppi J une rst , ,

the e nemy hade vacu ate dJ ackso n, andGe neral B re cki n

ri d ge w as p lace di n co mmandat that p lace H is di vi si o n .

was now composed o f Adams , Evans , Sto vall s and

' ' ’

He lm s b ri gades the F o rty se venthGeorgi a andWate rs

' '
-
, ,

SouthCaroli na b atte ry, rep o rting 8 1 94 f or d uty T here . .

we re also i nJo hnstons armythe maj o ri ty o f the K entucky

’

troo p s th
, e Th i rd Se venth and Ei ghth re gi me nts w
, i th ,

manyKe ntuckyo ff i cers assi gne dto i mportant duti es Ge n

Lloyd Ti lghman a most gallant om
. .

, ce r h adb e en ki lled ,

i n the B ake r s Creek b attle ne ar Ed

'
wards D e po t s sho rt
'
, ,

ti me b e f o re ; Ge n Ab ram B u f ord andGen G e o B Cosb y

. . . .

were i n command o f cavalry b ri gades, and D r D W . . .

Yandell had b eco me medi cal d i rector o nGe ne ral J ohn

’ '
sto n s stafi .

The camp ai gn hi ch f ollo wedwas one o f great hard

w
sh i p and o f smal resu lts ; the w eary marche s, th
l e u n
healthf u l climate andb add ri nking w ater b e i ng e sp
e ci ally

se ve re o nth e Ke ntucki ans i cksb urg f ell o n the 4 tho f . V

J uly , and wi th the b attle o f G e ttysb urg j ust pre cedi ng ,

marke d a f atal turning po i nt i n the f o rtune s o f the Con

fed e racy The only e ngageme nt o f any no te i n whi ch
.

Gene ral B re cki nri d ge s commandp arti ci pate dw as o n the

‘

n th o f J u ly near J ackso n i n w
, hi ch he re pulse d the ,

e ne my Bu t G e ne ral G rant s army b e ing f ree to move

'
.

f rom Vi cksb u rg Ge neral J oh ,nston re ti re dfro m J ackson

andto ok a p osi ti o n fif ty miles eastwardw here he was f ree
from furthe r molestati o n H e re Ge neral B recki nri dge s
’
.

di vi si o nremaine dunti l A ugust 3 6 th when i t was o rd e red ,

to Chattanoo ga w hi chhadnowb eco me the sto rm center

,

i n the We st .

Ge neral R osecrans, pendi ng the mi li tary operati ons i n

 C ON FED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the uthwest andhi s o wn pre p

so ,
arati o ns f o r a ge ne ral ad .

vance had long re mai ne dq

,
ui e sce nt Ab out the zo tho f .

June he gave e vidence o f a po si ti ve advance,b o thwi th

his o wn army andone command e db y Ge ne ral B u rnsi de ,

i nto E ast Tennessee Anextensi ve cavalryrai dw

. as mad e

he re b y Colone l Carte r w ho appro achedthe vi ci ni ty o f

,

Kno xvi lle andb u

,
rne dse veral b ri d ges o nthe E ast Te nne s
se e Vi rgini a rai lroad O n the 2 3 rdo f J une Ge ne ral
.

turedH oo ver s GapandGe neral B ragg f e ll

'
R ose crans cap

ve ry milar to that o f a year pre vious, w

si he n Ge ne ral
Bu e ll on th e ri gh t andGe n Ge o W M o rgan on the le ft
. . .

seemedon th e po i nt o f su cce ss B ut the waste o f a year

.

upo nthe vi tal fo rce o f the Southf rom losse s inb attl e, and
the exh au sti o n o f he r reso u rce s fro m th e b lockad i ng o f
he r po rts toge the r wi th the vast army o f the N orth re
, ,

cru i ted fro m e ve rynatio n, and w i th u nli mi te dsup pli es ,

do mesti c andi mporte d were te lling se ve re ly upo n the

,

South ern cau se In the re tro sp

. ect i t i s no t strange th at

de feat ensue d b ut that i t was po stpo nednearlytwo years

, .

The o nlysuccess sco redb yGe ne ral B ragg s f orces si nce

'

the b a ttle o f M u rf ree sb o ro h adb e en the b ri lli ant cap tu re

duri ng the wi nter o f Stre ight s b ri gade o f cavalryby Ge n

’

eral Forrest The F ede ral rai dhadb ee n mad

. e th ro u gh
the mo u ntai ns o f N o rthAlabama w i tha vi e wof the cap

arsc ual the re F orre st p

. ursuedandaf tuan extrao rdi nary
and p ro lo nge d march o n th e trai l o f his adversary, cap
tu redth e e nti re command , whe n wi thi n fiftee n or twenty
miles o f thei r desti nati on The b o ldness o f the F e de ral
.

e nte rp ri se w as o nly e xce ll edb y th e b rilli ancy of th e Co n

f ede rate success .

B ut no w , when the Fe de ral i nfantry was advanci ng,

Ge ne ral M o rgan e x ecu ted a mo ve me nt f o r the d i ve rsi o n
o f th e e ne my, w hi chi n i ts conce pti on andde tai ls co nsti
tuted the most re markab le cavalry e x p loi t o f the war .

Mo ving to the rear of R osecrans wi thhis cavalry d i vi si o n

 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

of 2 ,see men he
, crosse dthe Cumb erlandri ver at B urkes
vi lle h
on t e a d of July passedthro ughColumb i a Leb
, ,

Lo ui svi lle , andthe re o n the 8thcrosse dthe O hi o i nto In

di ana, drawing af te r hi m large b odi es o f F ederal cavalry
andi n f antryandhaving a nu mb er o f heavy e ngageme nts .

The nce b e swept throu gh Corydon, Sale m and other

to w ns, u nti l o n the 1 3 th he was i n the vi cini ty of
Cinci nnati , havi ng ca p tu red many troo p s, and w i th
the hu e and cry o f two Sta tes rai se d agai nst
hi m H e w
. as p ursued and sought to b e heade d b y
large bo d i es o f the e ne my s cavalry and i nf antry,
'

d raw n f rom all q uarte rs . Wi th li ttle ti me for

rest h e d i rected hi s co u rse north e astw ardthro u ghO hi o
unti l, worn down b y f ati gue ande ncomp asse d b y o ver

whe lmi ng odds i n hi s re ar, on hi s flank, andi n fro nt, i a

clu di ng troops i n ste ame rs mo ving b ythe O hi o, a large
par t of hi s f orce whi le attempting to cross i nto West Vi r
gi ni a at B u fi ngto n s Islandwas cap turedon th
’
e z i et o f

J uly, andon the 3 6thGe neral Morgan was force dto sur
re nd er w i thas many more , b ri ngi ng the aggre gate o f hi s
loss to more than half o f hi s ori gi nal co mmand The te .

mai nder made the i r way to the So uth i n small de tach

ments andwe re organi ze dat Ab i ngdo n, Va O f the i m .

pri so nme nt o f Gene ral M o rganandhi s princi pal o earai n m

th e p e ni te nti ary at Co lu mb us, Ohi o , hi s ro manti c escape
f ro m there w i thsi x o f hi s f ai thfu l comrad e s, H i ne s, H och er
smi th. Sh e ld o n, B e nne tt, M cGe e and T a lor ando f his
y ,
su b se q ue nt mo ve me nts and tragi c death, Septemb e r 4,
1 86 4 , at Gree ne vi lle , Tenn , re fe rence mu
. st b e mad e
to the fu ll and ab le hi sto ry o f Morgan s cavalry b y hi s
'

disti ngui she d seco ndi n co mmand , Ge n

. B asil W D u . ke .

The p ro p e r re cord o f th e b o ld e nte rp rise s andd ash i ng

ex l o i ts o f th i s great cavalry le ad er w ou ld f h emse lve s
p o t
alone req ui re more space than i s acco rde dto thi s ge ne ral
narrati ve o f the p art take n i n th e w ar b y all the Ke ntu ck
ians w ho followedthe Conf ederate b anner .
 C H APTE R X V II .

R OS E CRAN S PLAN ES C HATTAN OOG A A N D B RA GG

V —
E AC U ATES B U RN SI D E E N TE RS EAST TE N N ESS E E
AN D BU C K N E R J OINS BR AGG —MO VEM E NTS OF 0 P
PO SIN G AR MI ES PR EC ED IN G B ATTLE —LO N GSTRE ET
J O IN S B RA GG WITH H IS CO R PS—BA TT LE O F C H I C K
A M A U GA — ARRAN GEM E N T O F LI N ES O F BATTL E
I MPO R TAN T PART PLAYE D B Y K EN T U C KY O F F I
C ERS AN D SO LD IE R S - SE ER E LOSS ES
_
V
D EATH —
O F G EN E RAL B EN HARD IN H ELM AN D CO LO N E L
J AMES H EWITT GREAT CON FED E RA TE I CTO R Y V
C HARLES A D AN A S O PI N I O N BR EC KIN RI D G E,
’
.

B UCKN E R AN D PR ESTON .

E danger threateni ng Chattanoo ga and e ast

Te nnesse e no w calledf or the conce ntrati o n o f all
the troo p s w hich co uldbe made available f o r i ts
de fe nses . R ose crans advanced slo wly andcauti ously,
whi le B ragg was busily e ngagedin f o rti fyi ng at Chatta
nooga thro u
, gh the mo nth s of u J
ly andAugu st R o se
.

crans, d ecli ni ng a d i re ct attack, p ro j ected a h ea vy

mo vement up Will s valle y o n the western si de o f Lo o k

’

ou t mou ntai n, threa te ni ng R o me and B ragg s commu

'

ni cati o ns, thu s f orci ng the e vacu ati on o f Ch a ttanoo ga o n

the oth d te mb er, B ragg s o b j e ct b e i ng b y a

'
ay o f Se p

co u p to cr ush the ri gh t w i ng o f R o secrans army, w

’
h i ch

was mo vi ng i nto Geo rgi a throughthe gaps so utho f Chat

tanoo ga, and the n to tu rn su ddenly up o n i ts le ft, whi ch
occupi e dthe ci ty .

M eanwhile , Gene ral B urnsi de having ad vance d i nto

east T ennesse e fro m Kentu cky, Ge ne ral B uckne r h ad

u d K no xvi lle on the astho f A ugust andj o i ned

e vac ate ,

B ragg wi thhi s di vi si o n commande db y G ene ral Pre ston

, ,
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

who wi ththe F i fth K e ntucky andso me other tro ops came

'

f rom so u thw es t Vi rgini a to re inf o rce Ge ne ral B ra

gg .

Bu ck ne r was th enp lacedi n co mmando f a co rp s co nsi st

i ng o f the d i vi si ons o f Ge n A P Ste w art and Ge ne ral . . .

Pre ston, the latte r emb raci ng the troo p s of Ge neral

Bu ckne r s d artme nt, co mp o se d o f
' ' '
ep Graci e s, T ri gg s
and K e lly s b ri gad Ge ne ral B reckinri d ge s d
'
i vi si o n,
’
es .

whi ch had pre vi ously arri ve d f ro m Mi ssi ss i ppi , was

place d i n the co rps o f Ge n D H H i ll . . . .

When Ge ne ral B ragg mo ved o ut o f Chattanoo ga to

attack Rose crans
‘
flanki ng p his F ede ral o ppo nent
co r s,

th ou ght he w as i n fu ll re tre at tow ard R o me Cri t .

tend e n s corp s w as there fore starte d af ter hi m and p

’
ro

cee d e d as f ar as R i nggold w hen i t w as d i sco ve re dthat

,

ort w as f alse B ragg s whole army w as b e tw

'
the re p . ee n

th e w i ngs o f R o secrans , w
'
hi ch were almost fifty miles
ap art. H e tri e d to cru shth e ri ghtw i ng u nd e r T ho mas

at M c Le more s Co ve bu t i t e vad e d b attle andw i th

’
,

Mccoo k s and Cri ttend en s co rp s tu rne d to w ard Ch

’ ’
at

tanoo ga f or b e tter secu ri ty B ragg the n also mo ve d

.

tow ard s Ch attano o ga ai ming to i ntercep

, t R osecrans and
cu t hi m o ff f ro m hi s stro ngho ld On the af te rno o n o f .

th e 1 8th o f Se p te mb e r he cro sse d Chi ckamauga cre ek

at L ee 8: Go rd o n s mill
'
wi th the vi e wo f thro wi ng
,

himse lf acro ss the mai n road leadi ng f ro m C rawfish

Sp ri ngs to Ch attanoo ga Tho mas d. i vi ning hi s purp o se , ,

crossed th e cre e k at Craw fish Spri ngs andb y a ni ght

marchparalle l to B ragg se cure dthe posi ti o nhe o ccupi e d
,

i n the sub se q uent b attle .

The morni ng o f the 1 9th f ound B ragg i n the ac t o f

formi ng hi s line i n a d irecti o n ge ne rally parallel w i ththe
roa d to Chattanoo ga wi th hi s le f t wi ng resti ng o n the
,

Chi ckamau e 8: Go rd m e ral B u

'
a at L e o n s ill G e n ck
g .

sw lace do n the le ft w i thPre sto n s d

'
'
ner s co rp as p i vi si on ,

Gord o n s mi ll and Ste w art s o n h i s ri ght

' ’
at Lee ,
.

Ge neral Lo ngstre e t whose corps hadarri vedf ro m Vi r

,

gi ni a the da y b e f o re w as o n,
B u ckne r s ri gh t H i ll s ‘
.
’
 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

co r s an
p d Po lk s corps we re sti ll o n the east si de o f the
’

C hi ckamau ga Whi le Gene ral B ragg was making his

.

ali gnment o n the mo rning o f the ryth hi s ri ght came i n

co ntact wi th part o f the Fe d e ral f orces und er Ge n eral

Tho mas anda heavy e ngage me nt e nsu

, ed i n th e th i ck
woo ds which pre ve nted e i ther side from de te rmi ning
,

well what was I n the af te rnoo n, Ge neral

i n i ts fro nt.

Preston s
'
di visio n was fo r
a ti me ho tly e ngaged , but
re p ulse dthe attack andheldi ts posi ti o n wi ththe loss of
1 50 men kille d and wo unded The ene my had also .

su ff e re d o n o ur ri ght, b ut the m y no t b ei ng u ni te d,

fu rth er ad vance w as no t mad e .

At ni ght b o tharmi e s p re p aredfor th e great b attl e o f

the ne xt d Ge ne ral B re cki nri d ge crosse d the ri ver

‘
ay .

andat d ayli gh t was p lace do n the e xtreme ri ght, his le ft

re sti ng o n the ri gh t o f Cle b u rne s d i vi si on Ge neral Polk
’
.

was i n co mmando f the ri ght wi ng, co nsi sting o f hi s o wn

andH i ll s co rp s ; andGeneral Lo ngstre et o f the l e f t, com
’

posedo i hi s o wnandB uckne r s co rps D uri ng the ni ght,

'
.

Ge ne ral Tho mas, w ho hadb ee n se verely presse dthe d ay

b e fore , hadf elle d timber and mad e a b reastw ork i n th e

thi ck f ore st o f small tre es p aralle l to o u r l i ne , so located

as no t to b e d iscerni b le until closelyap pro ached These

.

wo rks cove red B recki nri dge s le f t andCleb urne s ri ght

' ‘
.

The b reak o f d ay fou ndthe tw o armi es i n li ne s o f nearly

eq ual le ngth, the F e de rals ne ar anda li ttle i n fro nt o f the

main Chattanooga road, M cCook s co rps on the ri ght, hi s
’

ri ght resti ng o nCraw fishSp ri ngs, C ri tte nd

'
e n s i n ce nte r.

and Th o mas on th e le ft, and th e Conf ed erates a f e w

'

hu nd redyard s east o f th em .

I t had b e e n B ragg s i ntenti o n to attack early i n the

’

mo rni ng, b ut there was delay i n perf ecti ng his d i sposi

ti o ns on the ri ght i n su ppo rt o f Cle b urne , andto hi s le f t,
andi t w as no t u nti l half p as t ni ne th
-
at th e ad vance w as
made The thi ck w
. oo d s andge nerallyle ve l natu re o f th e

gro u ndp re ve nte dth e u se o f mu charti lle ry, andu ntil po

si ti ons w ay, b u w
e re ch an gedlate r i n the d t li ttle as u se d
.
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

B ragg s plan o f battl e w

'
as th at wh i chcharacteri ze d hi s
oth e r figh ts, to o p e n o n th e ri gh t andswi n g onhi s l e ft as
i vo t R osecrans p o li cy w as, as at M u rfree sbo ro ,
’
a p .

wai ti n g and de fe nsi ve B recki n ri dge s di vi si o n w

.
'
as

as fo ll o ws : H e lm s Ke n tu k b
'
p o ste d c y ri ga d e o n th e l e ft
,

Sto vall s i n the cen ter, andA dams o n the ri ght A t the
.

’ ’
.

ho u r name d th e ad van ce w as made andin a f e wmi n u tes

the b attl e o p e ne d w i thgreat fu ry, e x te nd i n g to th e ri gh t
o f Lo ngstree t s li n e ; b u t that p art o f th e l i n e wh i chcame
'

upo n the bre astwo rks o f Tho mas me t wi thheavy l oss and

h
s ot o f it .

Ge ne ral B re cki n ri dge i n hi s repo rt says : The battl e

was ope n e d b y H e lm w i th grea t fury The Se co nd and .

N i nth Ke n tucky, wi th th re e co mp a ni e s o f the F o rty first -

Alabama re giment, e n coun te re d the l e ft o f a l i n e o f b re ast

works be fo re re achi ng the Chattanoo ga road , andtho ugh
assai li ng them wi th grea t co urage w ere compe ll e d to
,

u F m m u h e l i n e o n my l e f t h adno t ad
p a se. ro so e ca se t
vance d si mu l taneo usly wi th my di vi si o n and i nco nse ,

q u e n ce th ese b r a ve troo p s w e re at fi rst i n add,

i ti o n t o the

fire i n front subj e cte d to a se ve re e nfiladi ng fire from

,

The rest o f H e l m s bri gade i n who se fro n t

'
the le ft .
,

there we re no wo rks af te r a sho rt b ut sharpe n gageme n t

, ,

ro u te d a li ne o f the e n emy p urs ued i t acro ss the Chatta

,

noo ga road andcap , ture d a se cti o n o f arti ll ery i n th e

ce n ter o f th e road This p

. orti o n o f th e bri gade w as no w
bro ught und e r a he avy and e nfilading fire and be in g ,

sep arate d from i ts l e ft I o rd e re d Co l Jos

, H Le wi s
. . .

o f th e Si x thK entu ck y w ho succee de d to the co mmand up

,
«

o n th e fall of Ge n eral H e l m to wi th , draw the tro o ps

so me tw o h undre d yards to the rear re uni te the bri gade
,

and ch an ge h i s fro n t sli ghtl y to mee t the ne word er o f

thi ngs b y throw ing forward hi s ri ght amdre ti ring hi s l e ft .

The mo ve me n t w as mad e w i th ou tp an i c or co nf u si o n .

Th is w as one o f th e b l oodi e st e n co u n ters o f the day

“
.

H e re Ge n eral H e l m e ve r read y f or acti o n ande ndeared

, ,

n u
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

to his co mmandby hi s many vi rtue s rec e i ve da mo rtal

,

wound, whi le i nthe he roi c di scharge o f duty Co l J W . . . .

H ew i tt o f the Se co nd Ke ntu cky w as kill e d

, acti ng gal
lantly a t the he ad o f hi s re gi me nt Cap tai ns M ad
. e i ra,

R oge rs, and D ed man, o f the Se cond, Captai n D ani e l o f

the N i nthK e ntu cky, andmany c m cc ta andme n me t the i r

deaths be fo re the e ne my s works ; whi le Co lo nel N ucko ls

'

o f the Fou rth K e ntucky, C

o lo ne l Cald well o f the N inth,
an dmany mo re o fi ce rs andme n were wounded , .

“
I n the meanti me Ad ams andStovall ad vance dstead ily ,

dri vi ng two lines o f ski rmi shers Sto vall hal te d at the
.

C hattanooga road A d . ams afte r d

,
i spersi ng a re gi me nt

and ca p tu ri ng a b atte ry, crosse d at Gle nn s farm a nd

’

halte da sho rt di stance b e yo ndi n an o p en field Wh en .

H elm s b ri gad e w as ch ecke d and I h ad gi ve n Co lo nel

’

Lew i s o rd e rs i n re ference to h is ne wp osi ti o n I ro d e to

,

the command s of Ad ams andSto vall o n th e ri ght I t w as .

no we vi d e nt f rom th e co mp arati vel sli gh

y t resi stan0e they
hadenco unteredandthe f act the y w ere no t th re atenedi n

fro nt that o u t l ine e xte nd edb e yo ndth e ene my s le ft I at

’
.
,

o nce ord e redth ese b rigad es to ch ange front p e rpe ndi cu

larly to the ori gi nal li ne o f battle andw ,
i th the le f t o f
Ad ams and th e ri gh t o f Sto vall re sting o n th e Ch a tta o

noo ga ro ad , to
advance u po n the fl ank o f the e ne my .

i ce, was poste don favorab le grou ndon the west of the
roadto su pport the movement The b ri gades movedi n
.

fine o rd er o ver a field and entered th e w oo d s b eyo nd .

Sto vall soon enco u nte redthe ex treme l e ft o f the enemy s

'

wo rks, whi chre tiring from the general north andso uth
di recti on o f hi s i ntre nchments, e xtend edwestwardto the
Chattanoo ga road Af ter a se ve re and w
. e ll co nte ste d -

co nfl i ct, he w as ch eckedandfo rce dto re ti re Ad ama o n

.

the w est si d w
e o f the ro adme t t o li nes o f th e ene my, w ho
hadi mpro vedthe short ti me to b ring upre inf o rcem e nts
and re fo rm ne arl i h n h i n hi
y at r g t a gles to t e tro op s s
mai n li ne o f wo rks .Ge ne ral B recki nri d ge comp li
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y II I S TOR Y .

ments Cob b s b atte ry f o r i ts acti o n i n the fight

’
.

So me fu rth e r figh ti ng occu rredhe re b u t Ge neral B reck

,

fnri dge , find ing hi mse lf conf ro nte db y a large ly su p e ri o r

f orce andhaving no su ppo rt af te r ge tting actuallyi n rear

,

o f T homas mai n li ne ref ormedhi s commande ast o f th

'
, e

Chattanoo ga roa d ab o u , t si x hu nd redyard s i n f ro nt o f h is

first li ne o f the morning H i s acco u
. nt o f thi s move me nt ,

i n advanci ng i nd ep end e ntly andu pon his o wn responsi

,

b ili ty changi ng f ront andmo vi ng u ponthe e nemy s fl ank

’
,

andre ar h as b e e np
, re se nte dh e re f or th e p urpo se o f gi v
ing hi m the cre d itw hi chhi s modestyp re ventedhim f ro m

clai mi ng and h i s superi ors f ai led to re cogni ze as i t d e

serve d I ts b e ari ng u
.
po n the resul t o f the b attle andi ts
i mme di ate e fi ect up o n th e e nemy w ere su chth at i t le d

direc tlyto the di saste r whi chsoo nb e fe ll the F ede ral army .

Whe n the Co nf e derate li ne had reco iledfro m Thomas ’

bre as tw o rks th e assa u

,
lt w as rene w e db y f re shl i ne s and ,

this to ge ther w i th the th re ate ne d d anger to Th omas

’

rear b y B recki nri d ge s mo vement le dto the transf e r o f

'
,

heavy re i nforce me nts fro m the Fe d eral ri ght andce nter ,

leavi ng a gapi n f ront o f Ge ne ral H oo d w ho thre w hi s

,

di vi si on fo rwardpromptly andb roke the ir li ne i nfl i ct i ng

,

heavy loss up o nth e e ne my andb e i ng himse l f d e sp e ra te ly

wo unde d The mo veme nt was taken upi nli ne b y Ste w

.

art s d i vi si on o f B u s andl ate r b y Pre sto n s

'
ckne r s corp
’ ’

di vi si on whi chd , ro ve all bef o re them w i thgre at slau gh

ter u
,
nti l i t became i n the natu re o f a ri ghtw he el o n the
le ft cente r ; and the gre ater p art o f the le ft w i ng ad
vencedacross the Chattanoo ga road , ass
u ming a li ne al
most at ri ght angles to i ts former po si ti o n .

Thu s w i thhi s ri ght b ro ken upandb e nt b ack andw i th

,

rene w e dch arges u p n T h m b w k n d f e sh

’
o o as r e ast o r s a a r
ad va nce o f B re ckinri d g e th e e nt
,
i re F e d er a l ri gh t w as

beate n b ack towardthe fo othi lls o f Mi ssi onary Ri d ge i n

th e re ar L ately p
. ub li she dremi ni scence s o f Charles A .

D ana assi stant se cre tary o f w

,
ar who was o n the field
, ,

fu lly co nfirm thi s vi e w H e says R osecrans d e fe at w

'
. as
 CONF E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y
.

a ve ri tab le B ull R un . mai ned b ut o ne poi nt o f

There re

F e de ral resi stance b es i de s that o f T ho mas andthis w as,

e w oo ded h i lls near M cFarlands Gapand the ke y to

'
th
the F ed e ral p osi ti on .

Ge ne ral Preston w ho had as a gui de D ye r whose

, ,

he learnedthe nature of the to p ograp hy in the f ront, fo l

lo we dafte r H i ndman s andM cLaws di vi si o ns, w
’ '
hi chhad
met a heavy re pu lse , andmo vi ng u p a ravine b eyond
Snod grass ho u se , ch arged th e fl ank o f Granger and
'

Stee dman, p o ste dw i th arti llery o n co mmand i ng ri dges .

It w as b loo d y b ut e fl ecti ve w ork, re su lti ng i n the co m

ple te ro ut o f the e ne my and the capture of the Ei ghty o

ni nthO hi o , the Tw enty secondM i ch

-
i gan, andp art o f th e
Tw e nty first O h
- i o regi me nts Thi s b o ld and d
. eci si ve
stro ke , w hi ch closed the b attle as the su n se t, was
o ne o f th e most gallant aff ai rs o f th e w ar, and like

that o f B re cki nri d ge on the ri ght w as mad e u po n Ge ne ral

Preston s o w
'
n ju dgme nt, as he w as ord ere d ori gi nally

me re ly to suppo rt H i ndman A B ri tish o fl . i cer pre se nt

co mp are dPreston to D essai x andsai dh i s charge w as o ne
o f the gre atest i n h i story The F if thKentucky, Colo ne l
.

H awkins was consp

, i cu ou s f o r gallantry i n th is fight .

I n the co nf usi on resulti ng from the ch ange o f li nes th , e

smo ke o f b attl e, and ap ro ach o f ni h

p g t, i t w as d ifi cu lt
to co mp re h end the f u ll e x te nt o f thi s Co nf e d erate vi cto ry .

The e ne my, b eate n at e very p o i nt, availi ng himself o f

the f avo rable cond i tions, retre ated i n the d i recti o n o f
Chattanoo ga and the Co nf e derate army, w
, orn d ow nby
lo ng and arduo us lab o rs, w i th all command s mi ngle di n

pro miscuous confusi on, we nt to sle epon the b attle fie ld ,

e achw he re he fou ndhi mse lf The f u

. rther d etails of w hat

of suffi ci e nt force b ut chi e fly f rom the lack o f Sto ne wall

,

J ackso n persi ste nce lost the f ull frui ts o f vi ctory b e long
, ,

to general hi sto ry I t has b e e n the ai m i n this narra ti ve

.

to ske tchb ri e fl y o nly so mu ch o f th e b attle as w i ll sho w

ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

h part pe rfo rmedb y the Conf e der

en t e

Ke ntu cky and th e i r gallant o mce rs .

cti ve, as w
z ere th e nu mbe r o f muskets ,

more b rave ly, and no State was mo re

th an Kentu cky i n her tri o o f ge nerals,

ho were ne ver se paratedi n fri endshi p

usy, and who i llustratedi n the ir char
b

e e lements w hi ch mak e me n grea t and

tate famou s .Each, b y the u nani mo u s

earned n d v n m nt i n r ad e;
y, a a a ce e g
alread y p
to he a vy
- i n rank p rop o rti on

nthe se rvi ce ando the r States clamore d

,

the i r so ns
. Late r i n the war Ge neral
ea li e utenant ge neral, andju st b e fore
 C H APTER X V III .

IN VESTME NT o r C HATTAN OOGA avB RAGG—G EN E RAL

R OS EC RAN S D ISPLAC E D B Y G ENERA L G RAN T
BATTLE OF M I S S I O N AR Y R I D G E —G E N .

E R A L B U C K N E R ASSIGN ED T o T H E T RAN S
MI SSISS IPPI D E PAR TM ENT G EN E RAL — PREST O N
A PPO I NT E D M IN ISTER To M EXICO AN D G E N
E RA L B R EC KIN R ID G E ASSIGN E D To T HE D EPAR T
ME NT o r SO UTH WES T V —
IRG INIA SA D PAR TI N G
O F TII E LA TTE R WIT H TH E KE N TU CKY B RI G A D E
— G EN E RAL J OS EPH E J OH N STO N S U CCE ED s B RA GG
—m —
.

s CO MPLIM EN T To TIIE B RIGAD E B RECK IN

V I RG IN I A—H I S ICTO R Y O E R
V V V
'
RI D GE S SER I CE IN
S IGEL AT N EW M AR KET- HIS O ATION FR O M G EN V
E RAL LEE S AR MY—B ATTL E o r SECO N D CO LD H A R
'

BO R—M ON OCACY—IN SIG HT O F WASH IN GTO N CI TY

S H E NAND O AH V
ALLE Y C AM PAIG N R ET U RN TO —
H I S D EPA R TM EN T KEN T U C KY TR OO PS TH E RE

SU CC EED D IG E VEN TS .

second d ay afte r th e b attle Ge neral Bragg

,

move d up to wi thi n canno n sho t o f Chattanoo ga

o
,

where R osecrans re assuredb y the f ai lure o f pur

,

s ui t and the stre ngth o f the def e nses whi chB ragg had
constru cte d, sup
s e nd edh i s mo ve me nts for re treat i na ng
urate di n the F ederal pani c andse ttledd ,
ow n to standa
si e ge . B ragg d i sposed his army i n the valle y b e tween
Mi ssi o nary R i dge and Point Loo kout, fro m whi chlatte r
e le vati o n e ve r
y mo vement i n the b e leagu e re dto w nw as
di sti nctly vi si ble H e re mai ned there unti l N ove mb e r
.

9 5 th. M e anw hile B u rnsi d e hadcap turedKnoxvi lle , and

 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

Lon gstre e t was sent to di sl o dge him , but was fo iled ,

the greate r part o f E ast Te nn e sse e as pe rman e ntl y w

l ost to the Co n federacy A t the same ti me F e d .

e ra l re i nforce me n ts po ure d i n to Chattanooga and ,

Ge n eral Gran t full o f the presti ge o f V i cks

,

burg and loo mi n g up i nto the pro mi ne n ce whi ch

soo n p l ace d him at the he ad o f the F ed e ral armi es was ,

se n t to restore th e shattere d co n fid e n ce o f R o se cran s

‘

army . The resu l t i s to ld in fe wwo rd s .

The B attle o f the Cl o u ds o n Lo o kout M o un tai n i s

a myth The battle o f M issi o n ary Ri dge w
. as l i ttl e sho rt

o f a di sgrace The resi stance was as fee b l e as that o f

.

man y o f the detachme nts w hi ch M organ capture d i n hi s

rai d s andwi thth
, e l oss o f a f e wh undre d the Co n fede rate
army fe ll b ack be yond th e Ch i ckamau ga andwe n t i n to
wi n te r quarte rs at D al to n Ga Wi th i t we n t the Ken
, .

tu ck y bri gad e farth e r and farth

,
e r fro m h ome ye t wi th ,

the same b rave andl o yal sp iri t whi che v er characterize d i t .

Ge n e ral Pre sto n had be fore the b attl e o f M i ssi o nary

,

R i dge bee n resto re d to hi s de p

,
artme n t i n so u thwe ste rn
V i rgi n i a b ut hadl e ft the Fi f th Ke n tucky whi chbecame
, ,

permane n tly a part o f the O rphan b ri gade I n a short .

ti me he w as sen t as mi n i ster to M e x i co andh i s mi l i tary ,

care er cease d In his pl ace Ge ne ral B u

. ckn e r w as o rde re d

to V i rgi ni a and af te r a b ri ef se rvi ce w

, as at h i s o wn re ,

quest assi gne d to the Tran s M i ssi ssi ppi andwas the nce
,
-
,

forw ard se parate d fro m the K e ntuckytroo ps wi thwho mhe

hadso l o ng bee n asso ci ate d Inco mmo n wi thman yo the r .

o ffice rs f ro m K e n tu cky and e l se wh ere h e hadbe e n i a ,

vo l ve d i n unpl easan t con tro ve rsy wi th Ge ne ral B ragg ,

andl o n ger se rvi ce i n h i s departme n t be came di staste ful .

Thu s al most si mu l tan eo usl y the army o f Te nnesse e as i t ,

was sti ll called l ost two o f i ts most co nspi cuous o ffice rs

,
.

But i t was so o n to l o se a thi rd Pre si de n t D avi s re co g

.
,

ni zi ng the capaci ty andi nfl ue n ce o f Ge n eral B re cki nri dge ,

and the de mand f o r an o fl i ce r o f hi s me ri t i n that fie ld ,

 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

i n the early p art o f Fe bru ary te nde re d h i m the command

o f th e de p artme n t o f So u thwe ste rn V i rgi ni a, andhe ac
ce p tedi t The annou
. n ce me n t o f the fact bro ught gl oo m
to the K e n tu ck y bri gade , andth e parti n g w as to uchi ng .

The ni ght be fore he l e ft the y call e d i n a bo dy to tak e

l e ave o f hi m, andbe sought hi m to secure the i r tran sf er
to hi s dep artme n t Whe n he went to Ri chmond on hi s
.

wayto take co mmand, he made the appl i cati o n , andafter

ward re pe ate d i t urge ntly; b ut whe n the matter was re

Ge neral B ragg i n the co mmand, that offi ce r di sap pro ve d

the transf e r, sayi ng i n co mp li ment to the bri gade , whi ch
e ver e nd e are d hi m to i t, tha t i ts place could not b e sup
pl i e dThu. s th e year I S64 starte d o ff wi tha general sh ak e

upi n the army at D alto n, and the se ve ral o fi cers we n t

to the i r ne wfie lds o f servi ce , no t agai n to b e u ni te d .

Leavi n g the K e n tu ck y bri gad e i n qu arte rs at D al to n

f or a seaso n o f rest andre creati on, a b ri e f record wi ll b e

made o f Ge ne ral B recki nri dge s after se rvi ce andthat o f
’

the Ke n tucki ans who came unde r hi s command , as li ttle

acco unt has e ve r b ee n made o f i t wi thi n the reacho f hi s
admi ri n g cou n tryme n .

The dep artme n t to wh i chhe h adb ee n assi gne d w as o ne

o f great terri to ri al di me n si o ns ando f an al to eth i n d
, g er a
e qu ate fo ree I t e x te nded from the All e ghany mo u
. ntai ns
as far west i n E ast Tennesw e as was h e ld b y th e Co nf e d
e rate arms and no rth
, ward the same I t had bee n the
.

grave yard o f Co n f ed e rate ge ne rals as far as the ir re p uta

ti o ns were conce rn ed o wi ng to the fact that wi tha fro n t
, ,

o f nearl y th ree h undre d mi l es o pe n to i n vasi o ns o f the

e n emy b y ro u tes i mp ossi bl e to guard wh ,e n e ve r i t w as
i n vaded b lame fe ll up o n th e commandi n g ge ne ral andh is
presti ge was de stro ye d It came ne ar bei ng the ru
. in of
Ge n eral Le e whi l e F l oyd Lo ri n g anda nu
, , mbe r of o thers
w e re i nturn re tire d andthe i r future usefulness de stro yed .

I n the latte r part o f F e b ruary Ge n eral B recki n ri dge

assu med co mmand o f the de partme n t wi th head
 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y.

East Te nn essee and Virgi ni a railroad ,

a f ew m i l es

we st of N ew Ri ver O ne o f hi s fl rst acts w

. as to

make a ho rse back tour al on g hi s fro n t, e x te nd in g fro m

Warm Spri ngs on the n ortheast to A i ngd b
o n, i n o l ing v v
a ri de o f thre e hundre d mi l e s w w i n i n try eather H is .

i n fan try co nsi ste d o f tw o b ri gad e s that o f Ge n J o hn , .

Echols, at Mo nroe D rau ght n ear the Gree n b ri er Whi te

,

Su l phur Spri ngs andthat o f Ge n G C Wharto n at the

,
. . .
,

N arro ws o f N ewRi ve r A t Warm Sp ri n gs w

. as a cav

alry bri gad e u nde r Ge n W L J ackso n ando the r de tach

. . .
,

me n ts o f cavalrywere ato ther wi de ly separate sta ti on s o f ,

whi chthe re were si x tee n andwi thwhi ch communi cati o n

was chi e fly b y co uri e r Ge n J ohn H M o rgan who had
. . .
,

re organ ize d th e re mnan t o f hi s co mmand w as i n the vi ci n ,

i ty o f A b i n gdo n andthere also were the b ri gades o f Ge n

, .

tucki ans, whi l e h

o t er bo di es o f cavalry no t n ecessary to

po se d w i th r e fere n ce to sco u ti n g forage andsubsi ste n ce , .

Wi thi n hi s de partme nt were the Wythe coun tyl ead mi n es ,

fro m whichcame the pri nci pal suppl yfor the armi es of the
Co n fed eracy and the : sal t work s at Sal tvi ll e fro m wh
, i ch ,

was deri ve d i n great part the sal t ne cessary f or the who le

So uth east o f the Mi ssi ssi ppi
,
A dd e d to these fe atures
.

was the fact that soo n afte r he too k command Ge n e ral

Lo n gstree t w ho hadoccupi e d that part o f East Te nn e s
,

see no t h e ld b yth e F e de ral force s w as call e d to N orth e rn ,

V irgi ni a i ncreasin g large l y the respo n si bi li ty o f hi s

,

ch arge H is co i ni ng was gre e ted w arml y b y the p

. e op le
o f th at p art o f V i rgi ni a and b y th e tro o p
, s to w h om h is
hi ghre p uta ti o n was an assurance o f an i mpro ve d servi ce .

H e had ho w e ve r no t l o n g bee n i n co mmand whe n the

, ,

camp a i gn i n Eastern V i rgi n i a be gan ando n th e sthd a

y ,

o f May wh en h
, e w as p re pari n g to resist ani nvasi o n f rom

th e Kana wh a vall e y h e re cei ve d a di sp

,
atch from Ge n e ral

Le e w ,
ho was e ngage d i n the battl es o f the Wilde rn e ss,
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

to mo ve at o nce wi thall hi s avallab le fo rce to Staunton

f o r the de fe nse o f that p oi nt, andde f endi t agai nst Si ge l ,

who was mo ving up the She nandoahvalle y B rechi n .

ri d ge starte di mme d iate ly wi thhis tw o infantry bri gad es

f o r a long march o ver the mou ntai ns, andarri ved at

co unty an dthe cade ts o f thVi rgi ni a mili tary insti tute

e

at Lex i ngto n . It was gene rally su ppose dthat he wo uld

fortify andaw ai t Si ge l s advance , b u t on the I 3 thh ut
’
e p

hi s f orce s, numb eri ng ab o ut i ncludi ng a small cav

alf y f o rce u nde r Ge neral I mb o d e n, i n mo ti on to meet

Si ge l, w ho was repo rtedab o ut fif ty miles northward .

O n the e ve ni ng o f the 1 4th he h ad reacheda p o int

wi thin ni ne mi le s o f N e wM arke t, near whi chandto the

northhe learne dthat Si ge l w as cam m d A t one o clock
.
'

th at ni gh t, the w e ath e r b e i ng rai ny, h e march ed n o rth ,

andat d ayli gh t o n the morning o f Su nd ay, M ay 1 sth ,

hi s
i nfantry w as i n li ne o f b attl e j u st so utho f N ewM arke t,
almost w i thi n cannon sho t o f Si ge l b e fo re that ofl i cer
kne w the re was any i nfantry f orce b e tw ee n h i m and
Stau nto n The re w
. as li ttle d elay f o r pre li mi nari es, and

b ynoo nSi ge l, w ho hadab o ut twi ce the numb er of tro o ps

ledb y B recki nri d ge , hadb e e n force dto fall b ack b e yond
N e wM arke t, w he re he too k a stro ng p osi ti o n o nth e crest

of a h i ll fro m whi chthere was a gentle slop e of ne arly a

mile thro ughwhe at fields andb l ue grass pastures Ge n
- -
.

e ral B recki nri d ge w as relu ctant to p utthe cade ts, o f who m

there w e re 3 2 5 , into th e battle andat first p rop ose dto d e

tachthe m as rear gu ardto the trains, b u t the y p lead e dso

earnestly th at h e finally yi eld edandgave th em th e p m

o

of h onor i n th e ce nter, b e tw ee n the tw o b ri gad e s, as a

co lor li ne f o r th e m to d re ss b y
. H e hadb ut one li ne,
b ut his fl an ks we re pro tectedb y a b lu fi b ank o f the She n
and oah o n th e le f t, and sw a mp y gro und at the ri ght .

F ro m the natu re o f the top o grap hy, he co uldno t use at

ti lle ry d ire ctly, b ut asce rtai ning b y reco nno i te ri ng that
he co u ldmo ve i t to an eli gib le o si ti o n o n the ri ght and
p
 C OIVF E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

adva nce e venwi th o r a li ttle i nf ront o f hi s li ne he moved

, ,

hi s c o mmandup whi le wi th the artillery whose fire he

, ,

di re c ted he selecte df o r hi s o w
, np o st th e ri gh t w he re he ,

kep t hi mself i n vi e wo f his troop s andi n sp i re dthe m by

hi s presence The li ne movedi nspi ri te dorder i n the f ace
.

of a g alli ng fire ; w hi le advanci ng hi s arti llery consi sti ng ,

o f te n p i eces, he secu red so me what o f an enfilad i ng or

u n u n he enemy andd i erte dthe i r atten
q ar t e ri g fire po t v
ti o n i n the interest of the inf antry
. I ts e fi ect was fe lt
first b ySi ge l s re se rve li ne , amo ng w hi charose conf usi on,
’

whi ch Si gel so ught to counteract b y a cavalry charge

fro m the le ft o f hi s li ne ; b ut cani ste r soo n repulsedthat,

proac hed to wi thi n a f ewhund red yard s o f th e e nemy

wi tho ut a b re ak i nthei r li ne the e nemygave wayandf w , d

in d i so rder .

Se veral hu nd re d p ri soners w ere cap tured andSi gel , ,

cro ssi ng a b ri d ge a f e wmi le s i n hi s re ar b u rnedi t and ,

made good hi s re tre at nearly to the Poto mac The cas .

ualti e s to th e Co n f ed erate s w e re no t as h e avy as w ou ld

be i nf erre d from the ir e xposedpo si ti on b u t among the ,

cad e ts th e loss w as i n p rop o rti o n to th e ir nu mb e r the

gre atest there having b ee n se ve n k illed andfif ty four -
,

wounded It was a glory dearly b o ught but gave to the

.
,

corp s ap resti ge w hi chw i ll end ure f o r all time N o tro o ps .

of ve teran servi ce e ve r b ore th emse l ves w i thmore ste ad ~

iness or valor or w ere th e ir h o no rs w i thmo re b eco ming

grace General Brecki nri d
.
ge i ssu e da sp e ci al o rde r co m

mendi ng the m f o r the i r goo db e havi or andne xt day Ge n ,

eral Le e reli e ve d o f th
, e d an e r th
g u s ave rtedf rom hi s
flank sent to Gene ral Brecki nri dge hi s hearty co ngratu
,

lati ons.
On the me ni ght the rear o f Lee s li nes b e i ng thre at
sa ,
’

a f ormi d
e ne d b y ab le rai d o f Sheri dan w ho had ap ,

proache dnear Ri chmo nd andat the Yello wT ave rn had ,

numb ered amo ng the dead the vali ant and chi valrous
J E. B .Stua rt.G en e ral Le e di rect
,ed Ge ne ral B re cki n
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

ri dge to mo ve as rap id ly as p ossi b le to H ano ver J uncti on

andp ro te ct the b ri dges over the N orthAnna ri ver Ac .

cord i ngly re li e vi ng the cad

, e ts, h e starte di mmed i a te ly
f or Stau nton andon the morni ng of May rotharri ve dat
,

H ano ver J u ncti on in ti me to save the b ri dges andpro te ct

the railroad The cele ri tyw
. i thw hi chhe hadmoved a nd ,

a pplause throughout all Vi rgi ni a Whe n, a f ew days

.

later the army o f Ge neral Le e falli ng b ack from

, ,

Sp o ttsylvani a Co u rt H o u se reach ed H ano ve r J u

,
ncti on ,

B recki nri d ge not o nlyrece ivedi np erso nth eh earty tha nks

o f th at great command e r butw ,

he neve r he came wi thin
the p re se nce o f th e ve terans o f that grandarmy o f V ir

whi ch rang down the unti l the soundfadedout of

li nes
hearing The y all kne wwhat i t meant andne ver ti red
.

in the o vati o n Andsu

re ly natu
. re has rarely fashi o ned

plause from his f ello w men Of a prese nce andma nly

.

b eari ng whi cheven in the sober garb o f a ci vili an w ou ld

e xci te th e ad mi rati on andattract the attenti o n o f the ve r
i est strange r in the unif orm o f an o ffi cer andsu
, pe rb ly
mounted as he al ways was he w ,
as the ve ry emb od i me nt
of manly grace cou pledwi th i nte llectual f orce Be sides
. ,

hi s name was f amiliar as a householdwordto eve ry man

andw oman o f th e Sou th After b rilliant se rvi ce i n Co n
.

gress f ro m the home o f Clay, w hose mantle hadd e scend ed

wi tha b lessi ng uponhi s shoulders, andwhom e ulo gi um he
hadfittinglyprono uncedi n Congre ss, he hadb een chose n
Vi ce Presi de nt at an age whe n he was bare ly eligi b le
-
.

Se rving his te rm he had go ne from the chai r of the pre

sid i ng o fi ce r to a seat f o r a fu ll te rm i n the Senate after
le ading the forlorn hope as the choi ce o f the Southe rn
pe ople f or Pre si dent To the se ci vi c honors hads uc
.

cee d eda b ri lli ant ser vi ce i n th e army w he re he pro ve d

,

hi s me ri t at Shi lo h M u , rf re esb o ro Chi ckamau

, ga, and
 CONFED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

h
o t er l esser battl efie lds To f e wme n has i t bee n gi ve n.

to show su ch a re co rd at the age o f fo rty th re e years—a -

p e r i o d i n li f e at o nl y th e t h res h o ld o f matu re an d vi g oro u s

manhoo d N earl y a qu . arter o f a ce n tu ry h as e l ap se d

si n ce h e p asse d aw ay and ye t th ere i s no name i n his

,

nati ve State whi ch i n spi res mo re o f ge nui n e admi rati o n

f or hi s su perb manhoo d or whose me mory i s more secure
,

amo ng h er p e op l e than that of J ohn C B re cki nri dge

, . .

Gene ral Le e b y his maste rl y strate gy fo ile d Ge neral

, ,

Gran t w , ho wi th hi s ov erwhelmin g n umbe rs andgreat

,

ab ili ti es as a ge n eral w as u nab l e to ge t n eare r to R i ch

,

mo nd than Co ld H arbo r ; whe re on the 3 d o f J un e he

was repulse d wi tha slaughter rare ly e qual e d d uring the
war while the l oss o f the Co nfe derates reached b ut a f e w
,

hun d re d .Ge n eral B re ck i nri dge occup i e d an i mp o rtan t

i n n h li n f d e fe n se andacqu i ed h i m se l f w i th
p osi t o o t e e o tt ,

his usual meri t H e n arro w l y escape d de ath when his

.

horse was k i ll e d under hi m b y a so l i d ca nn o n sho t and ,

he was i n j ured inthe fall In a f e wdays afte r the battl e

.

he w as agai n o rd e re d wi th h i s di vi si o n to the vall e y to ,

de fe nd i t agai n st the advan ce o f Ge n D avi d H unte r O f . .

these op e rati o n s i t remai n s for o th er p e ns to wri te .

Su fl i ce i t to say that for fou r mo n th s i n co mmand o f a ,

corp su nder Ge n e ral E arly he full y sustai ne d his reputa ,

»

ti o n as an ab l e o ffi ce r H e was co n sp
. i cuo us at the ba ttl e
o f M o n oca cy i n Maryl and J u ly 9th anda f e wda ys late r
, ,

sawthe C ap i to l at Washi ngto n fro m the homes teado f his

relati ve F ran ci s P B l ai r A t th
, . e ba ttl e o f se cond Ke rn s
.

to wn J u , l y 2 6 th he e xecute d a mo ve me n t sugge ste d b y

,

hi mse lf as the resul t o f hi s habi t o f bo ld andthoro ughre ~

conno i te ri ng whi chre su ,

lte d i n a d eci si ve vi cto ry o v e r a
su p e r i or f or c e an d w ,
hi ch a l o n e w o u ld h a v e p l ace d h i m
i n the fro n t ran k o f mi l i tary command ers N ot b re d to .

the p ro fessi o n o f arms a t a p e ri o d wh , e n an e d u cati o n at

West Po i n t was re garde d as a pre re qui si te for mi l i tary

su cce ss h ,
e w as u ndoub te dl y the abl est ge neral fro m the
vo l un te e r se rv i ce, e xce ll e d b y fe wwho had the trad e
 CONFE D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

mark o f the pro fessio n andsupe ri o r to sco re s who clai med

,

di sti nction b y vi rtue o f the ir d ip lomas rather than the ir

meri t o r succe ss i n the field Af te r the battl e o f .

Wi ncheste r Va Se ptemb e r 1 864 i nwhi ch he re nde red

, , , ,

hi s usual se rvi ce he was o rde redhack to the co mmand

,

of h is dep artment re achi ng th ,

ere j u st i n ti me to re p e l an

attack u p on t h e sa l t w o r k s G e n J o
, h n S W i lli.am s ha v .

i ng o p po rtu n e l y arr i v ed w i th a b o d y o f caval ry from Ge n .

J E J o hnston s army andde fe ated B urbridge who com

’
. . ,

mandedthe Fede ral force .

D uri ng the abse nce o f Ge neral Bre cki nridge i n the

She nandoahvall e y Ge ne ral M organhadmade an e x te n
,

si ve rai di n Kentu ckyi nJ u ne ,doi ng mu chd amage b u t su f ,

f e t i ng severelyat M t Ste rli ng andCynth . i ana Hi s co m .

mand was much demoraliz edas the resul t o f this ex pedi

ti o n andb y the su
, bse quentdeatho f i ts di sti ngui shedchi e f .

I n D ece mbe r Ge ne ral B recki nri d

, ge su cce ssfu lly re
si ste d a formi dabl e rai d agai nst Sal tvi ll e le db y Ge ne ral ,

Gi llem w , ho captu red Wyth e vi ll e , b u tw as fo il ed i n his

further desi gns b y the ski ll andene rgy o f Gene ral D uke ,

unde r the personal directi on o f Ge neral B re cki nri dge .

The cold weather was intense andthe mensnfi e redmuch ,

from exposure b ut commlledthe re treat o f the ene my

,

wi tho ut any material resul ts f ro m the raid Ge ne ral .

B re cki nri d ge gave thoro u gh satisfacti o n to the go vern

ment as we ll as the pe o ple i n the admi ni strati on o f hi s
de partme nt The ci tizens o f So uthwest Vi rgi ni a fo und
.

i n hi m a co mmand er w ho resp e cted all th ei r ri gh ts and ,

wi th the fo rces at hi s command be ing chi efly Kentucky ,

cavalry ,p ro te ct e d th em fr o m th e d epr e d a ti o n s o f the

e ne m
y
.

I n the latte r p art o f F e bru ary 1 86 5 Ge neral B rech , , in

ri d ge was ap poi nte d secre ta ry o f war andupo n hi s ac ,

ce p tance hi s mi li tary care er end ed He w as su. c

ce e d ed b y Ge n J o h . n Echo ls a ve teran o fi cer of Sto ne
,
W “ J ackso n s o ri gi nal b ri gade afte rward lo n ide nti fie d
’

?
wi thKentuckyi nthe de ve lo pme nt o f he r rai lro adsyste m
, g
.
 CON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Up on th e e vacu ati o n o f Ri ch mo nd b y Ge ne ral Lee, Ge n

eral E ch o ls march edw i th all his force e astw ard to j oi n

hi m When ne ar Chri sti ansb urg, he learnedo f the sur

.

rende r at A p po matto x H e calleda co u

. nci l o f war, andi t

was de termine d to f urlo ugh the i nfantry, inde fini tel y

ab andonth e w ago ns andarti lle ry, andmarchi mmedia te l y

wi th such cavalry as would go to Ge neral J ohnsto n s ’

army i n N o rth Caroli na . Ge ne ral D u ke and Ge n J C

. . .

Vaughn e lecte d to make the march, whi le General Gi l t

ne r andGe neral Co sby, regardi ng the w ar as p racti call
y
over, co ncl u ded to march toward K e ntucky andre ce i ve
th ei r p aroles th e re if th e i r co ncl u si o n w as co rre ct
. Ao
co rd i ngly o n the n th o f A p ri l, i mmedi ate ly af ter th e

cou ncil cl ose d, the moveme nt b egan Gene ral D u

. ke had
ab out th re e hu nd re d men, b u t the y w ere no t mou nted ,

thei r h o rses be i ng near Li nco l nto n, . N . C , whe re

forag e could b e o b tai ned H i s men were furnishe d
.

wi th horses andmule s fro m the abandoned wago ns and

arti ll e ry, and thu s mo u nte d, wi thout sad dl es and wi th
b li nd b ri dle s, these me n, to ge the r wi th V au gh
'
n s b ri
gad e , acco mp ani e dGe ne ral E ch o l s tw o h undre dmi les to
Sali sb u ry
. H ere the y me t Presi d ent D avi s, w ho was
much touched at the acti on o f these Kentuckians, who
hadthus e lectedto share hi s f ate .

Ge ne ral E chols i nhi s rep o rt made to General Lee, afte r

the su rre nd The b e ari ng o f Gene ral D u ke s

’
e r, says

co mman d, whi chwi thunb roken ranks faced the hardshi ps

of a march w hi chwas l e adi ng the m at e ve ry stepf arthe r
from home andto a de sti nati on full o f danger andnuoe r
tai nty w as b e yondp rai se E ve nhadthey b e e n fu
. llye quip .

pe dthei r he ari ng wo u ld have be e n wo rthy o f praise, b ut

when i ti s re membe re d thatthey were mountedon b are
backe dho rses andmule s wi thb li ndbri dles, andneve rthe
l ess prese rved the same di sci pline andorde r as upo n a
re gu l ar march, the i r co nduct re flects gre at hono r upo n
A fte r a fe w more days the y termi nate dthe i r
"
th em .

mi li ta ry se rvi ce i n the ge ne ral surre nder .

 CH APTE R X IX .

G EN E RAL J O H N STO N S AR M Y IN '

rER w
U AR TE R S Q
G E NE RAL w
B B ATE S U CCE E D S G EN ER AL ER E CK .

m m —
. .

rN R m G E I N co ) 0 F; D l VlSlO N O PEN I N G o r
TH E C AM PAI GN - R OC KY F ACE CAP—B ATTLE o r
—
R ESA CA N EW H O PE C HU R C H AR D U O U S S ER I C E
o r TH E K E N TUCKY B R IGAD E C R OSSIN G o r THE
—
—
V
CHATTAHOOC H EE - ;G E N E RAL noo n SU OCE E D S
J O HN STO N - BATT LES AR O UN D ATLA N TA BA TT LE —
or J O N E SB O R O —FALL o r ATLANTA —SE E R E V
Lo ssEs o r T HE KE NTUCKY BR I GAD E IT IS —
— V
MO UN TED PPS SER ICES IN TH E SE E RE AN ca u
PA IGN AN D FI N AL SU RREN D E R A T WASHIN GTO N .
GL — OTH E R KEN TU C KY CO MMAND S D U KE S AN D —
B R EC KIN RI D GE S
'
B R IG AD ES TH E RETU RN — OF
TH E KE N TU CKI A N S TO T H EI R H O M ES —TH E I R
—
H OS PITA B LE WE LCO ME R E STO R ATIO N TO CITI
—
Z ENSH I P SPEED Y H E AL IN G O F B R E ACH ES .

Vi rgi ni a he was suc

So uthwe ste rn ,

the command o f hi s di vi si on b y Ge n .

Wi lli am B . B ate , Te nnessee , 9 gallant o fi cer u

of . nder

who m the Ke ntuckybri gade se rve d during the campai gn

of 1 86 4 wi thmu tual sati sf acti o n Be si des th
. e Ke ntu cky

bri gade the di vi si o nco mpri se dTyl e r s Te nnessee brigade

'

and Fi nl e y s Fl ori d a bri gade The wi nter at D al to n

'
.

passed q ui e tl y, the mo untainous nature o f the co untry

b etw ee n th at p lace and Chattanoo ga re nderi ng mili tary
mo vements i mpracti cab l e The wi nte r quarters o f the
.

tro o ps w e re co mf o rtable , te nts a nd ru de huts built o f

small l ogs b
y the so ldie rs The rati ons, ho we ve r, we re
.

no t al ways goo d or ab und ant, andcontrastedu nf avo rabl y

wi th those o f the pre vi o us wi nte r i n Te nnessee The .

Sou thw as fee li ng th e exh au sti o ncause d by the ar T he w .

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

b e e f , chi e fl f o m F l o ri da was o f th e l eant ki nd F or

y r , .

age f o r the arti lle ry and transp o rtati o n stock w as also

di fii cult to procure T he health o f the army, ho w

. e ve r,

was go o d, i ts di sci pli ne we ll pre se rved, andthe so l di e rs

“

e nj o ye dma nyamu se me nts i n camplif e, w hi che xpe ri e nce

had suggested

mand of the F edera my The Co nf ederate advance

l ar .

ou tp ost w as Ri nggo l d andi n th e l atte r p

, art o f F e b ru ary

a d e mo nstrati on w as mad e aga i nst i t andth e K e ntu

, cky

bri gade was mo ve d to R ocky F ace Gap, b ut thei r stay

was o f sho rt durati on as the F e de ral f orce s soo n reti re d
, .

N o further d e mo nstrati ons w e re mad e o f se ri o u s ch arac

ter u nti l the first wee k i n M ay w hen the bri ga de was

,

aga i n se nt to R ocky F ace Ga pandth e l o ng camp ai gn o f

the e nsui ng su mme r may b e sai d to have b e gun O n the .

n thi t fell b ack to R esaca where o nthe 1 4thoccurre d the

,

se ve re st e ngage me nt w hi chhadto that time take n pla ce .

A large F e d e ral force attacked th e d i vi si o n i n p osi ti o n ,

andth e b ru nt o f the fight fe ll up o n th e K e ntu cky b ri gad e .

Afte r b e i ng tw i ce he avi ly re p ulsedthe attacki ng f o rce

wi thdre w b ut she lle d the sli ght de fenses o f the b ri gade
,

wi th such e fi ect that fo rty or more o f the b ri gade were

ki lled o r wou nd ed B y succe ssive re treats andmane u
. v
e rs f o r o si ti o n Ge neral J oh nsto nf e ll b ack beyo ndD al las
p , ,

where on the asth at N e w H ope Church anothe r stand

, , ,

was made andan attack upo nH ardee s co rps b y H oo ker s

,
' '

corp s w as re u
p l se d O n th.e a 7 th a p ar t o f th e b r i ga d e

was agai n e ngage d andsucce ssfullycharge dthe enemy s

,
’

li nes B ut the he avi est e nga ge me nt took pl ace on the

.

9 8th wh
, en th e b ri gad e mad e a no tabl e ch arge d ri vi ng ,

the ene my to hi s seco nd l i ne , i n wh i ch the l oss o f b o th

em cers andme n was h eavy .

B y co nti nu ed fl anki ng th e enemy co mp e ll ed Ge ne ral

Johnsto n to co nti nue hi s re trograde mo ve ment unti l at ,

Kene sa w Mou ntai n o n the a7 thd

, ay o f J u ne ano ther se,

ve re fight occu rre d in w hi ch the b ri gade sustai ned i tse lf

Kr u
-
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI T R Y H I S TOR Y A .

wi th i ts usua l gallantry and wi th i ts u sual losses .

O n the 9tho f J u lyGe neral J o hnsto ncro ssed the Cha tta
hoo chee ri ve r f o r the de f e nse o f A tlanta , b ut be fore the re
was another engageme nt he was supe rse ded on the 1 9 th
b y Gene ral H o o d, a nati ve o f Ke ntu cky, w ho at once as
su med anaggre ssi ve po l i cy O n the sad the e ne my was
.

attacke d nem D ecatu r, w hen the Ke ntucky bri gade nu

'
,

de r a terri fic fire , lost i n a f ewmoments nearly one hun

dred andfifty men, the F e derals b ei ng dri ve n from the ir
works and nearly one thousand pri so nersf and se ve ral
p i eces o f artill e ry bei ng cap tu re d O n t he s th o f
. A ugust

ne x t day Gen S D Lee at this

. . .
, time mmandi ng
co

H oo d s corp
’
s to whi ch the bri gade
, te mporari y l was at

The l i e ute nant ge ne ral commanding ta e s pl easure i n

-
k
annou nci ng to the o fi cers and me n o f thi s co rp s, th e

le ndi d co ndu o rti on o f B ate s d arti cu v

'
Sp ct o f a p i i si on, p
larly Tyl e r s ri gade !the Seco nd andFou
b rth K entu
'
cky
re gi ments also M ci pate d , i n su
] sta i ning andre p u lsi ng

onyesterd ay th ree assau l ts o f the e nemy, i n whi ch hi s

loss i n i lle d, ounded and pri som rs was from e i ght
k w
hund red to one th ou sand me n, tw o co l o rs, andth ree o r

four hundre dsmall arms andall o f hi s e ntrenchi ng to o ls

,
.

Ou r l oss w as from fif te e n to tw enty ki ll edandwou nde d .

So ld i e rs who fight wi th the coo lness andd e te rmi nati o n

th at th ese men d i dwi ll alw ays b e vi cto ri o u s o ve r a ny

reaso nab l e nu mbe r Thus the command co nti nu ed

”
.

fighti ng fro m d ay to d ay i n the e ntre nchme nts aro undA t

lanta, and occasi o nally maki ng sorti es, unti l o n the 2 9th
of A u gu st they w e re sent to J o nesboro to re p e l th
,e ad

vance o f a heavy caval ry force andthe re on the rst o f ,

Se ptemb er i n add,
i ti o n to a nu mb er o f ki ll e d and
wo unde d sustai ne d the l oss o f abo ut two hundred capo
,

tu re d . T hus cl ose d the l o ng and ard uo us cammi gn o f

nearlyf o u r month s d uri ng whi chthere hadbe e n no rest
, ,

si nce w he n not marchi ng o r fighti ng , these gal lant sol

 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

di e rs had b ee n po se d to the fire o f arti lle ry andmus

ex

kett y The A tlanta camp

. ai gn was at an e nd T he ci ty .

was evacuate d and Ge ne ral She rman s vi cto ri o us army

,
'

added to the des tructi ve forces o f the e ngi ne s o f war

tho se o f fire , unti l A tl anta w as made th e p i cture o f des

T he bri gade what was le ft o f i t was se nt to Grifii n

, , ,

Ga to b e mo u
, nted i n accordance wi th a l o ng che r
ishe dwi sh I t was ho weve r b ut the skel eto no f that to
.
, ,

bu st body small i ndee d co mp

, are dto i ts o ri gi nal ro ll b e
,

mauga hadde plete d i t whi ch hadl e ft i ts wi nter quarte rs

,
-

at D al to ni n May The hi storyo f the war sho w

. s no su ch

reco rd as th at w hi chattests the devo ti o n o f the Kentucky

b ri gade . Whe n the Ge orgi a campai gn began i t num ,

bere d eleven hundred me n f or duty the remnant o f that ,

force whi ch at M urfree sbo ro wi th i ts full compleme nt o f

ofl i ce rs and artill e ry nu mbe re d five thousand N o w i t .

muste re d le ss than three hundred the actual numbe r o f ,

gu ns bei ng two hund re d and se ve nty e i ght Capt Ed -

. . .

Porte r Tho mp so n, i nh i s hi sto ry o f the K e ntucky bri gade,

page 3 6 3 says :
, The l oss d uri ng the campai gn f ro m
D alto n to J o nesboro i t wi ll b e o b se rved hadbee n e i ght
, ,

hundre dandf orty two no n co mmi ssi o nedo fi cers andpri

- -

vates ki ll ed wounde d and prisoners whi le the loss o f

, ,

o fficers w as p rop orti onate l y gre at O nl y two hund . re d

hadb e en captu re d One hu nd

. re d ande i gh tyrank andfile
had b e e n ki ll e d and at vari o us ti me s five hundre dand
,

thi rty w ou nded so me o f w,

ho m ho we ver hadre co ve re d , ,

andw e re no wp resent Ge ne ral H ard

. e e re po rtedth e loss

o f th e b ri gad e to b e gre ater th an that o f any o th e r i n the

corp s F o r month s th e re h adscarce l y be e n a d ay i n w hich

some w e re no t ki ll e do r w ou nd e d some ti me s fro m f o rty,

to one hund re d andfif ty i n a si ngl e d ay .

Wi ththe f all o f A tlanta be si de s the change i n the serv

,

ice o f the Ke ntu cky b ri gad e f ro m i nf antry to cavalry ,

came also a ne wassi gnment i n th e l i ne o f se rvi ce I t had .

 CON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

up to thi s ti me l ways b e e n attached to

a the army o f the
West kno w
,
n first as the army o f the M i ssi ssi ppi and then
as the armyo f Te nne ssee Bu t no w he n Ge ne ral H oo d
. w
wi th hi s army advance d no rthto atte mpt the capture o f
N ash i lle and to mee t hi s Wate rloo at F rankl in, l e a vi ng
v
"
She rman to prosecute his march to the sea the b ri ,

g a d e w a s d e tac h e d fro m th e army w i thwhi chi t ha dso

long served andle f t as part o f the forlo rnhOpe to i mpede
,

Sherman s p The e ff ect o f the ne wo rde r mo unt

'
ro gress .

i ng the bri gade was i nsp i ri ti ng to the me n as the y had ,

l o ng desi redthe change, andi t meant to the m a re lie f f ro m

the d ru dge ry o f marching andthe grati ficati o n o f an i a
b o rn p arti al i ty o f th e K e ntu cki an f or th e h o rse To the .

ab sentee s o f th e b ri gade th e si ck andw,

ou nd e d andth e ,

me n o n de tai ledse rvi ce i t acte das a he ali ng b alm fo r the

,

first tw o and b ro u
, ght ap p l i ca ti on s f r o m th e l as t f o r t e

tu rn to acti ve du ty 80 that whe n the bri gade was

.

mo unte d i n O cto b er wi thre crui ts fro m thi s so urce and

, ,

e xch anged p ri so ne rs i t nu mbered abo ut ni ne hundred

,

me n The y we re mounte d on such horses as could b e

.

p roc u red ge n,
e rally too
p oo r f o r d a s h i n g c a v a lry b ut ,

avai l ab l e fo r transf e rri ng th e i r ri d ers fro m p o i nt to p o i nt

and e nabl ing th e m to d o e ffi ci e nt du ty as mo u nted in .

f antry T he re w
. as p racti callyno army w i thwhi ch to o p
p o se t he m a r ch o f G e n e ra l S h e rman e x ce p t a w e ak co rp s

o f cavalry co mmand ed b y Ge n J ose p h Whee le r whi ch

.
,

se rve d ch ie fl y to ho ld i n che ck the cava lry o f the e ne my

andto p ro te ct th e co u ntry fro m marau ding e x pe di ti ons .

The b ri gade was p lace di n the d i vi sion o f Ge n Al fred .

Ive rso n o f Ge orgi a and se rved the re to the close o f the

, ,

war the di vi si on a part o f the ti me bei ng co mmandedb y

,

Ge n Pi e rce M B Yo ung
. . . T he d e tai ls o f i ts o p
. e rati o ns

we re no t o f sufi ci e nt mo ment to fo llow mi nutely It .

b e gani ts se rvi ce o nthe p i cke t l i ne near Atlanta andfro m ,

the mi d dle o f N o ve mbe r when Sherman to ok up hi s ,

march i ts move me nts we re re tro grade f or a mo nthuntil

,

She rman cap tu re d Sa vannah Then when he tu

.
,
rned
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

northward, they f o ll owe d o ver the grou nd made famou s

i n the re vo lu ti on b y th e cavalry o f Su mter andM ari o n,

bu t the condi ti ons we re no t f avorab le f or b ri lli ant o p era

ti ons .In add i ti o n to the K entu cky bri gade u nd e r G en

eral L e w i s, Wi ll i ams bri gade o f caval ry, co mmand ed by

’

Col W C P B re cki nri d

. . . .
ge, se rve d as p art o f Ge ne ral

Whe e le r s co rps, be ing attache d to the di vi si o n o f G e n

’
.

G G D i b re ll
. . I t co mp
. ri se d the F i rst ( Th i rd) K e n tu cky
cavalry, Li e ut Col J acob W G ri ffi th; Seco nd K e n
.
-
. .

tu cky M aj Tho mas W Le wi s ; and . .

N inth K entucky cavalry, Co lo ne l B recki nridge I n the .

Re be lli on R e co rds Vol X LV I I, p , age 86 0 , ap

.
p ears an

ord er fro m Ge ne ral H ard ee s h ead quarte rs, J anuary 1 ,

'

1 865 , co nso l i dating th i s b ri gade wi th Ge neral Le wi s , b ut

'

it w as ne ve r carri edi nto c fi ect .

An insp e cti o n rep o rt o f M aj J G D e ve re u x to Ge n . . . .

Samue l Co o p er, Ri ch mo nd, dated F e bruary re , 1 865 , gi ves

the f o llo w i ng acco unt o f the b ri gade : T he b ri gad e

commande d b y B ri g Gen J ose p h H Le wi s i s comp

-
. osed .

of th e Se co nd , Fo u rth, Fif th, : Si xth andN i nth K e ntu cky

'

re gi me nts o f i nf antry, w hi chwere mountedb o thme n and

ofl i cers by co mmand o f Ge ne ral H o o d ,
on p ub li c ani mal s,
mostl yhorse s, b ut manyo f them mules, whi chhave b e en
rece i pte d f or b y the acti ng q uartermaster T he b ri gade .

lacks ab o ut zoo horse s to co mple te i ts mounting The .

me n who need the se ho rses are acti ng as inf antr y The .

ho rse e q ui pments are ge ne rally i n good o rde r andwe re

mo stly i ssued from go ve rnme nt worksho ps A de tai l o f .

the me n i s maki ng u pthe de fici ency b y co nstructing e x

calle nt sa ddles
I t i s grati fyi ng to re p
. ort that th e re are

but f e wab se ntee s w i thou t l e ave fro m thi s b ri gade .

Su ch w as the co nd i ti on o f the b ri gade i n the closing

scene s o f th e war, andth e p i cture appli es as we ll to that
o f the o ther K entu cky troo p s The end was near, and .

ca me at Washi ngto n , Ga , whe re

M ay, Ge n , h
on t e 6tho f
e ral J o hnsto n havi ng su rre nd e re d o n the 3 6 th o f A p ri l,
th e y re ce i ved thei r paro l e s to ge th er w i th B re clti nri d
’

ge s
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

bri gade , an dthe mnant o f Ge neral M organ s co mmand

re
'

b ro ug ht f ro m So u thw e stern Vi rgi ni a b

y G e n e ral D uke,
as he re to f ore d e taile d .

The Thi rd, Se ve nthandE i ghth K e ntu cky re gi me nts ,

whi ch at one ti me o r ano ther we re associ ate d wi ththo se

o f Le w i s b ri gad rece i ve d th a ro les i n th e West
’
e ,
e ir p .

A s has b e e nstate d the ywe re mo unted q

, ui te a ye ar b e fo re
the O rp hanb ri gade andse rved wi thF o rre st O ne o f the i r
, .

mo st no tab l e fights was that at Paducah M arch a sth, ,

1 86 4 i nw
, hi chaf te r a seve re confli ct, Ge ne ral F orrest was
co mp e lle d to re ti re wi th se ri o u s l oss H e re i n si ght o f
.

hi s ho me the gallant Col A P Tho mme n, o f the T hi rd

. . .

Kentucky me t hi s dea th i n the full ti de o f b a ttl e

, , .

A nd thus the curtai n f ell up o n th e gre at d rama w hi ch

fo r fo u r yea rs he l dth e e ye s o f th e w o rld fill e dth ,e so i l o f

the So u th wi th the grave s o f he r sons ando f thei r 0p

po ne nts, and wrappe dthe who l e co untry i n woe andthe

So u th i n de so l ati o n To the K e ntucky soldi e r the e nd
.

b ro ught so rrow e q ual to that o f the more So uthe rn Sta te s ,

si nce th ei r h op es and a ff e cti o ns h adbee n as w arml y e n

li sted i n the cau se f o r w hi chthe y f o ught as those o f any

o th e r State .A t first i t se e me d that the yw ou l db e de ni ed
e ve n th e p ri vi l e ge o f re tu rni ng h o me , as, al th ou gh the
ri gh t was grante d i n the i r p aro le s, th e atto rne
y ge ne ral
-

at Wash i ngton w ,
ho w as a K e ntu ckian, re nd e re dan o p in
i o n that Ke ntucky, M aryland and Mi sso u ri no t b e i ng

wi thi n the So uthern Co nf e de racy, so ldi e rs f rom tho se

States had f o rf e i te d thei r homes andwo u ldno t b e p er

mi tte dto re tu rn Af te r se ve ral wee ks ho we ver, thi s de

.
,
o

ci si o nw as re sci nd ed,
andgradu allyth e w e aryandf oo t

f o und the i r way back to the p ate rn al roo f The we lco me

.

whi chthe re awai ted the m went f ar to repay them for all
the tri als thro u ghwhi ch the y hadgo ne andto e ncou
'

ra ge

the m to gi rd the i r l o i ns f o r a ne wstru ggle i n the mo re

pe ace ful pursui t o f a l i vel i hoo d .

The co nd i ti o n was changedf ro m that w hi chprevai le d

at th e ti ma of th e F ed e ral occu pati o n, andduri ng the war
 C OIVF E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

i ts sco urge an d the o ppre ssi o n of the satraps who had

who le curre nt po l i ti cal f e eli ng Me n who had b e e n

of .

m i n e nt i n h and i n o ve r th e State to F ed e ral d o mi na

p ro g
ti o n and had f avore dthe hangi ng o f so calle d sece ssi o n -

i sta had b e e n se nt to N o rthe rn priso ns f o r pro testi ng

,

agai nst th e op p ress i o n o f B urnsi d e Bu rbri d

, ge andPa]
me r, whi le G arre tt D avi s who had succeeded B re cki n
,

ri d ge i n the Se nate as a reward f or hi s se rvi ces i n shack

l ing the State , was as seve re agai nst the admi ni strati o n
at Washi ngto nas h i s pre de cessor hadbe e n f o ur years b e
fore, andw as as ro u nd ly de nounce das anarch re be l I n -
.

f act the State was as re ady for re vol t u nde r the l e ad er

sh i po f those o nce most l o yal as i t hade ver be e nu nde r the

State rights do mi nati on .

So that inste ad o f co mi ng home to b e di sci p l ined the

So uthern sol d i er w as rece i ved w i tho p en arms as a he ro

b ythose f rom whom he l east ex p e cted su ch w e lco me , and

the parab le o f the p rodi gal so n w as e xemp lifie d The .

fatte d calf was ki lle dandthe ve al was made hi s por ti o n .

At the fi rst e l ecti o nwhi chf o llo wedi nA ugu st 1 86 5 , wi th

,

sol d i e rs at the p o lls and th e re tu rne dCo nf e de rates d is

franchi se d the radi cal p arty w as de fe ated, andtw o ye ars

late r, upo n a platfo rm re amrming the Ke ntucky re so lu

,

ti o ns, Jo hn L H e l m, an oldti me w
.
-
hi g the no mi ne e o f
,

the D e mo crati c p arty d e feate dh i s radi cal o p n n f

, po e t o r

go ve rno r b y a maj o ri ty o f o ve r fif ty si x tho u sa ndvo te s

-
.

Amo ng the fore mo st to gi ve we lco me w as th e F ede ral

sold i e r who havi ng d

, ,
i scharge d his duty o n the fie l do f
battle , was as generous to hi s late foe b ut ne wfri end, as
he ha db ee n b rave The nex t l egi slatu
. re re p e ale dall d is .

franchi sing laws andi n ti me the e x Confe derate s were

,
-

re h ab i l i tate d andf o rmed th e con servati ve e l e me nt i n th e

anti rad - i cal p arty These f acts i n hi sto ry mu

. st no t b e

lost si ght o f and shoul d stand to the glory o f Kentucky

,

as mu ch as th e record o f the mi l i tary valo r o f h e r sons .

D i vi d e do n th e issu es o f th e w ar, andw i thhe r sons co n

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

f ro nti ng h o the r i n the two armi es i t i s a matte r o f

e ac ,

lasti ng co ngratul ati o nthat he r i nte rnal wounds he aled b y

the first i nte nti o n andle f t no scars .The re having b ee n
i n the co nsti tuti o n o f the State a clau se w hi ch prohi bi ted
the gi vi ng or l oani ng i ts cred i t to any co rp o rati o n o r i a

di vidual ,
no b e i ssue das w
bo nds could as d o ne i n many

e ri odo f reco nstru

‘

o f th e So u the rn Sta te s i n th e p cti o n,

andh e nce the re w as no th i ng to attract the horde s o f car

pe t bagge rs andvultures who f atte ned o n the pl under o f
-

less f o rtunate State s, andKe ntucky w as le ft to adj u st h er

ow ni nte rnal afi ai rs wi tho utoutsi d e i nte rf e re nce. I n thi s

way she e scape dthe terrors o f reconstructi on whi chb e .

f e ll the States f arthe r So uth, andpre se rve dhe r auto nomy

undi stur e d, havi ng pe ace wi thin her orde rs, ande njoy
b b
i ng a me asu re o f prospe ri ty i n ple asant co ntras t wi ththe
mi sfortune s andhardshi ps whi chb e f e ll the vi cti ms o f the
greedand vengeance of the ir Oppressors .
 C H A PTE R XX .

D IF FIC U LTY O F CO M PI LIN G M ILI TA RY H I STO R Y O F

K E N T U C KY — M E AG E R O F FI C IAL STA T ISTI C S—O R
G AN IZ E D C O M MAN D S I N CO N F ED E RA TE SE R IC E V
APPR O XIMA TE N U M B ER O F KE N TU C K IAN S I N FED
E RA L AND CO N FED E RATE S ER I C E—LI ST O F CON V .

F E D E RA TE GEN E R ALS FR O M KE N TUCKY—KE N

TU C KI A N S A S SO L D IER S —T H E I R PH YSI U E AN D Q
RE CO R D F O R G AL L AN T R Y— P R O FE SSO R '
SH A LE R S
ESTIMA TE TH E K E N TU C KY OO N F ED E RA T ES
TH E I R H E A Y LO SSES —N U M B ER O F
V B ATTLES
FOU GH T O N KEN TU C KY SO I L—WO RD S O F WI SD O M
FR O M TH E LE AD E R WH OSE D ESTIN I ES WE FO L
LO WE D .

T has b e e n difficul t task to wri te the mi li tary

a

hi story o f Ke ntucky from a Co nfede rate stand

po i nt The f acts that the enl istme nt and o rgani
.

sati o no f th e tro o psw hi chse rvedi n the Co nf ede rate army

were e fi ected wi thout State acti o n andthat the muste r,

roll s h a ve ne ve r b e e n p ub li shed has made i t i mpo ssi b le

,

to wri te wi ththat e xactne ss attai nab le as to the o rgani

sati o n and se rvi ces o f th e vari o u s co mmand s o f o the r

State s, the hi sto ry o f w hi ch i s pre se rved i n the State

archi ve s . For mu ch th at h as b ee n w ri tte n re co u rse has

be e n hadto the o fli ci al co rre spo nde nce andre po rts scat

te rad thro u g h m an y v o l u m e s o f th e R e b e lli o n R e co r d s,

su pp l e m e n t ed b y th e p e rs o na l i n fo rm at i o n o f th e w ri te r

acq ui redduri ng the war .

I n Washi ngton are filed i n co nf u se d mass th e mu ste r

ro ll s cap
, tu re d amo ng th e Co nf ed erate arch i ve s o f the
,

Ke n tucky troops whi ch serve din the Co nfe d e rate army ,

but these are i n no co nd i ti on to furni sha c o mpl e te o r se

cu ra te h isto ry o f the vari ou s co mmand s b e i ng fu
,
ll o f
p p
a l a b l e e rr ors ,bo th o f co m m i ss i on a n d om i ss i on. K en
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

tucky, whose hi story thei r se rvi ce i s as mucha part

of

as that o f th s w
e troo p ho se rved i n the Fede ral army ,

shouldlo ng si nce have hadthese re co rd s pro pe rly co llat

d li mi n e all p arti san fee l ing andth e ma tter

p
ela se to e at ,

sh ou l dno t b e de fe rredunti l those compe tent from pos

sessi on o i th e nece ssary i nformati on for a correct e x ecu

ti o n o f the work shall have p asse daw ay .

F ro m these i mp erfe ct pape rs have be e n taken the f ol

wi ththe name s o f thei r commanders andthe dates o f com e

mi ssi ons no wfo r the first ti me publi shed :

,

Fi rst R e gi ment Kentu cky i nfantry: Th omas H T ay .

lor Co lo ne l Octobe r 1 4 1 86 1 —B l anton D u

, , ncan L i e u , ,

te nant Co lonel O ctober 1 4 1 86 1 —Th

-
,
o mas H Taylor ,
.
,

Li e u tenant Co lone l J u ly 3 1 86 1 —Wm Preston J o hn

-
, ,
.

ston Li eu tenant Co l one l O cto ber 1 4 1 86 1

- Ed ward
ri l 1 9 1 86 1 —
, , , _

Crossland Li e ute nant Co l o ne l Ap

,
B enj ami n -
, ,

Ande rson Maj o r , .

Se cond R e gi ment Ke ntu cky i nfantry: J ames M .

H awe s Co l one l J u ,ly 1 7 1 86 1 —R oge r W H anson Col

, ,
.
,

o ne l 1 86 1 — R o be rt A h n nf i u n ant Col one l J u l

, J o so L e te y.
-
,

1 86 1 — ame s W H e w —
-

1 7 , J i tt M aj or J u l y 7
1 1 86 1 .J ames , , ,

W M o ss M aj o r Li e ute nant Co lo ne l Co lone l—Phi li pLe e

.
, ,
-
, ,

Maj or Li eutenant Co lonel Co lone l— H erve y M cD o we ll

,
-
, ,

Maj or—l H i ggi ns M aj o r , .

Thi rdR e gi me nt Kentuckyinf an try: Llo ydTi lghmm ,

Col o ne l J uly 5 1 86 1 —Albe rt P Thomp

, ,
so n Co lo ne l .
, ,

O cto be r 2 5 1 86 1 —G A C H o l t Co l one l M arch 3 5 1 86 4

, . . .
, , ,

—A lfre dJ ohnsto n M aj or andLi e ute nant Colo ne l—James ,

-

H Bo w. man M aj o r— A l M cGo odwi n M aj or

, .
,
.

F o urth R e gime nt K e ntucky i nf a ntry: R ob e rt P

—
.

T rab u e, Co lo ne l, Se pte mb e r 2 3 , 1 86 1 A nd rew R .

H yne s, Lie u te nant Co lo ne l, Se pte mb e r 3 3 , 1 86 1 -

Thomas B M o nro e , M aj o r, Se pte mb e r 3 3 , 1 86 1 — ose p

.
h J
P Nu
. ckols, M aj or, Li e ute nant Colone l, Colone l Thomas - —
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

W . Tho mp so n, M aj o r, L i e ute nant Co lone l— -

J o hn A .

Adai r, Li e ute nant Co lo ne l oh n B R o ge rs, -

J .

J oseph H . M i ll e tt, M aj o r .

Fif th K e ntucky i nfantry: J ohn S Wi lli ams Colo nel .

, ,

N ovem e r 1 6, 1 86 1 —A nd
b re w
J M ay Co l one l M ay 3 1
.

—H i ram H awki ns
, , ,

1 86 1 1 1 3 ,
Co lone l N o ve mbe r 4 86 , ,

Wi lli am M ynluer Maj o r Li eutenant Co lo ne l—Geo rge W

'
-
, , .

Co nno r M aj o r Li e u
,
te nant Co lo ne l Ri chard H awes
,
-
,

M aj o r .

Si x th R e gi ment Ke ntu cky i nfantry: J osep hH Le wis

Co lone l N o ve mb er 1 1 86 1 —M arti n H Co f e r Li eute n
.
,

, , .
,

ant Co l o ne l N o ve mber 1
- 1 86 1 —Wi lli am L Cl arke M aj o r
, , .
,

and L i eu te nant Colo ne l— Tho mas H H ays M aj o r O c

-
.
, ,

to b e r 8 , 86 1 —G eorge W M ax on, M aj or
1 . .

Se e nth R egi ment Ke ntucky i nfantry: Charle s Wi c

v k
li ff e , Co lo nel, N o ve mb e r 1 , 1 86 1 — E dward Cro ssland,
Co lone l , M ay 3 5 1 863 —Wi lli am D Lanno m, Li e u . te nant .

Co lo ne l—L She rri ll, L i e utenant Colone l—H S H ale ,

.
J .
-
. .

M aj or, Li e utenant Colone l—W J N We lbo rn, M aj or -

. . . .

Ei ghth R egi ment Ke ntu cky i nf antry: H e nry C B ur .

nett Co lo ne l, N o ve m e r 1 1 , 1 86 1 — H B Lyo n, Co l o ne l,
,
b . .

F eb ruary 1 3 , 1 86 3 —A R Shackl e tt, Li eute nant Co l o ne l . .

-

- J
a b ez B i ngh am , M aj o r— R W H enry, M aj o r . . .

N i nthR e gime nt Kentuckyi nf antry: Tho mas H H u nt, .

Col o ne l, O ctob e r 3 , 1 86 1 —J W Cal d we ll, Li eute nant . .

Co lo ne l , M ay 1 5 , 1 863 , Colo nel—J C Wi ckli fl e , M aj o r,

'

. .

May 1 5 , 1 86 3 , Li e ute nant Co l o nel Al e x ande r Cas -

se da y,Li e u te nant Co lo ne l—B e n D esha, M aj o r -

.

Graves B atte ry K entucky arti ll e ry: R i ce E G rave s,

'
.

Capta i n, N o ve mb e r 8, 1 86 1 ; Maj o r .

Lyo n s andCo b b s B atte ry Ke ntu cky arti llery : H B

’ ’
. .

Lyo n, Captai n, Septe mb e r so , 1 86 1 — R o b e rt L Co b , . b

Capta in,
D ece m e r 1 5, 1 86 1 ; M aj or— b
F rank P G race y, .

Co rb ett s B attery Ke ntucky arti llery: C C Co rb e tt

'
. . .

Cumb e rlandarti ll e ry, Ke ntucky: H e nry D G ree n, Cap .

tai n—W H H e d de n, Captai n

. . .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

F irst R e gi me nt Ke ntucky cavalry: Be n H ard

inH e lm ,

Co lo nel, O cto b e r, 1 86 1 , firsto rganiz ati o n—J R usse l B ut . l

ler, Co lo nel , Se pte mb e r 3 , 1 86 3 , se co nd o rganizati o n
J W. G ri .th , Li e ute nm
ant Co l o ne l H C L ea vi ll, L i e u - -
. .

te nant Co lo ne l— Tho mas G Wood

-
ward, Li e ute nant Col .
-

one l—J W Cal d we ll , M aj o r— N R Chamb li ss, M aj o r

. . . . .

Se co ndR e gi ment Ke ntu cky cavalry: o hn H M o rgan, J .

Co lo ne l— B asi l W D uk e, Li e utenant Colo nel, Co lo ne l

.
-

James W Bo w les, M aj o r, L i e ute nant Co lo ne l, Colo nel

.
-

Joh n B H utcheso n, Li e ute nant Co lo ne l— G W M o rgan,

.
~
. .

M aj o r—T B We b b e r, M aj o r. . .

Thi rd R egi me nt Kentu cky cavalry (co nso li d ated w i th

Fi rst cavalry) : J R usse ll B utl er, Co l one l—J ack All en,
.

Li e utenant Co lo ne l—J W Gri ffith, Li eu

-
te nant Co l o ne l. .
-

—J Q Chenowe th, M aj or
. . .

Fo u rth R e gi me nt K e ntu cky ca valry: H enry L G i lt .

ner, Co lo ne l , Octo b e r 6, 1 86 1 — Moses T Pryor, L i e u .

te nant Co lo nel —N athanParke r, M aj or

-
.

F if thR e gi me nt Ke ntu cky cavalry: D H o w ard Smi th , .

Co l o ne l , Se pte mb e r 3 , 1 86 1 —Pre sto n Tho mp son, Li e u

te nant Co lo ne l, Se p
-
te m e r 3 , 1 86 1 —Church ill G Camp b .

be ll, M aj or — Thomas Y B re nt, M aj or, Li e ute nant .

Co l o nel .

Six thR e gi me nt Kentu cky Cavalry: WarrenGri gsb y, J

—
.

Co lo ne l , Se pt 3 , 1 86 3 Thomas W N ap . i er, Li eutenant .

Co lone l—Wi lli am G B u lli tt, M aj o r . .

Se ve nth R e giment Kentucky cavalry: R M G ano , . .

Co lo ne l, Se p te mb e r 3 , 1 86 3 —J M H u fiman, Li e ute nant . .

Co lone l —M D Lo gan, M aj o r andLi e u

. . te nant Colo ne l -

Theo p hi l us Ste e l e , M aj o r .

Eighth R e gi me nt Kentucky caval ry: R oy S Clu ke , .

Co lo nel , Septe mb e r 1 0 , 1 86 z—Ci cero Co l eman, Li eute n

ant Co lo ne l—R o b e rt S B u
-
llock, M aj o r . .

N inthR egi me nt Ke ntucky ca val ry: W C P Bre cki n . . .

¢

ri dg e , C o l o ne l , D e ce m b er 1 7, 1 8 6 3 - R o b e rt G S to ner, .

Li e ute nant Colo ne l— o hn P A usti n, M aj o r

-
J . .

T e nth R e gi me nt Ke ntu cky cavalry: A d am R oh n . J

 C ON F E D E R A TE M I L I TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

so n, Co lo ne l , A ugust 1 3 , 1 86 3 — R M M arti n, C olone l , . .

J une 1 1 86 3— G Washi ngto n O wen, M aj or

. .

M ay 8 B attali on K entucky andVi rgi ni a M o unte dri fl es

ll d l T e nth K e ntu ckycaval ry) A M ay, Co lo ne l

(ca e a so -
.
J .

George R D i amond
.
,
M a j o r, L i e ute nant C o lo ne l — Edwi n -

Tri mb l e , L i e ute nant Co lo ne l, Co lo ne l~

Co x , M aj o r .

El e ve nth R e gi me nt K entu cky caval ry: D W Chen . .

au lt, Colo nel , Se pte mb e r 1 0, 1 86 3 —Jo s T Tucke r,

Colone l , J ul y 4, 1 86 3, — J ame s B M cCreary, M aj or, Li e u
. .

te nant Co lo ne l
-
.

Twe lfth R egi ment K entu cky ca val ry: W W F au lk . .

ne r, Co lo ne l, Se p tembe r 1 5 , 1 86 3—W D Lannom, Li e u . .

te nant Co l o ne l—J ohn M

- M al o ne , M aj o r—Thomas S . .

Tate , M aj o r .

El e venth R e gi me nt K e ntuckyinfantry (known also as

Thi rte e nth re gi ment) : B e nj amin E Ca u di ll, Colo nel , .

N o ve mb e r 3 , 1 86 3 —D avi dJ Caud i ll , Li e u te nant Co lone l.

-

Tho mas J Cheno we th, M aj or

- . .

Fi rst B atta li o n Ke ntu cky cavalry: Wm E Si mms, . .

Li e ute nant Co lo ne l, 1 86 1 — J ohn Shaw

-
han, Maj or and
Li eute nant Co lone l-
.

Se co ndB attal i o n Ke ntu ckycavalry: Cl ar J Pre nti ce . . .

Fi rst B attali o n Kentu cky mo u nte d ri fl e s : B enj ami n F .

B rad le y, M aj or, 1 86 1 —O rvi lle G Came ro n, M aj o r, Sep .

temb er 1 0 , 1 86 3 , Li eu te nant Co lone l -

.

F i rst Sp e ci al B attal i o n cavalry ( D u ke s B ri gade , N o

’

vemb e r 1 0 , Wm W Ward Co lone l R A Alston, . .

,
-
. .

Li e ute nant Co lone l—J G Low

o
e , M aj o r . . .

Se co nd B atta li on K entu cky mo u nted ri fl es : Tho mas

J ohnson, Li eute nant Co lonel, M arch 1 3 , 1 86 3 —O ti s T
-
.

T enny, M aj or .

Se c ond Sp eci al B attal i oncavalry (D u ke s B ri gade , 1 86 4)

’

Ri chardC Morgan , Colo nel—O P H amilton, L i eute nant

. . .

Co lo ne l—J T C asse ll, M aj or

. . .

Thi rd B attali on Kentu cky M ou nte dri fl es : E ze ki e l F .

C lay, Li eute nant Co lone l, N o ve mber 7 , 1 8 6 3 — Pe ter M

- .

E ve rett, M aj or—J o hn B H ollo w ay, M aj or . .

 C ON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Thi rd Spe ci al B a ttali o n caval ry ( D uke B ri gade , N o

’
s ‘

ve mb er 1 0, Jo se ph T . Tucke r, Co l o ne l—T W . .

N api e r, Li e ute nant Co lo ne l -

.

Comp entucky Sco u

an
y o f K ts : Thomas Qui rk , Cap
tain, 1 86 3 .

Ind epe nde nt Co mp any Ke ntu cky cavalry: B a rt W .

J e nkins, Captain .

J essee s B attal ioncavalry (af terwards SixthBattal i o n)

’

Geo rge M J essee , Maj or

. .

I ndepend e nt Co mp any Kentu cky caval ry: Thomas G .

Woodward, Captai n, A ugust 3 5 , 1 86 3 ( A fterwards known .

Le w i s, M aj o r ) .

I nd epe nd ent Co mp any Ke ntu cky ca alry: ames M v J .

B o l i n, Ca p tai n, N o ve mb e r 3 1 , 1 86 1 .

Ki ng s Cavalry B attal i on: H Clay Ki ng, Maj o r

'
. .

I ndepe nde nt Co mpany Ke ntuc y k cavalr

s .
J . Mur

Morehead h d, Co l onel
'
s Parti san R ange rs : J . C M ore
. ea .

Patton s Parti san R angers : O l i ve r A Patton, Li eu

'
.

te nant Co lo nel
-
.

B uckner Gu ards (assi gned to Ge n P R Cleburne

’
. . . s

Fi e l ds, Captai n, A ugust 1 , 1 86 3 .

Co mp any o f Ke ntu k
c y Parti san Rangers : Phil M .

part o f K e ntu c i ans o f w k

hi chthere is no o ffi ci al reco rd; as
B yrne s b atte ry o f artille ry, whi ch though first o rgan
'

i se di n M issi ssi ppi , was corn pose do f ando ffi ceredb y K e n

tucki ans almost e xc lusi vely andwon distincti oni nthe ser
,

vi ce ; besi de s many o thers le ss kno wn K entucky co ntri .

b ute d to the Co nfed e rate army a large nu mb e r o f ab l e

andd i sti ngui she do fi ce rs so me o f whom f rom the ir re si
,

de nce di te d to o the r State s, b ut most o f whom

a re cre

we nt di rectly fro m Kentucky The fo llo wi ng i s the l i st .

wi ththei r rank
 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

Ge ne ral A l b e rt Si d ne y J o hnsto n ( Te x as )
Li e ute na nt G e ne ral S i mo n B o li var B u
-
ckner .

Li e ute nant Ge ne ral J o hn B H oo d( Te x as)

-
. .

Li e utenant Gene ral R i chard Taylor ( Lo u

-
i si ana) .

M aj or Ge ne rals J o hn C B re cki nri d

- .
ge , G eo rge B C ri t .

te nd e n, Wi l li am Pre sto n, G u stavu s W Smi th . .

B ri gad i e r Gene rals J o hn H Mo rgan, D ani e l W A d

-
. . am3 .

( Lo ui siana) , R o ger W H anso n, B asi l W D uke , Ab ram

. .

Bu fo rd, Ge o B Co sb y, J o hn S Wi lli ams, J ame s M

. . . .

H awes, B e n H ardin H e lm, Geo rge B H o d .

g e , C lai b o rne

F . J ackso n ( M i ssouri ) , J oseph H Le wi s, Samue l B . .

M axe y ( Te x as) , H B L yo n, R andall L G i bso n ( Louis

. . .

iana) , Thomas H Taylo r . .

The nu mbe r o f the rank and file i n the Co nf e de rate

armycanonlyb e e sti mate d ,b
ut the total numbe r o f o fl i cers
and me n o f all arms i s co mp uted b y tho se most com
pe te nt to j udge at and re p re se nts stri ctly a vo l

unte e r fo rce fre e f ro m the call o f any State or nati o nal

au thori ty o r the o fi e r o f any bo u nty or co nti nge nt p en

si on. Inste ado f such i nduce me nt the mo st o f the m

we nt i n the f ace o f laws o f e xpatriati o n, the vi rtual co n
fisca ti on o f the i r p ro p e rty, i nd e fini te se p arati o n fro m

thei r fami li e s, and w i th the f ulmi nati o n o f State and

nati onal wratho f the pe nal ti e s o f treaso n rese rve d f or
them . R are ly has su ch a sp e ctacl e b e e n p re se nted o f
me n making suchsacrifice fo r the i r co nvi ctio ns .

That there w as si mi lar h ero i smamo ng th o se w ho cepo u s

edthe F ed e ral ca u se i s read i lyad mi tte d, b ut i n the i r case

th ere w ere many i nd uce me nts b esi de s those o f mere prin
ci p le , and thi s to ge ther w i th the p ro te cti o n a ff o rde d f o r

e nli stme nt, th e i nfl ue nce o f the prese nce o f a fri e ndly

arm , and th e re a ter r e la ti ve stre n g th f t h o p p o s i ng
y g o e

go ve rnme nts, w e ll acco u nts f o r the gre ate r nu mb er who

we re enro lled in the F ede ral army Thi s has b e e n e sti .

mate d at andi nclu de s no t o nl y those who thre w

the mse lves i nto the bre ach f ro m p ri nci p le , b ut also
ne gro e s, su bsti tute s, draf te dme n, those secure db y means
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

of li b e ral bounti es d re crui ts drawn f ro m the S tate s

, an

i mme d i ate l y north as i n the F i rst andSe co ndi nfantry

,

andth e Th i rd i nf antry re cru i ted l arge ly in O hi o and In

,

di ana andcre di tedto K e ntucky .

Whatever mayb e sa i do f the characte r o f the me nwho m

K e ntuckyf u rni sh e d to the Co nf e d e rate army th e F e de ral
,

stati sti cs o f the w ar sh o w th at j u dged b y all the kno wn

h i l h F d l oo p s fro m Kentu k xce ll ed
py s ca te s ts t e , e er a tr c y e

tho se o f all o the r Sta tes I n the hi sto ry o f K e ntucky b y

.

Pro f N S Shale r pu
. . . b li shed i n the Co mmo nwe alth
,

seri es i s ex h
,
i b i te d p age 3 7 3 a tab l e o f me asu
, , rements o f

Ame ri can whi te me n co mpi led fro m the re p o rt o f th e

Sani tary Co mmi ssi o n made fro m me asu ,

re me nts o f th e

U ni te d States volunte e rs du ring th e ci vi l w ar b y B A , . .

Go u ld I n i t i s gi ve n the nati vi ty o f nearly o ne mi lli o n

.

me n who se rve d i n the F e de ral armi es the i r he i ght , ,

we i ght circumf e re nce o f che st andhe ad andthe pro po r

, ,

ti o n o f tall me n i n e acho ne tho u sand Ananalysis o f the

.

tab le sho w s th at K entu cky and Te nnesse e whi ch are ,

gro up e d toge the r e x ce ed i n e ach p

,
arti cu l ar those o f
e ve ry o th e r Sta te andf o re i gn co u ntry, e xce pt that Scan
di navi a sho ws an e xce ss o f 05 o f an i nchi n the ci rcum .

f e rence o f the head There w . as no su ch te st mad e as to

the p hysi cal pro perti es o f the K e ntuckia ns i n the Co nfed

e rate se rvi ce bu t the te sti mo ny o f Pro f e sso r Shal er a
, ,

na ti ve K e ntu cki an w ho was a gallant F e de ral so ld

,
i e r and
who f o r mo re than a quarte r o f a ce ntury has fille dthe
ch ai r o f A gassi z at H arvard u ni ve rsi ty as to the o the r
,

me ri ts o f the Co nfede rates f ro m Ke ntucky i s we ll wo rth ,

no ting i n this co nne cti o n Pro f essor Shale r hadno ted

.

the f act that Ke ntuckyw as p eo p le dmo re d i re ctly b y p er

so ns o f p ure E ngli sh b loo d and had l ess pro p o rti o n o f

f ore i gn b o rn p op ul ati o n than any o the r State i n the

U ni o n the sta ti sti cs o f the e le venthce nsu
, s sh ow i ng l e ss
than si x ty tho usa ndo u t o f a to tal o f ne arl y tw o mi lli o ns .

H e the n says o n the sub j ect und er consi d e rati o n

T he re b e l e xi l es w ho b rave d all co nseq ue nces and

 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

f o rced thei r way thro ugh the l ine s to

f orm M o rgan s ca v ’

alry, th b
e Fi rst ri gade o f i nf antry, the co mmands o f M ar
shall and o th e rs, andth e earl i est o l u v
nte er F e de ral re gi

ments, were pro b ab ly the supe ri o r e l eme nt o f these Ke n .

tucky contri b u ti o ns to the war They we re the first

.

runnings of the press , d naturally had the pe cul iar

an

u h a e m o re cl earl marke dth an th e l ate r

q y a li t o f t e i r vi n t g y
pro duct, when the mass became more turgi d wi th con
scri p ts, su b s ti tu te s andbo u ntyvolu nte ers H adthe meas
.

ure me nts andclassi fiedresults appli edo nl y to the re pre

se ntati ve na ti ve e le ment, the stand ardo f average o f man

hoo d wo u ld have be e n sho wn to b e pe rce pti b ly hi ghe r .

Thou g h th e a nces to rs o f th e se sold i e rs hadbee n figh ting

pe o ple , yet f or f o rty years the ir chi ldre n hadkno wn and

f o llow e do nl y th e p e ace fu lp ursui ts o f agri culture andthe
i ndu stri e s o f trad e p e cu l i ar to the co mmo nwe alth, wi th
the li mi tede xcep ti on o f the M exi can w ar i nterl u de whi ch
,

made an i nco nsi de rab le draft o f a fe wthousand volun

tee rs d uri ng i ts b ri e f ex i ste nce The y may b e sai dto have
.

b ee nwho lly u nuse d to the spi ri t andu ntu to red i n the arts
of w ar. Ye t the i r recordo f b o ldanddari ng ski ll o f he ro i c ,

co u rage , ando f i nd o mi tab l e e nd urance , was e q ual to that

o f th e be st tro o p s o n e i th e r si d e o f th e comb atants i n thi s

gre at ci vi l war, andcertai nl y unsu rp asse db y the so ld i e rs

o f Eu ro p e o f th e p re sent o r any p ast age
. Take f o r i l
l ustra ti o n o n the o ne si de the fo rce o f M organ and we ,

findi n thi s remarkab le bo d y me ngre at capaci ty at once

o f
for d a shandend urance I ts leader, sudde nly i mpro vi se d
.

fro m the ranks o f ci ti ze nshi p ,

no t o nly o rgani ze d ,
ali gne d

andle d th i s sp le nd i dsq uadron, b ut posse sse d the i ntui

ti ve g e ni u s to d e ve l o pa new f ea tu re i n the art o f w ar,
i nwhi ch was a rare co mbi nati o n o f vi gi l ance dari n fe r , g
ti li ty o f re so u rce andan i mp
, e tuou sp owe r o f hurli ng all
the husb and e d fo rce o f b o d y andmi nd i nto a peri o d o f
ce ase l ess acti vi t .
y Thei rs w as th e cap aci ty to b re ak
throug h the l ine s o f the ene my, to l i ve f o r wee k s i n an
tmos p he re o f b attle fighti ng andde stro ying b y day, and
au L
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y.

marching b y ni ght de plo yi ng i n fro nt o f the e ne my or

,

a ttacki ng hi s li ne s and p o sts f ar i n th e re ar a lif e th at ,

o nly me n o f th e to u g h e s t a n d fi n e s t fib e r ca n e n dure ; ye t

this fo rce o w ed i ts p e cu l iar e xcellence as much to the

quali ti e s o f the men andthe subordi nate cfii ce rs as to the
di stingui shedl eade r .

“
Such a l i st o f sup e ri o r su bo rdi nate commande rs as
B asi l D u ke H yne s D H oward Smi th, Gri gsby, Clu
, , . ke ,

Alsto n Ste e l e G ano Castleman C henau

, , ,
lt B re nt and
, , ,

o th e rs w as p
,
e rh ap s fo u ndi n no o the r b ri gade o f K e n .

tu cky cavalry Ye t at the he ado f the i r re gi ments and

.

b ri gad es su ch l e ad e rs as Wood f o rd G ree n Clay Smi th , ,

H o b so n ando thers sho wed q ,

uali ti e s o f a hi gho rde r and ,

the i r command s p ro ved to b e th e most e fi ecti ve ca valry

o f the w ar The fighti ng o f the F e d

. eral regi me nts o f

K entu ckyi nf antry andcavalry th ro u ghout the gre at cam ~

pai gns and b attles o f the war showed the me n to b e

posse sse do f the hi ghest so ldi e rl yq uali ti es ; b ut so merged
we re they i n the gre at U nion armi e s and so l i ttl e o f di s ,

ti ncti ve K entu cky h i story has b e e n co llatedor pu blished

o f these that w ,
e findi t d i ffi cu l t to illustrate wi ththe re .

"
co u nt o f the i r e x ce pti o nal se rvi ce s .

A gai nat p age 4 7 6 h e says : The most marked e xamp

,
le
o f th e ch aracte r andsu ccess o f th e K e ntu cky tro op s in th e

Co nf ed erate i nf antry se rvi ce h as bee n gi ve nu s i n th e w e ll

prese rved hi sto ry and stati sti cs o f the F irst K e ntucky

Co nf e de ra te bri gad e We have already no te dthe dari ng
.

and gallantry o f th ese tro o p s i n th e b attl es of D o ne lson ,

o f Sh i loh o f B ato n R ouge o f Chi ckama uga, a ndo ther

, ,

co nfl i cts to D al to n G a in M ay 1 86 4 O n the autho ri ty

, , , , .

o f G e n F aye tte H e w
. i tt thi s b ri gad e march
, ed o u t of
D alto n e l e ve n hu ndred and f o rty stro ng o n the 7 th o f
M ay T he ho spi tal re p orts sho w th at upto Se te mb e r
.
p
xst no t q
, ui te fou r mo nths, e i gh tee n hu nd re dandsi x ty

wo unds we re take n b y thi s co mmand Thi s i ncl ude s the .

ki lle d b ut manywe re struck se ve ral ti mes i n o ne e ngage

,

me nt i n whi chcase the wounds were co u

, ntedas o ne In .
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

two ba ttles ove r 5 1 pe r ce nt o f all we re ki ll edo r wo unded .

Du ri ng the ti me o f this mpai gn there we re no mo re

ca

than te n dese rti ons T he camp

. ai gne nd ed w i th two hu n
dred and f o rty me n ab l e to do duty; l e ss than fif ty were
wi thout wounds I t wi ll b e re me mberedthat thi s cam
.

i n w a t a ti me w h e n the h op e s o f th e Co nfe de rate

pg a as

armi es w e re w e ll ni ghgo ne , andth ey w ere fighti ng ami d

the d arkne ss o f d e sp ai r .

Prof Shaler ad
.
ds tha t e x cludi ng the l o ss i n the many
smaller fights b e tw , ee n th e home gu ard s ando th e r i rre g

ul ar troo ps and the rai di ng parti e s o f the Confederates ,

I t i s e sti mated that i n the two re gu l ar armi es the State

lost appro x imately thi rty five thousand me nb ywounds i n
-

b attle and b y d
,
i se ase i n hosp i tal s and e lse w here co n ,

tractedi a battl e To the se may b e ad

. ded se veral thou
sandw hose l i ves were sacri fi ce di n the State f rom i rre gul ar
cau ses The re must b e adde d to thi s sad re ckoni ng o f
.

co nse q ue nce s the vast numbe r o f me n who were shorn o f

the i r li mb s afli ctedw
, i th i nte rnal di se ase b re d b y camp
and march o r aged b y sw
, if t e xp e nd i ture o f force th at

su ch w ar d e mand s O mi tti ng many small e nco u

. nters
andi rre gu la r e ngagements i n whi ch there was muchlow
o f li fe b u
, tw hi chhave no pl ace i n our hi stori e s Capt L , . .

R H aw
. thorne i n a manu scri p t su mmary o f the hi story o f
the w ar enu me rate s one hundredandthi rty e i ght comb ats -

wi thi n the b o rde rs o f K e ntucky ”

.

In co ncl usi on the wri te r cheri shi ng i n vi vi dmemory

, ,

the d ee d s o f th e Sou th i n i ts stru ggl e against great

od d s ye t w
, i tha fee li ng vo i do f all bi tterne ss towardthose
to w ho m i t had to yi eld, andl ooking f orwardo nly to the
f utu re glory o f a u ni te dre pu b l i c, knows no t ho w he can
mo re fi tti ngly cl ose hi s wo rk than i n q uo ti ng the words o f
o ne w hose pure li f e was sancti fiedb ythe suff eri ngs b e e n
dure df or hi s peo pl e , andwho b y f o rti tude unde r affli cti o n
W rtmg e ven fro m hi s e ne mi e s a tard yre co gni ti on o f his e x
a l ted vi rtu es T he y are the closi ng l i ne s o f
. The Ri se
a ndF all o f th e C o nf ed e rate State s b y J e ff erson D avi s
,
.
 CO N F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

The want o f space mpe lledme to o mi t a no ti ce

has co

o f ma ny no b l e d ee d s b o th o f he ro i c men andw o men .

T he ro ll o f ho no r me re ly wou ldfi ll mo re than the page s

allo tted to th is w o rk . To o the rs w ho can say m uch:
q u oru m m
'

d r,
I
'

m u st l eav e th e p l easant task o f pa yi ng

the tri b u te d ue to the i r associ ate pa tri o ts I n asse rti ng
.

the ri ght o f se ce ssi o n i t has no t b e e n my w

,
ishto i nci te
to i ts e x e rci se I re cogni z e the f act that the w
. ar sho w ed

i t to b e i mp rac ti cab l e , b u t thi s di d no t p ro ve i t to b e

wro ng ; and no w that i t may no t b e agai n te mptedand

,

that the U ni on may p ro mo te th e ge ne ral w e l f are i t i s

,

nee d ful that the truthsho ul db e known so that cri mi na

,

ti o nandrecri mi nati o nmay f o re ve r ce ase , a dthe n as the

n ,

b asi s o f f raterni ty and f ai thf u l re gard f o r the ri ghts o f

the Sta tes there may b e w
, ri tte n o n th e arch o f th e
U ni o n Esto p e tu
‘
e rp
’
, a .
 A PPE N D IX A .

PR O V ISIO N A L GO V E R N M E N T O F K E N T U C KY .

O n the 1 8th o f N o ve mb e r, 1 86 1 , a so vere i gnty co nve n

ti o n was he ld i n R u sse ll vi lle , K e ntucky, at w hi ch two
hund re d me mb e rs w e re p re se nt, f or th e purpose o f f o rm .

i ng a State go vernment f a vora l e to a u ni o n wi th the

b
So uthern Co nfede racy I t re mai ne di n sessi o n three d
. ays

and ad op ted a co nsti tuti o n w hi ch pro i de d f o r a pro v

v v
vi si o nal go ernment, e sti ng all e xecuti e andl egi sla ti e v v
p we rs
o i n a co unci l o f te n, the co u
nci l to fill vacanci e s .

The e xi sting consti tu ti on a nd law s ere d w

ec lare dto b e

i n force e x cept where i nco nsi stent wi th the acts o f that

J ohnso n , of Scott co unty, was e l ecte dgo ve rno r ; R obe rt

McK ee , of Lo ui svi l le , se cre tary o f state , and O rl and o F .

Payne , assi stant secre tary o f state ; The od o re L B u rne tt, .

o f Sp ence r co u nty, tre asu re r, w ho resi gne d D ece mbe r

1 1 th,
and
J B. B.ur n ham ,
o f Warren co u n ty, w as ap oi nte d
: p
i n hi s place ; Ri chard H awes, o f B o urb o n cou nty, au di
tor, wh o re si gne d ,
andJ osh ua Pi llsb u ry w as ap poi nted i n
hi s place A F rank B rown, o f Bo urb o n co unty, was
. .

ch ose n cle rk o f th e co u nci l ; J o hn B Thomp so n, Jr , o f

. .

Me rce r co u nty, se rgeant ato m s, andWalte r N H alde

-
.

man, o f Loui svi lle , State pri nte r A no rdi nance o f sece s
.

si on w as adop te d, and H e nry C B u rne tt, Wi lli am E

. .

Si mms andWi lli am Pre ston were sent as co mmi ssi o ne rs

to R i ch mo nd, and o n the xo thday o f D ece mb er, 1 86 2 ,
the Co nf e de rate C o ngre ss ad mi tted Ke ntucky as a me m
b e r o f the Co nf ede rate S tate s Bo w
. ling G re en was made
the ne wse at o f go ve rnme nt . The f ollo wi ng ex e cuti ve
cou nci l was cho se n: W i lli s B Mache n, presi de nt; J o hn
.

W Crocke tt, Phi l i pB T hompson, J ames P B ates, J ame s

. . .
 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

S C hri sman, E l i j ahB u

. rnsi de , H W B ruce , E M B ruce , . . . .

J ames M Thorn , andGe o B H od ge , who resi gned and

. . .

was succee d e d b y Samue l S Sco tt . .

The fo ll o wi n g w e re e l ecte d re prese n tati ve s i n the Pro

vi si o nal Co ngre ss f ro m the se ve ral di stri cts : F i rst H en ry ,

C Bu. rn e tt ; Se cond J o hn Thomas ; Thi rd The od o re L

, , .

Bu rn e tt ; F o u rth Ge o W E w i n g ; Fi f th D an i e l P Wh
,
. i te ;.
, .

Si x th Tho mas J o hn so n ; Se ve n th Samu

,
el H F o rd ; , .

E i ghth Tho mas B M o nroe Sr ; N i n th J ohn M E ll i o tt

,
.
, , .

Te n th Ge o B H o d ge
, . . .

T he co u n cil d i vi d e d the State i n to twe l ve di stri cts and

v d e d f o r an e l e cti o n b y th e Sta te at l arge o f n
p r o i p e rso s

to re p rese nt the se di stri cts i nthe first p e rman e n t Co ngress

o f th e Co n f e d erate State s O n the de si gn ate d d ay vo ti n g .

pl ace s w e re fix e d and the e le cti o n was he ld i n all the

co u nti es wi thi n the l i n es o f the Co n fed e rate army re sul t ,

i ng i n the cho i ce o f the fo ll owi n g : F i rst d i stri ct Wi lli s ,

B Mache n ; Se co nd di stri ct J ohn W Cro ck e tt; Thi rd

.
, .

di stri ct H en ry E R e ad ; F o urth di stri ct Ge o W E wi ng ;

, .
, . .

F i f th di stri ct J ame s S Chri sman ; Si x th di stri ct Theo

,
.
,

dore L B urn e tt ; Se ve n th distri ct, H W B ruce ; E i ghth

. . .

di stri ct Ge o rge B H o dge ; N i n th di stri ct E M B ruce ;

, . . . .

Te n th di stri ct J ame s W M o o re ; E l e ve n th di stri ct

, .
,

R o be rt J B re ck i nri d ge Jr ; T we lf th d i stri ct J o hn M
.
,
.
, .

Ell i o tt These ge n tl e me n se rv e d i n the first re gul ar Con

.
e

fe de rate Co ngre ss O f the n umbe r M e ssrs B urne tt H

.
, .
, .

W B ruce andB reck in ri d ge survi ve 1 898 M r M ache n

.
, . .

was af te rw ards U ni te d States se nato r 1 8 7 3 ; J o hn M E l , .

li o tt j u dge o f the co urt o f appe als 1 87 8 andH W B ruce

, , , . .
,

ci rcu it ju dge o f the Lo ui svi ll e ci rcui t court 1 868 7 3 and ,

-
,

chan ce ll o r o f th e Lo u i svill e chan ce ry co u rt 1 8 7 4 80 ,

-
,

w hi l e Geo B H o dge andR o be rt J B re cki n ri dge se rved

. . .

as Sta te se n ators and J ames S Ch ri sman as re p re se n t

’

, .

In 1 86 3 the fo ll owi ng were e l ected andse n t as me mbers

of the seco nd p e rman e n t Co n gress : Fi rst di stri ct Wi ll is ,

B . M ache n ; Se co nd di stri ct Ge o W Tri pl e tt ; Thi rd , . .

 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R ? H I S TOR Y .

di stri ct, H enry E R e ad; F o urthdi stri ct G e o W E wi ng

.
, . .

F if th d i stri ct Jas S Chri sman ; Six th d

,
. . i stri ct T heodore ,

L Bu. rne tt ; Se ve nth d i stri ct H W B ruce ; E i ghth d

, . is .

ui ct H umphre y Marsha ll ; N i nth di stri ct E M B ruce ;

, , . .

Tenth d i stri c t J ame s W M oore ; E le venth di stri ct Ben

,
.
, .

F B rad
. le y; T we l f thdi stri ct J o hn M Elli o tt M r Brad
, . . .

le y afte rward s se rved as State se nator .

e lecte H enryC B u
d rne tt andWill i am E Si mms se nators
. .

to the Co nfe d e rate Co ngre ss, and th e y se rve d thro ugh

the w ar Up o n th
. e d e ath o f Go v Ge o rge W oh.nso n, . J
who f e ll on the seco nd day at Shil o h, whi le fighti ng
i n the ranks, the l e gi slati ve co unci l e lecte dH o n R i chard .

H awes hi s su ccesso r Whi le the State was occupi e db y

.

H awes was i naugurate d wi th due fo rmali ty , an d he de

O cto er 4, 1 86 2 , b ut the e vacu

b ati o n o f th e p l ace the same
a fternoo n p re ve nte d hi s pe rf ormance o f any o f the f u nc
ti o ns o f go ve rnor e xce p t the occu p i n o f th e e x ecu
'

a t o ti ve

j udge of B our bo n county f or manyyears .

 APPEN D IX B .

Ge n A l b e rt Si d J ond ence w
'
. ney ohnsto n s co rre sp i th
Presi d ent D avi s i n re gard to h i s op e rati ons i n K e ntucky,

hi s re treat f ro m B o wl i ng G ree n, the capture o f D o ne lso n,

and the e acu v
ati o n o f N ashvi lle , ab o as to h i s future

pu rp oses, i s gi ven here .

1 c
‘
r o raas wsur nm s .

H untsvi lle M arch 7

, , 1 1 a m
.

Your di spatch i s j ust rece i ve d I se nt Co lo ne l Li d

. de ll
to Ri chmo ndo n the 3 8th u lt wi th the o fii ci al repo rts of
.

Gene rals F loydandPi llo wo f the eve nts at D one l son, and
su pp ose he mu st have arri vedb y th i s ti me I al so se nt .

b y hi m a di spatchco ntai ni ng my pu rp oses f o r the d e f e nse

o f the valle y o f th e M issi ssi ppi andf or cc o p e rati ng or -

uni ti ng wi th Ge neral B eaure gard, who has b een urgi ng

me to co me o n .

The sto re s accumuatedat l Mu rfreesb o ro , th e p ork and

pro visi ons at She lb yvi lle ando the r po ints, andtheir nece s
sary p ro te cti o n andremo val, wi th th e b adroad s andi a
cle ment w eath er, h ave ma d e the marchslowandlab o ri
ou s and d e laye dmy mo veme nts The gene ral cond
. i ti o n
o f th e troop s i s goo dande fi ecti ve , tho u gh the i r health i s
i mp ai red b y the u su al campd i so rd ers anda w i nte r ca m
lgu The f all o f D o ne lson di shearte nedso me o f the
g a .

e nnessee tr00 p s and cau se d many d ese rte rs fro m so me

o f the re me nts, so that gre at care was r ai re dto i n
'

sp i re co n d ence I no wco nsi de r the to ne 0 the tr00 p

. s
restore d andth at th e y are i n good o rd er The ene my
vi lle , w
.
,
are ab o u t stro ng at N ash i th re i nforceme nts
arri vi ng . M y rear gu ard u nd e r Ge neral H ard ee i s ro
tee ti ng the re moval o f su ppli es fro m She lb yvi lle ast .

e ve ni ng h is p i cke ts were ne ar Mu rfree sboro , b u t gave no

i nf o rmati on o f an advance b y the e ne my The re are no .

s o f ani mmed i ate mo ve ment b y the e nemy fro m

N ashvi lle I have no f ears o f a mo ve ment throughTe n
.

nesse e o n Chattanooga West Te nnessee i s menaced b y

.
 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

he avy f orce s . M y adva nce wi ll be O ppo si te D e ca tur on

Su nday .

A S
. .
Jo nx sr o s .

To Pre si de nt D avi s, R i chmo nd .

L E TTE R F R O M PR ES ID E N T D A V IS T O G EN ER A L JO H N ST O N .

R i chmo nd , Va , M arch 1 2 , 1 86 3 .

M y D e ar Ge neral T he de p artu re o f Ca p tai n Wi ck

li lf e o ff e rs an o ppo rtu ni ty o f whi chI avai l myse lf , to wri te
m
,

uan uno ci al le tte r We have snfi e redgrea t anxi e ty

.

ca u se o f re ce nt e ve nts i n K e ntu cky and Te nne sse e ,

and I h ave b e e n no t a li ttle d i stu rb e db y the re p e ti ti o n

o f re fl e cti o ns u po n yo urse lf I e . ted o n to have
made a f ull repo rt o f the e ve nts pre ce e nt an co nse q ue nt
to the f all o f F o rt D o ne l so n I n the me anti me I made
.

f o r yo u su ch d e f e nse as f ri e nd sh i ppro mpte dandmany

ear s o f acq u a i ntance j u stifie d; b u t I n ee de d f acts to
y
re bu t the w hole sal e asse rti ons made agai nst yo uto co ve r
o the rs and to co nd emn my ad mini strati o n The pub li c, .

as you are aw are , have no co rrect measu re f o r mi li tary

op e rati o ns, and j o u rnal s are ve ry re ckless i n the i r
state me nts .

Yo ur f o rce has b e e n magni fie dandthe moveme nts o f

an armyhave b e e n m e asu re db y th e cap aci f o r locomo
ti o n o f an i nd i vi dual The re adine ss o
. the p eo p le
among w ho m yo u are o pe rati ng to ai d yo u i n e ve ry
me thodhas b ee n co nstantlyasserted the purpose o f o ur
li ng G re e n w
,

army a t B o w ho lly mi sunde rstoo d, an the

ab se nce o f an e ff e cti ve f o rce a t N ash vi lle i o red Yo u .

have b e e n he ld nsi ble f or the f all o f ne lso n a nd

the captu re o f N as vi lle I t i s charge d that no e ff ort
.

was made to save the sto re s at N ashvi lle andthat the ,

p a n i c o f th e peo p le w a s ca u se db y th e army S u chre p .te

sc u tati o ns w i th the sadfo re b o di ngs naturally b e lo ngi ng
,

to th em have b e e n p
. ai nf ul to me andi nj uri ous to us b o th;
bu t, wo rse than thi s the y have u, nd e rmi ne dp ub l i c co nfi
de nce and damage d o ur cause A full de ve lopme nt o f .

the tru thi s ne ce ssary f o r f u tu re su cce ss

e ct the ge ne ro si ty w
.

I re sp hi chhas ke pt yousil e nt, b ut

wo uldi mpre ss upo n yo uthat the que sti o n 1 8 no t pe rso nal
bu t pu b li c i n i ts na ture ; that yo uandI mi ght b e co nte nt
to su fi er bu t nei ther o f us can w i lli nglype rmi t de tri me nt
mstances wi ll permi t i t
,

to the co u ntry A s so o n as ci rcu

.
,

i s mypu rp ose to vi si t th e fie ldo f you r p re se nt O p e rati o ns

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TO R Y .

no t that I sho u lde x p ect to gi ve yo u any ai d i n th e d is

c harge o f yo u r d uti e s as co mmande r, b ut wi th the ho pe
tha t my p osi ti o n w ou lde na le me to e ff ect so me thi ng i n
b
b ringi ng me n to yo ur stand a rd . m
Wi tha su ci e nt f o rce ,
the au daci tywhi chthe e ne mye xhib i ts wo uldno do ub t gi ve
o u th e op po rtu ni ty to cu t so me o f hi s li nes o f co mmu n
y
i ca ti o n, to b reak u phi s lan o f campai gn, and , d

so me o f hi s co lu p e fea ti ng
mns, to ( ri ve him f rom the so i l as we ll o f
T e nne sse e as o f K e ntu cky
We are de fici e nt i n a rms, wanti ng i n di sci pli ne andm
f e ri o r i n numb e rs . Pri va te arms must supply the first
want; ti me andthe pre se nce o f an enemy, wi thdi li ge nce
o n th e rt o f the co mmand e rs, w i ll re mo ve the seco nd,
a nd p u li c co nfide nce wi ll o vercome the thi rd G e ne ral .

B ragg b ri ngs yo udi sci p li nedtroo ps, and on wi ll findi n

hi m the hi ghe st admi ni strati ve capa ci ty . 11 E K Smi th
. . .

wi ll soo nhave i n E ast Te nne sse e a suffi ci e nt fo rce to crea te

a stro ng d i versi o ni n yo ur f avo r ; o r, if hi s stre ngth canno t
b e ma de availab le in that way, yo uw i ll b est kno who w to
e mp lo y i t o therw i se. I sup pose the T e nne’sse e o r M i s .

sissi p pi ri ve r wi ll b e the o b j e ct o f the e nemy s ne x t cam .

pai gn, andI trust youwi ll b e ab le to co nce ntrate a f o rce

Wt h w ill d e fea t ei th e r a tte mp t . The fl ee t whi ch you
will soo n have on the M issi ssi ppi ri ve r, i f the e ne mys ’

gunb oats asc e ndthe Te nnessee , may e nab le yo uto stri ke

an e fi e cti ve b lo w at C ai ro ; b ut to o ne so well i nf o rmed
and i gi lant I w
v ill no t assu me to o ff e r suggesti ons as to
whe n andho wthe ends yousee k may b e atta ined Wi th .

o f many years, I am
tru lyyo u r f ri e nd ,

Js rm so n D AVI S .

j o nnsr o n s ns prv
’
o as es “ . .

D e ca tur, Al aba ma, M arch 1 8, 1 86 3 .

M y D ear Ge ne ral : I re ce i ve d the d i spatche s

, w i thyour pri vate l e tter b y Ca pta i n Wi ckli fi e,

R i chmo nd
three d ays si nce , b u t the press u re o f a ff ai rs a ndthe no
ce ssi tyo f ge tti ng my c o mmandacross th e T e nne ssee
pre
ve nte dme f ro m se nd i ng a n e arli e r re ply .

a te d all yo u te ll as to th e ce nsu re s w
_

I anti ci p hi ch the
f all o f F o rt D o nel so n dre wu po n me , andthe a ttacks to
whi chyo umi ght b e sub j ecte d; b ut i t was i mpo ssi b l e fo r
me to ther the facts f or a d e taile drep o rt o r spare th
g
a
e
ti me w eh was re u
q i re d to e x tri ca te the re ma i nde r o f
'
 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

I tran smi tte d the re p o rts o f Ge n e rals F l o d andPi ll o w

y
wi thout e x amini n o r anal yzi ng the facts, and scarce ly
wi th ti me to the m .Whe n abo ut to assume co m
mand o f thi s d e partme n t, the go ve rnme n t charge d me
w i th the questi o n o f occupyi n g Bo w li n g Gre e n , whi chi n
vo l ve d no t o nl y mi li tary b ut po li ti cal co n si de rati o ns A t .

the ti me o f my arri val at N ashvi ll e , the acti o n o f the le g

i sla ture o f Ke n tuck yha dp ut an e ndto the la tte r b y san c
ti o ni ng the fo rmati o n o f camp s me na ci n g Te nn e sse e , b y
assu mi ng the cause o f the go ve rn me nt at Washi ngto n,
and b y a band o ni n g the n e u tral i ty i t p ro fe sse d ; and i n
co n se qu e n ce o f th e ir acti o n th e occu pa ti o n o f B o w li n g
Gree n b e came n ecessary as an act o f se l f de fe n se , at l e as t
-

i n the first step .

A bo u t the mi ddl e o f Se p te mbe r Ge n e ral B u ckn e r ad

vance d wi th a small f o rce o f me n, w hi chwas i n
cre ase d b y the 1 5 tho f O c to b e r to andth ou g h ac
cessi o ns o f fo rce w e re re ce i v e d , co n ti nu e d a t abo u t the
same stre ngth u n ti l the e ndo f N o ve mbe r, me asl e s, e tc ,
w
.

k e epi ng do n the e fi e cti ve fo rce The e n e my s f o rce

'
.

the n was, as rep o rtedto th e w ar d e p artme n t, and

an adv an ce i mp ossi b l e .N o e nthu si asm as w e i ma gi n e d
and ho p ed, b u t hosti l i ty, was mani fe ste d i n K e n tuck y .

B e l i e vi n g i t to b e o f the gre ate st mo me n t to p ro tract

the camp e dearth o f co tto n mi gh
d
ai gn , as th t b ri n
strength fro m a bro ad and d i sco u rage th e N o rth ,
an
to gai n ti me to stre n gthe n myse l f b y ne w troo p s
fro m Te nn esse e and o the r Sta te s, I magni fie d my
fo rce s to the en e my, b ut mad e kn o wn my true strength
to the de p artme nt and th e go vern o rs o f State s . The
ai d gi v e n w as small . A t l e n gth, whe n Ge neral B eau
re ard came o u t, i n F e b ru ary, he e x resse d h i s su
g r

p r i se a t th e sm a l ln ess o f my force , an was i mpre sse d

wi th the dange r o f my po si tion I admi tte d what was
.

so man i fe st andl ai d be fo re h i mmy vi e w s f o r the fu tu re ,

i n whi chhe e n ti re l y co ncu rre d ,
andse n t me a memoran
dum o f o ur co nf e re n ce , a co py o f whi ch I se nd yo u I .

de termi n e d to fight f or N ashvi ll e at D o ne l so n, andgave

the be st p art o f my army to d o i t, re ta i ni ng o nl y
me n to co ver my fro n t. andgi vi ng to d e f e nd D o n
e l so n. The force at D o n e l so n i s state d G e n eral Pi l
l o w s repo rt at muchl ess, andI do no t don t the co rre ct
‘
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ne ss o f hi s stateme nt ; fo r the force a t B owl ing G re e n,

whi ch I su m d ff i v m e n ( th e med i cal re
pp o e ec t e
o rt sh ow i ng a li ttle o ve r 5 00 si ck i n ho spi tal) was d i min
p
i sho d more than b ythose unab le to standthe f ati ue
,

g
o f a march and mad ,
e my e ff e cti ve f o rce o n re achi ng
N ashvi lle le ss than men I i nclose me di cal di rec
.

to r s re p H adI who ll yunco ve re dmyf ro nt to de f end

’
o rt
ld have kno w
.

D o ne lso n B u e ll w ou n i t andmarche ddi

The re w
,

re ctlyo n N ashvi ll e . e re o nl y te n small ste ame rs

m
on the Cu mb e rland in i m rf ect co ndi ti o n o nly thre e o f
whi ch we re available at ashvi ll e while the trau
, ,

,
a

ti o n o f the ene my was great . The e vacu a ti o n o f l

ln Gre en was imp erati ve ly ne ce ssary andw as ord ere d
b e ore ande x e cu te dw hile the b attl e was b e i ng f o ught a t
I hadmad e e ve ry d i sp osi ti o n f or the d e f e nse

o f th e fo rt my me ans allo w e d; and th e troo p s we re

amo ng th e b e st o f my fo rces and the ge nerals F lo yd
, , ,

Pillo w and B u ckne r w ere hi gh i n th

, e op i ni o n o f o fi ce rs
andme n f o r ski ll andco u rage andamo ng the b e st o ffi ce rs
,

o f my co mmand Th e yw e re p op ular wi th the vo l u ntee rs

N o re inf o rce me nts we re
.

andall h a dse e n mu ch se rvi ce .

aske d .

I wai ted the e ve nt 0 i ts N ashvill e The re

i ct each a w
.

su lt o f the co nfl as f avo rab l e A t mi d

.
~

ni ght o n the 1 5 th I rece i ve the ne ws o f a glori o us vi c

to ry; at d aw n o f a de fe at M y co lu
. mn was du ri ng th e
day andni ght o f the 1 oththro wn o ve r the ri ver A b at .

te ry h ad b e e n estab li sh e d b e l o wth e ci ty to secu re the

passage N ashvi ll e was i ncapable o f de f e nse f ro m i ts

w
.

p os i ti o n a n d fro m t h e f orces a d v a n ci n g fro m B o li n

G re e n andupthe Cumb erland A re ar guard w . as ls
unde r F lo yd to secure the stores andpro vi si o ns b ut di d
m
not co m e te ly e ff ect the o b j e ct The pe o ple we re te r
,

s w
.

ri h edandso me o f th e troo p e re d i sco u rag e d The

co u rage me nt w as sp re ad i ng and I o rde red the co mmand
,

to M u rf ree sb o ro , w he re I managed b y asse mb li ng Cri t ,

te nd e ns d i vi si o nandthe fu gi ti ves f ro m D o ne lso n, to col

’ '

le ct an army ab le to o fi e r b attle The we a the r was i n

.

cle me nt, th e fl oo d s e x ce ssi ve , andth e bri d ge s we re washed

aw ay ; b u t mo st o f the sto res andpro vi si o ns we re sa ved ,

a dco nve ye dto ne wd

n ep o ts T h i s havi ng b e e n aeco m

w
.

li shed i thout seri o u s loss, i n conf ormi ty wi th my ori g

p
i nal d esi n I march
g e dso u th w ar d a n d cr osse d th e T ennes ‘

see at th po mt, so as to c0 0pe rate wi th B e aure gardfo r

_

is -
 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the d e fe n se the of v all e y o f M i ssi ssi ppi . The p assage is

al most co mpl e ted, an dthe he ad my co l umn i s already
of
w i th G e ne ral B ragg at Cori n th The mo ve me n t was .

dee me d too hazardo us b the mo st e x pe ri e nce d me mbe rs

o f my staff bu
, t the o j ce t w arran te d the ri sk The .

di ffi cul ty o f e ff e cti n g a j un cti o n i s no t w ho lly o ve rco me

m
,

bu t i t ap h m e ti o n D af ter to mo rro w
pro ac e s co a
.
y ,

unl e ss the e ne my i n terce pts me my fo rce w ill b e ,

wi thB ragg andmyarmyn e arl y stro n g T hi s mu. st

b e d e stro ye d be fo re the e n e my can attai n hi s o bj e ct .

I have gi ve n yo u thi s sk etchso that yo umay app re ci

ate th e e mb arrassme n ts w h i ch surro und e d me i n my at
te mp ts to av e rt o r re med y the di saste r o f D o ne l so n be fo re
all u d i n g to the conduct o f the ge n e rals .

Whe n the fo rce was d e tache d I was i n hepe s that such

d ispo si ti o n s wo uld b e made as to e n ab l e the fo rces to de
fe nd the fo rt o r w i thdraw wi tho ut sacri fici n g the army .

On the 1 4th I o rde re d G e n e ral F l o yd b y te l e gram if he

“
, '
”
lost the fo rt to ge t hi s troo ps back to N ashvi ll e
,
It is .

p oss i b l e th a t th i s m i gh t h a v e b e e n d o n e ; b u t j u s ti ce r e
qui res to l o o k at e ve n ts as the y appeare d at the ti me and ,

no t al o ne b the l i ght o f subse que n t i n fo rmati o n A ll the

facts i n re atio n to the surre nder wi ll b e transmi tte d to
.

the se cre tary o f w ar as so o n as th e y can b e co ll e cte d i n

o be di e nce to h i s o rd e r I t ap
.
pe a rs fro m th e i n f o rm a ti o n
rece i v e d that G e n e ral B u ck n e r be i n g th
,
e ju ni or o fl i ce r ,

too k the l e ad i n ad vi si n g the su rrend e r andG e n e ra l F l o yd

acqu i esce d andthe y all co n cu
, rre d i n th e be li e f th at th e ir
fo rce co uld no t mai n tai n the posi ti o n Subse que n t e ve n ts
o wthat the i n ve stme n t w
.

sh as no t so co mp l e te as the i n ~

formati o n fro m the i r sco uts hadle dthe m to b e li e ve The .

co u n ci l resul te d i n the surre nd e r The co mmand was i r

.

re gu l arl ytransfe rre d andde vo l ve d o n the j un i o r ge n e ral ;

b ut no t ap pare n tl y to a vo i d any j ust resp o n si bi li t , o r
y
fro m any w ant o f pe rso n al o r moral i n tre pi di ty .

T he b l o w w as most di sastro u s and al mo st wi th ou t

re me d y . I the re up on i n my first re p o rt re maine d
si l e n t
. T hi s si l e n ce yo uw e re k i nd e n o u ghto attri b u te to
my ge n e ro si ty I w i l l no t lay cl ai m to the mo ti ve to e x
.

cu se m co u rse I o b se rve d si l e n ce as i t se e me d to
.
,

me the st w ay to se rve th e cau se andth e co u n try The .

facts w e re no t full ykno wn d i sco n te nt pre vailed andcri t

i cism or co nd emn ati o n was more li k e l y to augmen t than
, ,

cu re th e e vi l I re frai n e d k n owi n g that he avy ce n su

.
, re s
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TO R Y .

wo uld fall upo n me , b ut co nvi nced that i t was b e tter to

en dure the m f o r the prese nt andde f e r to a more
, pr
ti o ns ti me ani nvesti gati o n o f the co ndu ct o f the ge nera s ;
f o r i n the meanti me the ir se rvi ce was re q ui re dandthe i r
i nfl ue nce was use f ul F o r the se reaso ns Ge ne rals F loyd
.

andPi llo ww e re assi gne dto d uty f o r I f e lt co nfide nce i n ,

the ir autry the i r ene rgy, and thei r d

,
e vo ti on to the
Co nf e racy .

I have thu s recu rre d to th e mo ti ve s b y hi ch I have w

b e e n go verne d , f ro m a d e e pp e rso nal se nse o f th e f ri e nd
shi pandco nfid e nce yo uhave alw ays sh ow n me , andf ro m
the convi cti o n that they have not e e n wi thdraw b
n f ro m
me i n adversi ty All the re p uisi te f o r a full
d
o rts r
z
.

v
o ffici al i n esti gati on h ave b e e n o rd er .

Yo ume nti o n that youi nte nd to i si t the fi e ldo f o pe r v

ati o ns h e re . I ho pe soo n to se e yo u , f or yo u rp re se nce
wo ulde nco urage my troo ps, i nspi re the pe o ple , andaug
me nt the army To me pe rso nall i t wo uld gi ve the
.

greatest gratificati o n M e rely a so l i e r myse lf , andb a v

.
o

i ng no acq uaintance wi ththe state sme n o r le aders o f the

So uth, I canno t to uchsp rin familiar to yo u We re o n .

to assu me comma ndi t wo n] aff o rdme the most unf e gn

cdp leasu re , and e ve ry ene rgy w ou ldb e e xertedto he lp
yo uto vi cto ry and the co u ntry to i nd ep end ence We re .

you to decli ne , sti ll yo u r p re se nce alo ne w ou ld b e o f i n

esti mab le ad vantage
The e ne my are no w at N ashvi lle , ab out
.

stro ng,
ad vanci ng i n thi s di re cti o n b y Co lu mb i a H e has also .

f o rce s, accord i ng to the re po rt o f G e neral B ragg, land i ng

at Pi tts f ro m to and mo vi ng i n th e
di recti on Purdy .

Thi s army corp s mo i ng to j o i n B ragg i s ab o u

v t
ac , oc o stro ng N o b ri gad
. e s, H i nd man s andWood s,
‘ ’

are , I su ppose , at Co ri nth O ne re gi me nt o f B ardse a di

'
.

vi si on, Li e u tenant Co lone l Patto n co mmand

v
i ng, i s mo v
i ng b y cars to day ( ac th M arch) , and Sta tham s b ri ga de , '

Cntte nd en s d T he b ri gade w i ll hal t at I u

'
i vi si o n . ka, the
r g ment at B u rnsvi ll e eb u rne s b ri gad e, H u rd
ei C l
’ ’
ee a
di wsi o n, e xcept re gi me nt at B urnsvi lle , and Carro ll s
.

'

b ri gad e, Cri tte nd en s d

'
v
i i si o n, and H e lm s ca alry at
'
v
u scu m ow e n s b ri ad a t Co u l d
T B re chi n
‘

b ia; B g e
’
rt a n ;
ri d s b ri gad
'
e h er e ; th e re gi me nts o f ca valry o f A d ams
an
W
harto n o n the oppos i te b ank o f the ri ve r ; Sco tt s
Lo ui si ana ca valry at Pu
O

laski , se nd i ng f o rw ard su
'

ppli e s ;
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

M o rgan s caval ry at She l b yvi lle , o rde re do n Tomorro w

’

ge s b ri ade wi ll go to Co ri nth; the n Bo w

.

B re cki nri d
’ '
en s .

Whe n the se pass sc um b i a andI uka, transpo rtati o nwi ll

b e read t he re t o f urth e r o ther tro o ps to fo llo wi mmed i ate
y .

ly f rom the se p o i nts, a nd i f ne ce ssary f rom B u rnsvi ll e

The cavalry w
.

i ll cross andmo ve f orw ardas so o n as th ei r

trai ns can b e passe d o ve r the railro ad ri d ge I have b
w
.

trou b e d yo u i th the se de tai s, as I canno t p

l l
o ssi b ly
commu ni cate the m b y te le gram T he te st o f me ri t i n my
.

o f e ssi o n w
i th the pe o ple is su cce ss I t i s a hardru le , .

t I thi nk i t ri ght I f I o in thi s co rps to the f o rces o f

’

B e aure gard— I co nf e ss a azard ou s exp e ri me nt— th o se

w ho are no w
dec ai mi ng agai nst me i l b e
l i tho u t wl w
argu me nt . Yo ur ri end, f
J uAus ou S ‘
r
. . o .

P S —I w
. . i ll p re p are answ e rs to th e q ue sti o ns pro
ou nd e db y Ge ne ral F oo te chai rman o f th e co mmi tte e to
p
i nve sti gate th e cau se s o f th
,

e loss o f th e f o rts as so o n as ,

p rac t i ca b le ; b u t en d as I am i n a most h azard ou s

mo ve ment o f a large o rce eve n the most mi nute de tai l
,

re q ui ri ng my attenti o n f or i ts acco mpli shment I canno t

hen i t wi ll b e f o rwarde dto the se cre tary o f war to
,

say w
b e hand edto h i m ,
if h e th i n ks p pe r to
ro do so
‘
.

G EN ER A L Jo a nsr o n s annnsss 1 0 r u n a n) "

'

JU ST s e ro u s sni t o a .

H eadq uarte rs A rmy o f the M ississi p!i

ri i 3
,

Cori nth M iss A p , 1 86 3

,
-
, .

o f th e A rmy o f th e Mi ssi ssi p pi

I ha ve p ut yo ui n mo ti on to o ff er b attle to the i nvade rs
of ou r co u ntry Wi th the reso luti o n anddi sci p li ne and
vafo
.

r b e co mi ng me n fighti ng as yo u are fo r all w

, o rth ,

li vi ng o r dying fo r yo u can b ut march to a de cisi ve vi c

,

to y o ve r the agrari an me rce nari e s se nt to su bju gate yo u

ari d to d esp o i l yo u o f yo u
e me mb e r th
r lib erti e s yo u r
p ro p
,e rty and

y o u r h o no r R e p re c i ou s stake i nvo lve d; t e

me mb e r the de pe nde nce o f yo ur mo the rs yo ur wi ve s your
.

, ,

si sters and yo u r chi ld re n o n th

, e resu lt ; rememb e r the
f ai r b ro ad ab oundi n l and and the ha py ho mes that
, , ,

wo uld b e de so late d y your de fe at he e yes andthe

.

ho p e s o f e i ght milli o ns o f p e op le re st up o n you Youare

ge ; w
.

exp e cte dto sho wyo u rse lves w orth y o f yo u r li nea or .

’
Thia lette r was b e g u n ouMareh rythandfini she dMamh ooth .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

thyo f the women of So uthwhose no b le de vo ti o n i n

the
thi s w ar has ne ve r b e e n e xceed e d i n any ti me W i th .

su chi ncenti ve s to b rave dee ds andw i ththe trust th a t God

is w i th us yo ur ge ne rals wi ll le ad yo u co nfid
,
e ntly to th e
co mb at , u do f succe ss
ass re .

A S
. . J O H N STO N ,
Ge ne ral Commandi ng .

T he f ollo wi ng e pi taph was f o und sho rtl y af ter the

i nte rme nt o f Ge ne ral o hnsto n in St Lou

J is me te ry . ce ,

N e wO rleans, paste d upon a ro ugh b o ardattachedto hi s

to mb

I N M E M O RI AM .

B e hi ndthi s sto ne is lai d f o r a . season.

O nthe S ixthof A f fl.
E i ghte e n H u ndre dand ixty-tw o g .

A man tri e di n many hi ghofii cee

Andcri ti cal E n
A ndf oundfa i thf u l all ;
H is li fe w as one lo ng Sacrifi ce o f i nterest to Con sci ence ;
Andeve ntha t lif e. o n a oe f u
D i dhe yieldas a H olocau st at h
w
l Sa b b ath,
i s Co u ntry s ne ed
’
.

N o t who ll u nde rstoodwas he while h e li ve d;

Bu t i n hi s th his G re atness sta nd s co nfessed
'
I n a Peo ple s te ars
ot w
.

R eso lu te mod
. era te clear o f E nvy, ye t n anti n g
I n that finer Amb i ti o n whi ch makes men great andp
,

ure
In his H o no r i m le

mgé
,

In hi s S im ici ty. eu li me ;
N e) co untry e er
'
no cau — no b le r C i on;
— t
er se
!q 0 Pe op le a b ender no Pri nc“ e a p urer I ;
Than the de ad So ldi er
Who slee e here !
The Cause f o r whichge perishedi s lost
'

The Peo p le f o r who m he f o u ght are crushed

The H op es i n w hi ch b e tru ste dare sh attered
The F lag he lovedguides no more the chargi ng lines ;
B ut hi s Fame consi gne dto the kee p m o f that hmo whi ch
‘
’

l . i s no t so mu ch th e T omb of
’
i rtue as i te Shri ne g .

years to co me , oi n mo dest Wo rthto N o ble E nd

j s.
In honor no w, o u
. r gre at Cap ta i n rests
A b erea vedPe ople mo u rn hi m ;
Three Commonw ealth s ro udlyclai m hi m
A nd H i sto ry cherish h im
A mong those choi ce Sp i ri ts oldi ng the ir Co nsci e nces
lam0 g
m
.

H ave b ee n. i nall conju nctu t themselves. thei r Peo p le and

h es
res .

t e ir e -
MA J O R -G E N E RAL S AN D B R I GAD I E R G EN E RA LS PR O -
,

V ISIO N AL AR MY O F TH E CO N FE D ERA TE STAT E S ,

A CCR E D I TE D TO K EN TU C KY .

M aj o r Ge ne ral J ohn Cab e ll B re cki nri dge was bo rn ne ar

-

Le x ingto n, K y , i n J anu
. ary, 1 83 1 , a ndw as e duca ted f or
the p ro f e ssi o n o f law, whi ch he pr acti ce d at Le xi ngto n .

He was maj or of the Thi r ment K entucky vo lun

d re gi

te ers i n the M ex i can w ar, andth en be gan i n th e l e gi sla

tu re o f 1 84 9 an i llu stri ou s p o li ti ca l career I n 1 85 : he.

was e lected to Congress from the A shland di stri ct, and

re e le cte d i n 1 85 3 H e de cl i ned the mi ssi on to Sp
. ai n

o fi e re d b y Pre si d ent Pi erce and re ti re d f rom u

p icb l
l i f e ; b ut i n 1 85 6 he was chose n V i ce Presi de nt o f the -

U ni ted State s and b e f o re the e x pi rati o n o f hi s te rm the

,

K entu cky le gi sl atu re e le cted h i m to the Se nate f o r si x

rs f ro m M arch 4 1 86 1 H e w as the ch oi ce o f th
y e a , . e

So u thern States f or Pre si d e nt i n 1 8 6 0 and recei ved th, e

mai n part o f the e lectoral vo te o f hi s party i n the U ni ted

State s . O n O cto b er s 1 86 1 , he i ssue d an ad
, dress f ro m
B o wling G ree n re si gni ng h i s se nato rshi pandproclai mi ng
hi s de vo ti on to the Southe rn cause He w as co mmi s
.

si o ned bri gad i er ge ne ral N o ve mbe r 3 , 1 86 1 andgi ve n a

-
,

b ri gad e at Bo w l i ng Green A t Shi loh he distingui she d

.

hi mse lf i n command o f the R ese rve co rps, taki ng an

acti ve p art i n th e battl e and co ve ri ng the su b se quent
re treat . H avi ng been p romo te dma j o r ge ne ral A p ri l 1 4,
-

1 86 3, he was o rde re d wi th hi s di vi si on to V i cksb urg in

J une H e de feated the ene my at B ato n R ouge too k
. ,

se ssi on of Port H u d so n marche d to the re li e f o f

p o s ,

B ragg andtook a conspi cu

,
ou s p art i n the battl e o f M u r
228 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

f re e sb o ro I n 1 86 3 he j o i ne dGe n o se p
. h E o hnsto n i n . J . J
M issi ssi ppi , and re pe lled the e ne my a t ackso n Re J .

tu rni ng to B ragg he p arti ci p ate di n the b a ttle o f Chi c ka

mauga andsuccee dedD H H i ll i n co mmando f ana rmy
. .

i n thi s cap aci ty servi ng at M i ssi onary Ri d

p
co r s, ge .

The n go i ng i nto Vi rgi ni a , he d e fea te d Si ge l at N e w

M arke t M ay 1 5 , 1 86 4, j o i ne d Ge ner al Lee i n the ca m

pai gn o f that summe r, pro te cted the co mmuni cati o ns
duri ng Sheri dan s rai d and di d goo d se rvi ce at C old
’

H arb o r . I n co nj u ncti o n wi th Ge ne ral Early he di sco m .

fite dthe F ed e rals u nd er H u nte r i n the Shenandoah val ~

le y and mad e th e camp a i gn i n M aryland de fe a ti ng ,

Wallace at M o nocacy Sub se que ntly he fo ught in the

.

valle y u nti l gi ve n co mmand i n so u thw e st V i rgi ni a ,

whe nce he was calledto the cab ine t as secre tary o f war .

Af te r A pp o matto x he e scap e dto Cu ba andvi si ted Canada

andE u ro pe b e f o re re tu rni ng h o me His deathoccu rre d .

M ay 1 7 , 1 87 5 , at Le xi ngto n .

tucky i n 1 83 0 . d the U ni ted Sta tes mi li ta ry

He e ntere

acad e my i n 1 83 7 , andat grad uati o n i n 1 84 : was promote d

i n the army to b re ve t seco ndli e u te nant o f the First -

dragoo ns H e se rved o n the fro nti e r andi n the M e xi

.

can w a r, h avi ng reach e d b y that ti me th e grad e o f first

li e utenant H e was b re ve tte dat B ue na Vista for gallant

.

and me ri to ri o u s co ndu ct w as o rd e re d agai n o n f ro nti e r

,

duty and was i n the Santa F 6 e x pedi ti o n o f 1 848 On .

O cto b e r 3 2 1 85 4 he re si gne d having the n the rank o f

, , ,

cap tai n i n the F i rst d ragoo ns H e b e came a farme r .

ne ar Ve rsai l les Woo dfo rd co u

, nty Ky b e i ng also at o ne , .
,

ti me p re si de nt o f th e Ri ch mo nd 8: D anvi ll e rai lroa d .

Whe n i t b e came e vi de nt that war b e tween the N orthand

So uth co uld not b e averted C ap tai n B uf o rd wi th
,
o ut
hesi ta ti o n ca st hi s lo t wi ththe So uth D uri ng the 00011 .

pati o n o f Ke ntucky b y B ragg andKi rb y Smi th i n 1 86 3 8 ,

cavalry bri gad e w as organi ze d i n th e Sta te o f w hi ch ,

 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 229

Buf o rd was put i n co mmand wi th a co mmi ssio n as bri g

a di e r ge n e ral dated 3 d o f Se pte mbe r 1 86 3
-
, H e re tire d ,
.

fro m K e n tucky wi th the ca valry co mmand o f Ge n eral

Whee l e r and forme d part o f the l atte r s fo rce at M ur '

fre e sbo ro I n the latte r camp

. ai gn B u fo rd s b ri gade was ‘

co mp o se d o f th e re gi ments o f Co l o n e l s Smi th G ri sb
g y ,

a ndB u tl e r i n all abo u ,

t 65 0 me n and was acti ve l y e n ,

a
g g e d i n th e ca v al r y fi g h tin g i n c l u di n g th e L a V e r n
g e ,

rai d . Soo n af te rward he was ord e re d to re p ort to G e n

e ral Pe mb e rto n at J ackso n M i ss and b y th e l atte r w

, as ,

assi gn e d to Port H u dso n La I n A pri l he was o rde re d ,

.

to J ack so n w i th tw o re gi me n ts andthi s w as th e nu cl e us ,

o f th e b ri gad e u nde r hi s command Lo ri ng s di vi sio n ’

, ,

whi ch too k part i n the battl e o f B ak e r s Cre e k J o hn s '

,

ton s o p e rati o n s agai n st Gran t andth e d e fe n se o f J ack

’
,

so n . In cl u de d i n thi s b ri gade w e re the Se ve nth K e n

tu ck y Co l o n e l Crossl and andp
,
art o f th e Th i rd M aj J H
, , . . .

B o wman The E i ghth K e ntu

. ck y mo u n te d was de , ,

B ufo rd s co mmand to o k a p romi n e n t p

'
tache d . art at

Bak e r s Cre e k andhe was co mme nd e d f o r hi s l eadershi p

’

, .

R e mai ni ng wi th the armyunde r J o hn sto n andl ate r Po l k ,

hi s bri gade i n the earl y part o f 1 864 i n cl ude d five A la

bama re gi me nts the Third Se ven th and Eighth Ke n , ,

tu ck y andTwe lf th Lo u
,
i si an a Bu t he soo n re tu rn ed to .

the caval ry se rvi ce w i th hi s thre e K e n tu cky i n fan try

re gi me n ts mo u n ted andwas gi ve n co mmand o f a di vi

, ,

si o n o f F orre st s co mmand i n cl u d i n g the thre e K e n tucky

’
,

re gi me n ts al re ad y n ame d Co l o n e l F au l k n er s Tw e lf th ’

and F o rrest s A l abama re gi men t fo rmi n g o ne b ri gad e

’

unde r Co l A P Tho mpso n andthe T e nn e ssee b ri gade

. . .
,

o f Co l T . H B e ll . Wi th thi s co mmand B ufo rd too k

. .

n p n g campai gn i n We st Te nn es
i
’

p a r t i F o rre st s s r

see ,
i n cl ud i ng the cap tu re o f F o rt Pi ll o w and w as so ,

p r o m i n e n t i n th e f am o u s v i cto r y o f Ti s h o m i n g o C re e k
that F orrest d e cl are d hi s o bli gati o ns p ri n ci p all y d ue to
Bu f o rd Du ri n g th
. e A tlan ta camp ai gn h e too k p art i n

the O p e rati o n s i n n o rth e rn A la bama andTe nn essee i n a

an C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

numb e r o f e ngage me nts ,whichJ o hnso nvi l l e i s

mo ng
a

the most famo u s ; and l ate r he w as wi th F o rre st i n th e

Op er ati o ns ab o ut F rank li n and M u rfre esboro and th e ,

rea r gu ard fighti ng o f H oo ds re tre a t u ntil he w

’
-
a s se ,

ve re ly wo u nd e dat Ri ch l and cree k D e ce mb er s4th In , .

F e b ruary 1 86 5 he w
,
as assi gnedto co mmand o f all Ala
,

b ama cavalry w i thi n the li mi ts o f G e neral T aylor s d

’
e

p ar tm e n t .H e w as i n t he l ast fight at Selma A p ri l 2 d , .

Afte r the cl ose o f the war he resu med the occ upati o n o f
f arming i n Ke ntucky, andse rve dagai ni n the le gi sl a ture
o f 1 87 9 H is d
. eath occurred u J
ne 9 , 1 88 4, at D anvi lle,
I lli noi s.

B ri gad i e r Ge ne ral Ge o rge B Cosb y was b o rn i n K en

-
.

tu cky, andfro m th at State w as ap po i nte d to the U ni ted

States mi l i tary acade my o n Se p te mb e r 1 , 1 848 On u ly . J
1 , 1 85 1 , h e grad uated and e nte re d the army as b r e ve t
se co n dli e ute nant
-
of mo unted ri fle me n . F or o ne ye ar
the re af ter he vd
se r e at l
the Ca rli s e , Pa caval ry sc h
. oo l
,

for practi ce ,
an d the ne x t year was o n fro nti er duty at
F o rt E well, F o rt M e rri tt and Edi nb urgh, Te x .
, ha vi ng
b e co me fu ll se condl i e utenant Se pte mbe r
Du ri ng 1 85 4 he was a gre at deal o f the ti me o n sco uti ng

duty, and o n the othO f M ay o f that ye ar was se ve rely

wo unde d i n a skirmi sh wi ththe Comanche Indians ne ar
Lake Tri ni dad Sub se q . ue ntly he was o n garri so n duty
a t F o rt C lark, Te n . J
n, andat e ff e rso n B arracks, Mo He .

was assi stant i nstructor o f ca valry at the mili tary acad o

e my 1 85 5 5 7 , nex t w
-
as o n d uty i n Te xas, and M ay
1 3, 1 8
5 9, was agai n e ngage d against the Co ma nche
Ind i ans i n the co mb at o f N m tunga valle y H e was o n
‘

l e ave o f abse nce whe n the long standi ng se cti onal quar
-

re l d e ve lop e d i nto O p en ho sti l i ty B e l i e vi ng i n the d

. oc
tri ne o f State so ve re i gnty and i n the j u sti ce o f th e

So uthe rn cause , he resi gned hi s co mmi ssi o n o n M a y 1 0 ,

1 86 1 , ando ff e re d h i s servi ce s to the Co nf ed e rate S tates .

H i s O ff e r was acce p tedandh e w as i mme di ate l ap

y p o i nte d
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ca ptain d assi gned to duty i n K e ntucky

of cavalry an .

By Se ptemb e r he had b e e n a pp o i nte d maj o r and w as

unde r orde rs o f Ge ne ral B uckner i n c e ntral andso uthe rn

K e ntucky A t the b attle o f F o rt D o ne lso n he w
. as

acti ng as chi e f o f sta fi to Ge neral B u -

ckner andw
-
as th e ,

b e are r o f the no te fro m B u ckner to G rant re gard i ng the

su rre nd e r o f the f ort andgarri so n Ge ne ral B uckner i n .

his o fii ci al re p o rt sa ys : M aj Ge o rge B Cosb y my . .

,

ch i e f o f stafi dese rve s the hi ghe st co mme nd

- -
,
ati o n f o r th e
"
gallant and i nte lli ge nt d i scharge o f hi s duti es As .

soo n as th e garri so n o f F o rt D o ne lso n h ad b ee n e x

ch ange d M aj o r Co sby re p o rte d f o r d uty and was so o n

'

se rvi ng h i s co u ntry agai n as co lo ne l o f cavalry O n the .

1 7 th o f J anu ary 1 86 3 Ge n J o se p ,
h E J o hnsto n the n a t
, . .

J ackso n Mi ss i n a le tte r to Presi de nt D avi s sai d: D o

, ,

gi ve me b y te legrap hA rmstro ng Co sb y andR A H o w , . .

ard f o r b ri gad i e r ge ne ral s T he y are stro ngly reco m

-
.

mende d b y M aj o r Ge ne ral s V an D o rn andB uckner and -

are ,
I am co nfid e nt fu ll y co mp e tent Thre e d
,
ays late r .

Co lo ne l Co sb y was no ti fie do f hi s app o i ntme nt as b ri ga

di e r ge neral In the e ngage me nt at T ho mpso n s Sta tion

-
.
'
,

Te nn M arch 5 1 863 where Colo ne l Co burn w

.
, , ,
i th mo re
than Fe d e ral o fii ce rs and so ld i e rs su rrend e re d to

G e ne ral Van D o rn Cosb y s b ri gade bo re a prominent

’
,

G en Wm T M arti n co mma nd i n h F i
p ar t . . .
g t. e rs t c
,
av
alry di vi si o n o n that occasi o n ca lle d atte nti o n i n hi s re .

po rt to the acti vi ty and gallantry o f Ge ne ral Cosb y

during the e ngage me nt as we ll as the ge ne ral goodco n ,

duct o f the o fii ce rs and me n o f the b ri gade " Du ri ng .

the V i cksb u rg a nd J ack son camp a i gns i n M i ssi ssi ppi ,

Co sb y and hi s bri gad e o f ca valry d i dgoo d se rvi ce fo r

G e n J o se p
. h E J o hnsto n and he co nti nue d f ro m this
.
,

ti me to the clo se o f the war to se rve wi th gre at ab ili ty i n

the de partme nt o f Alab ama M i ssissi p pi and E ast Lo ui s ,

i ana A fte r pe ace h a db e e n resto re dh e mo ve d to B u tte

co unty Cal and be gan farming
, , H e was no t p er .

mi tte d to re main i n re ti rement F ro m 1 8 7 8 to 1 883 he .

232 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

was secre tary o f the b o ard

State e ngi nee rs o f C al i
of

f ornis ; i n 1 886 was me mb e r o f the b o ardo f vi si to rs to th e

U ni te dState s mi li tary acade my; du ri ng 1 888 was sup er

i nte nde nt o f co nstru cti o n o f the U ni te dState s b u i l ding

at Sacrame nto , Cal andsu .b se quentl y recordi ng cle rk in
the o ffice o f the se cre tary o f state o f Cali forni a .

M aj o r Ge ne ral Ge o rge B ibb Cri tte nde n was bo rn in

-

R usse ll vi lle , Lo gan co unty, K y , M archs o 1 8 1 z , andwas

.
,

the old e st so n o f J J Cri tte nd

. . en H e was gradu. ate dat

We st Po i nt i n 1 83 2 , but re si gnedfrom the army the next

ar In 1 83 5 h e w e nt to Te xas andvo lu n te e redi n the
y e .

stru ggl e fo r i nd ep e nd e nce ; w as take n p ri sone r, andhe l d

b y the M e xi cans f o r nearl y a year A t o ne ti me he g e n

.

e ro u sly to o k th e p lace o f a co mrad e w ho haddrawn the

fatal b lack b ean when thei r capto rs had for some re aso n
de te rmi ned to adopt summary me asure s Af te r hi s re .
.

l e ase he re turne dto hi s nati ve State andde vo ted hi mse l f

f o r te n years to the practi ce o f law A t the b e gi nni ng .

o f th e M e xi ca nw ar i n 1 846 h e e ntered th e army as ca p

tai n o f mo u nted ri fl es, w as b re ve tte dmaj o r f o r gallantr

y
a t Co ntre ras andCh urub usco , ando n Se pte mb er 1 4, 1 847 ,
was among the firstto e nte r the ci ty of M e xi co , whe re he
hado nce suff e redsuchdi sagree able capti vi ty Co nti nuo .

i ng i n the se rvi ce , most o f hi s ti me was spent up o n th e

fro nti e r I n 1 848 he was co mmi ssio ned maj o r andi n

.

1 85 6 li e u tenant colo nel

-
In the gre at secti onal q
. uarre l
hi s sympathi es we re wi th the So uth A cco rdingly he .

resi gne d h i s co mmi ssi o n i n the U ni ted Sta te s army and

was appo inted co lo ne l o f inf antry i n that o f the Confe d
crate State s, to d ate M arch 1 6 , 1 86 1 On Au gust 1 5 th
.

he was pro mo tedto b ri gadi er ge ne ral, ando n N o ve mbe r

-

9thto maj o r ge neral i n the p

-
ro vi si o nal army Du ri ng .

the gre ate r p a rt o f J u ne , 1 86 1 he hadco mmand o f the

,

Trans Alle ghany d

-
ep artme nt Whe n co mmissi o ne d
.

maj o r ge neral he was assi gned to co mmando f the di s»

-

tri ct o f E ast T e nnesse e andalso

p l a ce d i n charge o f mi l
 C ON F ED E R A TE M IL I TA R Y H IS TOR Y . 283

i tary pe rati o ns i n Kentucky G e n Ge o H Tho mas

O . . . .

e arl y i n J an u ary be gan an ad van ce to ward E ast Te n

ne sse e and o n the 1 7 th re ache d Lo gan s Cro ss road s

'
-
, ,

te n mi l es n o rtho f the i n tre n che d campo f Ge n F e l i x K . .

Zo lli co fi e r A f e w da ys be fo re thi s Ge n e ral Cri tte nde n

.

hadarri ve d at Zo lli co fi e r s campandassume d co mmand

’
.

H e ari ng o f the arri val o f Tho mas Cri tte nd e n de te rmin e d

,

to atta ck tha t ge n e ral be fore all hi s fo rce s sho u ld co me

up Wi th thi s purpo se i n vi e w he ad van ce d and o n
.
,

J an uary 1 9th made the a ttack B ut Tho mas was re ady .

wi thmo re me n than Cri tte nde n had The resul t was the .

d i sastro us de feat at M i ll Spri n gs, o r Lo gan s Cross ’

ro ads i n w h
,
i ch General Zo lli co if e r was k i ll e d F o r the .

manage me n t o f th i s aff ai r G e n e ral Cri tte nde n was ce n

su re d andk e p tund e r arre st f o r se v eral mo nths I f Gen .

e ra l Cri tte nde n re a itw

lly dese rv ed n sure
as f or re l yi n g
ce

too mu ch u po n the re po rts bro ught to hi m as to the

actu al stre n gth o f th e e n e my andco nd i ti o n o f Fi sh i ng
cree k whi ch, i t w as sai d , w as so sw o ll e n as to d e l ay th e

re info rce me n t o f the e n e my A t a co un ci l o f war he ld the

.

e ve n i n g be fo re the b attle , i t w as u n ani mousl y de ci d e d

that k ought to b e made B ri g Ge n Wm H
an attac .
-
. . .

Carro ll w ho se bri gade di d so me o f the be st fighti n g o f

,

the d ay i n h is rep
,
o rt o f th e battl e mad e to Ge n e ral

C ri tte nd e n says I canno t cl o se my re p o rt wi th ou t ex

p res s i ng th e hi gh a p pre ci ati o n bo th b m
y y se l f and m y
o fii ce rs f o r the p e rso nal co u rage and sk i ll e vi n ce d bo th

b y yo urse l f dstaff duri n g the e n ti re e ngage me n t; and

an

ho we ve r muchI mayregre t the un fo rtu n ate di sas ter w hi ch

be fe ll us I fe e l co n sci o us that i t resul ted f ro m no wan t o f
,

g a ll an try and m i l i ta ry ta ct o n t he p art o f th e co mm a nd

i ng ge n e ral Ge ne ral Cri tte nd e n re si gn e d af te r thi s
.

a ff ai r b u
, t sho w ed hi s p atri o ti c d e vo ti o n to th e So u th
b y se rvi ng w i tho ut rank o n the sta ff o f Ge n J S Wi l . . .

l i ams Ge n Basi l D uk e i n an arti cle o n J o hn M o rgan

. .
,

i n 1 86 4 mak e s me n ti o n o f Cri tte nd e n as i n so uthw e st

,

V irgi ni a assi sti ng M o rgan i n de fe ati n g a rai d in g fo rce le d

284 CON F E D E R A TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

b y Ge neral A ve re ll In h i s rank as co lo ne l , C S A ,
. . . .

he was put i n te mp orary comma nd o f th e dep artme nt o f

We ste rn V irgini a and East Te nne sse e , May 3 1 , 1 86 4 .

A f ter the w ar he re tu rnedto Ke ntu cky and li ve d mos tly

a t Frankfo rt He w
. as State li b rari an fro m 1 86 7 to 1 8 7 1 .

He d i ed at D anvi ll e , Ky , N o vembe r 2 7 , 1 880

. Ge ne r al .

C ri ttenden hada bro the r, Thomas L , w ho si de dwi ththe .

U ni on, andro se to di stincti o n as a maj o r ge neral -

.

B ri gadi e r-Ge ne ral B asi l D u ke , co lone l o f the Se co nd

K e ntucky cavalry i n ohn H M o rgan s l i fe ti me , a nd
J '
.

successor to th at o ffi ce r u po n hi s death, appe ars fi rst

up o n the scene o f acti o n i n th e grea t ci vi l w ar as a ca p

tai n i n Mi sso u ri and co mmi ssi o ne d b y th e go ve rnor o f

that State to go to Montgo mery, Ala , ando b ta i n arms

fro m the Confe de rate go ve rnme nt f o r the M i sso uri
mi li tia . In J ul y
, 1 86 1 , D uke b e came li e ute nant colo ne l
-

o f the Se co nd K e ntucky l
D e ce mbe r o f
cava ry, an di n
the same ye ar was co mmi ssi o ned co lo ne l o f that re gi
ment H i s mi li tary mo e me nts ere inti mate ly co n
. v w
use te d wi ththose o f ohn H M organ, the seni or co lo ne l
J .

andafter ard b ri gad

w i er ge ne ral o f the famou
-
s b od y of
cavalry w hose d aring and marve l ou sl y su cce ss ful ex
plo i ts attracted to i ts ranks many adve nturo u s yo u ths o f
the b e st fami li es amo ng the Ke ntucki ans w ho sympa
thi ze d w i th the So uthern cau se Du ri ng 1 86 2 , w
. hen
Bragg w as ge tti ng re ad y fo r hi s marchi nto K e ntu cky,

the cavalry o f M o rgan w as b u sy i n T e nne sse e di spe rsi ng

andca p tu ri ng de tache d F ed e ral garri so ns O n the 2 8th .

o f Au gust, w he n B ragg crossed the Tennessee a t Cha t

tanoo ga and p ushe d no rthward, Ki rb y Smi th, who was
al re ady i n K e ntucky, ordere d M o rgan to j o i n hi m at
Le x i ngto n i n the blu e grass re gi o n Mo rgan e nte red .

that Sta te , andw i thpart o f his co mmandma rche dto the

assi stance o f M arsh all i n the mo u ntai ns o f easte rn K e n
tu cky, w hile D uke w i th the b alance o f the co mmandwas
t o march to ward the O hio ri ve r In o b e ying these .
 C ON FED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 235

d
or e rs, Co l o n e l D uke de feate d two smal l ste ame rs and
cap ture d th e to w n o f A ugusta, tak i n g be tw e e n 3 0 0 and
O n the re tre at fro m K e n tu ck y, M o rgan s
'
4 0 0 pri so n e rs .

co mmand a gai n mo vedi nto th e rear o f B u e l l, captu ri n g

hundre ds o f pri so n e rs and so me ri chl y l ade n wago n -

trai ns M organ s l o ss d u ri n g th e wh o l e camp ai gn i n

’
.

ki ll ed d w o und e d
an was no t mo re than o ne hundre d .

H e had e nte re d K e n tucky 900 n g H i s co mmand

stro .

when he re turne d to Te nne ssee n umbe re d n e arl y

O v er p ri so n e rs had b ee n ta k e n b y th e c av a lry .

J ust be fo re the b attle o f M urf re esbo ro D uke assi ste d i n

the de fea t o f a F e de ral b ri gad e at H artsvi ll e T e nn i n , .
,

whi ch the U n i o n 1088 was andthe Co nfe d e rate 1 3 9

i n all The U n i o n co mmande r Col o ne l M oo re was o ne

.
, ,

o f th e p ri so n ers t a k e n o n t h i s oc c asi o n W h e n .

B ragg was p rep ari n g to fall b ack fro m Tu l laho ma in the

su mme r o f 1 86 3 M o rgan mad e hi s ce l e b rated rai d i n to
,

O hi o. In thi s e x pe d i ti o n Co l o n e l D u k e was hi s ri ght

hand man B ut M o rgan andD uk e w i thsi xty e i ght o the r
.
-

o fii ce rs w ere ca p tu re d Mo rgan mad e hi s e scap

. e fro m

the O h i o pe n i te n ti ary w he re the y w e re co n fine d and ,

Du k e was af te rw ard e x chan ge d In so uthwe st V i rgini a .

these o ffi ce rs assi ste d in d e fe ati n g A ve re ll s atte mpt u n

’

p o

the salt w o rk s andthe n b y a rai d i n to K e n tu

, ck y d e l aye d

f or se v e ral mo n ths ano the r i n te nd e d F e de ral attack .

T hi s co mp e n sate d i n so me me asu re th e d i sastro u s l osse s

o f th i s l ast rai d i n to K e n tu cky Whe n M o rgan was

.

k i lle d on the 4tho f Se pte mbe r 1 86 4 Co l o ne l D uke suc

, ,

ce e d e d to th e co mmand o f th e b ri gad e b e i n g co mmi s ,

si o ned b ri gadi e r ge ne ral on th - e 1 5 tho f Se p te mbe r In .

A pri l 1 86 5 a fter he ari n g o f the su

, ,
rre nd e r o f L ee Ge n ,

eral D u ke hasten e d wi thhi s co mmand to j o i n Ge n Joe .

J o hnsto n i n N o rth Caro l i n a These so l di e rs formed

.

af ter th i tul a ti on o f J o hnsto n s army M r D avi s

’
e ca p , .

e sco rt to Ge o rgi a Af te r the cessati o n o f hosti li ti e s

.

Ge n e ral D uk e w en t b ack to K e ntu ck y and mad e h is

ho me i n Lo ui svill e w he re he sti ll resi de s
,
e nj o y
2m C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ing the este e m o f hi s ne i ghb o rs, who wi th the true K en

tu cky sp i ri t admire a b rave man, whe the r the ywe re i th w

hi m o r o n the o ther si de i n the fo ur ye ars war
'
.

M aj o r Ge ne ral C harle s W F i e ld w
- as bo rni nWood
. f ord
co u nty, Ky , i n 1 8 1 8. Up o n his grad
. uati o n at West
Po i nt i n 1 849 he was co mmi ssi one das b re ve t seco nd l i en - s

te nant i n the Seco nd d ragoo ns, Co lo ne l H arne y co m

mandi ng F o r five succe e di ng years he servedagainst

.

the I nd i ans on the fro nti e rs o f N e wM e xi co andTe xas

and o n the p lai ns J une 3 0 , 1 85 1 , he was promotedto
.

se condli e u
-
te nant, and M arch3 , 1 855 , to first li eute nant -

and transf e rre d to th e Second ca valry, o f w hi chA S . .

J o hnston was co lone l and R E Le e l i eute nant col one l . .

-
.

F ro m 1 85 6 to 1 86 1 he se rved at We st Po int as ch i e f of
caval ry, b e i ng assi stant i nstru ctor o f cavalry tacti cs On .

J anuary 3 1 , 1 86 1 , he was pro mo ted to captai n in the

Seco ndcavalry O n M ay 3 o thhe resi gnedth
. is p o si ti on,

andgo i ng to Ri chmo ndo fi e re dh i s se rvi ces to the Co n

fe de rate go ve rnment H e was at o nce appo i nte d captai n
.
“

o f cavalry, and rap i d pro mo ti o n follow ed to maj or of

the Six th V i rgi nia cavalry i n J u ly, the n li e ute nant col -

o ne l, and . in
A ugu st, co lo ne l I t was no t, ho w. e ve r, u ntil
1 86 2 th a t he ap pe are d co nspi cuo usly i n the field On .

M arch oth o f that year he was co mmi ssi oned b ri gadi e r

g e ne ral,
a nd ass i g n e d to a n i nfa n tr y b r i gade ( all V i rgi n

i ans) i n the d i vi si o n o f A P Hi ll, u nde r whose com

. .
.

mand he f o ught i n the Se ven D ays b a ttles, Ce dar R un

'

and Se co nd M anassas I n the l as t namedb attl e he was

.
-

se ve re ly w ou nd ed , t
he i nj ury co nfi ning hi m to hi s b ed
f or ne arly a ye ar He w
. as sti ll o n cru tches w hen he re
po rte d f o r duty, and o n the xatho f F e b ru ary, 1 864 , h e

Was co mmi ssi o ne dmaj o r ge neral -F i e lds d i vi si o n con

.
’

si ste d o f so me o f th e b est troo p s i n th e army I n the .

b attle o f the Wil d e rness ( M arch6 th ) thi s di vi si on and

Ke rshaws re sto re d the f ortunes o f the d ay, w he n i t
’

l ooke das tho ughLe e s ri ght wi ng was ab out to b e swept

’
 C ON F E D E R A TE M !L] TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

f rom the fi e l d D u ri ng G rant s atte mp

’
. t to take Pe te rs
bu rg i n u ne , whi l e F i e ldand Pi cke tt we re app
J roa ching

that ci ty, Ge ner al Lee su pe ri nte nde d i n pe rso n the re

cap ture o f the B e rmu da H undre d li ne, whi chhad e e n b
se ize d b y B utle r whe n B ushro d J o hnso n l e ft i t to re i n
force B eaure gard Pi cke tt s and F i e ld s di visio ns had
.
’ ’

b e en ord ere d to re take th e l i ne ; b u t find ing that a ne w

line co u l db e occupi e dwi thout loss o f li fe the o rder was ,

re vo ked Fi e l ds d i vi si o n had be e n no tified o f the

'
.

change b ut Pi ckett s me n who ha d no t re cei ve dsu ch

‘

, ,

no ti ficati on be gan the assault u

,
nde r the first order ,

whereupon F i e lds me nwi tho ut wai ti ng fo r o rders rushe d

'

forward and we re soo n i n the f ormi dab le trenches O n .

the 1 4th o f A u gu st 1 86 4 G ene ral F i e l dh

, , ada fie rce figh t
aga i nst h e avy o d ds o n hi s li ne e x te nding f rom Chapin s '

B lu fi to N e w M arke t he i ghts A t o ne ti me the e ne my

.

b roke thro u g h a g a p o f t w o b ri ga d e s i n the ce nter b u t ,

Fi e ld he ad
. i ng hi s o lddi vi si o n chargedup o n th
, e ad vanc
i ng f oe andsnatche dvi cto ry f ro m de f e at On the d ayo f
.

the su rre nd o matto x F i e l ds d i vi si on w as sti ll i n

'
er at A p p
p r i m e fi gh t i n g co n d i ti o n co m p ct andfirm andre ady at
a ,

the w ordo f commandto d o or d ie Afte r the w ar Ge n

.

eral Fi el dw e nt ab road andf ro m J u ,

ly 1 7 1 8 7 5 to M arch , ,

3 1 , 1 87 7 se rve d as co lo ne l of e ngi ne ers i n the Egyp

, ti an
army b e i ng i nsp
, ec tor ge neral i n th -
e A b yssi ni an cam

p a i gn 1 8,7 5 7 6 H e w
- as d
. oo rk ee p e r o f th e H ouse o f R ep
re se nta ti ve s i n Wash i ngto n fro m A pri l 1 8 1 87 8 to M arch , ,

4, 1 88 1 From 1 88 1 to 1 885 he w
. as ci vi l enginee r i n the

se rvi ce o f the U ni tedStates, andfro m 1 885 to 1 889 su per

i nte nd e nt o f the H o t Spri ngs re se rvati on i n A rkansas .

He d i e dat Washi ngto n, D C , i n A p ri l, 1 893 . . .

B ri gadi er Ge neral oh n B re c i n ri dge Grayso n was

-
J k
b
o rn i n K entu cky i n 1 80 7 ; as e ducatedat We st Po i nt, w
anda fter grad uating i n 1 81 6 b ecame se co ndli e ute nant o f
the Seco nd arti ll ery; se rvedi n garr i so n at F o rt M o nroe ,
V i rgi ni a ,
1 8 1 64 8 ; on to po graphi ca l duty fro m 1 8 3 8 to
 C ON F ED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

1 83 z ; i n garri so n at the arse na i n A ugu l

sta, G a , in 1 83 3 ;

i n vari o u s So u thern f orts i n A lab ama M i ssi ssi ppi a nd

Lo ui si ana ; then i n 1 83 5 -3 6 i n the Se minol e w ar i n F lo r

ida, b e i ng e ngage d i n th e ski rmi sh es at Ca mpI zarda nd

the co mb at at Olo klikaha ; th e n o n commissary d uty at

N e w O rl eans fro m 1 83 6 to 847 , and final y i n the
1 l ar w
wi th M e xi co 1 84 7 -48 . Duri ng th i s ti me he had go ne
thro ughthe diff e re nt gra des upto ca ptain, Seco n d artil~

l ery . He was chi e f o f co mmi ssaria t of the my unde r

ar

M aj -
Ge n
. Wi nfie l dSco tt andwas prese nt a t the si e ge o f

Vera Cruz, battles Ce rro Gordo, Chu

of ru bu sco , M o li no

de l R e y, Chapul te pec, and at the assaul t andcapture o f

the ci ty o f M e x i co H e was bre ve tte dmaj or, A ugust re ,
.

1 84 7 , f o r gallant andme ri to ri o u s co nd uct at the b at

tles o f Contreras andChu ru bu sco , andli e u te nant co lo ne l -

f or the same reaso n at the sto rmi ng o f Chapu ltep ec .

F ro m 1 848 to 1 85 5 he was chi e f o f co mmi ssari at at

D e tro i t, M i ch, andu nti l J uly 1 , 1 86 1 , i n the same p o si

tio n i n N e wM ex i co H aving such a lo ng andho norab le

.

reco rd i n th e o ld army, i t i s e asy to u nde rstand ho w

atta ch ed h e mu st ha ve b e e n to th e se rvi ce , and w i th
wha t strong ti e s he was b o und to hi s co mpani o ns i n
arms and to th e fl ag w hi chhe hadup he ld wi thsuch
ap i cuo us gallantry o n so many b loo d y fie ld s Ther e w
. as

a gre at p ri nci pl e back o f the re ti reme nt o f so many gal

l ant o fi ce rs, yo ung and o ld, from a servi ce whi ch they
really l o ved and w hi ch i t co st the m a bi tte r pang to
le ave State so ve re i gnty was j ust as trul y an Ameri can
.

i dea as was N ati onal u ni o n, and those w ho he ld that

thei r alle gi ance was d ue first o f all to thei r State s, and
who b e li e vedthat to lay vi o le nt hands on the so ve re i gnty
o f th e Sta te s w as th e ranke st tre aso n, we re j u st as s i nce re
and p atri o ti c as th ose w ho place d the U ni on ab o ve all
o th e r th i ngs andre gard e das treaso n th e l e ast re si s tance

to i ts au tho ri ty E ach si d
. e w as p e rf ec tl y lo yal to i ts
i de a o f w hat the Amcri can co nsti tuti o n was, a nd o n
many a b l oody fie ld the y pro vedthe since ri ty o f the mo
 C ON F ED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

ti ve s that prompte d them to espouse the cause f or w hi ch

the y w ere e ve n wi ll i n g to d ie Co l o ne l G rayso n w
. as no

i mpe tuo u syouthledastray b y a sudde n i mpul se b ut l i ke ,

R o be rt L ee he fo ll o w e d that w hi chsee me d to hi m the

,

p ath o f d u ty T h
.o ug h w i thre gre t he l e ft the o ldarmy ,

he e n te re d that o f the Co nfe de racy fro m the pure st o f

mo ti ves and w i th a si nce re heart On acco un t o f hi s .

e xp e ri e n ce as a so l d i e r he was ap po i n te d a b ri g a d i er

ge n e ral i n the pro vi si o nal armyo f the Co n fe d e rate Sta te s ,

his co mmi ssi o n he ari ng da te A ugust 1 5 1 86 1 H e was , .

at o nce p lace d in co mmand o f the de p artme n t o f M i ddl e

andE aste rn Flo ri da Bu t he n e ve r hadan o p

.
p o rtu n i ty
to stri k e a b l o w f o r the So u th; f o r on O c to b er 2 1 1 86 1 , ,

he di ed at Tal lahasse e F la si ncere l y re gre tte d b y those

, ,

wi thwho m he hadcast his lo t .

B ri gadi e r Ge ne ral R o ger W H an so n w

- as o ne o f th
.ose

gal lan t K e n tuck i an s who , be l i e vi ng that the cau se o f the

So uthwas the ca use nsti tuti o n al l i be rty andfeari ng

o f co ,

that the ce n trali z i n g te nd e n ci e s o f the re p ub li can party

wo uld l ea d to the co mpl e te o verthro w o f the so vere i gn ty
o f th e State s l e ft ho me and f ri e nd s and be co mi n g a n
, ,

e x i l e fro m hi s n ati ve Sta te th re w h is who l e he art and

,

so u l i n to the struggl e o f the So uth f o r se parate i nde

pe ndence . H i s n atural ab i li ty as a l ead e r o f me n
bro ught hi m to the f ro nt and he be came co l one l o f the
Second K en tuck y i n fan try co mmi ssi o n e d Se pte mber 3
, ,

1 86 1. H i s re gi me n t was assi gne d to the Co nf ed erate

army i n ce n tral Ke n tucky fi rst unde r co mmand o f
,

Ge n e ral B uck n e r I n the b attl e o f Fo rt D o n elso n

.
,

ami d a p i ti l e ss te mp e st o f rai n sn o w and sl ee t andthe

,

more dre adf ul sto rm o f sho t and she l l H an so n andhi s ,

men w e re d i sti n gui she d f o r brave ry andste ady fighti n g

m
,

andare fre qu e n tl
y m e n ti o n e d i n the o c i al re po rts I t .

was l ate i n the ye ar whe n Co l o ne l H an so n was e x

ch an ge d . O n the 1 3 tho f D ece mbe r 1 86 2 he w as co m
, ,

mi ssi o ne d bri gadi e r ge n eral i nthe pro vi si o n al armyo f the

-
 C ON F E D E RA TE JI I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

Co nf ede rate States O n the 3 xst o f the same m o nth .

came th e tre mend ou s b a ttl e o f M urfre esb o ro , i n whi ch

H anso n co mmand e d th e Ke ntu cky b ri gad e o f B re c hin

ri dge
’
s di vi si o n O n th e ad o f a
.n u ary B ragg no ti ce d J
tha t B ea tty s F e de ra b ri gad l
’ '
e e ast o f S to ne s ri ve r e nfi

lade d Po lk l i ne i n i ts ne w p de red
'
s osi ti on . B ra gg or

B recki nri dge to take hi s d i vi si o n and d i slod ge these

troo ps Li e u
. t Co l S C K ni fl i n, o f the staff o f the U ni o n
o
. . .

Ge neral Cri ttend e n, sa ys : I nthe assa u lt tha t f o llo we da

b ri e f canno na e , d H anso n s
'
l e ft was thro wn f orwardc l o se

to the ri ve r b ank, fire o nce , the n cha rge wi th orde rs to

wi ththe b ayo ne t On the ri ght o f Bea ttywas Co l S W
. . . .

Pri ce s b ri gade , andthe charge made b y H anso n s S i x th

' ’

K e ntucky w as me t b y Pri ce s E i ghth Ke ntu

’
cky re gi

me nt, f o llowed b y H ansonandPi l lo wi nsuccessive stro kes

fro m ri ght to le f t o f
Be atty s li ne s B e atty orde red
'
.

re treat, and assai lants and assa ile dmo ve d i n a mass to

ward the ri ver C ri tte nde n, tu

. rni ng to h i s chi e f o f
arti ll e ry, sai d,
M e nde nhall , yo u mus t co ve r my me n
wi th yo ur guns .
’
N eve r was there a mo re e fi e c ti ve

res o nse
p to uh
s c a re u
qest . In all, 5 8 pi e ce s
of l
arti l e ry playe d upon the e ne my N o t l ess than .

t o o sho ts p e r mi nu te w ere fire d A s the me n swarmed .

do wn the slo p e th ey w e re mo w ed d ow n b y the sco re .

Co nf ede rate s we re pini o ne d to the e arth b y fall i ng

branches For a fe w minutes the brave fe l lo ws held
.

th ei r gro u nd he p i ng to advance b u
,
t the b ank bri stl ed ,

wi th bayo ne ts H anso n was mo rtally wo unded andhis

.

e lost 400 men Ge neral B recki nri dge in hi s

”
b ri gad .

o ffi ci a l rep o rt says : I canno t e nu me rate all the b rave

o ffi ce rs w ho fe ll no r the li vi ng who nobly d ,
i d the i r
duty; ye t I mayb e pe rmi tted to lame nt i n co mmon wi th ,

the army the p ,

re matu re d ea tho f Ge ne ral H anso n w ho ,

rece i ve d a mo rtal w ou nd at the mome nt the e ne my b e

gan to gi ve way E nd ea red to h i s fri e nds b y his p
. ri vate

vi rtue s andto hi s command b y the vi gi la nce w i thwhi ch

he gu ard e di ts i nte re st andh o no r h e w as b th uni v
y e er , ,
~
sal testi mo n y o f hi s mi li tary asso ci ate s, o ne o f the fin e st
o ffi ce rs that ad orn e d th e servi ce of the Co nfe d e rate
States .

B ri gadi e r Ge ne ral -
J ames M H awes was bo rn and .

reare d i n K e n tu ck y On Ju l y 1 1 84 1 he e n te red the

.
, ,

U n i te d States mili tary acad e my at We st Po i n t as a ca d et ,

andfo u r ye ars l ate r grad u ate d as b re ve t se co nd li e u te n

ant o f d ragoo n s H i s first se rvi ce w
. as i n th e mi l i tary

o ccu pati o n o f Te xas 1 845 46 andhe was soo n call e d upo n

,
-
,

to me e t the e n emi e s o f hi s co u n try i n the war wi th M e x

i co . H e was e n gage d i n the si e ge o f V e ra Cru z andi n a

ski rmi sh at San J u an d e lo s L l an os at th e b attl e s o f ,

Co n treras Chu ,
ru busco Mo li n o de l R e y ando the r o pe ra
,

ti o n s be fo re the ci ty o f M e x i co w hi chle dto i ts ca p tu re

a nd occu pa t i o n b y th e A m e r i ca n fo rces H e was b re .

ve tte d first li e u te nan t f o r gall an t andme ri to ri o u s co nd u ct

i n these b attl e s F ro m 1 848 to 1 85 0 he was assi stan t i n

.

stru cto r o f i n f an try tacti cs at We st Po i n t th e n assi stan t ,

f f m h m ati cs n x assi stan t i n stru

p ro esso r o a t e e t , cto r o f

caval ry tacti cs F ro m 1 85 0 to 1 85 2 he was o n pro fe ssi o n al

.

d uty at the caval ry schoo l o f Saumur F ran ce A f te rward , .

he was assi gne d to the Te xas fron ti e r the n d e tache d ,

a t Wash i n gto n D C late r se rve d o n the U tahe x p

,
. .
, e di

tio n andfin all y i n qu

, e lli n g K an sas di stu rb an ce s D ur .

i ng thi s ti me he had re ache d the ran k o f captai n o f the

Se co nd dragoo n s B e li e vi n g i n the j usti ce o f the So uth
.

e rn cau se w h e n i t be came e vi de n t th
,
at w ar w as abo u t to
be gi n he re si gn ed hi s co mmi ssio n i n the U ni te d State s
,

army and te nde re d hi s se rvi ce s to the Co nfe d e rate

State s He w. as i mme d i ate l y ap po inte d a captai n i n the
Co n fe de rate army O n J un e 1 6 1 8 6 1 he was mad e
.
, ,

maj o r and te n days l ate r was appo i n te d co l o n e l o f the

Se co nd K e n tucky cav al ry B u t pre f e rri n g the ran k o f
.

maj or i n the re gul ar army o f the Co n fe d e racy he re ,

si gn e d h is p osi ti o n as co l o n e l o i th e Se co nd K e n tu ck y .

I n O cto be r G e n A l be rt Si dn e y J o hn sto n wro te to M r

, . .

Ky 10
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y:

D avi s, as ki ng
f o r the ap po i ntme nt o f M aj o r H awes as a
bri gad i e r ge neral- T hi s was d o ne o n M arch 5 , 1 86 1
. .

F ro m the ti me that Ge ne ral ohnsto ntoo k co mmando f th e J

Weste rn de partme nt unti l A pri l 7 , 1 86 2 , H awe s co m
manded the ca valry an dhadthe advance of the ar my at
G re e n ri ve r, Ky , 1 86 1 6 3 .
-
. A fte r Shi l o hhe aske d to be
re li e ve do f co mmando f th e l
cava ry o f the Weste rnarmy ,

an dwas assi gne dto the co mmando f a b ri gade in B re ck

i nri dge s d i vi si on co mpose d of o ne K e ntu cky o ne M is
’
, ,

si ssi ppi and o ne Co nf ede rate re gi ment In O cto b e r he .

was se nt to the Trans M issi ssi ppi where he co mmanded -

,

a T e xas cavalry b ri gad e near Li ttl e R ock A rk , ,

under G e n T H H o lmes I n 1 86 3 he co mmandeda n i n

. . . .

f antry b ri gade in the di vi si o n o f Ge n J G Walker and . . .

,

was e ngaged i n a fierce fight at M illike ns B endwhi le ’

the si e ge o f V i cksb u rg w as i n p ro gress D uri ng 1 86 4 he .

command e d th e troo ps and fo rtifi cati o ns at G alve sto n

I sland A fter the re turno f p

. e ace Ge ne ral H aw es e nte re d

i nto the bu si ness o f a hard ware me rchant in Co vi ngto n ,

Ky , andco nti nuedto b e thus occupi e dunti l hi s dea th on

.

the z ado f N o ve mbe r 1 88 9 He w as 66 ye ars o ldat th

, e .

ti me o f h i s death .

B ri gadi er Ge neral B en H ard

-
in H e l m, another gallant
so n o f K entu cky, w as bo rn i n E li zab e th tow n in 1 83 0 .

He w as grad uate d at West Po i nt i n 1 85 1 as b re ve t se c

o ndli e u te nant andw as assi gnedto th e Seco ndd rago o ns .

Af te r a li ttle more than a ye ar s se rvi ce , d

’
uring whi ch
ti me he w as p romo te dto se co ndli e u te nant, he re si gne d
his podti o n in the army andtoo k upthe study and prac
ti ce o f law H e was a me mb e r o f the State l e gi sla ture
.

1 85 5 5 6, andstate s atto rne y 1 85 6 -5 8 I n 1 85 6 he mar

’
-
.

ri e d M i ss To d d, the half siste r o f Ab raham Li nco ln -

.

N o twi thstand i ng the i r very gre at d i ve rgence o f p o li ti cal

senti me nt, Li nco l n and H e lm w ere much atta ched

to e acho ther In A p ri l, 1 86 1 , alth
. oughMr Li nco ln kne w .

hi s b ro the r i n lawto be a So uthe rn R i ghts D e mocrat, he

- -
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

i nvi ted hi m to W ashi ngto n . O n the a 7 th o f A pri l he

hande d H e lm a se al e d e nveIOpe, sayi ng, B en, he re i s
so m e th i ng f o r yo u T h
. i nk i t o ver b y yo urse lf andle t
me k no w wha t yo u wi ll do
”
. The e nve lo p e co ntai ned

H e lm s no mi na ti o n as p a ymaste r i n th e U ni te d States
’

army H e l m sa i d: I wi ll try to do what i s ri ght Yo u

'

. .

"
sh all h ave my answ e r i n a fe w d ays
. R e tu rni ng to

Ke ntu cky he fou nd hi s Sta te much di vi ded, and

e ach si d e fu ll o f p a tri o ti c fe rvo r f or w hat i t dee med the
ri ght . Accordi ng to hi s convi cti o ns o f duty he made hi s
deci si o n, and that was for the South H e wro te to M r . .

Li nco ln d e cli ni ng th e p o si ti o n o f p ay maste r H e o rgan

.

i ze d the F i rst Kentu cky caval ry f o r the Co nf e d e ra te

army, re p o rti ng f o r d uty to Ge n A l b e rt Si dne y J ohn

.

sto n O cto b e r 1 9 1 86 1 , andre ce i ve dh

, i s co mmi ssi o nas co l
o ne l and i n M arch, 1 86 3 , h e w as co mmi ssi o ne d b ri
g
ad i e r ge ne ral I n J une , 1 86 1 , when B re cki nri d ge s d
'
-
. i vi
si o n w as sent to V i cksbu rg, H e l m w as i nco mmando f the

Se co nd bri ga d e, w hi ch i ncl ude d the F o urth andFi fth

Ke ntucky, o ne M i ssi ssi ppi and two A lab ama regi me nts .

H e was o n d uty ab o ut V i cksb urg duri ng the naval Ope r

ati ons i n th e su mme r o f 1 86 1 , andi n the latte r part o f
J uly marched to Lo ui si ana wi th the di vi sio n J ust b e .

f o re the o p e ning o f the b attl e o f Bato n R ou ge , du ri ng a

stamp ed e b y so me p arti san range rs, Ge ne ral H e l m w as

dange ro usly i nj ure d b y the fall o f hi s horse H e re .

mai ne don duty i n the di stri ct o f the Gul f unti l the latte r
part o f J anuary, 1 86 3 , when he was o rdere dto take co m
mand o f the bri gade of the late Ge ne ral H anso n, in
B recki nri d ge s d i vi si o n H e co mmand e d th is bri gade ,
’
.

whi ch i nclude d the K entucky re gi me nts o f B recki n

ri d sd si on, du ri ng th e Tu llaho ma ca mp ai gn, andp
'
g e i vi art

o f th e ti me w as i nco mmando f th e di vi si on On the mo rn

.

i ng o f Septe mbe r cc , 1 863 , i n the first assau l t upon the

F ede ral b reastw o rks, battl e o f Ch i ckamauga, the b at
tle was op e ne d b y H e l m s bri gad e w i th gre at fury
'
.

Thi s w as one o f the b l o o d i est e nco u nte rs o f the d ay,

 C OIVFED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

says Ge ne ral B recki nri dge H ere General H el m, e ver

.

re ad f r a ti o n and e ndeared to h i s co mmand b y ma ny

y o c ,

vi rtue s ,
rece i ve da mo rtal wo undwhil e i n the he ro i c dis
charge of hi s duti e s i n the N e w O rl e ans
. A wri te r
States says : H o w b rave a so ld i er the Co nfe d e ra cy

lost that da yhi story reco rds Be n H ardi n H elm was , i n

.

the hi ghest se nse o f the w o rd ne o f natu re s nobl e m e n

'
, o .

H e was a patri o ti c So u the rn ge ntle man As he u nder .

stood i t, hi s l i ne o f co nduct was clear and he unhesi tat

i ngly trod the p ath o f d I t i s sai dthat w
”
uty . hen L i n
co ln he a rd o f th e d e ath o f Ge ne ral H e lm , h i s gri e f was

si de a t Chi ckamauga we re e i ther ki lled or mo rtally

wo unde d H elm o f Ke ntucky was o ne o f the fo ur o n the
.

So uthe rn si de The go ve rnme nt has erecte d mo nume nts

.

to the se o ffi ce rs o n the spo ts whe re e acho ne fe ll wi tho ut ,

maki ng any di sti ncti o n be twe e n those who f ell o n the

N orthern o r o n the So uthe rn si de M ay thi s b e a to k en .

o f th e b ro the rly l o ve that shall h ence f o rth p re vai l b e

tw ee n th e o nce se ve red se cti o ns o f o u r no w u ni te d

B ri gadi e r-Ge ne ral Ge o rge B . H odge was b o rnin F l e m

i ng co unty Ky i n A pri l 1 81 8 Whe n q
, .
, , ui te young he
.

e nte re d th e naval acad e my at Annap o li s M d ; b e ca me , .

mi dshi pman i n D ece mb e r 1 84 5 andwas acti ng li e ute n

, ,
~

a nt i n th e navy w he n he re si gne d i n 1 85 1 T hen .

e nte ri ng u o n th
p e stu dy o f law, he was admi ttedto the
b ar a t N e wp o rt K y a ndbe ca me p
, .
, ro mi ne nt as a l awye r
andp o li ti cal lead er I n 1 85 9 he was e le cte dto the le g
.

i slatu re o f Ke ntu cky and i n 1 86 0 w as an e le cto r o n th e

B recki nri d ge ti cke t H e was an earne st D e mocrat and
.

an ard e nt su pp o rte r o f the State ri gh ts d o ctrine Tho ugh .

re gre tti ng se ce ssi o n he stoo d re ad

y t o d e f e nd the so v »

e re i gnt
y o f the Sta te s whi ch he tho u ght e nd ange re d .

H i s z e al f o r the So uthe rn cau se is sh ow nb y the f act that ,

tho u gh a man o f ci vi l p ro mi ne nce h e e nte red th e C on

,
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

f ede rate army as a p ri vate H e was soon af te r thi s .

e le c te dto re pre se nt K entu cky i n the Co nf e derate Co n ~

g re ss W he n. n o t se rvi ng i n th at b o dy he was i n the

field I t w. as a co mmo n thi ng d u ri ng the war b e twee n

the State s f o r men o f the hi ghe st soci al standi ng to ente r

the ar my as pri vates andso me fro m the ve ry best fam
,

i l i ca d thro ughout the war in the ranks

serve That .

accou nts i n a gre at measure f o r the sp l e ndi d fighting

u l e s o f th e Co nf ed e rate so l d i e r ; f o r th e h e art o f th
q a i ti e

i l di e r th ro b b e d w i th th e same p i de o f b i rth
p r va t e s o r

and name as th at o f th e co mmand ing ge ne ral Pri vate .

H o dge the Co nf ede rate co ngre ssman w

, as soo n mad e a ,

cap tai n and acti ng ad j utant ge neral o f B re cki nri dge s '
-

di vi si on Fo r gal lantry at the battl e o f Shi lo hhe was

.

pro mo ted to maj or wi thco mmi ssi o n he ari ng da te o f M ay

,

6 , 1 86 3 Co ntinuing to act as adj utant ge ne ral he was

.
-

promo ted to co lone l M ay 6 1 86 3 H e was for a whi le , , .

i nsp e c to r gene ral at Cu -

mbe rland G ap, andco mmande d
Presto n s cavalry i n vari o us o pe rati o ns i n east Tennes
’

see . Comi ng to no rth Ge o rgi a wi th the f o rce s und er

ated i n Whee l e r s rai d i n mi d dle

'
B uckner he p arti ci p
,

Tenne ssee after Chi ckamauga, a nd was co mme nd

, e db y

Whee ler for hi s go o d co nduct i n co mmando f a cavalry

bri gade On August a 1 864 he was co mmi ssi o ned
.
'

, ,

bri gadi e r gene ral andput i n command o f the di stri ct o f

-

So u thwe st M i ssi ssi p pi and East Lo ui siana re mai ni ng i n ,

that p o si ti on u nti l the endo f the war H e then re tu rned .

to hi s ho me i n N e w po rt Ky , whe re he resumed hi s la w , .

practi ce H e was an e lecto r on the Gree l e y ti cke t i n

.

1 87 3 was elected State se nato r i n 1 87 3 andse rved unti l

, ,

1 87 7 H is d
. ea th o ccu rred sh o rtl y af ter th e e xp i rati o n o f
hi s term o f o ffice .

B ri gadi er-General J osep h H Le wi s was born i n G l as .

gow, B arren co u nty, K y Be fore the war he w as a law .

yer o f no te H e entered the army o f the Co nfe de rate

.

Sta te s as co l o ne l of the Si xthK entucky i nfantry, co m

 C ON F E D E RA TE MILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

mi ssi o n e d N o v e mbe r 1 ,
1 86 1 . Du ri ng th e first year o f

the war hi s mmand had

co l
p ye nt o f ard uous mi l i tary

labo r to p e rfo rm bu t no O p
, po rtu n i t y to d i sp l ay th e

sp l e n di d so ldi e rly qual i ti es o f bo th the l eade r and the

men un ti l the b attl e o f Shi l oh, A pri l 6 7 1 86 2 -
, .

H ere they we re e n gage d i n the fie rce fighti ng w hi ch t e

su lte di n the cap tu re o f Pren ti ss andh i s e n ti re co mmand .

Co l R P Trab u
. . . e who co mmande d the b ri gad e to
,

whi ch the Si x th K e n tucky was attache d, says i n hi s re

po rt I had occasi o n o fte n to admire the co urage and
,

a bi l i ty o f Co l s J o se p . h H Le wi s and Tho mas H H un t, . .

"
as w e ll as th e stea d i n ess o f th e ir me n At M u rfrees .

bo ro Le wi s andhi s gall an t re gi me n t sustai ne d the i r for

me r re putati o n, sho wi ng the spi ri t o f true K e n tuck i an s ,

e sp e ci a ll
y i n B re ck i n r i d ge s f am o u s c h a r g e
’
o f J a n u ar y
2d . A t the b attl e o f Chi ckamauga Co l o n e l Le wi s was
i n the b ri gad e o f Ge n B H H elm and u . .
p o n t
. h e d ea th ,

o f th at n o b l e so ld i e r and p atri o t su cce e d e d to h is com

mand Agai n was Co l o ne l L e wi s me n ti one d i n the most
.

fl atteri n g te rms b yB recki nri dge co mmande r o f the di vi s ,

i on andD H H i ll co rp
, . . s co mmande r
,
On the 3 o tho f .

Se p te mbe r, 1 863 he w as, promo te d to b ri gadi e r ge neral -

andco n ti n u e d i n co mmand o f th e K e n tu cky b ri gad e , th en

i n cl ud i n g the F o urth, F i f th, Si x th and N i n th re gi ments

andth e F o rty first A l ab ama
- H e le dthe b ri gade i n the .

un fo rtun ate b attl e o f M i ssi o nary Ri dge ando n the re

treat to D al to n H i s command fo rmed a rese rve to su
.
p
p o rt C l e b ur n e at th e battl e o f R i n ggo ld G ap O n t h e .

D al to n A tlan ta campai gn Le wi s b ri gade was acti ve ly

’
-

e n gage d at M i ll Cree k Gap R e saca N e wH o p , e Ch urch , ,

D all as, Pi ne M oun tai n andK e nesaw M o u n tai n I t par .

ti ci p a te dal so i n th e b attl e o f Peach tree Cree k J u l y ac th,

and i n th at o f A tl an ta, J u l y and O n the 6 tho f August .

a t U to
y cree k L e w i s,
'
b ri g a d e p a rti c i p a te d i n th e fig ht
o f B ate s di vi si o n a gai n st Sch o fie ld T hi s afi ai r resul ted
'
.

i n the gre at d i sco mfitu re o f th e e n e my th e cap tu re o f ,

se ve ral stand o f co l ors and man y p ri so n ers andarms .

 CO N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

A f te r the f all A tl an ta thi s famo u

of s Ke n tuck y b ri gad e

was mo un te dand p l ace d i n Whee l e r s cavalry co rps

'
.

Le w is w as wi th Wh e e l e r i n the camp ai gn i n G e o rgi a,

i mped i n g She rman s march thro ugh that State , and

'

agai n in N o rth Caro l i na h e w as e ngage d i n th e final

marche s and battl es that e nd e d at Be nto n vi ll e He .

fo rme d a part o f Pre si de n t D a vi s escort andwas surre n ’

dere d n ear Washingto n G a R e turni ng to hi s ho me

, .
,

Ge ne ral Le wi s at o n ce b eca me o ne o f the mo st pro mi

n e n t me n o f Kentucky Fo r twe l ve ye ars he repre se n te d
.

the T hi rd d i stri ct i n the Co n gre ss o f the U ni te d States .

A f te r re ti ri n g f ro m Co n gre ss he was made o ne o f the

asso ci ate j u dge s o f the co urt o f a ppe al s andat the pre se n t ,

ti me ( t 898) i s chi e f j usti ce o f the State o f K e n tuck y .

B ri gadi e r Ge n e ral H yl an B Lyo n w

-
as bo rn i n th
. e

State o f K e n tuck y a bo ut the year 1 83 6 H e was ap .

po i n te d to the We st Po i n t mi l i tary acade my i n 1 85 2 , and

o n gra d u ati o n i n 1 85 6 was pro mo te d i n the army to se c

on dli e ute nant o f arti ll e ry H i s first se rvi ce was agai n st

o
.

the Se mi n o l e Indi an s i n F l o ri da 1 85 6 5 7 The n he was

,
-
.

o n fro n ti e r d u ty at vari o u s
posts in Cali fo rni a ; in 1 85 8
was e ngaged i n the Spo kan e e xpe di ti o n andi n b attl e ,

Se p tembe r 5 7 -
1 85 8
, .H e se rve d late r i n Washi n g
to n and M o n tan a wi th p romo ti o n to first li e u te n an t -

T hi rd arti ll e ry T he re w e re ve ry f e w o m
,

. ce rs o f the
U n i te d States army who d i d no t re gret the grea t se c
ti onal qu arre l and th e w ar th at resu l te d the re fro m and ,

y et th e re w e re f e w f ro m the sece di n g States th a td i dno t

o be y th e vo i ce o f th e i r States andran ge th e mse l ves u nd e r
the bann er o f the So u th Whe re the re was gre at di vi s
.

i on o f se n ti me n t as i n Ke n tucky M i sso u
, ri e tc ,so me , .
,

re mai n e d i n th e army and d i d sp lendi d servi ce f o r the

U ni o n while o the rs w e re un surp
,
a sse d i n th e ir ze al and

fid e li ty to the So uth H ylan B Lyo n w

. as o ne o f th
. is
latte r class ; o n A pril 3 0 r86 r, re si gni n g hi s commi ssi o n
,

i n the U ni te d State s army H e en tere d the se rvi ce o f

.
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the Co n fe de rate Sta te s, and was co mmi ssi on e d first li eu o

te n an t o f arti ll e ry He w as the first cap

. tai n o f Co bb s
'

batte ry B y the 3 do f F e bruary, 1 86 2 , he hadbe e n pro

.
o

mo te d to li e ute nan t co l o n e l o f the Ei ghthKe n tuck y re gi

- .

me n t H e le dhi s regi me n t at the b attl e o f F o rt D o ne l

.

so n andw as me n ti o n e d f o r gall an try b y h i s bri gade co m

mander Col J o hn M Si mo n to n Afte r the D onelso n
, . . .

p ri so n e rs ha d b e e n e x chan ge d Co l o n e l L o n and th
y , e

E i ghth K en tuck y w e re p l ace d i n the army o f We st Te n

n essee , i n the first di vi si o n o f the first co rps O n the .

sth o f D e ce mbe r, 1 86 2 th i s d i vi si o n co mmande d b y

, ,

Ge n L l o yd Ti lghman had an e n co un te r wi th the F e d

.
,

e rals a t Co ff e e vi ll e , wh i chwas a co mp l e te success for the

Co nfe d e rates Ge n e ral T i l ghman re p
. o rte d th at th e

Ei ghth K e n tu cky, u nd e r 001 H B Lyo n was co nspi c . . .

,

uous i n the fight, w here he had se ldo m se e n gre ate r

-

g oo d j ud g m e n t,
a n d i m p e tu o us g all an tr
y sho w n b y any
o ffi ce rs o r me n
”
In J u .n e 1 86 4, Co l o n e l Lyo n was co m
,

mi ssi o ne d b ri gadi er ge n e ral and i n A ugust he was

-
,

assi gn e d to th e co rp s o f Ge n e ral F o rre st H i s b ri gad e .

co n si ste d o f th e Th i rd , Se v e nth E i ghth and Tw e lfth ,

K en tu ck y regi me n ts T hese troo p

. s, wi th th e i r co m

mande rs shared the gl o ri es and hardshi ps o f F o rre st s

,
'

ca mp ai gn s i n n o rth M i ssi ssi p pi A l ab ama andTe nn esse e , .

Du ri n g th e march o f H oo d i n to Te nn e sse e L o n
y was
ve ry acti v e pe n e trati ng e ve n i n to Ke n tucky A fter the
, .

war he re turne d to hi s nati ve State w he re he has bee n ,

ho no red w i th se ve ral i mp ortan t tru sts amo n g th e m the ,

po s i ti o n o f w a rd e n o f t h e p e n i ten ti ar
y .

B ri gadi e r-Ge n e ral H ump hre y Marshall came o f one o f

the mo st d i sti n gui she d f ami l i es o f K e n tucky H i s fathe r .

was an e mi ne n t l awye r andj uri st, and hi s grand father

was H umphre yM arshall , the state sman . He was bo rn i n
Fra n kf o rt, K y , J an uary r3 , 1 8 1 2 , and w
. as grad u a tedat

WestPoi n t i n1 83 : wi thpro mo ti o n to b re ve t thi rd li e ute n - .

ant i n th e mou n te d ran ge rs H e se rve d i n the Black .

 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

H awk e x p ed i ti on, andwas made b re ve t se co ndli e u te nant -

o f the F i rst dragoo n s M arch 4 , 1 8 3 3 b ut re si gned i nA p

, ri l .

H e the n practi ce dlawa t Frankf o rt andat Lo u i svi ll e and

was successi ve ly captai n maj o r andli e ute nant colo ne l o f
,
-

K e ntu cky mi li ti a I n the M e xi can war he se rve das co l

.

on e l o f the F i rst K e ntu cky ca valry vo lunte e rs, andund er

G e ne ral Taylor wo n di sti ncti o n at the attl e o f B u e na b
Vi sta whe re
,
he le d th e ca va l ry char ge The term o f .

servi ce o f the re gi me nt e x pi re d J ul y 7 , 1 84 7 Colo ne l .

M arshall the n re turne d to hi s f arm i n K entucky H e .

decline d seve ral no minati ons, bo th State andN ati o nal,

b ut at last d
co nse nte to run f o r Co ngress, was ele c
ted as pre se ntati ve o f the Lo ui svi lle di stri ct i n 1 849
re ,

andat the ex p i rati o n o f hi s te rm was te e l e cted

-
Presi .

dent Fi ll mo re nomi nated hi m i n 1 85 : as commi ssi oner to

Chi na w hi ch po si ti o n was rai sed to a first class mi ssi o n
,
-
,

andhi s nominati on w as at o nce co nfirmed b y th e se nate .

Afte r hi s re tu rn h e w as e le cted on th e A meri can ti cke t to

the T h i rty fourth Co ngre ss and then to the Thi rty fi f th

- -
,

i n whi chhe se rved o n the co mmi ttee o n mi li tary afi ai rs .

I n 1 85 6 as a me mb e r o f the co u
,
nci l o f the N ati o nal
Ame ri can p arty, h e su cce e d ed i n h avi ng th e p l edge o f
secre cy stri cke n fro m th e ru l e s of the soci e ty In the .

p r es i de n ti al ca m pg
a i n o f 1 86 0 h e canvasse d h is State f o r
the ti cke t he ad e d b y J oh n C B recki nri d
.
ge Up o n th
. e

se ce ssi on o f the So u thernStates he rai se da large nu mb e r

o f vo l u nte ers f o r the Co nf e de rate army andwas co mmi s
si one d b ri gad i er general O ctobe r 3 0 1 86 1
-
, The di stri ct
.

o f E astern K e ntu cky w as assi gned to h im w i th i nstru c

ti ons to o p e rate i n th e mou ntai n passes on the Vi rgi ni a

b orde r On J anu
. ary t o , he me t F ede ral fo rces un
der Ge ne ral G arfiel d at M i ddl e cre e k i n Floydco unty .

A se ve re comb at e nsued in whi ch M arshall re pulse d

e ve r attack, b u t m any o f h i s me n havi ng be e n w i thou t
y
f o o d fo r se ve ral ho u rs and no p ro vi si o ns be i ng ne ar at

hand o n the next d ay h e be gan to re ti re to w ardM arti n s

’
,

M i ll . I n M ay b e de feated the F ed e ral s u nd er J D Cox . .

250 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

at Pri nce to n, Va , and saved to Co nfe d

. e rate use the
Lynchb urg Kno xvi ll e rai l road , fo r w hi ch se rvi ce he
re cei ve d th e thanks o f Ge ne ral Le e O n the 1 6th o f .

June he re si gne d hi s co mmi ssi o n, b ut was rea ppo i nte d

June z o th, to date fro m hi s first commi ssi on H e was sub .
.

se que ntlye l ecte dto the Co nfe derate Co ngre ss as a re pre

se nta ti ve fro m K e ntu cky, andse r ed o n the mi l i ta ry co m v
mi ttee H i s final resi gnati o nfrom the armywas se nt i n o n
.

June 7 , 1 86 3 , andfro m this ti me he se rved the Co nf ede r

v
ate go e rnment i n a ci i l cap aci ty Af te r the w
v ar he .

re turned to Lo u i svi ll e , Ky , andd evo te d hi mse lf to la w

.
,

soon ac qui ri ng a l arge practi ce . He di edat Loui svi l l e ,

K y , M arch 3 8,
. 1 87 3 .

B ri gad i e r-Ge neral o hn H u J

nt M organ made o ne o f the
mo m uni que reco rds o f the war b e t ee n the N o rth w
and So u th H e was b o rn i n H u
. ntsvill e , Ala , u ne 1 , J
1 82 6 When b ut f o ur ye ars o f age , he was carri ed b y hi s
.

father to the i ci ni ty o f Le xi ngto n, K y , whe re he was

v .

b ro ught u p o n a farm and recei e d a common scho o l v

ed ucati on H e was the o ldest o f si x b ro thers, all o f who m,
.

e x ce p t o ne , w ho was to o yo ung to ear arms, di dmili ta ry b

v
se r i ce f o r th e Co nf e de rate State s I t i s sai d he wa s a .

l i ne al de sce ndant of the ce le rated D ani e l M organ o f b

re vo luti onary fameIn the w ar . i th M e xi co , yo ung w
M o rgan rai se da company o f whi chhe was made capta i n .

Bu t p eace w as mad e e f o re he h ade nte red u b po n acti ve

se r i cev I t i s stated that u
.
po n th e di sb anding o f thi s
comp any, M o rgan i nd e mnifie d o u t o f hi s o w n me a ns
e ve ry man f or the hadlo st Soo n afte r the
time that he .

M e xi can w ar h e e n a ed
g g i n the m anuf actu re o f
b aggi ng and j eans f or the So uthe rn marke t At the .

comme nce me nt o f the w ar he w as detai ned at h o me b y

the i llness andd ea th o f h is wi fe As soo n as he co u l d do

.

so h ,
e se cre tly co ll ected a b ando f twe nt
y five me n, a nd -

le avi ng hi s home made hi s way to Gre e n ri ver and re

porte d to the Co nfederate e mcer i n commandthe re as
 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

rea dy fo r H e was soo n co mmi ssi o ne das captai n

duty .

o f K e ntu cky vo l u ntee rs and p l ace d unde r the co mma nd

o f G e n Si mon B B u
. ckner . . H e was sta ti o ned wi thso me
o th e r cava lry u pon duty on G ree n ri ve r H e i mme di .

ate ly b e gan hi s w o nd e rfu l career, kee pi ng the e ne my b e

tw ee n Gre e n ri ve r andB aco n cre e k i n a co nstant state o f

alarm A fte r the f all o f Fort D o ne lso n he was attache d

.

to H ard e e s co mmand and to ld to w atch th e mo ve me nts

’

o f the ene my Thi s he di d

.
, andi n a se ri es o f d ari ng ad.

ve nture s alarme dthe ene my e ve n i n the vi ci ni ty o f N ash

vi lle O n the earnest reco mme ndati o n o f Ge neral Be au
.

re gard , M
o rgan w as ap po i nte dco lo nel o f the Se co ndKe n
tu cky cavalry A p ri l 4 , 1 86 2 .A short ti me b e f o re B ragg s '

K e ntucky camp ai gn M o rgan, l e avi ng Ten nessee w i thless

than me n, pe ne trate da co untry i n the hands o f the
Fed e rals, cap tu red se venteen towns, destroyi ng all go v

cra me nt su pp l i es a nd ar m s i n t h e m , d isp e rse d1 ,5 00 h o me

guards and p aro led nearly re gu lar troops In hi s

.

ofii ci al re p o rt o f th ese Op e rati o ns mad e to G e n E K i rb

. .
y
Smi th, M o rgan says that he l e f t K no xvi ll e w i thgo o me n
andre tu rne d w i th havi ng lo st o f the numb e r that
he carri e dinto Kentucky in ki lle d, wou ndedandmi ssing
abou t 90 Du .ri ng th i s rai d he had destroyed mi li tary
sto re s, rai lroad bri d g es a n d o t h e r pr o p e rty to the val u e

o f ei gh t o r te n mi lli on d o ll ars I n th
. i s ex p e di ti on h e h ad

greatl y mystifi e d the ene my b y an i nstru ment hi the rto

unuse di n o fi ensi ve warfare Thi s was a portable el ec
.

tri c b atte ry I t w as only necessary to take d

. ow n the tsle o

g pr a h w i re ,
co n n e ct i t w i th h i s
portable b atte ry and
he ado ff andanswe r all messages p assi ng b e tw ee n Lo u is
vi lle andN ashvi lle Onhis re tre at Mo rgantook posse ssi on
.

o f th e w i re s o n hi s ro ute andco unte rmand edall th e o rd e rs

that hadb ee nsent to i ntercep t hi m I n reco gni ti o no f hi s

.

g re a t se r vi ces he w as , o n t h e s u gg es ti o n o f G e n e r al
B ragg, co mmi ssi o ne d bri gad i e r ge neral D e ce mb e r 1 1 ,
-

1 86 3 .H i s e xp lo i ts made i t necessary to garri son e ve ry

i mp o rtant to w n i n Ke ntucky and So uthe rn O hi o and
2-52 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

I ndi ana . most wo nde rful ex ploi t was the grea t rai d
H is
th ro u ghtho se States fro m the adto the zo tho f J u ly, 1 86 3 .

Wi th ab o ut ho rsemen andf o ur canno n he cr o ssed

the Cu mbe rl andri ve r near B urke svi l le M o vi ng ra pi dly .

f orwardhe me t andd e featedWo lf o rds Ken tu cky U n i on

’

co mmand A t B rand . e nb u rg o n th e Oh i o hi s b o ldr a i ders

ca p tured tw o ste amb o ats Then, w . hi l e o ne half o f the

co mmand crosse d the O h i o and attacke d abo ut
me n o n the Indi ana si de M o rgan wi th the o ther half ,

turne d hi s arti l le ry on tw o gunbo ats tha t had come

do wn the ri ver to p re ve nt th e crossi ng and d ro ve th em ,

o ff. The n cro ssi ng the ri ve r M organ d i spe rse d or ca t

p
uredthe who le F ederal f o rce N ex t he captu
. red Cory
do n and abo ut 1 3 00 ci tize ns and soldi ers who tri e dto
de f e ndi t N o pi llagi ng was allo wed Onl y pro vi si ons
. .

f or men and p ro ve nd e r f or stock we re taken A t last, .

afte r p assi ng th ro u ghfif ty tw o to w ns, nine i n Kentucky

-
,

fo urtee nin Indi ana andtwenty ni ne i n O hi o , andha vi ng -

cap tu re d nearly 6 oo o p ri so ne rs andd

,
amagedp ubli c prop
e rr y to the a m o u n t o f te n m i lli on do lla r s M or ga n an d h i s ,

menwere capture d So me we re se nt to CampMorto n I n

.
,

di ana M organ andhi s chi e f o fl

. i ce rs w ere take nto C o l u m
b us O hi o whe re they were trea ted like co mmo n fe lons
, , .

Bu t M organ andsix o f hi s o ffi ce rs w i thno too ls but case

,

kni ves, cu t the ir w ay thro u g h th e so li d stone tu nnel ed ,

unde rground and made the i r escape In 1 864 M o rgan .

was agai n i n the fie ld gi ving hi s ene mi es any amo unt o f

tro u b le On the 4tho f Se pte mb e r 1 864 at G re ene vi lle
.
, , ,

Te nn he was su
.
,
rro u nd ed b y th e e ne my andi natte m t
p ,

i ng to e sca p e w as sh o t andi nstantly ki lled Su chwas th e .

sadf ate o f th i s i ll ustri o u s ca valry l e ad er .

M aj o r Ge ne ral -
Willi am Preston was a me mber of the
Presto n family e spe ci allycele b rate d i nthe annals o f thre e
State s, V i rgi ni a, So uth Ca ro l ina andK e ntucky H e was .

b o rn near L oui svi lle , K y , Octo b e r 1 6, 1 806 , and was

.

ed ucate d at a e sui t schoo l at Bardsto w

J n, Ky A fter .
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 258

ward he studi ed at Yo rk datte nded the lawschoo l at

,
an

H arvard, whe re he was graduate di n 1 83 8 H e the n b e.

a n the pra cti ce o f lawande nte re dac ti ve l y i nto po li ti cs

g .

In the M exi can w ar he w as l i eute nant co lone l o f the -

F o urth K e ntu cky vo lunte ers R e turni ng ho me af ter the .

war, he agai n e nte redthe po l i ti cal fiel d, andi n 1 85 1 was

e l ected to the Ke ntu cky h ouse o f re p re se ntati ve s as a

Whi g I n the follo wi ng ye ar he was se nt to Co ngress to

.

fill a acancy cau v se d b y the re si gnati o n o f H u mphre y

M arshall, and conti nu e d to re p resent h i s State u nti l
M arch 3 , 1 85 5 whe n he surre nde redhi s se at to M arshall,
,

e le cted th e p revi o us au tu mn as candi date o f the Know

no thi ng party O n the spli tti ng upo f the o ldWhi g party
.

he alli e dhi mse lf wi th the D e mocrats andb ecame a de le

g ate to th e co n ven ti o n th at no mi nate d J ame s B u chanan

to the p re si de ncy U nd er that ad. mi ni strati on he was

se nt as mi ni ste r to Sp ai n H e re tu rne dh o me i n time to
.

take p art in th e gre at ci vi l w ar, e arne stly esp ou si ng the

cau se o f th e So u th H e j o ine d B u. ckne r at Bo w li ng

G re e n andwas soo n app o i nte do n th e stafi o f hi s b ro ther

i nlaw, Ge n A lbert Si d
- ne y J ohnsto n, w
. i th the rank o f
co lo nel H e was acting i n thi s cap
. aci ty at Sh i l oh whe n
the gre at C o nf ederate chi e f tain rece i ve d hi s mo rtal
woundanddi e d in Pre ston s O n Ap ri l 1 4, 1 86 3 ,
’
ar ms
.

he was co mmi ssi o ne db ri gadi e r ge ne ral, andhe the n too k -

c ommand o f a b ri gad e of B re c i nri d

'
ge s co rp s and k
serve d at B ato n R o u ge andi n mi d
Vi cksb urg ,
dle Te n
ne sse e H e le d hi s b ri gade i n the b attle o f M u
. rf re es

b e gre at ch arge o f B re cki nri d

'
oro taki ng p
. art i n th ge s
di vi si o n O n A pri l 2 8, 1 86 3 , he was o rde re dto re li e e
. v
Ge ne ral H M h
p y re M arsh a ll i n so ut h w es t V i rgi n a and
i
east Tennessee and l ate r w i th he ad
, q u a rte rs at A b ing

do n Va he commanded the first b ri gade o f Ge ne ral

,

Bu ckne r s army o f e ast T ennesse e A t the b attle o f

’
.

Chi ckamauga he co mmand e d th e d i vi sio n b ro ught f ro m

hi s mountai n di stri ct to the re i nf o rceme nt o f B ragg .

T hi s di vi si on i ncl ude d the bri gades o f G raci e Ke ll y and ,

254 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Tri gg Co mmander andme n ali ke made a glori o us rec

.

orda t C h i ckamau ga I nJ anu

. ary, 1 864 , Ge neral Preston

was assi gnedto the Trans M i ssi ssi ppi department, under
o

G en Ki rby Smi th, andon J anu

. ary 1 , 1 86 5 , he w as p ro
mo ted to maj or-ge neral Thro ughout the war G e neral
.

Presto n al ways p e rf o rmed hi s p art w i th the chi v a lro u s

co u rage f o r w hi ch the me n o f Kentucky were no te d, on

whi che ve r si de the y f o ught Af te r the cl ose o f the long
.

and sa ngu i nary stru ggle he re tu rne d to h i s ho me i n

Le xi ngton, K y , resumi ng hi s lawp
. racti ce andaga i n tako

i ng an acti ve p art in th e p o l i ti cal aff ai rs o f h i s na ti ve

Sta te I n 1 86 7 he se rved i n the l e gi slatu
. re o f Ke ntu cky,

andi n 1 88 0 he w as a d e l e gate to th e D e mocrati c co nve n

ti on th at nomi nated General H anco ck f or th e p re s i de ncy

.

M o st o f his ti me w as occ u pi e d, ho weve r, wi thhi s l ucra

ti ve law p racti ce andi n the p le asant retire me nt o f his
e l egant h ome H ere he di e d on Se p
. tembe r 3 1 , 1 8 8 7 , si n
ce re l y mo u rned , no t o nl y b y hi s famil y and lar g e ci r o

cle o f fri end s, b u t throu gh o u t t he b o un ds o f h i s nati ve

Sta te .

M ajor Ge ne ral Gustavus

o
Smi th was b o rn at
W .

Ge orgeto wn, K y , J anua ry . 1 , 1 83 2 At the age o f si x

.

teen ye ars he entere d We st Po i nt mi li tary acad em y, a nd

i n 1 84: he was gradu ate d w i th a li e u te nancy o f e ngi

nee rs . J
o i ni ng th e army i n M exi co i n 1 846 b y the .

de atho f hi s captai n he was thro wn into co mmando f the

o nl y co mp any o f e ngi neers i n th e army, and i n th at

cap aci ty se rve d i n th e si e ge o f Ve ra C ru z , and the b at

tles o f the f o ll o wing camp ai gn H e was co mme nd

. e dby

Ge neral Sco tt andb reve tte dcap tai n f or gallantry a t C e rro

Go rd o In 1 849 he e came princi p
. b al assi stant pr o fe sso r

D e ce mb e r 1 8, 1 85 4, to make hi s home at N e w O rl e a ns .

In 1 85 6 he re mo ved to N e w Yo rk Ci ty, and two ye ars

l ater was appoi nted street commi ssi one r, b ut re8 i gne di n
1 86 : to j o in the Confed erate mo vement H e was c o m .
 C O N F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

missi oned as m aj o r ge ne ral and put i n co mmand o f the

-

Seco nd co rp s o f the army i n V i rgi ni a, o n the transf e r o f

Ge ne ral Be a ure gard, andwas a t t hi s ti me se co nd in ran k

to Ge ne ral o hnsto n JH e co mmande d the rese rve at
.

Yo rkto w n andthe re ar gu ardi n the re tre at to R i chmo nd .

Whe n Ge neral J o hnsto n was wo unde d at Se ve n Pi ne s

M ay 3 1 , 1 86 1 , the co mmand o f the army de vo ve du o n
p l
Ge ne ral Smi th, who was at the ti me si ck, tho ugho n the
fi e l d O n the day f o ll o w
. i ng the attl e he w as re l i e ve d b
b y the assi gnme nt o f Ge n R o b e rt E Le e to the co m . .

mand o f the army af terward k no wn as the army o f

N o rthern V i rgi ni a This assi gnme nt was agreeab le to
.

and e xp e c ted b y Ge ne ral Smi th, wh o w as physi cal l y i n

an u nfi t co nd i ti o n to take co mmando f the army La te r .

i n 1 86 : he was acti ng secre tary o f war fo r a f e wdays i n

the i nte rre gnum b e twe e n R ando lph d Se ddo n H e an .

haddo ne valuab l e se rvi ce aro und R i chmo nd andpres ,

.

e ntly co nti nu e dthe se se rvi ces u nd e r G e ne ral B e au re gard

a t Ch arles to n af te r w hi chhe e ngage d i n superi nte ndi ng

,

the E to wa h i ro n wo rks fo r the a rmi e s unti l the y

were destro ye do n Sherman s advance Go ve rno r B ro wn ’
.
,

o f Ge o rgi a havi ng call ed out a mi li ti a f o rce o f abo ut

,

1 o ooo me n e x e mp
,
t from conscri p ti o n the co mmand was ,

g i ven to G e n e r a l S m i th wi th G e n e ral Too mb s as a d

, ju
taut ge - n er a l b o th o f
,
havi ng resi gned the ir
these o fi ce rs

m i ssi o ns i n the Co nf ed erate army I n this se rvi ce .

under G e ne ral J o hnsto n he o rgani z e d the State fo rce s,

a nd fo u h t th em w i th ve ry marke d e m ci e ncy u nti l the
g
su rre nde r , no ta b ly o n the Cha ttah o o che e ri ve r b e f o re

A tlanta , a ndo n the f o rtified l i ne b e f ore Savannah H e .

su rre nd e re d a t M aco n, G a , A p ri l s o , 1 86 5 Sub ao .

u l h e w as su e ri nte nd e nt o f the So u h w e ste rn i ro n

q en t y p t
works a t Chattano o ga, 1 866 7 o i nsurance commi ssi o ne r o f
-
,

K entu k
c y, 1 8 7 0 7 6 ,
a n d-
i n b u si nes s a t N e w Y or k C i ty
a fter ; 8 7 6 unti l hi s d e ath, J u ne 2 3 , 1 89 6 He p ubli she d .

“
N ote s o n L i fe I nsurance ,
" d
an Co nf e de rate War
$56 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y;

Mo ntgomery co unty Ky
in 1 81 0 Ge tti ng hi s pre p
,
ar
.
,
.

s to ry e ducati o n i n the schoo ls o f his nati ve co unty b e en

tere d the M iami u ni e rsi ty at Ox ford , vO hi o , he re he w
was graduated i n 1 83 8 H e the n studi edlaw, was ad .

mi ttedto the b ar, andat Pari s, Ky , b e gan the practi ce . .

H is pro sp e rous busi ness was lai d asi de when Presi de nt

Po lk i ssued a call for vol u ntee rs for the M e xi can war .

became l
co one l; serve d through the war andente re din
tri umph the ci ty of M e x i co . A fte r the proclama ti on of

p e ace be u
resm e d hi s law p rac ti ce i n K e n tu cky B ei ng .

possessed o f lands i n a f erti le po rti o n o f Kentucky he

also p ai d consi d e rab l e attenti on to stock rai si ng He w as .

a Wh i g in p o li ti cs, and as su chw as d e l e gate to se ve ral

conve nti ons of th at p arty H e was no t an u ltra State

.

ri gh ts man w as a l o ver o f th
, e U ni on andearne stl y o p

pose d sece ssi on Like many i nthe borde r So uthern S tates

.

he hoped for so me so rt o f compro mi se that wouldp re

se rve th e U ni on andave rt th e h orrors o f ci vi l w ar Ye t .

,

whe n Ke ntuckywas calle dupon for her quo ta o f troops

to he l psu ppre ss the so calle dre be lli o n hi s whol e na ture
-
,

sh rank from th e i dea o f coe rci o n andan enf o rce d U ni on .

I f he mu st fi h
g t he chose to fight for those w
,
ho we re
wagi ng what he co nsi dered a j ust war i n de fe nse o f thei r
ri ghts Th . ere fore at the first o p
, po rt un i ty he e nte re dth e ,

Confe d e rate servi ce as co lo ne l o f th e Fi fth Ke ntu cky

i nf antry, hi s commi ssi ond ati ng fro m N o ve mbe r r6 , 1 86 1 .

Thi s re gi me nt was mad e upo f hardy mo untai ne ers fro m

e aste rn K entu cky as sp le nd
.
i d mate ri al f or so ld i e r s as
co u l d b e fo und in any co untry F ro m the b lue g rass .

regi o n o f K e ntu cky he also e nro lle da bod y o f mo unted

ri fie me n co nsisting o f yo u
, ng me n o f fo rtune and e du ca ‘

t i o n the ve ry cl ass that he l p e dto make the f ame o f

, John
H M o rgan To thi s f o rce we re add
. . e d th e Tw e nt
y sec . .

o nd Th, i rty six th and F o rty fif th V irgi ni a i nf antry the

- -
,

E i ghth V irgi ni a caval ry B ai le y s and Edgar s b atta li ons

,
’ ’
 C ON F E D E RA TE JI I L I TA R Y H I S T OR Y .

an dthe li ght b atte ri e s o f arti l le ry o f Captai ns O te y and

L o wry . O n Ap r i l 1 6 , 1 8 6 2 , he was co mmi ssi o ne d as
b ri gadi er ge ne ral H e se rve d unde r H umphre y M a rsha ] :
-
.

i n e as te rn Ke ntu cky a ndso u thwes t V i rgi ni a. A f te r the

re mo val o f G e ne ral M arshall to a no the r fie l do f O e ra
p
ti o ns G e ne ral Wi l li ams re ma i ne d i n e ast T e nne sse e and ,

i n Se p te mbe r 1 86 3 , too k co mma ndo f the d

, ep ar tme nt ,

op po s i ng the advance o f B urnsi de to the b e st o f hi s

ab ili ty. I n N o ve mb e r, a t hi s o wn re q uest G e ne ral Wi l
,

l i ams was re li e ve d o f hi s co mmandandCo l H e nry L .

.

G i ltner to o k charge o f the b ri g ade . G e ne ral Wi ll i am

co nti nu ed h , ow p
e ve r, to O e ra te i n thi s re gi o n and in
,

Se pte mb e r o f 1 864 he l p e dto d e f ea t th e a ttack o f G e ne ral

Bu rb ri d g e u p o n th e sa l t w o rk s ne ar Ab i n d
g o n Va , He .

was se rvi ng under G e n J o se ph E J o hnston whe n the

. .

su rre nd er too k p lace G o i ng ba ck to hi s ho me af te r the

.

re tu rn o f p e ace he u
to ra ti on o f go o dw
,
se dall hi s i nfl ue nce to wardthe re s
i ll b e twe e n the re uni te dsecti o ns
- ‘
In .

1 873 a nd 1 8 7 4 h e se rve d i n the Ke ntu cky le gi slatu re .

H e was e l ecte dto the U ni ted Sta te s Se nate i n 1 8 7 9 se rv ,

i ng unti l 1 885 . Sub se que ntl y b e d e vo te d h i mse lf to

f armi ng i mp
, ro vi ng la nd s i n F lo ri d a and p ro mo ti n the
g
bu i l di ng o f rai lro ad s i n the mi ne ral re gi o n o f K e ntu cky .
 C H A PTE R I .

M ISSO U RI I N T H E WA R .

IN T R O D U CT O R Y—TH E A D M I SS I O N O F M ISSO U R I TO
TH E U N IO N- TH E B E G I N N I N G O F T H E CO N TE ST
B ET W EE N T H E N O R T H AN D T H E SO U TH —T H E
—
M I SSO UR I CO M PR O MI SE T H E KA N SAS N E B R A S KA -

—
B ILL N E W EN GLAN D E M I G R A N T A ID SOC IET I E S
—
T H E N AT IO N AL E LECT I O N I N r8oo TH E S O U TH E R N
ELE M E N T D I I D E D —D AN G E R O U S PO S ITI O N O F T H E
V
STA T E - N E W PARTY O R G AN I Z AT I O N S AN D L E AD
—
E RS T HE SOUTHWES T E XP E D IT IO N .

e li ng in M is

mo re than a
ge nerati o n p ri or to th at ti me . I t may b e sai dthat the
p ti ca l co nte st b e twe e n the N o rth andthe So uthbe gan
o li ,

o r at l ea st assu me dde fini te f orm wi th the appli ca ti o n o f

,

M i sso uri f or admissi on i nto the U ni o n, a ndthat the f e e l

i ng o f hosti li ty i n the N o rth e nge nde re db y that contest ,

tow ard th e Sta te has gro w

,
n wi th the lap se o f ti me to th e

present day D uri ng the se ve nty o ddyears whi chhave

.

passed, the habi t o f mi sre pre se nti ng the State and i ts

peo ple has be come fix ed andi ne radi cable .

In 1 8 1 9 Mi ssou ri so u ght ad mi ssi o n i nto the U ni o n o n

te rms e nti rely i naccordance w i th the req ui re me nts o f the
F ed e ral Co nsti tu ti o n and the prece de nts e stab li she d i n
the admi ssi o n o f o ther Sta te s —K e ntu cky, Te nnessee ,

Lo u i si ana and M i ssi ssi p pi i n the S o uth ,

a n d V e rm o nt ,

O hi o , I nd i ana andIll i noi s i n the N o rth—wi th the d i ffe r

e nce th a t th e forme r re co gni z e dthe i nsti tu ti o n o f d o me s

ti c slave ry andthe latte r di dno t

, . B ut i n e ach i nstance
the p eo p l e o f the Sta te se e ki ng admi ssi on haddeci de d the
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

u n he mse lves he te rri tori al law s o f Mi sso u

q e sti o f o r t T . ri

re co gni ze dslave ry O n th at acco u

. nt the N o rthe rn me m
b e rs o f Co ngre ss refu se d to admi t i t The So uthe rn me m . ~

b e rs favored i ts ad mi ssi on ho l di ng that the peopl e of

,

M i sso uri had a ri ght to determi ne the q ue sti on as they

ti on .

I n thi s the N orthw as mani festly th e aggre ssor Its .

w
pos i ti on had no arrant i n the Consti tuti on, in the la s w
o r i n the p re cede nts e ari ng on the su j ect
b The contest b .

th at fo llo w ed w as p ro lo nge d and i o lent, b ut finally the v

State was admi tte din 1 82 1 as the resut o f the
l d ption a o

ro mi se—
,

o f a co mp kno wn as the M i ssouri Compromise ,

the p ri nci p al p ro vi si ons o f w hi chwere that M i sso u ri

sh ou l db e admi tte das a slave holdi ng State, b ut after that

ti me th ere sh ou ld b e no slave ry northof the li ne o f 36
de gree s and 3 0 mi nute s whi l e i n States so utho f that
,

li ne fo rme d o ut o f te rri to ry emb race d i n the Lo u

,
i si ana
p u r ch as e s la,
v e r y m i g h t or m i gh t no t e x i st as the p e op l e

de termi ned in o rganizi ng State go ve rnments In this

way the i mme di ate questi o n at i ssue was se ttled, no t in
acco rd ance w i ththe law o r the consti tu , ti onal ri ght o f the

p p
e o l e or g a ni z i ng n e w S ta te s t o m a k e th e i r ow n la w s .

bu t b y draw i ng an arb i trary li ne across the co u ntry f rom

e ast to w es t and gi vi ng th
, ose on o ne si de th e ri ght o f

se lf governme nt, andd

- e ny i ng i t to those on the o ther
si d e .

T hi s arrangement w as not sati sfactory to th e p eo p le o f

M issou ri , b e cau se i t i mp o se d u pon the m condi ti ons on
e nteri ng th e U ni on w hi chhadnot be en i mpose d on the
w op le o f o ther States Bu . t it put a sto pto the a gi tati on
o f th e slave ry q uesti on fo r a generati o n as f a r as the ,

ad mi ssi on o f ne w States was concerned In the

.

meanti me ho we ver i t b ecame more andmore a po li ti cal

. ,

i ssu e attend, ed wi th a grow i ng fee ling of bi tte rness on

b o thsi d es Bu. t it d i dnot assu me practi cal for m again
unti l Cali forni a organi zed out of a p
, art of th e terri to ry
 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

u d m M x co ch efl he b lo o da ndco u
ac q i re f ro e i i y b y t rag e
o f So u thern so ldi ers aske d admi ssi o n i nto the U ni o n
, ,

whe n i t was revi ve d i n more than i ts o ri gi nal spi ri t o f

se cti ona l vi o l e nce .

As a ult o f thi s agi ta ti o n the M i sso uri le gi slature

res

ad op ted reso l u ti o ns afi rmi ng the ri ghts o f the State s as

i nterp re te d b y So u the rn sta te sme n and instru cting i ts
,

se na to rs i n C ongress to co o p era te wi th th e se na to rs o f
-

the o ther So uthe rn State s i n any m easu re s th e y m i ht

g
ad op t as a d e f ense agai nst the e ncro a ch me nts andaggres
si o ns o f th e N o rth Se na to r Tho mas H B e nton re f use d
. .

to o bey these instru cti o ns anda p peal e dto the peo ple o f
the State i nvi nd i cati o no f hi s co urse H e w as se rvi ng h
. is
fif thterm i n the Se nate andhi s ho ld o nthe pe o ple o f the
,

State was very stro ng B ut no twi thstandi ng hi s great

.

ab ili ty and p op ulari ty, he was b ea te n fo r re e le cti o n to

the Se nate andw as af ter ward su cce ssi ve ly d e f e ate d f or

go ve rno r andfor represe ntati ve i n Co ngre ss T he re so .

lu ti ons o f instru cti ons re mai ne du nre p e ale do nth e sta tu te

ho o lt unti l af ter the war T he y were a p . ro te st agai nst

the i nd i gni ty p ut up o n the S ta te i n th e terms i mp o se d

upo n i t i n i ts admi ssi o n to the U ni o n .

The e ve nts that f o ll o we d the passage b y Co ngress o f

the Kansas N e braska b i ll sti ll fu
- rthe r aggra vate dp ub li c
senti me nt A struggl e b e gan i n Kansas b etwee n the
.

p a rt i sa n s o f t h e N o rth and th e S o u th f o r t he po li ti ca l
contro the Te rri to ry, whi c h as ca rri e o n wi th gre at
l of w d
n
and co nstant y i creasi ng b i tte rness o n b o th si d
l es At .

firs t i t was a le gi ti mate co nte st between actual se ttle rs ,

but i t soo n be came o ne o f fr aud andvi olence E mi grant .

aidsoci e ti es we re f o rmed i n the N o rth whi ch se nt me n ,

b y the hu ndred s andth ou sand s i nto the T e rri to ry w i th ,

the B i b le i n o ne hand anda Sharp e s ri fl e i n the o th

'
er ,

who mani fested the i r f anati ci sm andlawl e ssne ss b y de

nou nci ng the U ni o n as a le a gu e w i thhe ll the Co nsti ,
"
tuti on as a co ve nant wi th d e ath and the nati o na l ,

flag as a daunting li e
“
T he y were o rgani z ed to p
.
lunde r
v C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

and kill M i sso u

. ri ans as well as se ttl e rs fr om other
,

So uthern State s went i nto the Terri to ry i n large num

,

bers to mai ntai n thei r o wn rights as de fined in the C o n

sti tuti o n and the laws , d the
hts of the Southas a
an ri g

j o int o wne r i n the co mmon te rri toryo f the country To .

some e x tent th e nati o nal au tho ri ti es atte mp te dto pre

serve th e peace , andke p t the combatants ap art, bu t the
stru gg le was re all y the be ginni ng o f th e war that follow ed
wi th all i ts atte ndant trai n o f evi ls M isso uri snfi e re d .

b ands ofN orthe rn e mi grants than fro m thei r fighti ng

cap aci ty . The i r e fi o rts w
e re di rected ch iefl y to ab duct
i ng slaves fro m the i r M issou ri o w ners, b ut the y d i dno t
di sdai n o the r cri me s ando ther speci es of prope rty when
op portuni ty o fi ered .

Thus M i sso u ri , fro m th e ti me i t e came a State —i nde e d,

b
f ro m b e fore that ti me —w as dee p l yi nvo l edi n the strug v
g le b e tw ee n th e N o rth and th e So u th, and was f tc
que ntly the sce ne o f the mo st heatedpart o f the struggl e .

The e x p e ri ence s o f i ts peop le i n the se ttl e ment o f K an

sas h adfo rce du po n the m a kno wledge o f what N orthern
supre macy me ant as f ar as the y and the p
,
eo ple o f the
So uth were co ncerne d The se thi ngs ought to ha ve

a uni t whe n the ti me fo r acti on came To so me .

e x te nt th ey d i d o r rathe r wo u
,
ld have d o ne so i f the ,

So uthern l eaders i n the State hadhada co nce p ti o n o f the

natu re o f th e cri si s th at confro nted th em B ut they .

we re po li ti ci ans me n shre wd enoughin thei r way who

, ,

kne wthe wri tte n and u nw ri tte n l aw s of party mana ge

me nt thoro ughly while war andre vo luti o n were e ntir e ly

,

b e yond thei r me ntal range and co nse q ,

ue ntly the y de o

l ayed hesi tatedandfri tte redaway thei r stre ngth l ab or

, ,
o

iou sly do i ng no th i ng u nti l the storm bu

, rst u p o n th em
andf o u nd the m to tal ly unp re p are d .

A t the pre si d enti al e l ecti o n i n 1 860 M i ssou ri cast i ts ,

e l e cto ral vo te f o r Ste phe n A D o ugl as I t was the o nly

. .
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

State tha t d i dso . The to ta l vo te was O f these

8
5 , 8 0 1 w e re g i ven to th e D o u g l as e l e cto rs ;
5 8, 3 7 3 to the
B e ll e l ec to rs ; 3 x, 3 x7 to the B re cki nri d ge e lec to rs ; and
to the Li nco ln e le ctors . T he vo te , ho we ve r, di d
no t co rre ctly re p rese nt the se nti me nt o f the p eo p l e o f the
State . C lai b o rne F J ackson was the re gu
. l ar D e mo crati c
no mi n ee f or go ve rnor . H e was a goo dman, i n a pe r .

so nal se nse , and thoro u h

g y l l o y a l t o th e in sti tu ti o ns o f
the S tate and the So u th . Bu t as a matte r o f po li cy he
declare d hi s i ntenti o n early i n the ca mpai gn to suppo rt
D o uglas f or Presi d e nt, there by g i vi ng hi m the ap pe ar
.

ance o f b e i ng th e no mi ne e a nd re p rese ntati ve o f th e

party T he more pro no unce d So uthe rn me n, the B re ck

.

i nri d ge D emocrats, re fuse d to fo llo w hi s l e ad, andno m

ina te d H ancock J ack so n f o r go ve rnor, w i th a fu ll e lec
toral ti cke t . No d ou b t Clai b o rne F J ackso n thought he
.

was acti ng for the b est i nte re sts o f the State andthe
ca u se to w hi ch he was stro ngl y attache d B ut he was .

not . H is preci p i tate mo ve me nt i n favor o f D o uglas

di vi de dSo uthe rnme n andpr o duce ddi scordamong them,
whe n i t was desi rab l e abo ve a ll things that they sho ul d
b e uni te d and sho u ld act to ge ther i n harmony Thi s .

was the first gre at mi stake made b y the So uthern l eade rs

i n M i sso u ri , andi t w as f o ll o w e dwi thfatal co nsi stency b
y
oth e rs th at b ro u g h t m a n y d i sas te rs o n th e p pe o f the
e o l
Sta te , and p ossi b ly cha n ge d the wh ol e cu rre nt o f A me r

The supporte rs o f B recki nri dge , o f D o ugl as ando f Be ll

we re i n the mai n appo se d to the se cti o nal purposes o f
the R e p ub li can party, to the e le cti o n o f Li ncoln, to the
p y
o li c o f th e co e rci o n o f the So uthern State s, andw hen
the te st came wo uld have be e n u ni tedi n re gard to the
pofi ti on M i sso uri should tak e B ut d isse nsi o ns andan
.

tago ni sms we re cre a te d among the m b y b ad manage .

ment The vo te sho we d the R e pub li cans were out

.

nu mbe re d nine to o ne T he i r strengthwas mai nly i n St

. .

Lo u i s and the coun ti e s along the so uth si de o f the M i s

 8 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

so ve r be twee n St Lo uis and Je fi e rson Ci ty i n

uri ri .
,

whi ch as w e ll as i n St Louis there was a large e l emen t

, .
,

o f Germans The see ds o f R ep

. ubli cani sm had be e n
so wn i n th e Sta te b y Th omas H B e n ton wh en h e ap .
,

p e ale d to the p pl e
eon s t th e i n
agai
s tru c ti o n s o f the l e gi s .

laturo tw el v e years be fo re I n the co n test w hi che nsue d

.

hi s friends hadestab li shed an organ i n St Loui s to adyo .

ca te h i s cau se and hi s su
, pp o r te r s u nd er th e l eadersh , ip
o f F ran ci s P B l ai r Jr. had been organi z ed i n to a party
, .
,

andw e re a co mp act andfan ati ca l fo rce i n th e bo dy p ol -

i ti c .B l ai r w as a mano f great stren gtho f ch aracte r and ,

a f e arl ess and sagaci o u s p arty le ad er I n the po li ti cs o f .

the State he w as an o u tlaw and i n the stormy p , e ri od

p r e ce d i n g t h e w ar h e w as m ore o r l e ss a re vo lu ti o n i st .

He h adn o th i n g to l ose ande verything to gai n b y a bo ld

co u rse B e si des thi s ci rcu
. mstan ces favo re d him Whe n
, .

Mr Li n co ln made up hi s cabi n e t his bro the r J udge

.
, ,

M o n tgo me ry B lai r was ap p,o i n t e d p os t m as te r ge n eral -

.

Thus F ran k B lai r was the u n que sti o ned l ead er o f a co nsi d
crabl e and w e ll o rgani ze d p -
arty i n th e State wi th th e ,

re so u rce s o f th e F e d eral go vernment p racti call y a t h is

di sposal as far as M i sso uri was co n ce rned andwas w e ll ,

fitte d b y n atu re ande xp eri ence to p laya bo ld part i n the

te rri bl e drama o f w ar andre v o l u ti o n wh i chwas imp e nd

i ng .

N otwi thstandi n g the co mparati ve i nsi gni ficance of the

R epubli can v ote i n the State , the contest was no t as un
eq ual as i t ap pe are d B l ai r kne w the e l eme n ts wi th
.

whi ch he had to deal as we ll as hi s o ppo n ents H e .

k n e w besi d e s what the po l i cy o f the F e d e ral go ve rn

, ,

men t wo uld b e and what support he co uld d epend on

, .

Bo thsi d e s w e re ge tti n g read y to stri ke a d e ci si ve b l o w .

B ut the So u the rn l eade rs w e re p layi n g an op en h an d ,

w hile he was pl ayi ng a se cre t one The State occupi e d .

a p reca ri o u s p o si ti o n I t was surrounde d o n thre e si de s

.

b y N o rthern State s whi chw e re organ izi n g andarmi n g

,

thei r ci ti ze n s to i n vad e i t The tro o ps o f I ll i n oi s Io wa

.
,
 C O N F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

an d Kansas were a l mos t B lai r s d

as m uch
i spo sa l asat
’

tho se he was acti ve l y b ut se c re tly o rg ani z i ng i n M i sso uri

B o th si de s we re wai ti ng
,

T he S o uthe rn le ad e rs di d
.

no t kno w what the y wan te d to do , and conse q ue ntly

we re no t doi ng anythi ng A s po li ti ci ans the y we re
.

shi rki ng the re sp o nsi bi l i ty o f ac ti o n, and w ai ti ng f o r

so me o ve rt act on th e p a rt o f the F e de ral au tho ri ti e s .

Thei r atti tude andp o li cy su i te d B lai r e xactl y H e w as .

wai ti ng, too , but at the same ti me he was wo rki ng wi th

a d e fini te i dea andai m H e was e x e rti ng to the utmost
.

de rstandi ngs and di sse nsi ons a mo ng his Oppo ne nts

thro u g ho u t th e S tate a n d o r ga
, n i z i ng armi ng anddri l l ,

i ng his fo rce s i n St Lo ui s . I n f ac t he w
. as ge tti ng th
, em

re ad y to co mmi t the o ve rt act f o r whi ch hi s o p po nents

were wai ti ng All he wanted was ti me andthe y were
.
,

gi vi ng hi m ti me .

At that peri od St Lo u i s was no t o nly the co mme rci al

.

bu t the financial andp o l i ti ca l center o f th e State The .

b anks the great co mme rci a l ho u

,
se s andth e manu f actur
i ng establi shme nts were l oca te d the re The rai lroad .s

ce nter e d the re . The n e w sp ap e rs th at mo st stro ngl y

i nfl ue nce d the tho ught o f the peo pl e andmo st nearly co n

tro lled the ir acti o n w e re p ub l i she dthere All o f the se .

age nci e s w ere co mbi ne d and w e re u se d o p e nly o r co v

e rtly agai nst th e i nte gri ty o f the S ta te andth e Sou the rn

cau se . The D e mo crat the o ldB e nto n o rgan w , hi ch was ,

establ i sh ed i n the first pl a ce thro u gh the infl ue nce o f

B lai r and was sti ll co ntro l le db y hi m was u
, nrese rvedl y,

for the R e pub li can p arty and th e U ni o n The B u lle ti n .

was ultra So uthe rn, b ut i t was ne wly e stab li shed o f

-
,

li mi te d ci rculati o n and i nflue nce and was short li ved , .

The R e pu b li can the o l de st pape r i n the Sta te andp

,
ro b

abl y the l ead i ng p ap e r o f the M i ssi ssi p p i v all ey ,

w as t h e

organ o f the banke rs th e m e rch,

ants the manu f actu
,
re rs ,

th e p ro pe rty o w ne rs andb usi ne ss me n o f the ci ty and , ,

to a great e x tent, o f the S ta te The p osi ti o n o f th

. e D em
 lo C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

o cra t an B ull e ti n w
d the as d e fin e d That o f the R e p ub .
~

l i can was no t N o mi n ally i t was So uthern in fe el i n g

.

and p o l i cy, b ut reall y i t chan ge d i ts co u rse w i the ve ry

ch an ge i n the si tu a ti o n, and w hi l e tal ki n g o f th e ri ghts

of the l n d h h n f h S ate w p l ayi ng i n to
p p e
eo a t e o or o t e t as ,

the hands o f the e n e mi es o f bo th I t w .as an e n emy i n

the campo f th e So u thern R i ghts me n andd ,i dthe i r cau se

all th e harm i t co u ld .

D uring thi s p e ri o d o f d o u bt and d e lay M i sso uri an s ,

had an o bj ect l esso n at ho me that mi ght have taught

the m a w o rld o f wi sdom i f they h . adch o se n to l e arn th e

l esso n The State had fo und i t n ece ssary during the

.

p re ce d i n g f a ll t o k ee p a co n s i d era b l e m i l i ta r y orce o n i ts
f
so u thw e ste rn fro n ti e r to pro tec t the l i ve s and p ro p e rty

o f th e p eo p l e o f the bo rde r coun tie s fro m the pre d ato ry

and mu rd e ro u s i n cu rsi o n s o f arme d b ands o f Ka n san s .

So b i tte r was the fee l i n g o f the Fre e State me n o f K an

sas th at th e y n e ve r all o w e d an o p po rtun i ty to harass ,

p l u nd e r an d m u rd e r th e p p
e o l e o f M i sso u ri to p ass u ni m
ro ve d A i n C p i n M o n tgomery wi thn u i n d fi
p . ce r ta a t a ,
e

ni te fo rce unde r hi m was parti cul arl y acti ve in thi s co n

,

e n i a l w o rk T h e o nl yo rgani z e d andarme d force wh i ch

g .

the State had w as Ge n D M F ro st s sk e l e to n bri gade

’
. . .
,

o f St Lo u
. is I t was a fine bo d y o f me n— a l i ttle army
.

i n i tse l f co mp ,
ose d o f i n fan try arti ll e ry and caval ry
,

and Ge n e ral F ro st w ho was a n ati ve o f N e wYo rk was

, ,

a grad u ate o f West Poi n t Tho u .

g h th e b r i g a d e d i d n o t

fight any b a ttl e s F ro st was an i n te lli ge n t o ffi cer anda

,

stri ct d isci p l inari an andhi s campai gn se rved a goo d pur

,

p o se i n i n stru c t i n g i n th e r u d i m e n ts o f s o ld i e rsh i p a nu m
b e r o f you n g me n who afterward made brilli an t re pu
tati o ns i n the Co n fed e rate army In p oi n t o f fact Ge n
.
,

eral H arn e y o f the re gu l ar army was e ve n tuall y se n t to

the sce n e o f di stu rban ce to h o ld th e l aw l e ss Kan san s i n

ch e ck . T he i n ci de n t d i d no t amo u n t to much b ut i t ,

sh o w e d th e fee l i n g b y whi ch th e N o rthe rn p eop l e we re

a n i mated andth , e i r ho sti l i tyto M i sso u ri andM i sso u ri an s .
 C H A PT E R I I .

THE L EG I SLA TU R E M E TS
E — GO V E RN O R STE W AR T S
'

F A R EW E LL M E SSA G E — V
GO E R N O R J A CKSO N S I N ’

—
.

A U G U R AL B I LLS T o CA L L A S TA TE C O N E N TI O N V
A N D To O R GAN I Z E T H E S TA TE M ILI TIA TH E
V
C O N E N TIO N B I L L PASS E D EST S
'
—V
E LECT IO N o r D E L E G AT E S T o TH E STA T E CO N
VE N TI O N —
F AT E OF TH E B ILL To AR M T H E
ST ATE .

E ge neral asse m l y b of M isso uri me t at J

e fi e r.

so n Ci ty o n the ad of J anuary 86 I and the

, r ,

So uthe rn e le me nt o rgani e d bo th hou

z se s wi th

scarce ly ahw s o of oppo si ti o n T he re was b ut o ne R e

.

publi can i n the se na te a nd i n th

, e h ouse th ere we re 8 3

D e mo crats , 3 7 B e ll me n and 1 2 R ep ub li cans It was .

conce d e d that the Se ce ssi o ni s ts co ntro ll ed the l e gi slati ve

b ranch O f the go vernme nt All that w

. as req ui re d to put
the State i n li ne wi th the o ther Sou the rn States w as

pro mpt anddeci si ve acti o n T he pe o ple o f the State e x

. ~

pe e re d such acti o n wo uld b e ta ke n andwere p re p are d to

upho ldthe legi slature i n taki ng i t .

The me ssage o f the re tiri ng go ve rnor, R o bert M Stew .

art, w as se nt to the tw o hou se s o n J anu ary 3 d Go vernor

Ste wart was a N o rther n man—a na ti ve o f N e wYork
.

anda fai r t
ype o f a N o rthe rn D e mo crat H e sympathi ze d .

wi th the So uthb ut he ld to the U ni on N o one , the re fo re ,.

was surpri sed tha t, whi le he admi tted the wrongs the
So u th h ad snfi e re d a t the hand s o f the N o rth, and th e

da nge rs that threa te ne d the co untry fro m the i nto l e rant

and aggre ssi ve sp i ri t o f the party abo ut to come i nto
po we r, he O ppose d se ce ssi o n o n the gro undtha t i t was
wi tho ut warrant o f law, and the se ce ssi on o f M i sso uri i n
parti cular on the spe ci a l gro und that i t hadno po we r to
12 C O N F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wi thdraw from U n i o n, be cau

the se i t be l onge d to the

U n i te d Sta tes b y the ri ght o f p urchase , havi ng be e n

fo rmed f rom a part o f the te rri to ry bo ught fro m F ran ce
by the go vernment
F ede ral In addi ti o n to de nyi n g
.

ge n e ra lly and Speci a lly the ri ght o f the S ta te to sece de ,

he dwe l t wi th e mphasi s o n the di vi si o n and co n fli ct o f

se n ti me n t amo n g the peo pl e o f the State and i ts ex
p ose d si tu at i o n s u
,
rro u nd e d as i t w as o n th ree s i d es b y
Sta tes l o yal to the U n i o n the ci ti ze ns o f whi ch w e re
,

alre ad y o rg a n i zi n g an d ar m i n g an d th e g
,
re a t d a n g e r i t
wo uld i n cur if i t attempte d to se ce de R e gard
“
i ng as .

I d e A me ri ca n Co n fe d eracy
”
o th he sai d i n closi n g as
, , ,

the so u rce o f a th ou sand bl essi n gs p ecu n i ary so ci al and

, ,

moral and i ts d estructi on as fraught wi th i n cal culab l e

l oss suff eri ng andcri me I would he re in my last O m
,

, , ,
ci al

act as go ve rn or o f M i sso u ri re cord my so lemn p

,
ro test

agai n st su ch u n wise andhasty acti on andmy unal terabl e ,

de vo ti on to the U n i o n so l o n g as i t can be made the pro

tecto r o f e q u al ri gh ts .

The same d ay th e n e w l y e l e cte d Sta te o fi ce rs too k th e

oath o f o fii ce and Go v C lai bo rn e F J ackso n se n t h

,
. . is
i naugu ral addre ss to th e tw o h ou ses Go ve rnor J ack .

so n w as a Ke n tu cki an o f V i rgi ni an ( 1a H e was a

mi ddl e aged man o f d igni fie d and i mpressi ve be ari ng a
-
,

farmer o f i nde pe nde n t fortune andhadbe e n a ci ti ze n o f

,

the State fo r fo rty years . H e was a forci b l e sp ea k e r a ,

d e bater rathe r than an o rator a po li ti ci an o f e xpe ri e nce

, ,

anda man o f p osi ti ve Op i ni o ns o n p ubl i c questi o ns upo n ,

w hi chhe gene rally hadthe co urage to act H e hadbe en .

conn ecte d w i th th e p o l i ti cs o f th e State o ff ando n for , ,

tw e n ty five ye ars i n a l e gi sl ati v e ca p

- aci ty andw as ch ai r ,

man o f the se n ate commi ttee o n F ed e ral re l ati o ns i n 1 848

4 9 a nd as su
, ch re p o rte d th e reso l u ti o ns i nstru cti ng Se n

ato r B e nto n and h i s co ll e agu e to co O p e rate wi thth-

e re p

rese ntati ves o f th e So u the rn States i n any p o li cy o f p ro

te cti o n they mi ght ado p t .In the co n te st whi che nsu ed ,

whe n Be n to n re fused to o be y the i n structi o n s andap

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 18

l d m h l e gi slatu h l e h e h d k en a
p ea e fro t e r e to t e p eo p , a ta

p ro m i n e n t p ar t a n d b eca m e re co g n i z e d a s o n e o f the most

p o si ti v e a n d a cti v e o f S o u th e r n l e a d e r s
.

In hi s address Go vernor J ack so n trace d the o ri gi n and

g ro w t h o f th e a n t i sl-
a v e r yp y a rt ,
a n d s h o w e d t h a t i t w as

i n vi o l ati o n o f the l e tter and sp i ri t o f the Co nsti tuti o n ,

se cti o n al i n i mi cal to th
,
e ri gh ts andi n terests o f the State ,

and a me nace to th e p e rp e tu i ty o f the U ni o n . H e re

vi e we d i n de tai l the si tuati o n as f ar as M i ssouri was co n
,

ce rn e d and d e clare d th
,
at safe t
y and honor al i k e de
manded that the State sho uld mak e co mmo n cause wi th
the o the r So u thern Sta tes The de sti ny o f the slave
“
.

"
ho ldi n g Sta tes o f the U ni on i s o ne and the same he ,

sai d . The i de n ti ty rathe r than the si mi lari ty o f the i r

do mesti c i nsti tuti o n s ; thei r po li ti cal pri nci pl es andparty
usages ; the i r co mmo n o ri gi n pursui ts taste s manne rs
, , , ,

andcu stoms ; th e i r terri tori al co n ti gu i ty andco mme rci al

re l ati o ns—all co n tri b u te to co mbi n e them to ge the r i n
o ne si ste rh oo d . A nd M i sso u ri w i ll in my o p
,
i n i o n b est
,

co nsu lt her o w n i n terests and the i n tere sts o f the who l e

co u n try b y a ti me l y d eclarati o n o f her de termi n ati o n to
stand b y h e r si ste r sl ave h o ldi n g States i n w h , ose wro n gs

sh e p arti ci p ate s and wi th wh o se i n sti tu ti o n andp eo p le

"
sh e sy mpathi ze s . H e o bj ected to a congressi o n al co m
m x u m d
'

p ro i s e o f e i sti n g d iffi c l ti e s as t e p y
or a r a n i n e fi ec t
i ve as hadbee n de monstrate d b y ex p
,
e ri en ce andad
,
vo
catedaddi ti onal co n sti tu ti o nal gu aran tee s . I n co n cl usi o n
he reco mme nded the calli n g o f a State co n v e n ti o n and
a th o rou g h re or g a ni za ti o n o f t h e S ta t e m i l i t
.i a

In p op ul ar esti mati o n the go ve rnor s address was no t a’

stro n g docu me n t It lacke d in n e rve and d eci si o n I t .

di dno t mee t the re quire ments o f the ti mes The peopl e .

we re i n te n se l y e xci te d andkne w i n tui ti ve l y that the i m

,

pe n di n g dan ger was gre at andthe ti me f o r pre parati o n to

mee t i t short The address w ent too far f or a pe ace doc
.

ument and not f ar eno ugh fo r a call on the part o f the

,
14 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

chi e f e x ec uti ve of the State f or the pe opl e

pre pare for to
war or eve nto put the State i na posi ti o n to def e ndi tse lf
, ,

i f ne ce ssary from e ncroachment and i nvasi o n

, I t had .

too mu chp o li ti cs andn o t eno u gh w ar i n i t to su i t the se

ce ssi on ele me nt, andtoo mu chw ar andnot eno u ghp o li

ti es to su i t the U ni on e le ment U nde r othe r co ndi ti ons

.

i t mi ght have b e e n co nsi d ered an e vi d e nce o f p o li ti cal

shre w dne ss o n the part o f the governo r b ut, as i t was i t , ,

was a dampe r o n the e nthusi asm of hi s parti sans The .

fact i s the Critte nden compromi se measure s ando ther

,

p pro o d ti o n s l oo ki ng to a re st o ra ti on o f tr a n q uill i ty w e re

p e ndi ng an d , t he g ov e rn o r tr u e to hi s p
,
o li ti cal trai ning ,

di dno t thi nk i t j udi ci o us to co mmi t hi mse lf to o f ar ei ther

way N ob o dy do ubted the i nte gri ty o f hi s mo ti ves or
.

hi s lo yal ty to the State and i ts i nsti tuti ons b ut a grea t ,

many and those mo stly hi s o wn parti sans doubted

, ,

whe ther he was the man fo r the crisi s .

The most accomp lished the cl eare st headed and the

,
-

stro nge st man co nnecte dwi th th e State go ve rn ment un

doub tedly was Li eut Go v Thomas C R e yno l ds H e
.
-
. . .

Vi rgi nian . He was at o nce a student , a cava li er anda

man o f the worl d H e was a classi cal, as we ll as a mod
.
.

ern scho lar and

, , as t e re u
h s l t o f consi de rab le expe ri e nce
,

as se cretary o f l egati on i n Sp ai n, w as an adep t i n the

myste ri e s of di plo macy andthe co urte sy o f courts At .

the same ti me he w as l earned in th e law a good sp ea ker, ,

andh adacq ui tted himse lf we ll i n se ve ral afi ai rs o f honor,

i n o ne o f whi chhe hadw ou nded B Gratz B ro w n, a vi o .

l e nt leader o n the U ni on si de .

I n the o rganiz ati o n o f the se nate the l i eu te nant go ver ,

-

nor w, ho was e x o fii ci o pre si de nt o f that b o dy, so ar

-

range d th e co mmi tte es th at th ey co u ldb e d ep e nd ed on,

unde r all ci rcumstances, to act whe n acti o n was re q ui red .

Bu t b e fore the me e ti ng o f the l e gi sl ature , o r ra th er b e

f o re hi s i nductio n into o m ce , he prep are dandp ub li she da

le tter i n whi ch he e xpre sse d hi s vi e ws i n re gardto the
 C ON F ED E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

co urse M i ssouri should pursue i n the cri si s whi ch was at

hand T he sub stance o f i t was tha t the S ta te sho ul d
.

ad op t de ci si ve measu re s a t o nce A s a co nse q

. ue nce b i ll s ,

we re i mmedi ate ly i ntroduced to call a State co nve nti o n ,

to o rgani ze arm and e q ,

ui p the mi li ti a andto ta ke fro m ,

the R e p ub li ca n mayor o f St L o ui s the po we r to call o ut

.

the W i d e aw ake s—a R e p

-
ubli ca n se mi mili tary o rgani z a -

ti o n— ln case o f p o li ti cal d i sturba nces i n the c i ty I n the .

state o f f e e li ng th at e x i ste d , all O f t

he se b i lls co ul dhave
bee n passedat o nce i f they had be e n pushe d wi th vi go r
andd e te rminati o n T he se na te acte d pro mptly, b ut the
.

ho use whi ch was large r and more unwi e ldy was di s

, ,

po se dto di scuss at l e ngth eve rythi ng that came b e f o re i t,

thu s cau si ng d e l ay i n the firs t
pl ac e ,
a n d pr o d u ci ng d i vi s
i o n andantagoni sm amo ng tho se who sho uld ha ve acte d
toge ther i n the ne x t pla ce
, T he b i ll to p
. ro vi d e f o r ca ll

ing a State co nve nti o n was pa sse d, a nd al so the bi ll f o r

cu rta i ling the p ow e r o f th e Rep ub l i can mayo r o f St .

Loui s, b ut the b ill f or o rgani z i ng armi ng and e q ui ppi ng

the m i li ti a—whi ch was b y far the mo st i mp
,

o rta nt o f the

thre e —me t w i th o pp o s i ti o n andw as no t p asse du n ti l the

Sta te was pl unge di nto war .

In the me anti me the So uthe rn,

d l e ast e xpo se d an

State s were goi ng o ut o f the U ni o n and tak i n g p osse s .

si o n o f the fo rts and arse nal s w i thi n the i r l i mi ts as the y

We nt—so me o f the m i ndee d b e fo re the y had f o rmall y
, ,

Wi thd raw nfro m the U ni o n G o ve rno r B ro wn o f G e o rgi a

.
, ,

se t the e xa m le i n ro m t acti o n b
p p p y se i z i n g F o r t P ula ski

andgarri so ni n
g i t w i th S ta te tro o ps be f o r e hi s S ta te had

ad op ted an o rd i nance o f se ce ssi o n G o ve rnor M o o re o f

. ,

A l a b ama se i ze d the arse nal at M o unt V e rno n and F o rts

, ,

M organ and G a i ne s whi ch co mm ande d the app

,
ro ach to
Mo b i l e T he go ve rno r o f F lo ri da se i z e d the arse nal a t
.

Ap alach i co l a and F o rt M ari o n a t S t A u

, gu s ti n e T
.
he .

go ve rno r o f Lo u i si ana to o k po sse ssi o n o f F o rt S t Phi li p .

andF ort J ack so n w hi ch co mmande d the e ntra nce to the

,
16 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

Presi de n t B uchan an o m
ci ally i nforme d Co n gress o f these

thi n gs, andd eclare d that th e cou n try was in the mi dst o f
a gre a t re vo l uti o n .

I n Mi ssou ri th e re were two arsenals—o ne at Li be rty , in

C lay co un ty, h w estern border o f the State andthe
on t e ,

o the r in the southern suburb o f St Lo uis The first was . .

a s mall aff ai r, o f no great i mp o rtan ce u nder any ci rcum

stan ce s . The second co n tai n ed abo u t 6o , ooo stand o f
arms, cann o n o f e verysize , anda l arge su l o f th e mu n i
pp y
ti o n s o f w ar . I t could hav e bee n tak en at any ti me for
mo n ths, wi th the taci t con se nt o f i ts co mman dan t, i f the
State au th ori ti es h ad p o ssesse d th e cou rage to tak e i t .

Bu t the y no t o nl y w o u ld no t authorize i ts sei zure , b ut

wo uld no t co nse n t that unautho riz ed parti e s—vo l un tee rs
who w e re re ady to act o n an hour s no ti ce —should take
'

p o s se ss i o n o f i t . I n fact, th e St ate a u tho ri t i e s prac ti ca ll y

sto o d gu ard o ve r i t andp ro te cte d i t f or th e be n e fi t of th e

F e d e ral au th o ri ti es u n ti l the y were ready to guard i t

themse lves and u se th e materi al i t co n tai n e d f or th e

o v e rth ro w o f th e State go ve rnment and th e su bj ugati on

o f th e p eo p l e of the State .

Bu t i n te rest ce nte re d on th e gen eral assemb ly rath er

than the arsenal When i t met i t was stro ngl y So uthern

.

i n i ts sen ti me n t, as has bee n sai d, if i t w ere no t i n favor

o f th e i mme di ate sece ssi o n o f th e State B ut i t w .as sl o w

i n getti n g to work, andi n a short ti me there we re si gn s

of di safi ecti on i n the ho use It w as comp
. o se d o f

D o uglas D e mocrats, B recki nri dge D e mocrats, B e ll men

mi nori ty , stoo d w e re co n te n t to pursue an ag

d al one an

gravati ng p o l i cy o f o bstructi on The o ther e l emen ts d

. id
not wo rk togethe r i n harmo n y O u t o f the e x i genci es o f
.

the ti mes new p arty ali gnme n ts arose The y too k the .

f orm o f Se cessi o n i sts Co ndi ti o na l U ni o n me n andU ncon

, ,

di ti onal U n i o n men The posi ti o ns andpurpo ses o f the

.

Se cessi oni sts and U n condi ti o nal U ni o n men w e re cle ar

a nddi sti n ct All me n kn e w what they mean t andwhat
.
 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 17

the i r l eade rs w e re dete rmi n e d to accompl i shat the ri s k of

the i r l i ve s . Co ndi ti o n al U ni o n me n we re an nu
The
kn o wn quan ti ty The y so me ti me s acte d w i th the Se ce a
.

si o n ista and so me ti mes w i th th e U n co ndi ti o n al U ni o n

men, b ut we re no t true to e i the r f o r any co nsi de rab l e

l e ngth o f ti me . T he y represen te d the weal th and the
co mmerci al andman ufacturi ng i n te rests o f St Lo ui s and .

the l arge r tow n s o f the State and chan ge d the ir tacti cs

,

co nsta n tly to su i t the ir i n terests On acco u

. n t o f the
w eal thandhi ghcharacte r o f thei r l eade rs, the ir So uthe rn
bi rthandassoci ati o ns andthe w e ak andhesi tati n g po l i cy
,

o f th e So u the rn l eaders th ey h adgreat i n fl u

, e n ce , w h i ch
a maj ori ty o f th em u se d to d o th e So u the rn cau se all th e

harm the y co uld I n no quarte r w e re the y mo re acti ve

.

and su ccessfu l than i n the de mo ral i zi ng i n fl ue nce they

bro ught to be ar on the l e gi sl ature .

A w ee k after the l e gi sl atu re me t i t p asse d the b ill to

call a conve n ti o n to co n si de r th e qu esti o n o f se cessi o n and

the ad op ti o n o f me asu re s to vi ndi ca te th e so v e re i gn ty o f

the State . The bi ll passe d bo th ho u ses b y a large ma

j ori ty . I n th e se n a te th e re w ere o nl y tw o v o te s aga i n st

it. I nthe ho u se 1 0 5 me mb ers vo te d f o r i t and1 8 agai nst
it Itw
. as co n si d e re d th at th e v o te agai n st i t re p rese n te d

the f u ll stre ngth o f the U nco ndi ti o nal U ni o n me n, and

i ts p assage b y su ch a large maj o ri ty w as re gard e d as a

tri u mph f or the So uthe rn R i ghts me n A f ter thi s the .

le gislature di dno t do an ythi ng o f i mpo rtan ce f o r n e arl y

three w e e k s whe n Ge o rge G V e st i n tro d u
, . ce d a reso l u

ti o n i n the ho u se i n th e natu re o f a re pl y to re so l uti o n s

ad op te d b y the le gi sl atures o f N e w Yo rk ando the r N o rth
e rn States te nderi n g me n andmo n e y to th e Pre si d e n t f o r

the p urpo se of coe rci n g the se ce di n g States V e st s re so l u

.
’

ti on sai d : We regard wi th the utmost abho rre nce the

do ctri n e o f coe rci on as i ndi cate d b y the acti o n o f the
State s aforesai d be li e vi ng that the sa me w o u
,
ld endi n
ci vi l w ar andfo re v e r d estro y th e h Ope o f reco n stru cti n g

the F ed eral U n i o n So be li e vi n g we d e e m i t our d u

.
, ty
no a
 18 C ON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

to de cl are that if the re i s any invasi on of the slave ho ld

i ng State s f or the pu rp ose o f carryi ng suchd octrine i nto
e ff e ct i t i s th
, e opi ni on o f thi s ge neral assemb l y that

the i r So uthern bre thre n to resi st d

the i nva er at all haz e

d
ar s and to the last mi ty
e x tre The resoluti o n w
. as

supported b y Geo G . . Vest Thomas A H arri s andJ F

, . . .

Ge o . Partri dge and ames Peckham, U nco ndi ti o nalJ

U ni o n men, i th e qual fe r or I t was adopted i n the
w v .

house b y a vo te of 8 9 to wi th o nly
1 4 , an di n the se nate

o ne di sse nti ng vo te The Secessi oni sts we re j u

. b i l ant for ,

they consi d ere d th at the Sta te w as so l e mnl y pledge d as ,

f ar as the le gi slatu re co ul dpl edge i t to resi st co erci on ,

andstand w i ththe So uth to the l ast e xtremi ty .

The act calli ng a State conventi on p rovi ded that th e

de legates sho uldb e e le cted on the 1 8tho f F ebruary and ,

that th e conventi onsh ould mee t andorganize at Je fi erson

Ci ty o n the l as t d ay o f F ebru ary M en andp arti e s at .

o nce ad dressed themse lve s to the work o f el ecti ng dele

gates A n alli ance , the terms
. hi ch no b o dy b ut the w
le aders o f the resp e cti ve parti es kne w , w as forme d b e .

twee n the Co nd i ti o nal andU nco nd i ti o nal U ni on me n It .

was the work of The mo re rad i cal , or

F rank B lai r .

rathe r the more b latant of the U nco ndi ti o nal U ni on men

opposed i t B ut they we re spe edi ly supp
. resse d b y B lai r

an d made to understand that the i r duty was to fo ll o w ,

wi tho ut questi o n whe rever he chose to le ad The U n

, .
~

co nd i ti onal U ni onl eade rs d i dmost o f the talki ng andap ,

pe aredmost pro mi ne ntly b e f o re the publi c The y we re .

stro ng i n w ealth i n soci al p

, osi ti on, andi n re p utati o n as
co nse rvati ve ci ti z e ns Almo st to a man thed
. be e n
i n ti mes p ast re p re se nta ti ves of So u thern se nti me nt .

T he y no wb ro u ght all the p ow e r o f thei r weal th re sp e ct ,

abi l i ty andsoci al p osi ti o n to be ar to co ntro l th e e le c ti on

andd e termi ne the comp l ex i on of the co nventi on T he y .

were good U ni o n men in St Lo ui s andthe larger to wns .

 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 19

of the State , andgoo d So uthe rn me n i n the co un try di s

tri cts . They d we l t up o n th e d an ge r th at w o u ld re sul t
fro m se cessi on and pl e ade d f or d e lay, co n ci li a ti o n and
co mp ro mi se .

The y w e re su ccessfu .l Whe n the co n ve n ti o n me t the

most remarkab le thi n g abo ut i t was that the re was no t an
avo wed Se ce ssi o n ist amo ng i ts me mbe rs . Whe n the
camp ai gn O p e n e d Frank B lai r s Wi d e awak e s i n St Lo u
’
-
.is
we re rapi dly augme n te d i n n umbe rs—Easte rn men sup
p l yi n g B l ai r w i th m o n e
y t o o r g a n i ze an d ar m th e m — a n d
assu me d suchan arro gan t andthreate ni ng de me anor that
Go ve rno r J ack so n w as ap pe a l e d to b y q ui e t ci ti z e n s f or

p r o tec t i o n . H e h ad n o au th or i ty to call o u t th e m i l
i ti a
whe n the l e gi slature was i n sessi o n and re ferre d the ,

matter to that body The se nate promptl y b y a vote o f

.
,

1 8 to 4, au tho ri ze d hi m to call o u t the mili ti a b u , t the

house n o twi thstandi n g the appe als o f V est C l ai b o rn e
, ,

andF re eman re fu ,
se d to co n cu r and St Lo u
, . i s was te r
ro ri zed i n to gi vi n g th e co mb i n ed U n co ndi ti o n al and
Consti tuti onal U n i o n ti ck e t a maj o ri ty o f Thro ugh
the p o l i cy of vi o l e n ce andfrau d i n the l arge r to wns and ,

of p ro mi ses and f alse p re te n ses i n th e co u n try di stri cts ,

the State declare d agai n st sece ssi o n b y a maj o ri ty o f

N or was thi s all. The h wi n g made b y the unho l y

s o

comb i n ati o n o ve rth re w th e se ce ssi o n maj o ri ty i n th e lo w

er h ou se o f the l e gi sl ature , andb l ock e d all l e gi sl ati o n f o r

p u tti ng the Stat e i n a co n di ti o n to pro tec t h erse l f T he .

bi ll for o rgani zi n g, armi n g ande qui pping the mi l i ti a was

unde r di scussi o n i n the ho use o n the day o f the e l e cti o n ,
andi ts ad vocate s w e re co n fid e n t o f se cu ri n g i ts p assage ,

but the n e x t d aya n u mbe r o f membe rs who hadbe e n cl am

o ro u s f or armi n g th e State re f u sed to su ppo rt the b i ll ,

clai mi n g th at the p eo p l e haddeclared the y di dno t wan t

i t to pass, and that i n o be di e n ce to the wi shes o f the i r
co n sti tu en ts they w e re co n strai n e d to o p po se i t .
 C H A PTER III .

THE STATE CO NV EN TI O N —STER LIN G PRIC E E LECT ED

PR E SI D E N T - C O M MI TT E E ON F ED E RAL RE LA
T I O N S R EPO R TS A G AIN ST SEC ESSIO N T H E CO N
VE N TION AD O PTS TH E R E PO R T AN D AD
JO U R N S— T H E H O U SE A G A I N R E F U S E S T O AR M
TH E STATE ST— LO U IS
. PO LI CE B IL L HO ME —
GU AR D S AN D M IN U TE M E N GEN ER AL F R O ST
—
-

AU T H O R IZE D TO TAK E TH E AR SE N AL B LA I R
APPEALS TO TH E PR ESI D EN T CAPTAIN NA —
TH AN I E L LYO N AT ST LO U IS —TH E L I B E RTY
.

AR SE N AL SE I Z E D —M IL ITAR Y O R G AN I ZATI O N S U N
D E R F R O ST AN D LYO N .

H E State v n ti on me t at J e ff erso n Ci ty o n the

con e
l ast day o f F e bruary E x Go v Ste rl i n g Pri ce a
.
o
.
,

Co ndi ti o n al U n i o n man was e l ec te d p resi dent

, .

H e rece i ve d 7 5 v o te s and N athan i e l Watki ns a half

, ,

bro the r o f H e n ry Clay rece i ve d 1 5 As soon as the co n

, .

ve nti on w as organ ize d i t ad j o urn e d to St Lo u i s the .

,

stro nghold o f U n i oni sm i n the State and put i tse lf ,

und er the pro tecti o n o f B l ai r s Wi d e aw ake s Insome re

'
-
.

sp e cts th e conv e n ti o n l oo k e d f ai r e n o ughf o r the So u ther n

Ri ghts cause . If the p eo p l e had no t e l ec te d Se ce ssi o n
i sts they had e l e cte d So u the rn men to rep rese n t th em ,

andmen wh o m th e y th ou ght they co u ld tr ust I t co n .

si sted o f 99 me mbe rs . O f the se 5 3 w e re nati ve s o f ei ther

V i rgi ni a o r Ke n tucky andall b ut 1 7 o f the who l e num
,

b e r w e re So u the rn bo rn .O f the remai nde r 1 3 w e re ,

n ati ves o f N o rthe rn State s thre e w ere Germans ando ne

, ,

was an I ri shman .

On re asse mbli n g i n St Lo u
-
.i s on the 4th o f M arch ,

the co n v e nti o n w e n t to w o rk i n earn est O n the oth .

the co mmi tte e o n F ed e ral re lati o ns mad e a l o n g re p o rt

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 21

thro ugh i ts chai r

"
man
J udge H ami l to n R Gamb l e
, . .

The p o si ti o n o f M i sso u ri i t sai d i n re lati o n to the

, ,

adj acent States wh i ch w o u ld co n ti n ue i n the U ni o n ,

w ould n ecessari ly e x pose he r if she be came a me mbe r o f ,

a ne w co nfed t o u tt e r d estru ti n w h n v n
e rac
y ,
c o e e er a y
ru pture m i g h t ta k e pl ace b e tw ee n t h e d i ff e re n t re p ub l i cs .

In a mi li tary asp ect se ce ssi o n and co nnecti o n wi th a

,

true p o si ti o n fo r he r to assume i s that o f a State whose

i n terests are bo und upi n the mai n te nan ce of the U ni o n ,
an dwhose k i nd fe e li ngs andstrong sympathi e s are w i th
the p eop l e o f the So uthe rn State s wi th who m the y are
co nne cte d b y ti es o f frie ndsh i pandb l oo d .

A t the same ti me the co mmi ttee submi tte d a se ri es o f

re so l uti o n s i n co n fo rmi ty w i th the re p o rt Geo rge Y . .

Bast move d to addto the reso l u ti o n s a de cl arati on that i f

the N o rthe rn Sta te s re fu se d to acce p t the Cri tte nde n
co mp ro mi se ,
andthe o th e r bo rde r sl ave h o ldi n g States

sh ou ld there upo n seced e M i sso uri wo uld no t he si tate to

,

g o w i th th e m F
. or t h i s m o t i o n o nl y 2 3 m e m b e rs o f the
co n ve n ti o n vo te d O ne af te r an othe r the co n ve n ti o n
.

vo ted do wn all ame ndme n ts or mod ificati o ns o f the re .

po rt o f the commi ttee and af ter a short di scussi o n

, , ,

adop te d i t as a w h o le I t the n ad
. j o urn ed subj e ct to the
call o f a co mmi ttee wh i chw as ap po i n te d f o r th at p u r po se .

The re al se n ti me n t o f the conve nti o n was e x p resse d b y

Wi ll i am A H all whe n he sai d : Our fee li ngs and sym

.

p a thi cs m a y i n c l i n e u s t o go w i t h th e So u t h i n t h e e v
, ent

o f a sep arati o n B ut eeli g s t

. f n i e m p y
o r a r — i n teres t i s
"
perman en t . I n the p ro ce e di n gs o f th e co n v e n ti o n th e

ordi n ary co u rtesi es o f l i f e w e re o b serv e d b u t the i n te n t

,

o f wh at i t d i dwas radi call y an ti So uthe rn -

The l ead ers
.

talk ed very mu ch as th ey talk e d i n th e camp ai gn th at

p rec e d e d th e i r e l ec ti o n as d e l e ga t es b u t w
,
h at th e y d i d
was what F ran k B lai r wan te d them to do The i r acti o n .

mark e d the abso rpti o n in great part o f the Co nd i ti o nal

, ,

U ni on p arty wh ,
i chhadgai n e d co n tro l o f the co n ve n ti on
22 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

b y f raud andf alse pre te nse s ,

b y the U nco ndi ti o na U ni on l
party .

While the v
co n e nti o n was in se ssi o n a t St Loui s the
.

So uthe rn me mb ers l egi slature spurred to acti on

o f the ,

b y the i mmine nce o f the crisi s andthe mo re ti mi d among ,

the m e nco urage db ythe ute atti tude o f the go verno r

re so l

andth e ap peals o f thei r leaders made ano ther eff ort to ,

pass a bi ll to arm the State The deba te was pro l o nged.

a nd b i tter .So me Cond i ti o nal U ni on me n came to the

ass i stance o f th e more p ro no u nced So u
urge di ts passage as a matter o f duty anda s es‘ ty— not
to ai d the So u th b u t to p ro tect th
the i

e State—b u
e n and

t the i r
n
gr '

ap pe als w e r e i n va i n The b ill was vo te dd

. ow n Bu t .

i n ano the r ma tte r the sub mi ssio nists o ve rre ache d them
se l ves .The te rm o f J ames S Gwe n as U ni te d States .

se nato r exp i re d o n the 4tho f M arch An attemp t had .

b e e n mad e b e fo re th e ex p irati o n o f hi s term to e lect his

su ccesso r . M r G ree n w
. as no mi nate d f o r re e l e cti on b y -

the So u the rn Ri ghts me n, b u t the su b mi ss i oni sts re fu se d

to v o te f o r h i m o n the ground that he was a p ro no u nced

Sece ssi onist Fi nal ly, o n the n tho f M arch, Ju
. dge Waldo
P J o hnso n w
. as e l ecte d i n p art b y the vo tes o f th
,
e su b .

mi ssi onists B ut when war became i nevi tabl e J udge

.

Jo hnso n resi gned hi s se at i n the Se nate e ntered the ,

So uthern army andfo u g h t f o r the C o nf e d e racy u nti l th e

close o f th e w ar wh i le M r G reen re ti red to p

, . r i vate li fe

and ne ve r sp o ke a word o r stru ck a bl o wi n beh alf o f

M i sso u ri o r th e Sou th .

B ut if the su b mi ssi oni sts i n the le gi slatu re co u l dnot

b e b ro u ght to antagoni z e the F ederal go vernme nt the y
hadno hesi tati o n in O ppo sing the R epub li can p a rty p ar ,

ti cu larly whe n i t was consti tu ted as i t w as in S t Lo u ,

is . ,

mostly o f Ge rmans Conseque ntly the b i ll to crea te a

.

b o ardo f p o li ce co mmi ssi o ners in St Lo u i s, the re b y tak .

i ng the co ntrol o f the p o l i ce fo rce of that ci ty o u t o f th e

hand s of a Re p ub li can mayo r whi ch the se n ate had ,

passe d on the ado f M arch was take n upandpasse db y ,

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 23

the house o n the 2 3 d It autho ri ze d the go ve rnor, wi th

.

the co nse n t o f the se nate to ap p o i n t f o ur, co m m i ssi o n e rs

who wi ththe mayo r, should have abso l ute co n tro l o f the

,

h h h ce rs i n th e co u
'
p o l i ce force o f t e c i ty, t e s e ri ff s o ffi n ty ,

and o f all o th e r co nservato rs o f th e p eace i n th e ci ty

andco u n ty It was ai me d at B lai r s Wi de aw ak e s, who

.
’
-

hadbecome , si n ce the re fusa l o f the l e gi sl ature to autho r

i ze the go ve rn o r to call o u t the mi li ti a to ho ld the m i n
ch eck, more arrogan t and o v erbe ari ng th a n e ve r, and

were a constan t me nace to the peace , pro pe rty andli ves

o f th e ci ti ze ns U nde r the lawthe go ve rno r ap
.
po i n te d
Basi l W D u k e, J ame s H Carl yl e, Charl es M cLare n
. .

andJ oh n A B ro wnle e co mmi ssi o ners The first three

. .

were So uthern me n, and the l ast, though a N orthe rn

man was oppose d to the coe rci on o f the So uthern State s
,
.

Bu t be fore the commi ssi one rs en te re d u po n the perform

an ce o f th ei r du ti es the e l ecti o n f o r mu
, ni ci pa l ofii ce rs
was he ld i n the ci ty, and to the surprise o f e ve rybo dy
D a ni e l G . Tayl o r, a D e mocrat, was e l ecte d mayo r b y
maj ori ty
a, 5 00 .

B lai r fo resaw the passage o f th e St Lo u is p o l i ce bi ll .

some ti me be fore i t p asse d th e hou se and ad o te d

p ,

measure s to coun te ract i ts cfi ect H e be gan re o rgani z .

ing hi s Wi de awake s nomi n ally a p -

o l i ti cal formati o n
, ,

ar mi n g ande qui ppi n g the m f or acti ve se rvi ce In d oi n g .

th i s he w as p lainly vi o lati ng and de fyi ng the l aw s o f the

‘

State . H e was o rgan i zi ng a mili tary force w i thi n the

li mi ts of the Sta te o v e r w hi ch the Sta te au
, thori ti es had
no contro l and whi ch was i n te nd e d to b e use d to o ve r
,

thro w the go ve rnme n t of the State andmak e war on i ts

pe o ple The State had no t secede d and the re was no
.
,

e vi de n ce i t w ou ld se cede The e vi den ce i n f act was .

, ,

strongl y th e oth er w ay B lai r de li berate ly put hi mse l f

.

in the p o si ti o n o f a re v o l uti o ni st He w as back e d by a .

se lf co n sti tu
- te d commi tte e o f safety of w hi chO li ve r D , .

Fi lley mayor of the ci ty, w

, as ch ai rman The first .
24 CON FE D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

H o me Gu ard co mp an y organ iz e d w as co mp ose d mostl y

o f Ge rman s, b ut hada f e wA me ri cans i n i t B lai r n e ve r .

sh rank from resp o n si bi l i ty, andhe be ca me captai n o f the

co mpan y In a short ti me e l eve n co mpani es co mpo sed
.
,

al most e n ti re l y o f Germans aggre gati ng abo ut 7 5 0 ,

o ffi ce rs and men w e re organi ze d ,

Thi s w as bef ore th
. e

i nau gu rati o n of Li n co ln and th ey w e re arme d i n p

,
art

b y the governor o f I ll i no i s andeq u ipp e d b y p ri v a t e co n

tri buti ons .

Go ve rn or J ack so n w as p o werl ess to d o anyth i n g to

on se t these p rep arati o n s o n th e p art o f B lai r andth e

U ni on men o wi n g to the re fusal o f the l e gi sl atu

,
re to

p ass th e m i li ta ry b i l l T h e.S tate g o v er n m e n t w as

e fi e ctu ally b l ock e d b y th e i nacti o n o f th e low er h ou se .

Bu t i n the Southern e l e me n t i n St Lo u is w e re a n u . mber

o f you ng men acti ve ande n thusi asti c i nthe cause o f the
,

So uth w , ho had pre vi o usly bee n held i n check by the i r

e ld e rs bu
, t no w d e te rmi n e d to act o n the i r o w n acco u nt .

Chi e f among them was B asi l W D uk e a yo u n g l awye r

.
,

fro m Ke n tucky and a bo rn so ld i e r, w ho unde rstoo d the

si tu ati on i n tu i ti ve l y and chafed at the d e lay andlack o f

pre parati o n o f the autho ri ti e s B e si d es D uk e the re were

.

Co l to n Gre e n e Ove rto n W B arre tt J ame s R Shal e r and

, .
, .

R ock Champ i o n , all as b rave ande age r as he was .

The se yo u n g me n o rgani ze d the mse l ves stri ctly i n ,

acco rdan ce wi thlaw ,

as Mi n u te M en The yd i di t o p e nly
.
,

be gi nni n g thei r organ i zati on the day B l ai r be gan to o r

gani ze hi s H o me G u ards The y fo rme d five co mp
. ani e s
whi ch, co mmand e d re spe cti ve l y b y D uke Gree n e B ar , ,

re tt Shal e r and H u
,
bbard w ere formed i n to a battali o n
, ,

o f whi ch Sh al er w as e l e cte d maj o r and i t w as assi gn e d

,

to F ro st s bri gad e w h i ch had se en so me se rvi ce o n the

'
,

so u thweste rn borde r The bri ga de aggre gate d 5 80

.

o ffi cers andme n .

The M i n u te M e n e stabli she d the i r hea dqu arters i n th e

heart o f the ci ty, b ut fo rmed and dri ll e d co mp ani es i n

o th er p arts .They w ere no t mo re than 3 00 strong b ut ,

 C ON F E D E RA TE JI I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 25

we re so d en thusi asti c andappare n tly ub i qui

acti ve an ,

to u s that th
,
e re w e re su ppo se d to b e te n ti mes th at m any
o f them I n thei r ze al to do some thing— to force a fight
.

—the y ho i sted the Co nf e de rate flag o ve r the ir headquar

ters and de fie d the H o me Gu ards to tak e i t d o wn Bu t .

the H o me G u ards or rath e r th e U ni on l ead

, ers d i dno t ,

accep t the chall enge The y w ere no t re ad y no r f or that

.
,

matte r w ere the M inute M e n f or they we re unarme d , ,

and th e re w ere no arms i n si gh t e x ce pt tho se i n the

In the arse nal ,

asd the re w ere 6 0
has b ee n sta te , ,

0 00 stand o f goo d arms wi th an abundan ce o f the

,

muni ti o n s o f war The M i n ute M e n wo uld have se i z e d

.

i t or d i e d i n the atte mp t if the y hadno t be e n restrai n e d

b y thei r co mmandi n g o fi cer H is p o li cy w as d e l ay
. He .

and those i n au thori ty at J e ff e rso n Ci ty w e re w ai ti n g

f o r the l e gi sl atu re to act andth e p e op l e to rise en masse ,

when the y pro pose d to de mand the surre nde r o f the arse
nal and i f the d e mand we re no t co mp
, ,
li e d wi th, to tak e
i t b y force B ut the go ve rn or bu
. sy try i n g to co n tro l the
,

l egi sl ature , some ti me be fore hadturn e d the matte r o ve r

to Ge n eral Frost andau tho ri ze d hi m to tak e i t whe n e ver
,

i n hi s ju dgmen t i t was e xped i e nt to d o so F rost .

acce p te d the tru st andh adan i n te rvi e w wi thM aj Wm . .

H B e ll the co mmand an t o f the arse nal and on the

.
, ,

2 4th o f J an u ary rep orte d th e re su l t to the go vernor .

I hav e j ust re tu rn e d f rom th

”
e arse nal he sai d I , .

found the M aj or e verythi n g yo uor I could de si re H e .

assu re d me th at h e co nsi d e re d M i sso u ri had w hene v er ,

the ti me came a ri ght to cl ai m i t as be i n g on he r so i l

, .

H e asse rted hi s d e te rmi na ti o n to de fe nd i t agai n st any

and all i rre sp o n si bl e mo bs co me from w h e n ce th
,
ey

mi ght b ut at the same ti me gav e me to unde rstand that

,

he would not attempt any d e fe nse agai nst the pr0pe r

State autho ri ti e s H e promi se d me up
. o n th e h onor o f ,

an o fii ce r and a ge n tl e man that he would no t suff er ,

any arms to b e remo ve d fro m th e p l ace wi thout first gi v

26 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

i ng me ti me ly i nf o rmati o n; and I promi sed hi m in ,

re tu rn th ,
at I w ou ldu se all th e f orce a t my co mmandto

pre vent hi m b e i ng annoye db y i rrespo nsi b le pe rso ns I .

,

at th e same ti me gave h,
i m no ti ce that if afl ai rs assu med
so th re ate ni ng a ch aracte r as to rend er i t u nsaf e to lea ve
the p lace i n i ts comparati vely unprote ctedco ndi ti o n I ,

might co me do wn and quarte r a pr0per f orce the re to

p ro te c t i t f ro m t h e assa u l ts o f m yp e rso n s w ha tsoe ver ,

to w hi ch he assented .

l t i s no t to b e sup posed that as sagaci ous a man as

F rank B lai r d i dnot u nd e rstand th e i mp o rtance of th e

arse nal, and th at as b o ld a man i ntend ed to allo wth e

e ne mi e s o f th e Fe d eral go ve rnment to ge t p osse ssi o n o f

i t wi tho u ta d e sp e rate stru ggle . B ut M r B uchanan was

.

Presi d e nt andw
,
as no t re ad i ly i nfl ue nced b y a man of
B lai r s re vol u ti onary temp e r and me th od N eve rthe
'
s
.

l e ss B lai r wo rked mi ght andmain dete rmi ned i f he co uld

,

no t ge t contro l o f the arsenal andarm hi s H ome Guard s

from i ts ab u nd ant mate rial to h ,

ave M aj or Be ll remo ved

andso me one ap po i ntedi n hi s place wi thwho m he wo uld

have mo re i nfl uence H e, there fore pre vai led on I saac
. ,

H Stu. rgeo n , assi stant treasu re r at St . Lo u i s an

,

ap po i n tee o f th e P res i d e n
,
t to w r i te to h i m , ass uri n g hi m
o f th e d ange r o f th e cap tu re o f th e arsenal andu rgi ng
that a force su mci ent f or i ts de fense be quarte redi n i t at
o nce . Stu rgeo n w as a So u thern bornman w ho was play
i ng a d ou b le game . He w as i n th e co nfid e nce o f th e

So uthern Ri ghts men andw as re gard edb y the m as o ne

o f th e i r nu mb e r A t the same time he was wo rki ng
.

se cre tly u nd e r instru cti o ns o f B lai r . H e wro te to Ge n .

e ral Sco tt to th e same e ff ect . The resu lt was that a

sh o rt ti me afte rw ardM aj or Be ll w as re li e ved o f th e co m e

mandat the arse nal b y M aj Pe te r V H agner anda de

. .
,

tachment o f fo rty so ld i ers was ord e re dthe re to gu a rdi t .

M aj o r B e ll was a N o rth Caro li ni an and So uthe rn man i n

hi s pri nci p les andassoci ati o ns . M ajo r H agne r was b o rn
i n Washi ngton and hi s asso ci ati o ns we re ge ne rally w ith
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 27

So uthe rn p e op l e T hough he was not as co mpl i ant a s

.

hi s predece sso r had ee n, he was no t di spo se dto b e co n

b
tro lle db y B lai r .

I n thi s cri si s f ortune favo re dB lai r C apt N atha ni e l

. .

L yon, o f the re gu lar army, w as o rd e re dto S t L o u

. i s wi th
hi s co mpany L yo n was a co a rse man, wi tho ut e ve n the
.

e xte rnal po li sh that usually characte ri ze d o ld arm y

cfl i cers. H e was a b i tter f ana ti c, andlo nge d, as he sa i d,
to ge t at the thro a ts o f the So uthe rn trai to rs H e was
.

co nte nti ou s, aggre ss i ve andd i c tato ri al—gre e dy o f po we r

andreckless i n the u se o f i t— b u t wi thal a tra i ne dso ld ie r
anda man o f great e nergy o f cha racte r . H i s arb i trary
te mp e r, h i s se cti ona l f anati c i sm andhi s di sre ga rd o f the
f o rms o f laww he n they sto o di n hi s way, made hi m j ust
the man B lai r ne e d e din carryi ng o u t hi s p lans f or su b .

v
ve rti ng the go e rnment o f the State andm aki ng M is .

so u ri a F e d e ral p ro vi nce , w hi le L yon nee de d the fine sse

a ndp oli ti cal i nfl ue nce o f B l ai r to put hi m i n a po dti o n to
e x ecu te hi s ru thl ess p urpose s T he two men se eme dto
m
.

have i nsti ncti ve l y recogni z ed the i r a ni ty andto have

f o rmed an alli an ce o fi e nsi ve and de f e nsi e v . B lai r di d
the fine w ork—the pl anni ng a nd p o li ti cal m ana ge me nt,
whi le L yo n unde rto o k the wo rk o f co mple ti ng wha t B lai r
had b e gun i n organiz ing, dri lling andarmi ng troo ps i n
v i o lati o n o f the la ws o f the Sta te . A sho rt ti me b e f o re
Lyo n reache d St L o ui s, he . w ro te a le tte r to a f ri e ndi n

that ci ty fu ll o f w rath and r ad i ca l se nti me nts It i s

.

p r o b ab le B la i r sa w th e l e tte r a n d k n e w i n a d va n ce th e

k i ndo f man he had to d ea l w i th. L yo n co uldhave had

no b ette r i ntro du cti o n to hi m .

Bu t the re mo val o f M aj o r B e ll and the ap p o i nt m e n t of

M aj or H agner to the co mmand o f the arse nal di dno t

whi ch was to ge t the arms i n i t to o utfit the re gi me nts

the y we re rai si ng and to garri so n i t wi th a f o rce that
,

would e ndthe que sti on o f i ts po sse ssi o n M aj o r H agne r .

was a co nse rvati ve man and re fused to permi t the m to

,
28 CONFED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

have nythi ng to do wi ththe arse nal or the arms i n i t

a .

Lyo n mad e a bo ld clai m to the co mmand as H agner s

'

rank i n g e m ce r. B ut first Ge n e ral H arn e y co mmand e r ,

o f th e d istri ct and late r th

, e Presi de n t d eci d e d agai nst ,

him and H agner became mo re fixe d than e ve r i n hi s

,

d e termi nati o n no t to distri bute arms to the H o me

Guard s . B la i r and Lyo n app e a l e d agai n to th e Presi

den t b ut could no t mo ve him The n B l ai r go t Sturgeo n .

to wri te Ge n e ral Sco tt be ggi ng hi m to rei n fo rce the

,

g arr i s o n w i th the troo ps a t J e fl e rso n B arr ac k s i n a ll 20 3 ,

o ffi ce rs and me n Thi s Sco tt di d anda f e wd ays late r

.
,

furthe r i ncrease d the fo rce mak i ng i t abo ut soc stro n g ,

.

Sti l l B l ai r andLyo n w ere no t sati sfie d andB lai r we n t to ,

Washi ngto n and be so ught the Pre si de n t to assi gn Lyo n

to the command o f the arse nal B ut the Pre si de n t re .

f used to make a chan ge as he had o nl y a fe wdays to ,

se rve . Lyo n l ost all p ati e n ce and sai d i n a l e tte r to

,

B lai r that H agn e r s co u rse w e resu

'
as th l t e i the r o f
“

i mbe ci li ty o r d amn e d vi ll ai ny andd e clare d if i t b ecame

”
,

n e ce ssary he w ould pi tch hi m i nto the ri ve r

“ " B ut .

di re ctl y af te r L i nco ln s i naugurati o n andthe appoi n tme n t

’

o f M o n tgo me ry B l ai r a me mb e r o f h i s cabi n e t Lyo n w as ,

assi gne d to th e cove te d co mman d H e at o n ce b e gan to .

put the arse nal i n a state o f d e fe nse b y occupyi ng wi th ,

ou t w arran t o f law the su rro u

, n di n g he ights andplan t ,

i ng arti ll ery u po n th em t o co mmand th e ci t y an dthe

ap pro ache s to i t .

Du ri n g th e se e ve n ts Ge n eral F ro st w ,
as ge tti n g re ad y
to tak e the arse nal b u t n e ver qu
,
i te succe e d e d i n co mp le t
i ng his p re p arati o n s He d i dno t thi n k i t e xp
. e di e n t to

t M aj o r B e ll s o fl ermi t hi m to qu
’
a cce p e r to p arte r troo p s

i n i t to pro tect i t fro m the assau l ts o f i rrespon si b l e

p art i e s ,
no r d i dh e th i n k i t p r u d e n t to ac t w h i l e t h e co n
test was goi ng o n be twee n M aj o r H agn e r andCap tai n
L yo n i n re gard to the i r re sp ec ti ve ri gh ts to the co mmand .

B ut af ter Lyo n had o b tai n ed the co mmand and had ,

o ccu pi e d the surro u nd i n g he i ghts and fo rtifie d the m he ,

 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 29

be gan mi ght b e w e ll to do so me thi n g parti e

to t hi n k i t ,

ularly as the autho ri ti es o f the Co nfed e rate go ve rn me n t

had urge d up o n th e au thori ti es o f M i sso uri th e i mp or

tan ce o f ge tti n g pm i m o f the arse na l andthe arms i n

it. H e the re fo re pre p
,
are d a memo ri al to th
,
e go ve rn or

to the e fl ect that h e sh ou ld se nd anage nt to the South to

u m andsi e ge gu n h at h e sh ul d p v n
pro c re o rt ar s s ; t o r e e t
the garri soni n g of the l i ttl e arse nalLi be rty; that he
at

sho uld or e r d hi m to fo rm a mi l i tary campo f i n structi o n

a t or near St Lo ui s wi th authori ty to muste r mi l i tary
.
,

co mp an i es i n to th e se rvi ce o f th e State erect batte ri e s ,

and d o oth e r w arli k e th i n gs f o r the p ro te cti o n o f th e

State ; that he sho u ld i ssue a pro clamati o n i n fo rmi n g the

p peo l e o f M i sso u r i th a t P re si d e n t L i nco ln h ad acte d

i ll e gall y in cal li n g o u t tro op s andth at h e sh

, ou ld convene
the gene ral asse mb l y i n e x tra sessi o n at o n ce .

The se thi n gs the go ve rnor d i d To Mr Li n co ln s cal l

’
. .

f or troo p sh e re li e d th n o t a man w o u ld h S of
p at t e tat e
"
M isso uri furn i sh to carry on su . ch an u nho l y crusade .

H e se n t Captai ns D uk e andG re e ne to M o n tgome ry wi th

a l etter to th e Presi de n t o f th e Co n fe d eracy re q u e sti n g ,

hi m to furn ishthe si e ge guns and mo rtars re qui re d to

re du ce th e arse nal H e call e d the l e gi slatu
. re to ge th er i n

e x tra se ssi o n and h , e ord e re d th e co mman d i n g o fii ce rs

o f th e se ve ral mi l i tary d i stri cts o f th e State to asse mb l e

thei r co mmands o n the 3 do f M ay andgo w i th the m i n to

e n camp me n t f o r si x days The arse n al at Li be rty had
.

al re ad y be e n tak e n b y th e So u thern me n i n the w e ste rn

o f th e Sta te w h hadgo t ti re d o f w ai ti n g f or o rd e rs
p ar t ,o

or p e rmi ssi o n to tak e i t and h ad acte d on th

, e ir o w n
resp o n si bi l i ty . The y go t wi th i t ab o u t a tho u sand

musk ets f our b rass fie ldpi ece s and a small amo un t o f

,
o

ammu ni ti o n Ge ne ral F ro st w e n t i n to e ncampmen t o n

.

the western o u tsk i rts o f St Lo u i s andhi s co mmand was

.
,

stre n gth e ne d b y Li eu t Co l J o hn S B o w e n s b attal i o n

’
-
. . .
,

whi ch had be e n o n duty i n the so uthwe st B e si d es a .

,

g o o d m a n yy ou n g m e n fr o m d i ff e re n t p ar ts o f th e S t ate
so CONF E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

j o ined diflere nt mmands te mp

co orarily to ge t an i d e a of
the d uti es o f a so ldi er B lai r andLyo n knewwha t the
.

Southe rn me n w e re doi ng ab o u t as w e ll as the y kne w

the mse lve s, andat once made p re parati on s to anti ci pate

them at all p o ints Lyon go t au

. thori ty from the war d e

partment to take stand o f arms from th e arse nal to

arm lo yal ci tize ns — that i s to say, the H o me Gu ard s —and

he pu sh edw i thgre at vi gor the re cru i ti ng of new re gi
ments .

Ge n Wi lliam S H arney, w
. . ho was i n co mmand o f the
di stri ct, was So uthern b orn andSo uthern i n all hi s asso
ci ati ons, and e nti rely too co nservati ve to sui t Blai r and
Lyo n and the y had b e e n unceasi ng i n the i r e fi o rts to
,

ge t hi m remo ved The y had not su

. cce eded b u
,
t L yon
go t hi s authori ty to act d i re ctly from the w ar d ep art
ment H e hadno wfive re giments B lai r was co l o ne l of
. .

the first re gi ment and J ohn M Scho field w

, . as m aj o r .

Lyon was gi ve n command o f the b ri gad e an d made

b ri gadi er ge neral
-
H e had u
. nde r hi s co mmand mo re
than me n whi l e near hi m lay encampe dthe o nly
—
,

organi ze dmi li tar f f t h S t t less than 7 0 0 m en

y orce o e a e .

H e and B lai r were nowready to stri ke—to commi t the

overt act f or w hi ch the So uthern l eaders hadb e e n so
long wai ti ng .
 C H A PT E R I V .

PR ES I D E N T D A I S S E N D S SI EG E G U N S—
V B LA I R A N D
LYO N PRE PAR E TO TA K E TH E CA M P A N D TH E
G U NS — —
F R O ST S U R RE N D E R S H O ME GU AR D S F I R E
O N T H E C R O WD —T H E L E G I S LA T U R E A CTS PR O M PT
—
.

LY R E I G N O F T E R R O R I N ST LO UI S—TH E L E G I S
—
.

V
LAT U RE PR O I D ES A M I LI TAR Y F UN D S T E R L I N G
PR I C E C O M M AN D E R O F T H E STATE G U A R D —T H E
PR IC E - H A R N E Y A G R E E M E N T—B A R N ES! S U P PLA N T
E D B Y LYO N — '
T H E PLAN T E R S H O U S E CO N F E R E N CE .

HE mi ssi o n upo n whi ch C apt B asi l W D uke and. .

C a pt Co lto n G re e ne had b e e n se nt to M o ntgo m

.

e ry was su cce ssf u l andi n due ti me two i s p

, ou nd -

ho wi tze rs and two 3 z p ou nd si e ge g u

-
ns wi th a sup ply
,
.

o f ammu ni ti o n rea che d St L o ui s andwe re tu

, . rne do ve r

to M a j o r Shal e r o f F rost s b ri gade and take n to Camp

’
, ,

J ackso n T ho ugh a n e ff o rt was made to kee pthe arri val

.

o f the gu ns se cre t B la i r and Lyo n kne w all ab o u

,
t it In .

f act the day af te r the i r arri val L yo n vi si te dthe campi n

,

di sgui se and pro f esse d to re co gniz e the guns as U ni ted

,

Sta te s pro pe rty tak en fro m the arse nal a t B a to n R o u g e .

Thi s was as go o d a prete xt f o r b e gi nni ng ho s ti li ti es as

he and B la i r wante d T he y the re f o re
.
, p ro cee d at ,

o nce to mak e i n f h u f he camp

p p
re a ra t o s o r t e c a
pt re o t .

So me o f the me mb e rs o f the c ommi tte e o f saf e ty o b j e cted

to su ch warl i ke p ro ce e di ng i n vi o l a ti o n o f the law s o f the
Sta te andi nsi ste dtha t the prope rty sho uld b e re co vere d
,

b y le g al proce ss b ut they finally yi e lde d wi th the und

, ,
er

stand i ng tha t the U ni te d Sta tes m a rsha l sho uld headthe

co l umn that was to ma rchag ai nst the ca m p andde mand ,

the surre nd e r o f the p ro p e rty w hi le the mi li ta ry sho uld

,

b e he ld i n rese rve to ai d hi m i n an e me rg e ncy Lyon .

32 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

pro f esse d to acq ui esce i n thi s arrangeme nt b ut re a lly ,

had no i nte nti o n o f acti ng in acco rdance wi th i t H e

i ththe o m
.

i nte nd e dto cap ture th e camp w ,

cers andme n

and th e mate ri al o f w ar i n i t i n th e h ars h e st manner

,

p oss i ble or
, te ar i t to p i ece s w i th hi s arti llery I t was .

plannedto make the attack on the next day the ro th of ,

F rost hadheardfre q ue ntly duri ng the two days pre .

ce di ng the attack that i t was to b e mad e , andrece i ved

pos i tive i nf o rmati o n on th e mo rni ng o f th e ro th tha t it

wo uldb e made that day O n the strength o f thi s i nf o r
.

mati o n he wro te Lyo n a le tte r, in w hi chhe assure d hi m

that ne i the r he no r any p art o f hi s commandhadany

hosti le i ntenti on to wardthe U ni tedState s go vernme nt,

i ts p rop erty or i ts re p v
rese ntati e s, and i n co nclu si o n

sai d: I tru st, afte r th i s expli ci t state me nt, w e may b e

ab le, b y f u lly u nd e rstand i ng e acho ther, to kee pfar f ro m
ou r b o rd ers th e mi sf o rtu ne s whi ch unhap pily affli ct o u r
"
co mmo n cou ntry. Co l o hn S B o we n was the b earer
. J .

o f th e le tte r, b u t Lyon re f u sed to rece i ve i t He d

. i dno t
want to come to an unde rstandi ng i n regard to the pro p
erty o f h i s governme nt, whi chi t w as h is pro f essedd esire

to re clai m . H e at o nce p ut hi s troops i n mo ti o n and

marched di rect to the camp Arri vi ng the re he sur.

ro u nd e di t o n e ve ry si d e w i thhi s i nfantry to pre ve nt the

escap e o f th e o fi cers and me n, andp ut hi s arti ll ery in
p o si ti o n to d vri e th em o u t of it The n he se nt a stafi
.

o fi ce r to Ge ne ral F rost and d e mand e d th e i mme d i ate

andu nco nd i ti onal su rre nd er o f h i s co mmand Promp . tly
and w i tho ut parle y F rost su rre nd ered A gre at crow
. d
o f ci ti ze ns, many o f th em w o men andch ild re n, hadcol

lected abo ut the camp, and whe n the so ld i ers sta cked
the ir arms andmarche d ou t on the i r w ay to p ri so n, th e

crow d b e gan to j eer and mock at the ir capto rs, who re

sente dth e i nd v
i gni ty b y firi ng vo lle y af te r o lle y into the
cro w d the firi ng e xte ndi ng in re gular succe ssi o n down
,

the li ne o f tro o p .s Twe nty e i ght p

-
e rso ns w e re ki lle do r
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wo unde d A m ong the ki lle dwe re thre e o f the pri so ne rs

.

a nda chi l di n the arm s o f i ts mo ther .

G e ne ral F ros t s f o rce was o utnumb e redten to o ne , a nd

‘

he , no doub t, tho ug ht a usal

re f urre nde r wo uldre sult
to s

i n an una vai l i ng l o ss o f l if e B ut why d

. i d he put hi m
se lf i h a p o si ti o n to p ro vo ke a n attack if h e d i dno t i nte nd
,

to fight? Why di d he ask f o r si e g e guns to re duce the

arse nal, i f he co u ld no t kee pthe m when he go t the m ? I f
he co uld no t de f e nd hi mse lf why di d he no t re trea t?
,

H e kne w f o r two days that he w as li ab le to b e atta cke d ,

a nd f o r se veral ho u rs that he ce rta i nly w ou ldb e He .

ha d two saf e li ne s o f re tr e a t O pe n to hi m A march o f .

1 5 mi l es o ve r a maca d ami z e d ro ad w ou ld have put hi m

b e hi ndthe M era mac ri ve r ; o r o f so m i le s ove r an e q ,
ually
g o o d roa d a c ro, ss the M is so u r i r i ver a t S t C h a rl e s.
; and

in e i the r case rei nf o rce ments wo ul dhave come to hi m

e ve ry hou r o f th e d ay andni gh t I n fact, why d
.
i dhe
no t ta k e the arse nal lo ng b e f o re ? H e hadthe autho ri ty
to d o i t andcou
, ld have d o ne i t a t any ti me f o r m onths .

T he par ti sans o f the So uth througho ut the Sta te we re

di she a rtene d be cause those i n a utho ri ty di dno t do any
thi ng the mse l ve s a nd w ou ldno t allo w o thers to d o any

thi ng .The y kne w the p o sse ss i o n o f the arse nal w as

e sse ntia l to the i r ca u se The p

. o sse ssi o n o f i t w ou ldhave
b ee n f o llo we d b y the enro llme nt o f an army o f
me n at any ti me . Ye t whe n i t was o ff e re d to hi m Fro st
de cli ne d to a cce pt i t—andwhe n i t was lost b e yo ndhope
he aske df o r si ege guns to re duce i t .

A t the ti me o f the ca ptu re o f C amp J a ckso n the le gi s ,

l

la ture was i n se ssi o n i t ha vi ng me t o n the cal l o f the

,

g o ve rn o r o n M ay 2 d . T h e go v e r n or h a d a pp e a l e d t o it

i n vai n to pu t the S ta te i n a co nd i ti o n to de f end i tself .

Whe n the ne ws o f F ro st s surre nde r hi s m e n he ld pfi 8

'
,
~

o ne rs o f wa r b y th e H o me G u ard s a n d th e w a n to n ki ll

i ng o f wo me n andchildre n, re ache dthe ca pi ta l, the mil

i tary bi ll was unde r di scussi on wi thb ut li ttl e pro sp
,
e ct O f

i ts passage B ut i nsta ntl y the o p i i n o i t vani sh ed

,
p o s t o t ,

l o 0
84 CONF ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

an di n less than half an ho u r the b i ll w as p a sse db y b o th

ho use s and si gned b y the go ve rno r D uring the ni ght .

the chu rchb e lls rang o u t andth e le gislatu r e me t a g ain ,

and w as i nfo rmed b y th e go ve rno r that i t w as b e li e ved

the e nemy w as ad vancing o n the cap i ta l fro m St L o u is . .

I n the mi d st o f great ex ci teme nt a b i ll w as p asse dau th or »

i zi ng the go vernor to take su ch me asu re s as h e mi gh t

de e m nece ssary to repe l i nvasi ono r put do wnreb e lli o n ,

and was appropri ated to e nab le hi m to ex e cute

the p ow e rs co nf erre du po n hi m .

When the governor learnedthat the arse nal hadpassed

b e yondhi s re ach he req
,
uested Qu artermaster G e neral -

J ames H ardi ng to go to St Lo ui s and b uy all the arms

.

and ammu ni ti o n he co u ld findthe re That ofi ee r had .

b e fore re p orted to th e go vernor th at th e o nly arm s th e

State o w ned ex ce p
, t a f ew mu ske ts i n th e h and s o f th e

mi li ti a we re two 6 pounde r guns wi tho ut li mb e rs or

,
-
,

cai sso ns ab o u
, t o ne tho u sand mu ske ts f orty sab e rs and
,

forty li ght swo rds o f an anti que R oman patte rn w hich ,

we re nei the r use ful nor o rname ntal In St Lo ui s he . .

pu rch ase d se veral h undre dhunti ng ri fl es so me camp and

—
,

g a rri so n e u
q pg
i a e an d a b o ut se ve n ty to n s o f po w de r all

of w hi chwas shi p pe dto J e ffe rso n Ci ty guarde db y C ap, t .

j o Ke llys company N o w that B lai r andLyo n were

’
.

levyi ng war on the S tate i n the mo st unmi stakable man

ner, thi s was the co nd i ti o n the p e op le we re i n f or d e f e nse .

Af ter the cap tu re o f Camp J ackson th e e xci te ment

,

was more i nte nse in St Lo ui s than i n J e ff e rso n C i ty

. .

I n the af ternoo n o f that day a re gi me nt o f H ome G u a rd s ,

re tu rni ng f ro m th e arse nal to i ts b arracks in th e no rth

ern p art o f th e ci ty h ,
al te d f or a f e w mo ments a t th e

co rner o f Si x th and Wal nu t stree ts and i n re p

,
ly to a
pi sto l sho t firedo n Fi f th stree t again firedi nto a c ro wd
,

o f ci ti ze ns w ho had sto pp e dto se e i t p ass Ei ght men .

we re ki lle d and many wounded The ne x t day ano the r

.

H o me Guardre gime nt fire di nto a cro wdo n Six th s tree t

b e twee n Pi ne and O li ve stre e ts andagain se ve ral ci ti
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

se ns were ki ll ed andwo unde d The H o me G uards we re

.

su pre me , ande mphasi z e dthe i r supre macy b y thre a te ni ng

to ki ll all the Se ce ssi o ni sts i n the ci ty The ci ty a utho ri ti e s .

and the p o li ce w e re po we rl e ss T he re was a rush o f

.

pe o pl e , mostl y wom e n and chi ldre n, to ge t o ut o f to wn .

Gene ral H arne y was ap p e a l e d to an d p ro mi se d to se nd

the H o me G u ar d s ou t o f the ci ty, b u t Blai r and L yo n
de ci de d that the y sho uld stay, and the y sta ye d H ar .

ne y, ho we ve r, b rought two co mpani e s o f arti lle ry and

two co mp
_

ani e s o f re gu lar i nf antry fro m e ff e rso n b ar J

racks i nto the ci ty, andp le dge d hi s f ai th as a so ldi e r to
p re ser v e t h e p e a ce and p ro te c t th e p p y
ro e rt a n dl i ves of

the p eop l e , andthi s to so me e xte nt re assuredthe m H e .

also re fuse d to all o w d Lyo n to fo ll o wupthe

B lai r an

ca ptur e o f C amp J ack so n b y a dvanci ng on J e ff erso n Ci ty

andi nto the i nte ri o r o f th e S ta e
t .

T he le gi sl a tu re ad j o urne d o n the 1 sth o f M ay B ut .

be f ore adj ourni ng i t passed reso luti o ns, unani mously ,

denounci ng B la i r and Lyon the ca pture o f C ampJ ack

,

son and the w anto n k illi ng o f p e ace ab le ci ti z e ns and ,

re q ues ti ng the go ve rno r i nsta ntl y to call o ut the mi li ti a .

A t the same ti me i t create d a mi l i tary f und i nto whi ch ,

the sc hoo l f u nd and all o the r mo ne ys b e lo ngi ng to the

Sta te we re o rde re d to b e pai d , to g e th e r w i t h a l o an of

f ro m the b anks whi ch was autho ri z e d; also

,

the p ro ce e ds o f 3 r 0 0 0 0 0 0 o f S ta te b o nd
, ,
s w hi ch the go v
c ru or w as gi ven au tho ri ty to se ll T he unani mi ty wi th
.

whi ch the se bi ll s we re pm e d was e vi de nce o f the revul o

si o n o f f e e li ng w hi ch had ta ken place thro ugho ut the

S ta te . M any Co ndi ti o nal U ni o n me n pro mptly declared
aga i nst the U ni o n E x Go v S te rli ng Pr i ce pr e si d
.
-
.
e nt
,

o f th e Sta te co nve nti o n and o the r

, p ro m i n e nt m en .

hastene d to J e ff e rso n C i ty and o fi e re d the i r se rvi ce s to '

the go verno r . T he mi li tary b i ll pro vi de d f o r the enli st

me nt o f the M i sso uri Sta te G uard and a utho ri zed the ,

go ve rno r to a p i n h d l o co m
p o t e i g t b ri g a i e r ge n e r a s t -

mandthe tro o ps fro m the e i ght mi li ta ry di s tri cts i nto

as C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

whi ch the State was di vi ded . l utho ri ze d him to

It a so a

a ppoi nt a maj or ge n eral who

-
,
sh ou ld have command o f
all the troo ps of the Sta te . Thi s posi ti o n was o fi e redto

Ge n eral Pri ce dacce pte d b y hi m

an .

Ste rli n g Pri ce was o f an o ld V i rgi ni an fami l y was ,

ed u cate d at H amp d e n Si dn ey co lle ge the n studi e d law

-
, ,

and i n 1 83 1 mo v e d w i th h i s father s f ami ly to M isso u

’
ri

an d se ttl e d o n a farm i n Chari to n co un ty whi chwas ,

e ve r a fte r h i s ho me In 1 840 he was e l e cte d to the le g

.

i slatu re andw
, as ch o se n Sp e ak er o f th e h ou se H e o we d .

thi s di sti ncti o n o f co u

,
rse rath er to h i s ge n e ral charac te r
,

a nd p e rso n al acco mp li shmen ts than to hi s kn o w l edge o f

p arl i am e n tar y l a w a n d th e bu si n e ss o f l e gi slati o n B ut .

he fill e d the p o si ti o n acce p tab l y Fou r years af te rw . ard

he was e l ecte d to Co ngre ss B ut sho rtly after taking .

hi s se at war was de cl are d agai n st M e xi co and he ,

re si gne d re tu
, rn ed to M i sso uri and rai se d a mo un te d
re gi me n t w h, i ch was acce p te d b y the go vernme n t and ,

he was assi gn e d to the co mmand o f i t Wi tha simi l ar .

re gi me n t rai se d andco mmand e d b yCo l A W D o ni p

, han . . .
,

he crosse d the pl ai n s andtoo k po sse ssi o n o f N e wM e x i co

and Ch i hu ah ua Se veral b attl es w ere fought andwo n
.

b y the co mb i n ed f o rce chi e f amo n g the m the battl e o f

,

Sacrame n to . The vi ctory gai n e d i n thi s b attle w as i a

stru me ntal i n gi vi n g the A meri can s possessi o n o f the

te rri tory o u t o f w hi ch after the cl o se o f the w
, ar th e ,

Sta te s o f Cal i fo rni a Co l o rado U tah and N e vada and

, , ,

the Te rri to ri e s o f Ari zo na andN e wM e xi co w e re fo rme d .

A t the cl o se o f the war wi th M e xi co he re tu rn ed to

M i sso uri was e l e cte d go ve rno r of the Sta te andse rve d

, ,

i n that cap aci ty fo u r ye ars I n 1 860 he su .

pp o rte d D ou g
las fo r Presi d e n t and i n the e lecti o n o f d e l e gates to the
,

State co n v e n ti o n he O p , p o se d s ecess i on andw as e l ecte d

b y a l arge maj ori ty H e w .as ch o se n p re si de n t o f the co n

ve nti on w he n i t me t and w as th, e re co gnize d l ead e r o f

the Co nd i ti o n al U n i o n p arty o u tsi de o f St Lo u is B ut . .

the cap tu re o f M
pJ ack so n andthe ruthl e ss ki lli ng o f
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 87

me n wo me n andchi ldre n b y the Ge rman H ome G uards

,

force d hi m to chan ge hi s po si ti o n ando fi e r hi s se rvi ce s

to Go ve rn o r J ack so n fo r the d e fe n se o f the State andthe

p ro tec ti o n o f i ts peo p l e .

A f e wd ays late r the go ve rn o r ann ou n ce d the appo i nt

me n t o f the fo ll o wi n g bri gadi er ge ne rals : A l e x ande r W -
.

D o nip han , Mo nroe M Parso ns J ame s S R ai n s J ohn B

.
, .
, .

Clark M e rri w e ther L Cl ark N athan i e l W Watk i n s

, .
, .
,

B e v e rl y R ando l p h Wi lliam Y Sl ack and J ames H M c

, . .

B ri de . All o f them we re me n o f note i n the Sta te and

de vo ted to i ts i n terests Fo u r o f th e m— D o n i p
. han ,

Parso n s M L Cl ark and Slack— had see n se rvi ce and

,
. .

d i sti n gui shed the mse l ve s i n the Me xi can war A ll o f .

the m rece i ved o rd e rs to e nli st me n i n the i r re sp e cti ve

di stri cts and ge t the m read y fo r servi ce in the fie ld .

R e cru i ti ng w e n t o n rapi dl y in the p op ul o us co un ti e s

bo rd e ri n g on the M i sso uri ri ve r, andv o l un tee rs o rgan ,

i zedandu n organi zed, poure d i n to the capi tal i n a steady

stre am On the day Ge n e ral Pri ce was app
. o i n te d co m

man de r more than a thousand w e re gathered at J e ff e rso n

C i ty, w ai ti n g to b e mu ste re d i n to th e State G u ard and

take the fie ld agai n st the e ne my Cap t R o b e rt M c . .

Cu lloch brou ght se ve ral co mp an i e s fro m Coo p e r co u n ty ,

andCap t D H M cInti re se ve ral from Call away co u

. . . n ty .

The I nde p e nd e n ce G rays came fro m J ack so n co u n ty,

andbro u ght wi th the m the fou r b rass 6 p ou nde rs tak e n -

from the arse n al at Li be rty Capt Jo Ke ll ys co mpan y .

'
.

o f I ri sh me n se n t up fro m St Lo ui s i n charge o f the

, .

arms bo u ght b y Quarte rmaste r Ge n e ral J ames H ardi n g -

,

was sti ll there The first re gi me nt o rgan i ze d was co m

.

p os e d o f e i g h t co m p a n i es fro m th e c o un ti es c l os e ar o und
J e fi e rso n C i ty I t w as
. d es i g na t ed th e Fi rs t re g i m e n t o f
Rifl e s andJ o h
, n S M armaduke was chose n to co mmand
.

it. M armadu ke was bo rn i n Mi sso uri and was a so n o f ,

a fo rme r
g o v e r n or o f t he S t at e A W es t P o i n te r a
. n d a ,

li e ute n ant i n the re gular army whe n Presi de n t Li n co ln

call e d f o r troo p s, h e at o n ce re si gn e d ando ff e re d

hi s se rvi ce s to the State .

38 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

B o th si des sa wthat war was i ne vi tab le dwere mak an

i ng acti ve p re p arati ons fo r i t B ut a co nsi d

. era b le nu m
b e r o f co nse rvati ve ci tiz ens who d ,
ep recatedw ar and i ts

atte nd ant ravage s mad , e an e fiort to ave rt i t b y tryi ng

to b ring ab o ut an agree ment b e tw ee n Ge ne ral H arne y

and Ge neral Pri ce The y we re b oth ci ti ze ns o f the

.

State and co nservati ve i n the i r f e e li ngs At last they.

su cce e d e di n i nd uci ng Ge neral H a rney to i nvi te Ge ne ral

Pri ce to ho ld a confe re nce wi th hi m i n St Lo ui s Ac. .

co rd i ngl y te rms w ere arrange d and o n the s t at o f M ay

,

the y me t andmad e w hat was known as the Pri ce H arney -

a gree me nt . A fte r sta ti ng that the o b j ect o f e ach was

e ace and goo d o rd er to th le o f the
“
to re store p e p e op

State i n su b ordi nati o n to the l aw s o f th e ge ne ral and

"
Sta te go ve rnments Ge ne ral Pri ce u
,
ndertoo k w i th the ,

sancti o n o f th e go ve rno r, to mai ntai n o rd e r i n the Sta te ;

and Gene ral H arne y agre e d , i

f this were d o ne h e w ould ,

make no mi li tary mo ve me nts wi thi n the State Ge ne ral .

H arne yal so inti matedto Gene ral Pri ce u no fi cially that

, , ,

as th e Sta te G u ardmi gh t co me w i thi n the meani ng o f the

Presi d e nt s p roclamati o n re u
qi ri ng o fii ce rs o f the U ni ted
’

States army to di sp e rse all armed b od i es hosti le to the

la ws o f the land he ho pe dhe would findso me way to
,

su spe nd the o rgani za ti o n o f th e State G u ard Ge ne ral .

Pri ce sai d that was b e yond hi s p ow e r—th at h e h adno

ri gh t to d i so b e y or nu lli f y a lawo f the State Bu t when .

he re turne d to Je fie rso n Ci ty he o rde red all tro ops

, ,

whi ch had co me there from o the r mili tary di stri cts to ,

re tu rn to th e i r ho me s and th ,
e re b e o rganize d i nto co n »
pani cs andregi me nts as pro vi de d b y law .

Thi s agree me nt gave grea t o de nse to B lai r andL yo n

'

They h ad o b j e cte d veh e me ntl

'
y to H arne y s acti on f o r
b id di ng the m to advance i nto the i nte ri or o f the S ta te,
andhad b e g i n to w o rk f o r h i s re mo val The y no wre
.

do ub le d the i r e ff o rts and se nt speci a l repre se nta ti ves ,

we ll pro vi de dwi thle tters and te sti mo ni als fro m i nflue n '

ti al U ni o n me n to Wash, ingto n to p e rsu ,

ad e th e Pre si
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I L I TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 89

de nt to re mo ve H arne y a nd appo i nt Lyo n to the co m

mand T hey were succe ssful
. A n o rd er w
. as made
ap p o i nt i ng L y o n b ri g a d i e r g e n e r a l o f-
v o lu n te e rs , and

ano the r re li e vi ng H arne y o f the co mmando f the d ep art

me nt o f the West T he last o rde r was se nt to B lai r wi th

.

i nstru cti ons to u se i t w i th dis cre ti o n whi ch he d idby

,

sti rri ng u pthe co mmi tte e o f saf e ty to de mand that H ar

ne y b e re mo ve dat o nce H arne y re li nq
. u i she dco mma nd
o f th e d ep artm e nt o n th e 3 0 th o f M ay and B ri gad ier ,

G e ne ral Lyo n assu me dco mma ndthe ne xt day .

Bl ai r and L yo n no whade ve rythi ng i n the i r o wn hands .

There was no thi ng to pre ve nt the m maki ng war u po n

who m they please d The y had agre e d upo n a plan o f
.

camp ai gn b e fo re the cap tu re o f CampJ ackso n b u t H ar ,

ne y had b lo cke d the m te m po rari ly The pla n was as . ,

s ta te d b y B lai r i n a le tte r to th e Presi d e nt to ad vance ,

i nto the Sta te and take andho ld J e ff e rso n Ci ty L e x ing

h, H anni bm M aco n S pri ngfi eld ando the r
,

to n St J ose p
, .
, , ,

p o in ts i f fo un d a d v i sa b l e B la i r th
. o ug h t t he troo p s

rai se d i n th e S ta te re inf o rce d b y the re gu

,
la r troo ps a t
F o rt Le ave nworth and the vo lu ntee r tro o ps i n Kansas ,

woul db e sufi ci e nt to enable L yo n to carry o ut thi s plan .

B ut Lyo n was le ss confide nt and mo re grasp i ng He .

wante d the go vernors o f Illi noi s and I owa o rde re d to

se nd h i m the tro ops the y had b e e n o rde re d to se nd
H arne y T he autho riti e s a t W ashi ngto n di d as L yo n
.

de sire d A t S t Lo ui s be si de s ab o ut 5 0 0 re gul ars he

. .
, ,

hadte n regi ments o f i nf antry a batta li o n o f arti ll e ry a , ,

co mp an
y o f sa pp e rs a n d m i ne r s, a n d a co m p y
a n o f ri de .

me n, aggre gati ng o mcers and me n, a bo ut

,
He
ha dse ve ral tho u sand H o me G u a rd s i n p a r ts o f th e State

whe re the Ge rmans we re nume ro us who we re we ll ,

arme d and e qu i pped A t F o rt L ea venwo rth the re w

.
e re

re gu lars I n K ansas the re we re two re gi me nts

. .

nearly stro ng . F i ve Io wa r e gi me nts we re o n the

no rthe rn orde r o f the Sta te , a nx i o us to i nvade i t.
b and
I lli no i s was co nce ntrati ng tro o ps at C ai ro . A lton and
40 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Qui n cy w hi chw e re
,
as a vai lab le as if they w ere i n the
Sta te . Thi s was
fo rmi dab l e for ce and to o ppose i t
a ,

the State hadl ess than a tho u sand organ i z e d troo p s most ,

o f the m arme d wi th sh o tguns and hun ti n g ri fl es E x .

ce pt a f e whu ndre d musk e ts andhal f a d oze n fieldpi ece s -

and so me p o w de r i t h ad no mu ni ti o ns o f war no co m
, ,

mi ssary o r quarte rmaste r suppl i es and no mo n e y wi th ,

w hi ch to b uy any .

But the prospect di d no t di smay the So uthern Ri ghts

men T he y had be e n o utwi tte d and beate n at po li ti cs
.
_

and w e re d e te rmi n ed to try th e i ssu e sooner o r late r , ,

wi tharms Ge n eral Pri ce i ssued ord e rs to the di stri ct

.

co mmand e rs to hu rry th e o rgan i za ti o n o f th e troo p s in

the i r di stri cts and to ge t the m read

, y as q ui ck l y as po s

si b l e f o r acti v e se rvi ce The y w e re i nstru cte d that each

.

re gi me n t sh ou ld carry the State flag whi ch was to b e ,

mad e o f bl ue me ri no w i ththe arms o f the State emb la

,

zo n e d i a go ld o n e ach si de B ut co nse rvati ve ci ti ze n s .

agai n came to th e fro n t andd e mand e d a p arl e y be tw ee n

l e aders o f the o ppo si n g fo rces At thei r i n te rce ssi o n .

Go ve rn or J ack so n and G e n e ral Pri ce ask e d f or a co nf er

e n ce wi th Ge n e ral Lyo n andCo l o n e l B l ai r ; andagai n at

the i r i n te rce ssi o n the l atter agree d to gran t i t, on t e h

co nd i ti on that i t sho uld b e he ld i n St Lo ui s A safe con . .
-

d uct was se n t the m to and from that ci ty The State .

was re prese nte d b y Go vern or J ack so n Ge n e ral Pri ce , .

and C01 Th o mas L Sn e ad o f th e go v e rn or s stafi ; th

’
. . e

F e d e ral go v e rn men t b y Ge n e ral Lyo n Co l o ne l B l ai r

, , ,

a ndM aj H L Co n an t o f Lyon s staff The co n f e re n ce

’
. . . .

was he ld at the Plan te r s H o use and Lyon state d that ’

,

B l ai r wo u ld b e the spo k esman f or the F e d e ral si de B ut .

Lyo n soo n thrust B l ai r asi de and too k the l ead i n the ,

d i scussi o n N 0 unde rstandi ng was reache d as i t was

.
,

e vi d e n t from the be gi n ni n g n o n e wo uld b e Fi n all y

“
.
,

says Co l o n e l Sn ead whe n the co nf e re n ce had l asted

,
“

fo ur or five ho urs Lyo n clo se d i t as he hadOpe ne d i t

, .

R athe r sai dhe and he Spo k e d e l ib e rate l y sl o wl y and

‘ ’
, , ,
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 41

wi th a pe cul i ar emphasis— R athe r tha n ‘

co n ce de to the
Sta te o f M i sso u ri th e ri gh t to d e mand that my go v e rn
ment shall no t e nl i st troo ps wi thi n he r l i mi ts, o r bri ng
tro o ps i n to the State w h e n e ve r i t pl eases, o r mo ve troo ps
at i ts o w n wi ll i n to , o ut o f o r thro ugh the State ; rathe r
,

than co ncede to the Sta te of M i sso uri f or o ne si n gl e

i nstant the ri ght d i ctate to my go ve rnme nt in any
to
matte r ho w e ve r un i mpo rtan t I would — ri si ng as he sa i d
,
'
,

thi s andp o i n ti n g i n tu rn to e v e ry o ne i n th e roo m— se e

‘
,

u n d o u and yo u and yo uandeve r man w o man

y o , a y , , y ,

and ch i ld i n the State dea d andbu ri e d The n tu rn ing

’
.
,

to the go ve rn o r he sai d : Thi s mean s w In an ho u

‘
ar r .

o ne o f my o m
,

ce rs will call f or yo uandcond u ct yo uo u t

o f my l i n es And then wi thout ano ther wo rd wi tho ut
’
.
, ,

an i n clinati o n o f th e h ead wi th ou t e ve n a l oo k he tu
,
rn e d ,

upon hi s he e l and strod e out o f the roo m rattli n g hi s ,

sp urs and cla nk i ng hi s sabe r whi l e we w ho m he had , ,

l e ft andwho hadk n o wn eacho ther fo r ye ars bad e fare

, ,

we l l to eacho the r co urte ousl y and ki ndl y andse parated ,

—B l ai r andCo nan t to fight for the U ni o n andwe fo r the

land o f ou r b i rth .
 C H A PTER V .

GO VE RN O R C AL Ls o r TH E M l LI T lA JE F
J AC KSO N u —
—
.

PER SO N C IT Y AB AN D O N E D C O N C E N T R AT IO N A T
B OO N E I LLE V
RA I LR O AD B R ID G ES D E ST R OYED
CO LO N EL H O LLO WAY S D EAT H —PR IC E GO ES TO
’

L EXIN GTON —LYON occvpxs s T H E CAPITAL SK I R —

mu s V
AT BOO N E I LLE T HE GO ER N O R srAR rs — '
V
SO U TH WEST —
A FE D E RA L RE G I ME N T R O U TED AT
CO LD C AM P—JUN CTIO N O F J A CKSO N AN D RAIN s
V ICTO R Y Ar CAR TH AG E .

N the u
re t rn O f Go vernor J ackson andGeneral Pri ce
to Ci ty, the go ve rnor i ssu
Je fi erso n ed a p roclama

ti o n in wh i chhe state dthe si tu ati o nsu cci nctly, a nd

calle dth e mili tia to th e nu mb er o f into acti ve se r v

i ce, f or the pu rp o se o f re pe l li ng i nvasi o n andp ro tecti ng

the p ro p v
e rty, li berty andli es o f the ci ti zens o f th e State .

H e andGe ne ral Pri ce kne w B lai r andLyo n we ll eno u gh

to k no w th at, no w they w ere i nveste dw i thfull p o wer,

the y wo uld act at o nce . It was ,

there fo re , de ci de d to
move the mo ry and workshop whi ch hadb ee n e stab
ar ,

li shedat J e ff erso n Ci ty as w ,ell as the p ub li c records and

o ffi ci al p ap ers of th e State to B oo ne vi lle The pc p . u
l ati o n o f Je fie rsonCi tywas co mpose d largely of Germa ns ,

who we re unfri endly i f no t po si ti ve l y hosti le to the

, ,

State go vernme nt w hi le the p

, e op l e of Bo o ne vill e were
i n symp ath y w i th i t ; a n d b e s
,
i d es B o o nev i lle w as co n

ti gu ou s to th e co u nti es fro m whi ch the p romp test re

sp ou se to th e call f o r troo p sw as e xp e cte d Ge ne ral Pri ce.

thou g h t he c ou l d ho l d i t un ti l th e p e op le O f N orth M i s ~

sou ri co u ldrally to hi s supp ort The M i sso u

. ri ri ve r i s a

ru ggedtu ,
rb i dstre am andu , su ally i nth e sp
,
ri ng ande arly

su mmer i s from a half to thre e quarters O f a mile in

,
-

wi dth I t di vi de s the State northandso uthalmost e ve nly

. .
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

It was i mpo rta nt ho ld i t i n o rde r to kee p li ne s o f

to
co mmu ni ca ti on b e tw e e n the no rthe rn andso uthe rn po r
ti o ns O p en I t was no t d
. ou b te dthat whe n the C o nf e der
a te a u thori ti e s l e arne d there w as an army fr i e nd ly to
thei r ca u se str u ggli ng to ho ldM isso u ri th e C o nf e de ra te
,

fo rce s al ong the southe rn b o rde r O f the State wo uldb e

masse d andse nt to the i r re l i e f T he plan was to check .

the ad vance o f the e ne my a t B oo ne vi l le , andmak e a de

te rmi ned stand at L e xi ngto n G e n J ohn B C lark was
. . .

o rd e re d to re nd e z vo us hi s m e n at B o o ne vill e the o the r ,

di stri ct co mmanders a t so m e co nve ni e nt po i nt i n the i r

re sp e cti ve d i stri cts a nd ho l d the m ready f o r i mme d
,
i ate
se r vi ce .

Ge ne ral Pri ce cause d the ri d e s o verb th e O sa ge and

g
G asco nade ri ve rs, b e tween St L o u i s and e ff e rso n C i ty, to
. J
be d estro ye d , and o rd ered G e ne ral Parso ns, who hada
small f o rce u nde r hi s co mmand, to re ti re alo ng the Pa
cifi c r ai l ro a d w n n d d l h e ne my
, e st o f Je fi erso C i ty, a e a y t e

i f the y atte mpted to advance o n that li ne General .

Pri ce andthe go ve rno r, w i th the i r sta ff o fii ce rs, to ge the r

w i th C aptai n K e l ly s command, we nt to B o one ville on a
'

ste ame r T he re Ge ne ral Cla rk hadco lle cte dse ve ral hu

.
n
dredme n, ando the rs came i n duri ng the ne x t two days,
mo st O f who m b e lo nge dto M armaduk e s re gi me nt, whi ch
’

hadb e e n o rgani z e dat Je fi e rso n C i ty, andha db e e n se nt to

the ir ho m es whe n the Pri ce - H arne y agre e m e nt was mad e .

Just at thi s ti m e i nf o rmati o no f the de ath o f C o l E dmunds .

B H o llo way, who had co lle c te d a co nsi der ab le o dy o f

. b
me ni n ackso n county, was re ce i ve d A co mpan y o f dra
J .

go ons f ro m F o rt Le ave nwo rth a pproa che dhi s mpat the ca

cro ssi ng o f the L i ttle B l u e a nd a sk i rmi sh to o k p

,
lace in ,

whi ch Co l one l H o llo wa y and o ne O f hi s m e n we re kille d

and se ve ral o the rs w ounde d C o lo ne l H o ll o wa y was an
.

acco mp li she d so l di e r a gradua te O f W e s t P o i nt andno t

, ,

lo ng b e fo re ha dre si gne dhi s co m mi ssi o n i n the army H e .

was uni ve rsally po pular andthe S ta te ha d g r e at e xpe cte

,

ti ons O f hi m andf e l t hi s l oss de e ply T he a fi ai r i nw.

hi ch
44 C ON F E D ERA TE JI I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

he was ki lle d was e xagge rate d andledGeneral Pri ce to

,

b e li e ve the F ed e ral s we re mo ving o n h im fro m the We st ,

and b e d e termi ned to

go to Le x i ngton andtake co m
mand O f the troo p s ord ere d to re nd e zvo u s th ere l eavi ng ,

Ge ne ral Clark in co mmandat Boo ne vi lle .

'
Lyo n s p lan o f campai gn was to send f o ur regi me nts
andtw o fou r gu -
n b atte ri es u nd er th
,
e co mmandof B ri g

ad i er Ge neral Swee ny to the so uthwest Sp

o
, ri ngfi eldb e
,

i ng the O b j ecti ve p o i nt i n o rd ,
er to h o ldth at art o f the
p
State i n su bj ecti o n andto i ntercept the re tre at o f G o v
,

ernor J ackso nandGe neral Pri ce andth e troo p sw i ththe m ,

whom he pro pose dto dri ve fro m the M i ssouri ri ve r co un

H is o w n fo rce co nsi ste do f B lai r s andB oe rnste i n s
'
ti es
‘
.

regi me nts To tten 5 li gh t ba tte ry Co mp any F Seco nd

’
, ,

artille ry and Co mp
, any B Se co nd re gu lar i nfantry—ag
gre gati ng ab o u t a 000 men
, The southwe st ex p
. ed i ti on
l e f t St Lo ui s go i ng to R ollo b y rai lro ad at the same
.
, ,

ti me Lyo nle f t go i ng u , pthe M i sso uri ri ve r b y steamb o at .

LyonreachedJ e ff e rso n Ci tytwo d ay s af te r th e State O fii

ce rs h adle ft i t andtoo k q
, ui e t po ssessi o n o f the to wn a nd
o f th e go vernment b u i ld i ngs The nex t d
. ayh e l e ft three
comp ani es o f Bo e rnste i n s re gi me nt to h o ldth e ci ty and
'
,

p roce e de d w i th t h r m ai nd f h i mm nd — ab o u t
w
e e e r O s co a

me n to B oo ne vi lle
, Ei ght mi l e s b e lo
. the to w n
he dise mb arke d hi s co mmand e xce pt one company o f ,

B lai r s re gi me nt anda d etachme nt o f arti ll e ry w i th a

’

ho wi tze r whi ch he ordere d to co ntinue up the ri ve r to

,

de ce i ve the e nemy while he mo ve do n them b y l and

,
.

Go vernor J ackso nwas p tly i nformedo f L yo ns d

'
ro n i p e

p a r tu re f ro m J e ff e rso n C i ty a n d o,rd ere d G e ne ral Parso ns ,

who was at Ti pto n twenty mi le s so uth to b ri ng his

, ,

co mmandas rap id ly as p o ssi b le to Bo o ne vi ll e F o r so me

.

re aso n Parso ns d i d no t O b e y the o rd e r th oughhe ha da

,

day and a half in whi ch to reach the desi gnate dpo i nt .

A s Lyo n ap pro ache d the to wn the go ve rno r orde re d

Co lo ne l M armad uke wi th his regi me nt and so me i nde
,

pe ndent co mpani es to che ck hi m i n o rde r to gi ve Parso ns

, ,
 C ON F E D ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 45

ti me to co me upandci ti ze n s an o ppo rtun i ty to l eave w i th

the i r f ami l i e s if the y chose M armad u . ke, sati sfie d o f his
i n ab i l i ty wi ththe fo rce at hi s di sp o sal to se ri o u sl y i mp e de

Lyo n s ad van ce , andap h ct th at h i s fai l ure

'
p re c i a ti n g t e f a

to d o so w o u ld b e magn ifie d i n to a de fe at O f the State

troo p s andh a ve a d i sco uragi ng e ff e ct o n the i r fri e nds
thro u g h o ut t h e S t a t e ,
h a d a l r e a d yp ro te s te d a g a i n s t mak
i ng a stand at B oo ne vi ll e H e tho u .
ght the tro o p s at Le x

i ngto n andthose at Bo o n e vi ll e, wi th su chre i n fo rce me n ts

as mi gh t j o i n them, sho u ld re ti re be hi nd the Osage ri ve r

i n the vi ci n i ty O f Warsaw , w
he re they could O fi e r Lyo n
battle on mo re e qual te rms B ut the go ve rnor i n si ste d .

o n figh ti n g at B o o n e vi lle andM armad u

, ke o be ye d .

The o p p g
o s i n f o rc e s m e t a f e w m i l e s b e l o w t h e to w n .

M arma d uk e check e d Lyo n s ad vance at first, andco m

'

p e lle d h i m t o d e l
p y o h i s i n f a n try a n d b ri n g pu h i s a r t i l
le ry M armad
. uke had no arti ll ery, andLyo n soo n di s ,

co v eri n g th at sh , e ll ed him at l o n g ran ge at h i s l e i su re .

M armad uk e the n wi thdre w to a stro nge r p o si ti o n n eare r

the to wn w he re he made an o ther sta nd andagai n co m

,

p e lle d L y o n t o for m i n l i n e o f b a ttl e T .h e i n f a n t r y fi ri n g

he re was sharp and, afte r a b ri sk e n gage me nt the go v
, ,

c ru o r o rde re d M armad u k e to fall back to the ci ty whi ch ,

he di di n goo d o rde r, co n si de rin g this was the first ti me

hi s me n hadbee n under fire The l oss was about tw enty .

five k i ll e d andw o u nd ed o n e achsi d e The e n gageme n t, .

a l toge th e r l aste d abo u

, t tw o h ou rs . The F e d e ral fo rce
ou tn u mbe red the State troops fo ur to o ne The y w e re .

tho ro u ghl y armed ande q u ip pe d and had two batte ri es

, ,

w hi l e the State troo ps we re hal f o rgan ize d hal f arme d and ,

-

wi tho ut arti ll ery The afi ai r was n o thi ng mo re than a

'

sk i rmi sh and u
, nde r the circumstances the ad van tage
was wi ththe State troops B ut Lyo n , andall the i nflu
.

cu cce favo rabl e to h i m re p

, re se n te d i t as a gre at vi cto ry

f or the F e d e ral arms andi t hada most d e p

,
re ssi n g e ff e ct

o n th e Sou thern Ri ghts e l e me n t .It comp e ll e d too th , , e

S tate fo rce s to aband o n the Mi sso u ri ri ver, gi vi n g th e

46 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

F ede rals co ntro l O f i t f ro m K ansas Ci ty to i ts mo uth, and

w
place d a f ormi dab le b arri e r i n the ay o f recrui ts fro m
the no rth si de o f i t re achi ng Pri ce .

Itwas no wa f or the so uthweste rn p

race art o f th e Sta te
_
the ru gg e d hi ll s o f th e O zar k m o un ta i n co u
n tr —
y be .

twee n the u norganizedandu narmedSo uthern m e n, a nd

Lyonandhi s tho ro ughly e q ui ppedforce s, i ththe kno wlw
ed ge o uthe p art o f th e So u thern me n that the re w as a

co nsi de rab le army u nd e r Sw ee ny th ere , th e O b j ect o f

whi chwas to capture o r ki ll the m The go ernor, wi th. v

vi lle, an d s, re gu
troo p lars and Kansas o lu nte e rs, v
from w
F o rt Leave n orth A t thi s ti me Ge nera Pri ce
.
l w
as

seri o uslysi ck, w hi chaddedto the co mplexi ti es anddange rs

O f th e si tuati o n B ut, wi th h
. i s staff anda small e sco rt,
he se t o ut f or Arkansas to see Ge n Be n M cCu llo ch, who
.

co mmand edCo nf e d erate troo ps in that secti on,

andif p os
si ble i nd uce hi m to co me to the assi stance O f the b ro ke n
and sca tte red Mi sso u rians H e lef t Ge neral R ai ns i n
.

co mmando f the State troo ps at Le xi ngton, w i th o rde rs

to move them as rap idly as p o ssi b le to Lamar, in Barto n

cou nty Rai ns had nee dto mo ve q

. ui ckly andrapi dly,
be cau se Lyon w as th re ate ning h i m fro m the east and
M aj or Sturgis, w
i th 900 F e deral d ragoo ns andtw o re gi

ments o f Kansas vol untee rs, f rom the west Whe n Go v .

J
erno r ackso n andh is party, 2 5 0 o r 3 00 i n nu mb e r, g o t to
Warsaw the yhaltedto asce rtainwhat hadb eco me O f
,
Gen
~

e ra l Pri ce dthe main b o dy o f the army

an .

Go o d ne ws—the first gle am O f su nli ght that hadf allen

upo n the adherents o f the So uthe rn cause i n the Sta te
reach ed h i m A t Co ld Camn so me 2 0 mi les fro m War
.
,

saw w ,
as e ncamp e d a re gi me nt o f G erman H ome G u ard s ,

co mmand edb y Co l o ne l Co o k a b ro th
, er o f the Coo k w ho
was execute din Vi rgi ni a wi th J o hn B ro wn The o b j ect .

o f Co ok w t Go ve rno r J ackson s p
’
as to inte rce p arty o r

any o th e r b o d O f So uthern me nmaki ng the i r w ay so uth

'

y
o
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y . 47

w ard through the State . Walte r S

But Li e ut Col .
-
. .

O Kane assi ste d b yM aj Thomas M M u rray rai se d ab o u

’

,
. .t ,

35 0 S ta te G u ar d troo p nthe n e i ghborhoo d made a fo rce d

s i ,

march at n i ght struck the H o me Guards who hadno

, ,

p i c k e ts o ut e x ce p t i n th e d i re cti o n o f Go ve rn o r J ac kso n s
'

p ya rt ,
j u st a t d a l
y g i h t a n d u tt er ,l y ro u te d th e m kill i ng ,

2 0 6 wo u
,
ndi n g a sti ll large r n umbe r andtak i ng o ve r 1 00 ,

i n C l n l C o k anda p art o f th e co mmand es

p r so e rs o . o e o

cap ed . The n e x t d ay th e vi cto rs re p orted to G o vern o r

J ackso n bri ngi n g wi ththem the i r pri so n e rs o v er 400 ne w

, ,

muske ts anda goo d suppl yo f ammun i ti o n The M i sso u .

ti m e lost abo u t 3 0 ki ll e d andw o u nde d A s a resul t o f .

th i s bri ll ian t dash the fo rce from L yo n s co mmand p

, ur '

su i n g the go v e rn o r gave u p th e p u rsu i t a nd re tu r n e d to ,

Bo o n e vi lle I t had too the e ff ect o f alarmi n g the F e d

.
, ,

erals i nth e So u thwest andmak i n g the m mo re cau ti o us in

the ir mo ve me n ts It w
. as a b l o w fro m an u n e xpe cte d
so u rce w h ,
i chi ndi ca teddan ge r to the i r l o n g l i n es o f pu r

su i t I t sho we d that the p

. e op le o f the Sta te w ere no t as
thoro u ghl y su bj ugated as the y hadsuppo se d .

T he go ve rn or re mai n e d i n Warsaw tw o days andth en ,

re su me d i n a more l e i su re l y mann e r h i s march to w ard

M o n te vall o i nV ern o n co un ty to fo rm a j un cti o n wi ththe
, ,

co l u mn und er R ai ns and Sl ack T he p ro gre ss o f th . is

co l u mn hadbe ensl o w because the stre ams i t hadto cross
,

w ere hi gh and the use l ess andcumbro us b aggage trai n

, ,

as we ll as th e me n h adto b e f e rri e d o ve r th em
'
,
Ra i n s .

e ff ecti ve stre ngthw as l ess than i n fan try u nd e r 001 .

Ri chard H We i ghtman abo ut 6 0 0 mo u

.
,
n te d me n und e r
Co l o n e l Caw tho rn and Cap t H i ram Bl e dso e s th ree gu n
’
.
,

batte ry One o f B l e dso e s gun s was capture d b y the

.
'

Mi sso uri an s i n the M e xi can w ar at th e b attl e o f Sacra

me nto I t was prese n te d b y the ge ne ral go ve rn me n t to

.

the State o f M i sso u ri andf or years stoo d o n th e b lu fi o ve r

l oo k ing the M isso uri ri ve r at Le xi ngto n B l e dsoe bro ught .

i t out wi th a yok e o f o x e n The re w as a co n si d erab l e

.

p e rc e n t ag e o f s i l v e r i ni ts co m po si ti on w h i ch a v
g e i t a ring ,
48 CON FE D ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

whe n fire d that co uld b e disti n gui she d on t e h fie ld ami dst

the firi n g hun dre d o rdi n ary gu
of a ns B l e dsoe s batte ry .
'

was al ways in the thi ckest o f the fight, andthe so l di e rs

o f th e Sta te G u ard, as we ll as th e F e d e rals, soo n came to

k no w Old Sacrame n to s vo i ce I t be ca me so badl y

” ’
.
-

groo v ed fro m u se th at i t w as finall y co nd emn e d se n t to ,

M e mp hi s to b e recast wi th o ther guns, andi ts i de n ti ty

l o st Parso n s had about 65 0 arme d men H i s i n fan try
. .

was co mmande d b y Co l J ose ph M K e ll y hi s mo un te d

. .
,

me n b y C01 B e n B ro wn and his four gun batte ry b y

.
,
-

Capt H e nryGu Clark hadCo l J o hn Q B u rb ri d

'
. i bo r .
ge s . .

re gi me n t o f infan try, th e e fi ecti ve stre n gth o f w h i chwas

'

6
3 5 o ffi cers an d m e n Sla c k
. h ad a bo u t 7 00 i nfan try u nd e r
Co l J o hn T H u
. .
g h e s a n d M a j J C T h or n to
. n , a nd 5
. 00 .

moun te d me n und er Co l B A R i ves M ore tha n a . . . .

tho u sa nd o f th ese w ere u n arme d, anda l arge n umb er were

arme d wi th sh o tgu n s andrifle s Al to ge ther the e ff e cti ve
.

force o f Pri ce s army was no t mo re than

’
me n .

A t thi s ti me the F e de ral andSta te fo rce s w e re a go o d

d ea l mi x e d N e i the r kn ew wi thany ce rtai n ty whe re the
.

o the r w as . The co l u mn whi ch Lyo n hadse n t from St .

Lo uis to the sou thw est to cap tu re J ackso n andPri ce h ad

reach e d Sp ri n gfie ld abo u t stro n g Si ge l hadgo n e .

westward from the re w i thhi s re gi me n t andSal o mo n s, a '

battery and so me cavalry, hOpi ng to i n te rce pt Ge ne ral

Pri ce b u , t findi n g that Pri ce h adalready go n e o n to Ge n

e ral M cCu llochs camphe tu rn e d andatte mp te d to i n ter

’

ce p t Go v e rn o r J ack so n Wi ththi s vi e w he mo ve d to ward

.

'
Carthage i n the li n e o f J ackso n s re tre at The re he ran .

ac ross Parso ns q u arte rmaste r, w ho p re ci pi tate l y re ti re d

’

and i n fo rme d Parso n s o f th e p ro xi mi ty o f th e F e d e rals .

T hi s was the first i n ti mati o n the go vern or hadthat the

e n e my w as in h i s fro n t Soo n o the r co uri e rs arri ved , say
.
.

i ng the F e d e rals w e re ad v an ci n g i n fo rce Go ve rn o r .

J ack so n thereupo n assume d co mman do f all the troo p s

inp e rso n , andd e termi ne d to figh t the ene my .

A t daybre ak n e xt mo rni n g, J u l y sth the army mo ve d, ,

wi th Rai ns i n fro n t andCapt J O She l by s co mpan y i n . .

’
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

advance T he g o ve rno r w
. i th hi s staff andG e n D a vi dR . .

A tchi so n ro de a t the head o f the co lumn wi th G e ne ral

R ai ns A b o ut fi ve mi les f ro m L amar the y le arne dthat
.

Si ge l hadle f t C a rthage andwas o n hi s way to gi ve the m

b attle . dly ha d the y halte d when the gli nt o f the
H ar

F e de ral bayo ne ts sho we d the m the e ne my o n the o the r

si de o f a cre e k T he go ve rno r f o rme d hi s me n i n li ne
.

o f b attl e w i th W e i ghtman s b ri g ad e o n the ri ght the n

’
,

B le dso e s b atte ry and the n Slack s i nfantry G ui b o r s

' ' '
.
,

b atte ry was o n the le f t o f Sl ack, and ne x t to hi m was

Ke lly s re gi me nt and the n B urb ri dge s re gi me nt T he
’ '
.

ri ght fl ank w as co ve re d b y R ai ns mo u nte d me n unde r

’

B ro wn and R i ve s T he F e de rals, abo u

. t stro ng ,

wi th se ve n pi e ce s o f a rti lle ry advance dwi th the ste adi ,

ne ss and p re ci si o n o f ve te rans Si ge l o p e ne d th
. e fi ght

wi th hi s artille ry fi ri ng across the cree k , B le dso e s

'
.

thre e guns re p li e d a nda lmost at the same ti me Gui b o r s

’

b atte ry o p e ne d T he a rti llery fight laste d f o r half an

.

ho ur o r mo re whe n the mo unte dme n o n b o th fl

,
anks o f

the go verno r s army ma ne u ve re das i f to su rro u nd S i ge l

’
,

a nda t th e same ti me W e i gh tman s a ndSla ck s i nf a ntry

' ’

ad va nce d rap id ly T he e ngage me nt was sharpandde

.

c is i ve .Sige l f e ll b ack i n goo do rde r andtoo k a ne w po

si ti o n w e ll d e f e nd e d b y hi s arti lle ry T he n W e i ghtman .

re f o rme dh e ne dfi re w i th B le dso e s b atte ry and

'
i s li ne o p , ,

wi th hi s o wn b ri gade andS lack s i nf a ntry pre sse dSi ge l s

' '

li ne hard The fi ghti ng at thi s p

. o i nt w as s tu b b o rn f o r a
whi le b ut Clark andParso ns b ri ngi ng the i r f o rce s to b e ar
, ,

S i g e l gave way andwas so o n i n full re tre at N o r di dhe .

sto p e x ce p
, t te mp o rari ly a t Carthage to ge t hi s w a go n

trai n o ut o f the way unti l he hadpu t f o rty mi le s b e twe e n

,

hi m andthe e ne mi e s who m he e xpe cte d to ca pture wi th

ou t a fig ht The ho no rs o f the b attl e b e lo nge d to W e i ght
‘

man s b ri gade S l ack s co m m and She lb y s mo unte dc o m

’ '
,
'
,

p y
a n a n d B le d so e s b atte ry T he M i sso
’
u. ri a n s l o st 4 ° O f

5 0 k i lle d a nd a bo ut 1 2 0 wo unde d T h e lo ss o f th e e n e m y
was e sti mated as twi ce as large T he fi g ht was kno wn
.

as the b a ttle of C arthag e

Mo 4
 C H A PTE R VI .

LYO N LEAVES BO ON EVILLE FO R T HE SO U TH WEST

PRI C E R E IN FO R C E D B Y M CCU LLOC H AN D PEAR C E
T H EY STAR T T O TH E GO VE RN O R S R E SC U E TH E
'
—
R E N D E ZV O U S AT CO WSKIN PRA IRI E — TH E CO M
B IN E D FO R CE M O VES TO WARD SPRIN G F I E LD
LYO N A D VAN C E S TO ME ET T H EM -T H E B A TT L E a

O F WI LSO N S CRE E K—D EATH O F LYO N —A FR U I T

’

L E SS V I CTOR Y .

EN ERA L LYO N Boo n e vi ll e two w ee k s

d e laye d at

af te r th e capture o f th at p lace , taki ng e ve ry pre ~

cau ti o n to cut o ff commu ni cati on be twee n the

So uthe rn me n o n the n o rth andso uth si d es o f the ri ve r
and p re v e n t th em co o p e rati n g
-
F i n ally, havi n g ar
.

ra n ged thi ngs to hi s sa ti sfacti o n he l e ft Co l J ohn D

,
. .

Ste ven so n i n co mmand o f the ri ver fro m St Lo u is to .

K an sas Ci ty wi th o rd e rs to ho ld the p ri n ci pal towns and

p r e v e n t rec rui ts fro m P ri ce s
’
a rm y cr o ss i n g a nd be g n
a ,

hi s march to the so uthwe st He d

Swe e n y hadbe e n ab l e to cru
ti o n and he w e n t no w to u
,
Cullo chandhi s Co nfe d e rate s battle
. i d no t d o ub t that
sh all o p posi ti on i n that se c
n i te hi s fo rce s ando ff e r M c
A t the crossi n g o f
.

Grand ri ve r so utho f C li n to n he fo rme d a j un cti o n wi th

, ,

Stu rgi s andh i s U n i te d States dragoo n s andp ushe d f o r

,

w ard wi th hi s un i te d force f o r Spri ngfie ld no t k no wi n g ,

that Si ge l hadb e e n ro u te d at Carthage andthat th e Sta te

tro o p s w ere i n p racti ca l p osse ssi o n o f th e co u ntry B ut .

at th e cro ssi n g o f th e O sage a f e wmi l es abo ve O sceo la

, ,

he l e arn e d o f Si ge l s de feat H e ferri ed hi s me n and

’
.

trai n s across the ri v er hu rri e dly wo rk i n g d

, ay andni ght ,

and wi th out re st marche d hi s men tw e n ty se ven mi l es -

wi tho ut steppin g I n the aftern oo n he hal ted f o r a f e w

.

hours to fe e d and re st hi s me n andho rses andthe n te ,

 CON F ED ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 51

s umed hi s march and di d no t hal t agai n un ti l he was

wi thi n thi rty mi l e s o f Spri n gfie ld and fifty mi l es fro m
the crossi ng o f the O sage H e marche d fi fty miles i n ho t
.

J ul y weathe r i n twe n ty fo ur hours H e then l e arn e d

,
-
.

that Si ge l w as i n no i mme di a te dan ge r andmarch e d to ,

Sp ri n gfie ld , thi rty mi l e s i n a more l e i su re ly mann e r

, .

H e e n te re d Sp ri n gfie ld w i tha goo d d e al o f me d i mval dis

pyl a . H i s e s co rt w h i
,
ch w as co mpose d o f St L o ui s Ge r .

man b utche rs re mark abl e f or the i r si ze and fe roci o us

,

asp e ct ,
was mo un te d o n po we rful i ron gray ho rses and -

arme d wi th b i g re vo l ve rs andmassi v e swo rd s andth us ,

acco u te red dashe d thro u gh the stree ts o f the li ttl e to wn ,

whi chwas he ld b y Swee ny wi th the vi e w o f o ve rpo we r ,

i ng the si mp l e coun try pe opl e wi ththe fiercene ss o f thei r

Whe n Ge n eral Pri ce l e ft Le fi ngto n he made hi s way

di re ct to Ge ne ral Mccull ochs he ad quarte rs En ro ute ’
.

he was j o i n ed b y me n i n squad s andco mpani e s so that ,

w he n he reache d Co wski n prai ri e i n the e x tre me so uth ,

western co rn e r o f the State he had a bo ut i zco me n wi th , ,

him tho ugh mo st o f the m w ere un arme d

, H e the re .

l e arne d that Ge n N B Pearce a We st Po in t grad uate and

. . .
,

anacco mp li she dso ldi e r co mmand e r o f the mi li tary fo rce s

,

o f A rkansa s w , as n ea r M aysv i ll e i n that Sta te wi th an

Ark an sas b ri gade and l e avi n g hi s me n i n campo n Co w

,

ski n p rai ri e h e w e n t th e re wi th a sma ll esco rt Ge n e ral .

Pe arce rece i ve d hi m co rdi all y and i n fo rme d hi m that

Ge ne ral M cCu lloch had le ft F o rt Smi th whe re hi s he ad ,

q uarters had be e n andwo uld reach M aysvi ll e the n ex t

,

day Ge n eral Pearce l o an e d Ge ne ral Pri ce 65 0 musk e ts

.

wi th whi chto he l parm hi s me n .

G e n eral Pri ce re tu rn ed to Co wski n p rai ri e o rgani ze d ,

hi s men as we ll as he co uld andpl ace d tho se w ho m he ,

co u ld arm unde r co mmand o f Co l A l e xande r E Ste e n a . .

,

youn g Mi sso u ri an andWest Poi n ter w ho hada sho rt ti me ,

be fore re si gn e d from the re gul ar army The n e x t day .

Ge n eral M ccull och i n advan ce o f hi s troo p

,
s re ach ed ,
52 C ON FE D E RA TE fiI I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

Ge ne ral Pri ce s he adq uarters, and at o nce a gre e dto ai d

'

the M i sso uri ans Ge ne ral Pearce also agre edto ai dthe m
.

wi thhi s A rkansas f o rce The ne x t day, the 4 tho f uly,

. J
Mc u clloch and Pe arce e nte re dM i sso uri w i th Churchi ll s
'

mo unte dCo nfe derate re gi me nt Grati o t s A rkansas i nf an ,

’

try Carro ll s mo u ntedre gi me nt andWoo d ru

' '
, fi s b attery
re ached Pri ce s ca mpth e same d ay w e re j o i ne db y hi m
’

, ,

andco nti nu e dth e i r march no rthw ardto rescu e Go ve rno r

J ackso n and hi s party U nde r the i mme ss i o n that the

.

go ve rno r was pre sse d b y L yo n o n o ne si d e a ndSi ge l o n

the other M cCu ,

llochle f t hi s i nfantry b e hi nd andhe and ,

Pri ce pre sse d forward to hi s re l i e f O n ap pro achi ng

.

N eo sho M cC ullochse nt Churchill wi th two co mp

,
a ni e s to

tu re a co mp any Si ge l hadle f t th Thi s Churchi ll

’

cap e re .

di dwi tho ut fi ri ng a gun H e no t only too k r3 7 pri so ne rs

.
,

b ut what was o f mo re i mp o rtance cap tu re d1 5 0 sta nd o f

,

arms and se ve n w agons l oad e dw i tharmy supp li es At .

the b reak o f d ay o n th e 6 th the w ho le f o rce was o n the

,

marchagai n to Carthage b ut duri ng the day l earne dtha t

,

the go ve rnor and hi s co mmandhad d e fe ate dSi gel and

were e n ro ute to j o i n the m M cculloch a ndPe arce wi th

.

the i r troo p s the n re tu rnedto M aysvi lle andPri ce taki ng , ,

co mmando f th e M i sso u ri ans, re tu rne dto Co w ski n rai ri e

p
and w e nt to w o rk o rgani zi ng th e m i nto co mp ani es and

re gi ments .

U nde r the ci rcu mstance s thi s was hardwork H e had

, .

no arms no mi li ta ry sup
, plies andno mo ne y to b uy any
, .

The men ne ve r e x p e cte d to b e and never we re p ai d .

B ut me n and ho rse s had to b e f e d and o n Co w ,

ski n

p ra i ri e the re w as li ttle b u t gr ee n c o rn andp oo r b ee f u p

on w hi ch to f e e d the m Quarte rmaster G e n J ame s
.
-
.

H ard i ng andChi e f Co mmi ssary J ohn R ei dwe nt to F o rt

Smi th and then to Li ttle R ock andM e mp
,
hi s, i n search
o f su ppli e s b ut that was a sl o w process The men and
,
.

ho rses mana ge dto li ve o n what the co u ntry afi o rded and ,

whi le Ge ne ral H ardi ng was ab se nt Col Edward H are n , .

acted as q uarte rmaster ge ne ral andb y his ac ti vi ty, i n

-
,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

dustry and unf ai ling co urte sy di d wo nde rs i n pro vi di ng

the ab so lu te ly ne ce ssary su pp li e s,
a nd m aki ng th e m en

co nte nte d All o f G e ne ral Pri ce s staff e x ce pt hi s ad

’
.
,

j utant ge ne ral Co lo ne l H e nry Li ttle we re ci vili ans and

-
, , ,

kne wno thing o f the mili tarydu ti es the i r p o si ti o n i mp o se d

upo n the m B ut the y were wi ll i ng andlearne drapi dly

. .

The G ra nb ymi nes f u e dle ad andGo ve rno r J ack so n s

'
rni sh ,

f o re tho ug ht hadpro vi de da sup py p

l o f o w d er So m e arti l .

le ry a mmuni ti o n cap ture d se rve d as a p atte rn and the ,

canno ne e rs w ere so o n ab le to make the ne cessary e m

muni ti on fo r the i r guns N o twi thstandi ng the e mb ar

rassme nts andd raw b acks the w ,
o rk o f o rgani za ti o n w e nt

ste ad i lyo n a ndhythe last o f the mo nth the State G u

,
ard s

ass u me df o rm andsub stance a ndb e came an army O f

armed and unarmed me n e ve ry o ne o f who m was
,

anxi o u s to mee t th e e ne my andre tri e ve the ho no r o f the

Sta te . S ti ll the ywe re a mo tle ycro wd The re was hardly

, .

a u nif o rm amo ng the m—the i nsi gni a o f e ve n a ge ne ral

o ffi ce r s rank u su e o f so me ki nd o f co lo re d
’
allyb e i ng a stri p

clo th p i nne dto the sho u lder .

G e ne ra l Pri ce le f t Co wskin rai ri e o n the 2 5 th o f J uly

p .

and thre e d ays late r re ach e d Cassvi lle The re he was

.

j oi nedb y B ri gadi e r Ge ne ral M cB ri de wi th6 5 0 arme dme n

-
,

whi ch made hi s e ff ecti ve fo rce o ve r G e ne ral M c

Culloc h re ache dCassvi lle the ne x t day wi th hi s b ri gade ,

amo u nti ng to men ne arly all arme d G e ne ral .

,

Pe a rc e w as w i thin te n mi le s o f C assvi lle wi th hi s b ri gade

Of A rkansas troo ps to ge the r wi th tw o b atte ri e s .

Wo o dr uff s and R e i ds T he e nti re f o rce amo unte d to

,
' '
.

nearly me n b e si de the
, unarme dM i sso uri anS ,

who we nt wi th the army wi th the e x pecta ti o n o f ge tti ng

arm s a f te r a w hile Pri ce M cC u
. lloch a nd Pe arce e ach
,

had an inde pe nde nt co mmand b ut the y agre e dupo n a n ,

o rd e r o f ma rch i n co nf o rmi t
, y w i th w hi ch th e co mb i ne d
f orces b e gan the ir advance o n S ri n fi e l d fif ty two mi le s
p g ,
-

di stant on the last day o f J uly

, T he first di vi si o n co n
. ,

si stin
g o f i nfantry u nde r co mmand o f M cC u lloch le f t ,
64 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Cassvi ll e that d ay The o the r di vi si ons,. mmanded te co

spe cti ve l y b y Pe arce and Ste en , l e ft th e fo ll o wi n g day ,

an d Pri ce wi thout
, taki n g any co mman d acco mp ani ed
,

Stee n
'
s di vi si o n .

A s soo n as Lyo n re ache d Sp ri n gfie ld h e be ga n wri ti n g

andse nd i n g re p rese n tati v es to St Lo u i s andWashi n gto n .

d e mandi n g re i n fo rce me n ts Bu t hi s d e mands rece i ve d

.

l i ttl e if anyatte n ti o n Ge n e ral F re montwas i n co mmand

.

o f th e Weste rn d e p artme n t andd i dno t see m disp , o se d to

he l phi m Whe n assure d that Lyo n must andw ould fight

.

at Sp ri n gfie ld he si mp, l y re pl i ed: If he d oe s he wi ll

do i t o n hi s o wn re spo n si bi l ity ”
Lyo n chafe d and .
,
"
ab u se d e v e rybo d y If i t i s the i n te n ti o n
. he sai d to , ,

gi v e upthe We st le t i t b e so ; Sco tt wi ll cri p

, pl e us if he
A t l ast two re gi me n ts—Ste ve nso n s at Boo ne vi ll e
'
can .
,

andM on tgo me ry s a t Le ave n wo rth

'
—were o rd ere d to re
p o rt to hi m a t Sp ri n gfie ld B ut the yne ve r reache d the re
. .

I t was a q u e sti o n wi th Lyo n wh e th e r to figh t o r re tre at ,

andthe first al te rn ati ve se e me d to b e sa fe r th an th e l ast .

H is o nl y li ne o f re treat w as to R o ll a 1 3 5 mi l es di sta n t , ,

thro u g h a bro k e n rugged co un try wi th the pro bab ili ty

, ,

that Pri ce s and M ccu llochs mo un te d me n w o uld b e

' ’

thro wn i n hi s f ro n t w hi l e thei r i n fan tryp ,

resse d h im d es

p e ra te l y i n re ar B e s
. i d e s to r e tr e a t w as to g,
i v e upall he
hadgai n e d to all o w Pri ce to re turn to the M i sso u
, ri ri ve r

wi th an army and to be gi n ane w a fight f or the posse s .

si o n o f th e S tate H e had
. or me n thoro ughl y ,

a rme d and e q u ip d n d h d m i n d i k d e fea t

p e a e e te r
,
e t o r s

rath e r than tu rn back .

O n Au gu s t rs t h e l e a rn e d t h a t M c c u ll o c h P ri ce a n d ,

Pearce w e re ad van ci n g o n Sp ri n gfie ld He w as d e ce i v e d .

as to th ei r l i n e o f march su pp o si n g t h e y w
,
ere a d v a n c i ng
b y di ff e re n t ro ute s andde termi n e d to attack them i n d
, e

tai l . Wi th thi s vi e w he mo ve d o ut hi s fo rce co nsi sti n g ,

o f n earl y 6 0 00 me n , i n fan try cavalry and arti ll e ry

, , .

Whe n he go t wi thi n fo ur o r five mi l es o f the m and

l e arne d he was mi stake n he stoppe d andw ai tedfo r the m , .
 CONFED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

But he was d e ce i ve d agai n I t was the advance guard .

unde r R ai n s w hi chwas i n fro n t o f hi m The mai n body .

was i n camptwe l ve mi l es b ack The n ext day he mo ve d .

to wi thi n mi l e s o f the So uthern fo rce b ut not be i n g

si x ,

ab l e to l earn an ythi n g abo u t i ts stre n gth and fe ari n g ,

he mi ght b e fl ank ed he de termi ne d to re turn to Spri n g

,
.

fie ld w hi chhe di d reach
,
i n g the re the ne x t eve ni ng
, .

The u ni te d So uthern fo rce s hadre mai nedi n the i r posi

ti on d u ri n g th i s ti me andhadb e e n re i n fo rce d b y Gree r s
’

Te xas re gi me n t Whi l e the tw . o armi e s were th us man x

eu ve ri ng and w atchi n g e ach o the r Ge n eral Pri ce w as ,

an xi ou s to attack bu t Ge n e ral M cC u
,
lloch d ecli n e d u n
l e ss Pri ce would co nse n t to gi ve him the co mmand o f the
co mb i n e d army A t l ast af te r a goo d d ea l o f wran gli n g
.
, ,

Ge n e ral Pri ce yi e lde d, rese rvi ng to hi mse l f ho w e ve r the , ,

ri gh t to resu me co mmand o f the M issouri an s whe ne ve r

he chose . B e l i e vi n g that Lyo n w as sti ll in fro n t o f him ,

M cC u lloch marche d at mi dn i ght o f A ugu st sth, e x p e ct

i ng to su rp ri se andattack h i m at dayb re ak Bu t he so o n .

l e arn ed that L yo n hadl e f t the day b e fo re f o r Spri ngfield .

H e fo ll owed hi m u n ti l he came to Wi l so n s cre e k w he re ’

,

he e n camp ed The re the army re mai ne d thre e d ays the

.
,

dispute all the ti me go i ng on b e twee n Pri ce andM cCul

loch the fo rme r i n si sti n g o n a ttacki n g andthe latte r d
, e ,

cli ni ng to d o 80 A t l ast M cCu

. lloch yi e lde d ando rde re d
the army to b e ready to mo ve that n i ght Au gus t 9 th a t , ,

9 o clo ck Bu t be fo re that ti me i t be gan to rai n and

’
.

the o rde r was co u n te rmande d chi e fly be cause the M i so ,

so u ri ans h ad no cartri d ge bo x es b u t ca rri e d the i r am ,

muni ti on i n the i r pocke ts andi t was li abl e to b e rui n e d

,

i f i t rai n e d hard The troo p. s there fo re lay o n the i r , ,

arms du ri n g th e n i ght aw ai ti n g the d e ve lopme n t o f

,

Late i nthe f n the same day Lyo n mo ve d o u

a te r oon o f t ,

o f Sp ri n gfie ld marche d a bo u
, t five mi l es w e st the n tu rn e d ,

sou thw ard acro ss the p rai ri e andab o u t mi dn i ght came ,

i nsi ght o f R ai n s campfire s H e hadtu rn e d M ccu llochs

’ ’
.
66 C ON F ED ERA TE AI I U TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

le f t andwas i n hi s Si ge l , wi th two re gime nts o f

re ar.

i nf antry, six pi e ces o f arti lle ry andtw o co mp ani e s o f cav

ai ry, aggre gati ng ab o u t me n, had made a s i m i lar

mo veme nt and turne d the ri ght fl ank o f th e Co nf e d

e rate s . He p lante d a b atte ry o n a sma ll hi ll wi thi n 500

yards o f Chu rch i ll s camp , d o sedh i s m e n so as to c ap
'
i sp
tu re e ve ry o ne co mi ng o r go i ng, andw ai te df o r Lyo n to

b e gi n the fight Lyo n halte d i n si ght o f R ai ns c a mp

’
.

fire s unti l daw n andthe n re sumedhi s ma rch, wi th P lum

me r s re gulars i n advance The Co nfede rate s had wi th
’
.

draw n the ir picke ts i n anti ci pa ti o n o f mo vi ng the mse lve s,

and w he n the mo ve me nt was ab ando ned had no t se nt

the m o ut agai n ust at dayli ght R ai ns f o r so me r e a so n
. J
b e came s s u pi ci o us ,
an d se nt a stafi o ffi ce r wi tha sm all
de tachme nt to rcco nno i te r The o ffi ce r soo n came b ack
.

i n haste a ndi nf o rme d hi m that the e ne my we re adva nc

i ng i n f o rce w i th cavalry arti llery and i nf antry fr o m
, , ,

the so u thwe st .R ai ns i nstantly i nfo rme dG e ne ral Pri ce ,

andfo rmedh i s o wn co mmand M cc u llo chw as at Pri ce s

‘

quarte rs andthi s was the first i nti mati o n e i the r of the m

,

hadthat L yo nandhi s armywe re upo n the m M cCullo ch .

discre di te dthe i nf o rmati on a ndsai dhe wo uldgo hi mse lf

,

andsee ab o u t i t b ut b e fo re he co u
,
ldmo u nt hi s ho rse an
o th e r me sse nge r came w i th the i nfo rmati o n that R a i ns
was f alli ng b ack b e fo re o verwhe lming numb e rs andat ,

the same ti me ca me the re p o rt o f Lyo n s arti lle ry, w hi ch

‘

Was follo we di n a mo me nt b y the guns o f Si ge l w ho had ,

op e ne d fi re o n Chu rchill andG re e r a ndB ro w n andwas ,

dri vi ng the m i n co nf u s i o no u t o f the li ttle valle y i n w hi ch

the y w e re e ncamp ed as Lyo n w ,
as d ri vi ng R ai ns .

I nstantly M cculloch and M cI nto sh mo unte d and g al

lo pe dto take co mmand o f th e Co nf e d e rates o n th e e ast

si de o f th e cre e k andPri ce o rd
, e ri ng hi s i nf a ntry and ar
,

tille ry to f ollo w rushe d u , p B lo o d y H i ll— a co nsi d e ra b le

e mine nce i n th e mi d st o f th e fie ld andso name db e ca u se

the b a ttle that e nsu e d ro are dandb ro ke i n b lo o d y w a ve s

arou nd i t—and to o k co mmand o f Caw tho rn s b ri ga d e

’
,
 C O N F E D ERA TE l /LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y
al . 57

whi ch was f alli ng b ack fighti ng, i n the ho p e of h o lding

the e ne my i n check u nti l hi s i nf antry and arti lle ry co uld
co m e up . T he se we re d the y came upthe
f o rmi ng, an

hill wi th a rush F i rst came Slack wi th H u ghe s re g i

’
.
,

me nt andT ho rnto n s b attalio n andfo rme do n the le f t o f

’

Cawtho rn; the n Cl ark w i th B u rb ri dge s re gi me nt, and

’

f o rm e do n the le f t o f Slack ; the n Parso ns wi th K e lly s

’

re gi me nt a ndG u i bo r s b atte ry andf o rme do n the le f t o f

'
,

C lark , and o n the e x tre me l e f t o f the l i ne M cB ri de to o k

posi ti o n wi th hi s two re gi me nts Sho rtly af te r Ri ve s
. ,

wi thso me di smo untedmen re i nforcedSlack ; andWe i ght,

man wi th Clarkso n s and H urst s re gi ments whi chhad

,
' ’

b e e n e ncamp e da mile o r mo re aw ay came u pat a do ub le,

qui c k a ndforme db e twee n Slack andCawtho rn I n the .

me anti me Woodruflhadtaken po si ti o n wi thhi s A rkansas

b atte ry o n an e l e vate dp o i nt o f lando verloo ki ng th e fie ld

f ro m the east a ndat the first so u ndo f T o tte n s gu ns had

’

op e ne d a fire o n Lyo n w hi ch re tarde d hi s advance and

gre a tly ai d edth e M i sso u ri ans i n ge tti ng i nto p o si tio n

T he b attle was no w f ai rly se t The o p p g

o s i n . f o rce s

we re ne arlye qual Pri ce hadab o ut 3 5 00 me n andLyon

.
, , ,

de ducti ng the r 5 00 unde r Si ge l had ab o ut 3 5 00 The

, , , .

l i ne s we re no t mo re than thre e hundredyards apart, b ut _

a he a vy u nde rgro w tho f ti mb e r se para te d andconcealed

the m f ro m e ach o the r Pri ce s me n We re arme dmostly
'
.

wi th hunti ng ri fle s and sho tguns and to make them ,

e ff e c ti ve i t w as ne ce ssary that th e li nes sho u ldb e clo se

to ge the r . I nste ad o f advanci ng Pri ce wai te df o r Lyo n ,

to a tta ck H e di d no t have to wai t lo ng

. I n a li ttle .

whi l e the o rde r to mo ve f o rwardwas he ard, andthro ugh

the b ru s h the e ne my came Whe n the y we re wi thin
.

clo se range the re rang o u t the sha rpre p o rt o f a th ou sand

ri fl es
, the he avi e r re p o rt o f a tho u sa nd sh otgu ns and ,

crack o f i nnu me rab le pi sto ls the ro ar o f G ui b o r s guns

'
,

a nd th e d ay i n the fie l d M i sso u ri ans h a dloo kedf o rw ard

to lo ngi ngly ami d the d i sa ppo i ntme nts and d e lays o f

-

mo nths was b e fo re the m andthe y re so lvedto di e o r con

,
~
58 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

quer where the y d R o ugh and ragge dandwo rn

stoo .
,

the b e st b loodo f Mi sso u ri face dth e e ne my i n th at b a ttle

l i ne The handthat heldthe muske t mi ght b e awkwa rd,

.

b uti t w as stead y The me nmi ght no t b e ab le to mane uve r,

.

b ut the yco u l dfight When o ne o f the m f e ll anunarmed

.

man steppe d promptly f orward to take hi s place and his

gu n F or ho u
. rs th e fight w ent on T he l i nes wo uld
.

ap pro achto w i thin fif tyyard s o f e achothe r, d e li ver their

fire and f all b ack a f e wyard s to re fo rm andre load It .

was a succe ssi on o f charge s follo wedb y a successi o n o f

rep ulse s wi th sol emn i nte rvals o f si le nce b e twee n as
, ,

e ach si d e braced i tse l f agai n f o r th e d esp erate stru g gle .

It w as man to man and to the d e ath Pri ce w. ou ld not

have re treate d i f he could and Lyon could no t i f h , e
would H e hadri skede verythi ng onthe desperate chance
.

o f b attl e andh, adto figh t i t ou t to the b i tte r e nd .

M cCullochs andPe arce s i nf antry were o n the east si d

' ’
e

o f th e creek w here M cCullochhadf o rme dthe me nso as to

,

me e t Si ge l s attack and to pro te ct Pri ce s rear po sti ng

’ ’
,

the Th i rd Lo u i si ana McIntoshs re gi me nt andM c R ae s

’ ’
,

b attali on w i thi n p rote cti ng d i atame o f Woo d ruflsbatte ry ’

whi ch was firi ng across the cre e k H e had not more .

than mad e th ese di sp osi ti ons w hen a force o f the e ne my

ap pe ared movi ng do wn the cree k on the e as'tern si de
,

wi ththe evi dent intenti ono f charging Woo drufi s b a tte ry .

Leavi ng Grati o t to sup port Woo dm fl he ordere d M c ,

I ntosh wi th hi s regi ment di smou

,
nte d , t e Th
h i rdLo u is
i ana and M cR ae s b attal i o n to meet the advanci ng F ed
’

o f re gular i nfantry anda regi ment o f H o me G uards , wi th

a l oss of ab ou t 1 00 on eachsi de Pl u mmer was se ve rely.

Si ge l hadnot b eenheard fro m si nce the first dash early

i n the morni ng H e had.
, i n fact, t ake n p osi ti on o n th e

F aye tte vi ll e road to i ntercept andcap tu re the Co nf e d er

ate s af ter Lyo nh adrou tedthem H is d isp osi ti o ns to th
. at
e ndw ere mad e wi thmi li tary p reci si on H is b atte ry cc .
 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y . 59

cupi e da mmandi ng posi ti o n hi s i nf antry e xtendedo n

co ,

b o th si d e s o f th e road anda co mp , any o f re gu lar cavalry

was o n each flank H e was qui e tly awai ti ng results
. .

A fter the afl ai r w i th Plu mme t, Mcc ullochwent i n search

o f hi m H e to o k hi s o w n i nf antry wi th R osser s and
'
.
,

O K ane s M i ssou ri battal i ons and B led

'
soe s b atte ry
’ ’
.

B le d soe p lace dhi s b atte ry so as to commandthe ene my s

’

posi ti on R ei ds b attery was so me what east o f B le dsoe s

' '
. .

T he i nf antry ad vance d to the attack and B le d soe and

R e i d O pe ne d at p o i nt b l ank range - Si ge l was ta ken b y.

su rp ri se and h i s men thro w n i nto co nf usi o n andwhen ,

M cculloch and M cInto sh wi th 400 o f the Thi rd Lo u ,

is
i ana andR o sser s and0 Kane s b attali ons b ro ke thro u
’ ’ ’

gh ,

the b ru sh and ch argedh i s b attery hi s whole force fl ed ,

ab a nd o ni ng the gu ns so me go ing o ne way andso me an

,

o ther . Si ge l andSalo mo n wi th ab out 2 00 o f the Ge rman ,

H o me Gu ard s and Carr s co mp

'
any o f re gu lar cavalry ,

tri e d to ge t back to Sp ri ngfi eldb y the ro u te the y came ,

b ut we re attacked b y L i e ute nant Co l o nel M aj or, w i th

-

so me mo u nte dM issou rians andT e xans andagai n rou te d ,

.

Carr and hi s cavalry fl e dp re ci pi tate ly Si ge l wi tho ne .

man reache d Sp ri ngfie l di n saf e ty N e arly all the re st.

we re ki l led, wounde d o r captured In the meanti me . ,

the mai n fight o n B loo d H ill rage d fierce ly T hou g h

y .

hard pre sse d Pri ce had no t yi e lde d a f oo t o f gro und

,
.

C hu rchi ll w ho he lda posi ti o n o n the le f t o f the li ne di s

, ,

mo unte d hi s me n and mo ve dthe m to the ce nte r where ,

the need w as greatest Pri ce th. en ad v a nc e d G ui b o r 8

b atte ry i n li ne wi ththe i nf antry while Wo o drufi confi n .

‘

uedthrowing hi s shells o ver his li ne i nto the ranks of the

e ne m
y . S t i ll th e b a ttle w as n o t w o n L yo n w as b r i n g .

i ng up e ve ry avai l able man fo r a last desp e rate e fl o rt .

Pri ce askedf o r ai d andG e ne ral Pe arce wi thGrati o t and

, ,

hi s Arkansas i nfantry ca me to hi s assistance,

In ge tti ng .

i nto p osi ti o n Gra ti o t snfi e re dse ve re l y H i s horse and .

hi s o rde rly s we re ki l le d hi s li eute nant colonel was di s

’
,
‘

m o unte d hi s maj o r s arm was b ro ken hi s q

,
'
uarte rmaste r ,
60 C ON F ED E R A TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

was ki lled andhi s mmi ssary b adly wo unded B ut the

co .

re gi me nt too k th e p os i ti o n i t was ord e redto take and

he ldi t tho ughi n half an ho ur i t lo st ro e o ut o f 500 me n

. .

The fighting w as no w f u ri ous In the wo rds o f Scho

.

fie ld and Stu The e ngage me nt had b eco me i nco n

“
rgi s ,

ce i vab ly fie rce all alo ng th e e nti re li ne the e ne my a

p
,

pe aring i n f ro nt o f te ni n three o r f our ra nks l yi ng do wn

, , ,

kne e li ng a ndstand i ng andthe l ine o fte n a p

, proachi ng to
wi thi n thi rty o r f o rty yards as the e ne my wo uldcha rge
,

upo n Te tte n s b atte ry andwo uldb e dri ve n back

’ ”
Ge n .

e ral Pri ce w as p ai n fu lly w ou ndedi n th e si de bu t di dnot ,

le ave the fi eld H e only sai dto those who we re near hi m

.

that i f he w e re as sli m as Lyo n th e bu lle t wo uldno t have

hi t hi m We i ghtman was b o rne to the re ar dyi ng ; C a w
.
»

thorn and hi s ad j utant were mo rtally wo unded; Slack

was de spe rately wounde d; Clark was sho t i n the le g;
Co l Be n B ro w
. n was ki lled; Co lo ne l A lle n, o f Ge ne ral
Pri ce s stafi , was ki lle db y the si d e o f hi s ch ie f ; Colo nels
’

B urb ri d ge , K e lly, F o ste r andnu me ro us fieldo ffi ce rs we re

di sab led B ut Lyo n was wo rse hurt than Pri ce H e had
.
, .

ho we ver, ri sked e ve rythi ng o n the chance , and i n the

shad o w o f i mp e nd i ng d e f ea t w as d e te rmi ned to mak e a

su p re m e e ff o rt to re verse t he ti de th a t w as se tti ng stro ng

ly agai nst hi m D i smo u nte d
.
,
he was le ad i ng hi s ho rse
alo ng hi s b attle li ne , sp e aki ng w o rd s o f e nco u rage me nt

to hi s men, w he n his horse was kille d and he was

wounde d H e was dazed b y the shock, b ut qui ckly
.

re co ve red ,
mo unte d ano the r ho rse , and, drawi ng his
sword calle d upo n hi s men to
, follo w hi m A mo m e nt .

a f ter a b all stru ck hi m i n the b re ast and he fe ll fro m hi s

ho rse , andi n ano the r mome nt was dead .

I n the p au se that occu rre d f o ll o wi ng Lyo n s de a th

'
,

Pri ce was re i nf o rce db y D ocke ry s A rkansas re gi me nt, a

’

se cti o n o f R e i ds b atte ry and the T h i rdLo ui si ana re gi

’

me nt Thus stre ngthe ned, he was b e tte r pre p

. a redto ho ld

hi s gro undthan he hadb e e n at any ti me duri ng the day .

The co mmando f the F ede ral army devolvedon M aj or

 C O N F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 61

S turgi s . Heunse l e d wi th hi s pri nci pal o fl

co i cers a nd
the y d e ci de d to re tre at T he o rd e r to w i thdraw was
m
.

gi ve n a t o nce andp rom ly o b e ye d , S

tee le s b attali o n o f
’

re gu la rs b ri nging up the rear F o r five ho urs the fight .

o n B lo o d y H ill hadlaste d and the d e ado f b o tharmi e s

,

lay upo n i t in p i le s Whe n i t be came kno wn that the

.

F e de ra ls we re re tre ati ng and that the d ay w as w on a ,

gre a t sho ut o f e xultati on and re li e f w e nt u pf ro m the

me n who had fo ught the re which re ache d the e ars o f ,

We i ghtman whe re he lay dyi ng and he aske d tho se ,

a ro u ndhi m w hat i t me ant We have whi ppe dthe m.

he was to ld Thank Go d he sa i d
”
the y have go ne , .
, .

I n a no the r mo me nt he was de ad O f hi m i n hi s re p o rt . ,

G e ne ral Pri ce sai d: “

A mo ng tho se w ho f e ll mo rtally
wo unded o n the b attle fie l d none dese rve a deare r pla ce ,

i n the me mo ry o f M i sso u ri ans than R i ch ard H anso n

We i ghtman co lo ne l co mmandi ng the F i rst b ri gade o f the

,

S eco nddi vi si o n o f th i s a rmy T aki ng uparms at the ve ry .

b e gi nni ng o f thi s u nhappy co nte st he hadalread y d o n e

,

di sti nguishe dse rvi ce at the b a ttle o f R ock Cree k whe re ,

he co mmanded the State f o rces af te r the death o f the

lame nte d H ollo way and at C arthage whe re he w
,
on u n ,

f adi ng lau re ls b y th e d i aplay o f e x trao rd i nary co o lne ss ,

co u rage and ski ll H e f ell at the he ado f hi s b ri gad

.
e ,

wo undedi n three place s anddi e dj ust as the vi cto ri o us ,

sh ou ts o f o u r men b e gan to ri se u po n the ai r .

T he losse s o f the armi e s ki lled wo unde dandmi ssi ng , , ,

we re ab o ut e qual The to tal F e de ral lo ss was

.
the

to ta l Co nf ed era te 10 88 I n the e ngage me nt b e tw

,
ee n

M c I nto shandPlumme r the F ede rals lo st 80 a ndthe Co m

,

f e de rates 1 0 1 I n the a ttack o n Si ge l the Co nf e d

.
e rate
,

l oss was small b ut Si ge l s l oss was he avy—no t le ss than

,
’

3 0 0 . T h e l o ss o f th e M i sso u ri ans o n B lo o d y H i ll w as

6 80 ; the lo ss o f the A rkansaus the re —Chu rchi ll s and

’

G ra ti o t s re gi me nts andWo o drufi s b a tte ry—was 3 08 The

’ ’
.

loss o f b o th si de s o n B lo o dy H i ll was M i sso uri ans and ,

A rk ansans 9 88 ; F ederals 8 9 2
, We m y
l l a,
the h i s to r i a n .
02 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

say N eve r b e fo re—consi d e ri ng th e nu mbe r e ngaged

—had so b loo dy a b attle be en fought on A meri can so il ;
se ldom h as a b loo d i e r one e en f o u b
ght o n any mo de rn
"
fie ld .

The F ed e rals re treatedto Sp ri ngfie ldl e a i ng the ody v b

o f the i r de ad ge neral on th e field B y o rder o f Ge ne ral
.

Pri ce the b ody was i d enti fie dandd e li ve red to hi s fri e n , m

who came to ask f or i t under a fl
ag o f truce . B ut i t was

was h
take n in of and gi ven d
c arge ec e nt b u ri a l b y

M rs J ohn S Phe lps, the wif e o f a f o rmer re p

. . rese nta ti ve

i n co ngress fro m that di stri ct, the n an o ffi cer i n the F ed

e ral ar my .

T he fru i ts o f thi s sp le nd i d vi cto ry w ere l ost A s so o n

.

as i t w as kno w n that the F ed e ral s w ere re tre ati ng G e n ,

e ral Pri ce u rge dGe ne ral M ccu llochto make p ursui t b ut ,

M cculloch decli ne d The F e de rals had no t o nl y lost

.

he avi lyi n the b attle b ut we re b adly de mo ra li ze d andhad

, ,

a long andd ifii cu lt ro adto travel b e fo re the y co ul dreach

ap o i nt w here they co uldho pe f o r assi stance That po i nt
.

was R oll a and the road ran through a rugge d b ro k e n

, ,

co u ntry w i thmany stre ams to ford or fe rry, andwas al

,

re ad y cr o w d e d w i th h u nd re d s o f U ni o n re f u g e es w i ththe ir
,

teams and fami li es, w ho we re fl ee i ng i n mo rtal te rro r

f ro m B e n M cc u lloch and hi s Texans B ut Mcc ullo ch

.

re fu se d th en and afterw ard to make e ve n a p re te nse o f

pursui t So the de ad we re buri e d whe re the y f e ll and

. ,

th at f or w hi ch they f ought and di ed, anddyi ng tho ught ,

the yhadattai ned w as le f t i n the p

, osse ssi o no f the e ne m y .

Tho ugh Ge ne ral Pri ce insi sted on p ursui t andhad the

,

ri ght to resu me the commando f the M isso uri ans whene ve r

he please d he d , i dno t f e e l stro ng enou gh andlacke d the
,

ne ce ssary ammu ni ti o n to make the pu rsu i t alo ne .

 C H A PTER VII .

SI G EL R E TR E ATS TO R O LLA—MCC U LLO C H AN D PEAR CE

R E TU RN TO —
A RK AN SAS F ED E RAL D E F E AT A T
—
D R YWOO D PRI CE IN ESTS THE FE D E RA L WO RK S
V
A T L EXI N GTO N TIIE M O I N G B R E ASTWO RKS
-
V
M U L L IG AN S U R R E N D E R S—
AF F A IR A T B LU E
AN
M I LL S —G EN ERAL T H O M PSO N AN D H IS O PE RAT IO N S
—PR IC E CO M PELLED TO R ETREA T—TH E LEGISLA
T U R E A T N E O SHO PASS ES AN A CT O F SEC ESSIO N
M E M BER S O F THE CO N FED ER AT E CO N GR E SS
—
C H O S E N F RE MO N T S B O D YG U AR D D E FEA TED A T
'

S P R I N GF I E LD —H U N TE R SU CC EE D S FR EM O N T AN D
R E TR EATS REO R GA N I ZA TIO N O F TH E STAT E
T R O O PS —F I RST AN D SECO N D C O N FE D ERA T E
B R I GAD ES .

N re achi ng Spri ngfi e ld M aj S D Sturgi s, who had

,
. . .

tak encommando f the F e d eral s o nthe d eatho f Lyo n,

tu rne dth e co mmando ver to Si ge l, w ho was supp o se d

to b e the ranking o m ce r Si gel, af te r co nsu

. ltati on w i th
the o the r o ffi ce rs, d e te rmi ne dto re tre a t to R olla, andat
once mo ve do u t wi th a stro ng e sco rt and the army trai n,
co nsi sti ng o f 400 h e avi ly lad en w ago ns a p art o f th e ir
,

lo adb e i ng 3: i n go ldtake n f ro m the b ranch State

bank at Springfi e ld The re ma inde r o f the army mo ve d
.

the same ni ght . The d a y af te r th e b attle Ge ne ral M c

Cullo ch withdre whi s tro o ps to A rkansas, the Arkansans

re tu rne dto th e ir o w n State and Ge ne ral Pri ce , wi th the
Sta te G ua rd too k p
, o ssessi o n o f Sp ri ngfi e ldandwe nt to

work rec rui ting organi zi ng anddri lli ng hi s army Some

, .

o f th e me n w i thhi m hadno t e nli ste d T he y we re organ.

i z e d af te r a manne r o f the i r o wn into sq uads andco m

pa ni es M any o f the m di dno t b e lo ng to any re gi me nt
. .

N o ne of the m w e re u ni forme d, anda large nu mb er had

no t b e e n drill ed The v had no te nts, no e q
. ui pments of
64 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

any ki nd, d the re were no de po ts o f sub si ste nce o r

an

clo th i ng o r ammu ni ti o n T he re we re no muste r ro lls

.

and no re p o rts T he F ede rals he ldthe M i sso u

. ri ri ve r

andi t w as a b lock to re cru i ti ng i n the no rthe rn part o f

the State . H o me G u ard s armedfro m th , e arse nal a t St .

Lo u i s swarme d i n nea rly e ve ry co u

,
nty i n the so uthe rn
B u P i e and h i s o ffi ce rs p e rse ve red a nd a t
p a rt. t r c ,

le ngththe u nw i e ldy mass assume dco he re nce andf o rm .

In le ss than a mo nth Pri ce w as a b l e to mo ve i n the

di re cti o n o f the M i sso uri ri ver wi th a f o rce o f ab o ut

4 5 0 0 arme dme n andse ve n p
,
i eces o f arti lle ry A t D ry .

woo d ab o ut fiftee n mi le s e ast o f F o rt Sco tt i n K ansa s he

, ,

e nco u nte red se ve ral tho usandK ansas j ayhawke rs und er ,

G e n J ame s H Lane and ro utedthe m

. .
,
Fro m the re he
.

marche d i n the di recti o n o f L e xi ngto n, which was held

b y a b ri gad e o f I ri sh me n a re gi me nt o f I lli no i s ca valry
, ,

se veral re gi me nts o f H o me Gu ard s andse ve n p i ec e s o f

arti lle ry u ,
nde r the co mmando f Co l J ames A M u . lli gan
. .

H e reache dLe xi ngto n o nthe mo rni ng o f Se p te mb e r rzth

and d ro ve th e F ed e rals i nto th ei r d e f e nse s wh i ch we re
,

arra nge daro u ndthe M aso ni c colle ge b u i ldi ng as a ce nte r .

The p o si ti o n w as a stro ng o ne andwas stro ngly f o rti fi ed .

Pri ce s me n we re e xhau stedb y five d ays h ardmarchi ng

' ‘

wi th o nly such pro vi sio ns as the y co uldpi ck upo n the

road si d e as the y mo ved alo ng H avi ng d
. ri ve n the

e ne my to co ve r Pri ce too k p ,
o sse ss i o n o f th e to w n and
camp edh is tro o p s at the f ai r gro u nd s Af te r wa i ti ng
.

se ve ral d ay s f or hi s ammu ni ti o n train to co me u p b e' ,

close ly i nve sted th e stro ngh o ldo f th e e ne my R a ins .

di vi sio n occupi ed an advantageo us po si tion to the east

andnorth e ast o f th e w o rks fro m w hi chan e ff ecti ve a rti l
,

le ry fi re was ke p t upb y B le d so e s a ndCh urchill Cla rk s

' ’

b a tteri e s . Parso ns to o k p o si ti o n wi th hi s d i vi si on and

G ui b o r s b atte ry so u thw e st o f th e w
'
o rks Ap art o f G e n
.

eral Ste en s a ndCo l Co n re ve J ackso n s co mmands

’
g .
'
was
he ld i n re serve Ski rmi shers and sharp
. shoo ters f ro m
the co mmand s first name dd i de ff e cti ve se rvi ce haras s i ng
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 65

the my andcutti ng 0 6 thei r supply o f wate r W i th

ene

o mm
.

ou t wa te r i t w as i mp e for M u lli gan to ho ld hi s

po si ti o n H e lost a numb e r o f me n goi ng to andre turn
.

i ng fro m the spring u pon whi chhe de pe nded A t l as t a .

wo man was se nt o r vo l unteere dto go Thi s was a si l e nt .

ap peal to the chi valry o f the M i sso u ri ans and i t was ,

e ff e c ti ve N o t a sho t was fired at he r, b ut she was

.

che e re das she filled h er cante e ns andre tu rnedw i ththe m

in saf e ty to he r fri e nd s Du
. ri ng th e d ay Co lo ne l R i ve s ,

wi th his and Co lonel H ughe s re gime nts captured the

'
,

A nd e rso n re si d ence , w hi ch was u se d b y M u lli gan b o th

as a hosp i tal and a f ortificati o n Thi s b rought the m
.

wi thi n e fi e cti ve ri fle range o f the e nemy The di vi si o ns .

o f M cB ri d e and H arris stormedandoccu p i e d t h e b l u ff s

i mmediate ly no rth o f the A nd e rson h ou se B ut M ull i

.

g an watchedhi s O p p o rtu n i ty a n d b y a s u d d e n d a s h re too k

the ho u se and h e i ghts b u ,t the y w ere d i rectly af terw ard

agai n taken, andh e l dto th e last .

I t hap pe nedthat there was a large numb e r o f bales o f

he m pl yi ng o n the wharf andon the morning o f the 3 0 th
, ,

G e neral Pri ce at the su e sti o n i t i s sa i d o f G e n T ho mas

, gg , ,
.

A H arri s d
. e te rmi ne d to try th
,
e e xp e ri me nt o f u si ng

the m as movab le b re astwo rks H e first hadthem tho r

.

ou h l k d i n h i n h m t k i n fi
g y so a e t e r v e r to p re v e t t e a g re .

a ndthe n ro lle du th
p e s te e p b a n k to th e p la i n su rro u n d
i ng M ulli gan s p osi ti on M e n ro ll e d the m fo rwardwi th
’
.

hoo ks whi le fro m the co ve r they afforde dri fieme n k ept

,

upa steady fire whi ch was constantly advanci ng T he .

e ne my h a dno t recko ne do n any su chmod e o f atta ck and ,

a t tw o o cl ock i n th e afternoo n a w hi te fl ag w as d i sp laye d

’

i n to ke n o f su rre nd e r andth e Fed eral f o rces la i dd ow n

,

th e i r arms andgave th e mse lves u i n of w

p p as r so e rs ar .

The re sul ts o f thi s vi ctory to the M isso u ri a ns w ere

— w
.

3 5
, 00 p r i so n e rs a m o n g t h e m e re C o l o n e l s M ul li g an .

M arshall, Peab ody Whi te G ro ve r, M aj or V an H o rn and

, ,

1 1 8 o th er commissi o ne d o ffi ce rs—five fieldp i e ce s - twO ,

me r ta ramore than
-
sta ndo f arms, a la rge nu mb e r o f
no 5
66 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

a mmuni ti on, commi ssary and q uarterm aste r stores and

o ther p roperty I n add i ti on to these thi ngs, Gene ral
.

Pri ce came i nto posse ssi o no f th e gre a t se al o f the Sta te of ,

b e e n take n fro m the b ank at Le xi ngton b y G ene ral Fre

mo nt s orde r The mone ywas re turnedto the b ank and
'
.

the State s property we ll care d f or The low o f the

'
.

M isso u rians w as ab o u t 1 5 0 ki ll ed and w ou nd e d andth at ,

o f th e Fed e rals ab o u t the same B o th si des f o u

.
ght
mostly und e r co ver andth e casu alti es co nse q ue ntly were
no t gre at The e m
,

eers and me n w ere p ar o led e x ce t

.
p ,

Co lo nel M u lli gan H e re fuse dto acce pt a p

. aro le on th e

grou nd that his go ve rnme nt d i dno t re co gni ze the M is -

so u ri ans as b e l li ge re nts andh e an dhi s wi f e b e ca me the

,

gu e sts o f General Pri ce andw ere tre ated w i ththe great

e st cou rtesy b y h i m mi dhi s o fi cers .

A fte r the first day s fight at Le xingto n, whi le Ge neral

'

Pri ce was camp e d a t th e f ai r gro u nd s aw ai ti ng the

arri val o f h i s camp and ammuni ti o n trai ns a spi ri ted ,

afi air occu rre d at B lu e M i lls ab o u t thi rty mile s ab o ve

,

Le fi ngton Ge ne ral Pri ce le arnedthat ab o u

. t Kan
sas j ayhaw ke rs und e r Lane andM o ntgo me ry anda co n
, ,

si de rab le f orce o f re gu lar cavalry w e re ad vanci ng to

re li eve Mu lli gan A t the same ti me a b odyo f so m e 3 5 00
.
,

M i ssou rians u nd er command o f Co lo ne l Sau

,
nde rs was ,

a dvancing to the assi stance o f Pri ce Pri ce se nt Ge n . .

D avi dR A tchi son, at o ne ti me p

. re s i d e nt o f the U ni te d

State s Senate to mee t the M i ssouri ans andhurry the m

,

forw ard . The y re ache dthe ri ve r at B lu e Mi ll s fi rst and ,

all b u t 5 00 h ad crosse d on th e f e rryb oat Whi le the se .

5 00 w e re w ai ti ng f or an O pp o rtun i ty t o cross th e enem y ,

ca me u po n the m and the re was no thing f o r the m to do

,
.

b ut su rrend e r o r figh t it ou t w he re they stood The y .

ch o se to fi ght The ri ver b o tto m was heavi ly ti mb e re d,

.

whi ch gave them cover anda chance to use the i r sho t

gu ns andhunti ng ri des to advantage For an ho u r the y
.
 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 67

held the j ayhawke rs i n che ck and the n a t the co m

, ,

mando f G e neral A tchi son they charge danddro ve the m

,

until they bro ke i nto parti es and di sperse d B e f ore the .

su rre n d e r Stu rgi s andh i s cavalry app e are don th e nor th

si d e o f the ri ve r e xp , e cti ng to find b o ats to cro ss a nd

re i nforce M u lli gan .Bu t all the b oats had b e e n ca p

tu re db y Pri ce s me n andStu rgi s w as ch ase db y Ge ne ral
’

Parso ns—w
.

hom Ge ne ral Pri ce had sent to Ope rate o n

the no rth si d e of th e ri ve r andp re ve nt re inf o rcem e nts
reach i ng M u lli gan—and escap ed w i th the loss o f hi s
te nts andM peq ui page .

After the su rrend er o f M u lli gan Ge neral Pri ce f o und

m
,

hi s po si ti on at Le unte nab le H e was the co m

.

mande r o f a vi ctori ous army b ut a large numb e r o f hi s

,

me n— the re crui ts who hadco me to hi m—we re u narm e d ,

andh i s mnmuni ti on was nearl y e xhau ste d A sup

.
py l h e

hade xpecte d f ro m the so uth di dno t reachhi m b e cause ,

G e neral M cCu lloch sto p p e d t h e tr a i n e n ro ute o n the

g ro un d th at if i t at te m p te d to pro cee d i t wo uld a lm o st

ce rta i nly b e cap tu re db y th e e nemy All the Co nf ed
. er

a te f o rce s h ad b e en w i thd raw n fro m the State —tho se

unde r General M cculloch f rom the so uthwest andthose
unde r Ge ne rals H arde e and Pi llow fro m the so uthea st
The wi thd ra w al o f the latte r co mp e ll e dGe ne ral Th o mp

Sta te G u
ards i n th e so utheast, to also w i thdraw H e had .

anno ye dthe F ed e rals andke p tt h e m i n a co nti nual state

of l m
a ar , if he hadnot i nfl i cted muchdamage o n the m
H is wi thdrawal lef t Ge ne ral Pri ce wi th the onl y organ
i ze d So uthe rn f o rce in the Sta te .

Ge n M e ff Thom so n w
J m n f a i li ty, b ut It b
. .
p as a a o
w as not stri ctly o f a mili tary o rd er H e e x c e lle d i n
.

i ssui ng proclamati ons and mani f es toes E ve ry do cu

.
'

me nt o f that so rt i ssued b y a F e de ral o ffi ce r, f ro m the

Pres i dent o f the U ni tedStates to the co lo ne l o f a H o me
G ua rd re gi me nt, as surw
e t o b ri ng an an sw e r i n ki nd
from hi m When he co uld findno prete x t f o r e m p10 7
.
'
08 C ON F E D E R A YF M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

me nt i n tha t way he re vi ewed hi s tro ops and ha

,

rangu e d th em H i s e ff orts whe the r w

. ri tte n o r sp
, o ke n
were characteri sti c o f him—a comb inati on of sense a nd
,

b o mb ast o f mili tary shre wd

,
ness andp e rso nal b u fi oo ne ry .

practi cal purpose b ut ga ve hi s camp

,
ai gns a d eci d ed

Op e ra b ou ff é aspe ct Later in the w

. ar h e w as o pe ra ti ng
,

wi thless than zo o men aro undN e w Orleans whi le G e n ,

e ral B u tler w as i a commandthere andb eat th at red, ou bt

able manu f acturer o f manif esto es andb u lle ti ns a t hi s o wn
g am e — and no t o nl y that b u t mad e h ,
i m b e li e ve he
was threatenedb y a force o f at least ro ooo men Ge ne ral , .

Thomp so n w as o f materi a l assi stance to Ge neral Pri ce b y

ke e pi ng a co nsi d erab le F ed e ral f orce e ngage di n w a tch

i ng hi m . A goo dmany ti mes the F ed erals th ou ght they

had hi m surro unded b ut he al ways o utwi ttedthe m or
,

sal uted the m w i th a characteristi c p rocl amati on At .

GrandRi ve r and near F red eri ckto w n he mane u ve re da

small b o d y o f m en i n the f ace o f a f orce o f the e ne my

te n ti mes as large as hi s ow n so skillfu lly as to aeco m .

pli shhi s purpose andge t away soo t free H is shi fti ness -
.

andsu ccess i n ge tti ng o u t o f ti ght p laces gave hi m the

"
ap p p
ro ri a te na m e o f th e S w a m p xF o .

i n Le xi ngton, or el se whe re o n the M isso uri ri ve r, b ut

difii cult to re tre at General F re mont, who was i n co m
.

mando f the de partme nt o f the West, as movi ng i tha w w

large and thoro u ghly e qui ppe d f orce , esti mate d at 4 0 ,
oo o men . to cut o ff hi s li ne o f re treat to the so uth , whi le
he was thre ate ned b y a f o rce e qual to hi s o wn from the
we st consi sti ng o f regular troo ps from Fort Le a ve n
,

wo rth and Kansas vo lunteers and troo ps were cro ss i ng ,

the M i ssouri ri ve r at e ve r
y avai la ble po int to assi st in
the e ff ort to crushhim .

U nder the se umstance s i t was ne ce ssary f or hi m to

ci rc
mo ve p di ly
s ee and rapi dly He d i smi swd the gr e a te r
.
 CONF E D E R A TE M I LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y . 69

part o f hi s unarmedmen as he hadno i mmedi ate me a ns .

o f armi ng th e m bi d ding them no t to give upthe strug

,
~

gle b u
, t to w ait at thei r h omes f or a more au sp i ci o us
ti me .H e b e gan hi s re tre at on the s 7 tho f Sep te mbe r .

H e se nt a consi derab le f o rce o f mou nte d men to m ake

F remont and Stu rgi s andL ane be li e ve h e w as abo u t to
attack each o f them The ru se su cce e d
. ed E a ch .

sto p pe d andFremont comme nce dforti fyi ng i n the nei gh

,

b orho od o f Ge orge to w n where he w as co nce ntrati ng

,

In s f orces Thi s gave Pri ce ti me to move hi s i nfantry

.

andarti ll e ry aggre gating ab o u

, t 8 oo o me n u nmo le ste d , , ,

unti l he go t so uth o f hi s pursue rs H e cro ssed hi s co m .

mandove r the Osage ri ver in fl at b oats bu i lt by hi s me n

f o r the purpose, i n one fo urththe ti me i t afterward too k
-

F remo nt to cross at the same p lace on hi s p onto o n

b ri d ges .H e then c o nti nued h i s re tre at l e i sure l y to

N eosho whe re the legi sla tu

, re was asse mb l ed .

parti cular i t mpli ed wi th the forms o f law I t was

co .

called to ge th er i n e xtraord i nary se ssi on b ythe proclama

ti o n o f the go ve rno r There w .as a q uo rum o f eachhouse
prese nt The go ve rnor se nt to the two ho u
. ses h i s mes
sage reco mme nd i ng amo ng o the r thi ngs the passage o f
, ,

an act di sso lvi ng all po li ti cal co nne cti o n b e twe en the

State o f Mi ssou ri and th e U ni te d State s of Ame ri ca

The ord i nance was p asse d stri ctly i n acco rd ance w i th

lawand p arli ame ntary u sage w as si gne db y th ,
e p resi d

i ng o ffice rs o f the two ho u ses atteste db y J o h ,

n T Cri er) . .

se cre tary o f the se nate and Thomas M M u ,

rray cle rk .
,

o f the h ou and ap d b C l i b ne F J ackso n

se , p ro v e y a o r . .

g o ve rn o r o f th e S ta te T h e l e gi s l
.a t u re al so e le ct e d
me mb ers o f the Provi si onal Co ngre ss o f the Co nf e de r
ate go ve rnme nt amon w h m w ere G e n J oh n B Cl ark
“

g
, o . . .

who was succee de d i n hi s mi li tary command b y C01 .

E dw i n W Pri ce a so n o f G e n Ste rl i ng Pri ce andGe n

.
,
. .
.

Tho mas A H arri s who was succee de d i n his mi li tary

.
,

commandb C l M ti n E G ree n
y o a r . . .
70 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

From the ti me o f the b attl e o f Wi lson s Cree k, Ge ne ral

'

Fre mont had b ee n co llecting an army a t St Lo ui s for .

the u
p p
r o se o f re tri e vi ng that di saster to the F e de ra l
arms and cap
,
turi ng Pri ce o r f orci ng him andh is a rmy
to leave The f orce wi thwhi chhe was now
the Sta te .

advancing o n Springfi e ldw as vari o usly e sti mate da t f rom

to so ooo me n, sp le ndidly arme d ande q

, ui pped,
an d suppli e d wi th e ve ry appliance co nduci ve to their
co mf ort Whe n Fre mo nt approachedSpringfie ld Pri ce
.
,

re tre a te dto Cassvi l le andth e n to Pi ne vi lle i n th e so u th ,

we ste rn co me r o f the State H e was de te rmi nedto o fier

.

Fre mo nt b attl e wi thhis State Gu ardf orces no tw i thsta nd ,

i ng the great d i spari ty in the strength o f the two arm i e s ,

bu t he wantedto d rawh i m as far into the O zark mounta ins

as p o ssi b le Fre mo nt occup
. ied Sp ri ngfie ld as so o n as

Pri ce e vacu ated i t b ut hi s e ntrance into i t was not

,

unacco mpani e d b y di saste r H e ha dtwo bod.

ygua rd s .

O ne his own w
, as co mp o se d o f I nd
,
i ans : the o the r ,

kno wn as the J esse F re mo nt gu ard s w as a p i cked co rp

, s
command e db y M aj o r Zagony i a Hu ngarian o fii cer and
, ,

was as magni fice ntly armed andequi ppe das the b o dy

gu ardo f an e mp ress The ad vance in e nte ri ng Spri ng
.

fie ldwas gi ven to thi s crack co mp anyof th s dé li te

'
e corp .

ardto w raww
_

The last o f the State Gu i thd as a smal l ia

fantry b attali o n o f M c B ri d e s d i vi si o n u nder co mmand

’

of Co l T T Taylor a stafi c fl
. . . i ce r
, Taylo r p osted h
. is
men i n a co rnfi e ld j ust i n the e dge o f to wn andas Zag ,

onyi andh is resplend e nt co mmandca me d ash ing i n they ,

fire da vo lle y w hi ch e mpti ed a thi rdo f the saddle s and

se nt th e re maind e r o f th e co mma ndb ack p e ll me ll to th e -

mai n b od y The re w
. as mu ch sp o il f o r the ragge d M i s

so n ri sas in th e w ay o f fi ne arms andb lack si lk ve l ve t

unif orms slashe d wi th go ld emb ro i de ry andmuch di s

, ,

gu st i a th e F re mo nt h ou se ho ldo ver su ch b arb arou s w ar

f are i n w
, hi ch the fie rce H u ngari an co mmand e r o f the
ad vance mu st h ave p arti ci pated f o r h e w as ne ve r he ard
,

o f agai n d uri ng the war—at least no t i n M i ssouri .

 C ON F ED ERA TE iI I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y
l .

B ut Pri ce w as do o medto d i sap poi ntme nt F re mo nt, .

no do ub t, would have f o llo wed h i m if the authori ti e s a t

Washington had not inte rvene db y reli e vi ng hi m o f hi s
co mmand . He di d no t take hi s re mo val at all ki ndl y .

H e k ne w the o rde r was o n the w ay f ro m Wash i ngto n ,

and b e su rro u nd ed h i mse lf w i th gu ard s i nstru cte d to

ad mi t no one to his pre se nce wi thout fi rst i nf orming hi m

andge tti ng h i s co nse nt . Thi s was to pre vent the o rder
re aching h i m i n an o ffi cia l f o rm Bu t b y stratage m a
.

me sse nge r finally reached him and del i ve red the o rde r
whichte rminate dhi s mi li tary career in M isso uri I t was .

unde rstood at the ti me tha t he co ntemplateddisre gard

i ng i t andwas onl y pre ve nted b y the re fu
, sal o f hi s su b
o rdi nates p ,arti cu l arly Si gel andAsb o th, to upholdhi m .

It i s p ro b ab le , b i tte rly a s Fre mo nt was d isap p o i nt ed ,

Pri ce s d
'
i sap p o int m e n t was m ore bi tte r H e h ad . ta k en

F re mo nt s me asu
'
re andi f h
,
e co u l dhave drawn hi m dee p
e no u ghi nto the mo u ntai ns w ou ldhave cap
,
tu red or n u
ni hi la te d hi m and hi s army I t i s ce rtai n tha t Ge neral
.

Hu nte r who succe eded hi m i n the co mmand fo u

,
nd the ,

army so d emo rali z e dandso u nfit f or acti ve servi ce tha t, ,

to R o lla .As soo n as H unter l e f t, Pri ce occu pi ed S pr i ng

fie ldagai n, anda li ttl e l ate r mo vedno rthwardto O sc eo la .

The b attle o f B e lmont, whi chwas f o ught i n the ex treme

sou the aste rn co rne r o f the State , hadve ry li ttle si gni fi
ca nce o f any kind b u t l d th m i li t rdi n M i s
,
c ose e ary reco

so u ri f or th e year 1 86 1 The Co nf e d
. erates, u nd er G e n

e ral Polk h
,
a d occ upi e d Co l um b u s, K y, an d w i th
. th e ir

b atte ri e s co ntro lle d the navi gati on o f the M issi ssi p pi

ri ve r. To stre ngthe n the i r posi ti o n a Co nfe d e rate f o rce ,

under Ge neral Pillo w, occupi edthe o ppo si te b ank o f the

ri ve r i n M i sso uri Co l U S Grant w
. . . as se nt w
.
i th a
b ri ga de of Illinoi s tro o p s to d i slo dge the m A t first the .

F ede rals gai ne d so me advantage s, b u t the Co nfe de rate s

b e ing re inf o rce dG rant w as co mp e lle dto see k the pro te c

ti o n o f the gu ns o f hi s b o ats , andunde r the ir co ve r re

e mb a rlte dh i s me n andre tu rne dto Ca i ro .
72 C ON F ED E RA TE MI LITA R Y H I S TOR Y .

A t O sce o l a the re o rga n i zati o n of the State G uard i n to

the Co nfe de rate se rvi cewas be gun . The men , as a ge n

e ra l thi ng we re
,
l o th to mak e the
chan ge The y had .

be come attached to the State organ i zati on The y w e n t .

i n to i t a mo b and had be e n tran sforme d throughi t i n to

an army o f ve terans Wi tho ut arms o r un i forms or
.
, ,

te n ts or tran sp
,
ortati o n or e qu ipage o f any ki nd th
,
e
y ,

had made campai gn s fought battl e s andwon vi ctori es

, .

The y had n ever be e n de fea te d The y had supp li e d.

the mse l ves wi th what the y re q u i re d as so ldi ers fro m the

no thi ng the y we re no wan army wi thmusk e ts and b ay

,

o ne t s and cartri dge bo x es w i th fif ty p , i ece s o f artill ery

and arti ll er
y h orse s a n d a mm un i ti o n w i th te n ts a n d ,

transp ortati o n ,
and th ey h ad w on them all the mse l ves
o n the fie ld o f b attl e figh , ti n g al w ays agai nst o d d s Th ey .

had e nn o bl e d the name o f the o rganiz ati o n andmade i t

syno n ymo u s wi th vi ctory The y f e l t the yhadbee n mi s
.
~

j udge d andtre ate d coldly b y the Co n fe derate command

e rs w e st o f th e M i ssi ssi p pi who tho ughe ncampe d i n the
,

State wi thp l e n ty o f me n unde r the i r command hadsee n ,

the m lo se the fru i ts o f tw o camm ti gns —th at o f Wi lso n s

’

C re e k an d th a t o f L e xi n gt o n — wi tho ut marchi ng a ste p

o r firi n g a gu n to assi st the m The y hadgone i n rags.
,

marche d bare foo ted f e dthe mse l ves fro m the co rnfi e lds
,

b y the waysi d e and co n que re d —thank s to n e i ther M c

,

Cu lloch H ardee nor Pi ll o w

, Bu t the y w ere tru
. e to the

So u the rn cau se andw h

, e n Ge n e ral Pri ce ad vi se d th e m to

e nl i st i n th e Co nfed e rate a rmy th e y re sp o nde d f avo r

ab l y b u
, t wi thou t mu che n th usiasm .

O n the zdo f D e ce mbe r 1 86 1 Ge n e ral Pri ce i ssu

, , e d an

o rd er e stab li sh i n g a sep arate camp f or vo l u n te e rs i n the

Co n fe d e rate servi ce and ap , poi n ti n g o m cers to mu ster

the m i n . O n the ho f D e cembe r the Fi rst batte ry o f

a8t

arti ll e ry w as organ i ze d,
wi th Wi lli am Wad e , captai n
Samue l F arri n gto n, first li e u te n an t; Ri chard Wal sh ,

se co nd l i e utenant ; Luci e n M cD o well, su rgeo n ; and

 C ON F ED E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

J o hn '
O Banno n, chaplai n On the 3 0 th o f D ec e m b e r .

the Fi rst M i ssou ri cavalry w as organi wd , an d e le c te d

Eli j ah G ates, colone l ; R Chi le s, li eute nant co l o ne l ; .
-

R W Lawther, maj o r ; C W Pullins, adj utant ;

. . . .

J D ear, q
. uarte rmaster and commi ssary; W F S tark, . .

su rge o n; D Ka anau gh, chap lai n anuary i 6 th the

. v . J
Fi rst i nfantry was o rganize d , wi th ohn Q B urb ri dge , J .

co lo ne l ; E B Hu l l, li e utenant colo ne l ; R D
. .D wyer , -
. .

maj o r ; H M cCu ne q u .artermaster ; Willi am M Pri e st , .

,

commi ssary; J M F lani gan ad j utant; E H C Bai le y

. .
, . . .
,

su rge o n; J W Va u ghn assi stant surge on J S H o w

. .
, , . .

ard ch ap,lain It was afterward learned that Col J o hn

. .

8 Bo w
. en h ad organi ze d a re gi ment at M emp hi s whi ch ,

b y se ni ori ty w as e nti tl e d to rank as the First M i sso u ri

infantry andColone l B u , rb ri dg e s re g i m ent w as c han g ed

’

to the Second Late r on the same d a y th

. e Th i rd M i s , ,

so u ri inf antry w as organi ze d wi th B A Ri ves co lo ne l ; , . .

,

J . A Pr i tc h
. ard li e u te na nt co lo n e l ; F L H ub,
b e ll -
. .
,

maj or ; M Ray q uartermaste r and co mmi ssary The

.
,
.

same d a
y t h e S eco nd b a tte ry o f a rt i ll e ry w i th C h urc h i l l ,

Clark captai n was organi ze d These f orces f o rmed the

, , .

F i rst M issou ri b ri gad e w hi chwas placedu nd er the co m ,

mand o f B ri g Ge n H e nry Li ttle upto that ti me Ge n -

.
,

eral Pri ce s assi stant ad

'
j utant ge neral who was appoi nte d -
,

brigadi e r general b y the Ri chmond authori ti es to com

-

Schaumb o rg, assi stant ad j utant general ; Frank Vo n -

Phu l, ai de d e -camp ; W C K e nn-e rl y, or dn an ce o ce r ; . . m

J oh n S M ellon, co mmi ssary ;
. oh n B ri nke r, q uarte r J
master ; E H C Bailey, surge on; E B H ull, i nspecto r
. . . . .
.

I n the Pe a Ri d g e ca mp g
a i n the u nor g a n i ze d Co n f e dera te

b attali ons u nd e r the co mmand resp e cti ve ly o f Co lo ne ls

T H Ro sser, o hn T H ughe s, Eu e n e Erw i n J ame s J
. .
g , .

M cCo wn andR S B e i e r, wi th L andis b attery and '

. . v
so me o th e r force s, co nsti tu te dthe Se condM i sso u ri b ri

gade , u nde r command o f B ri g -Ge n Wi lli am Y Slack, . .

bu t af ter the d ea thof Ge ne ral Slack i t as merge di nto the w

74 C ON F ED E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

F i rst bri gad e The Seco nd M i ssou . ri ca valry w as o rgan .

i sedwi th R o bert M cCu lloch, Jr , l i eutenan t co l o ne l ; Co z .

-

ze n s, maj o r ; Ch arl es Qu arl e s, ad j u tan t; J ames Chan d l e r,

se rgean t maj or -
The Thi rd M i sso u ri cav alry w
. as o rgan

iz e d wi th D To dd Samu e ls, l i e u
'

. te n an t-co l o ne l ; T J .
,
.

M cQui lle y, maj o r ; W J Van Ki rk, quartermaste r . .

J . W ai te , su r g eo n G u i b o r
'
s ba tte ry w as o
. rga n i z e d w i th
H e n ry Q u i bo r, captai n ; M B ro w n, first li e ute n an t; .

W Co rkney, seco nd l i e ute n an t; J M cB ri de , thi rd l i e u

. .

te n an t; C H e ti e rman, fo urth li e u te n an t L an di s b at
’
. .

te ry was o rgan i ze d w
‘

i th J C Landi s, cap tai n; J M . . . .

L an gan , first l i e ute n an t; W W We ll e r, seco nd li e u te n . .

ant ; A H arri s, third li eute n an t

. .

Pri o r to the b attl e o f Pea R i dge the sta fi o fii cers o f

M aj Ge n Ste rli ng Pri ce w ere : Tho mas L Snea d,
.
~
. .

assi stan t ad j u tan t ge n e ral ; J ohn R ei d, co mmi ssary; -

J ames H ard i n g, quarte rmaste r ; R o be rt C Wo o d, ai d e .

de camp; R M M o rri so n , ai d e de ca mp; ClayTaylo r, ai de

-
. .
- -

de camp; T D Woo te n, me di ca l di re cto r ; M M Palle n ,

-
. . . .

su rgeo n Sub se que n tl y, ande ast o f the M i ssi ssi p

.
pi ri ve r .

the y w e re : L A M acl e an , assi stan t ad . j utan t ge ne ra l

.
-

J . M L o.u g h bo rou g h , ass i st a n t a d j u ta n t g e n er a l ; A M -

. .

Cl ark , i n sp e cto r ; T h o mas H Pri ce , o rdn an ce c fii ce r .

Cl ay Tayl or, chi e f o f arti ll e ry ; J M B ri n k er q u arte r . . ,

maste r ; E C Cabe ll, paymaste r ; T D Woo te n , sur

. . . .

g e o n ; W illi a m M M c P h ee t e rs , i n sp e ctor .
; J o h n R e i d,
co mmi ssary; R C Wo od, ai de -de -camp; R M Morri . . . .
~

so n, ai d e d e camp - -
.
 C H A PTE R VIII .

PR IC E FALLS B AC K TO AR KAN SA S A F FAIR AT SU GAR —

CAM P —
PRIC E AN D M cC U L LOC H D ISA G RE E — VAN
D O R N TA KES PER SO N A L C O MM AN D —TH E B ATTL E
O F PEA R ID G E—M CC U LL OC H A N D M cI N TO S H KI L L
—
ED VA N D O R N R E T R E A TS VAN D O RN S O PIN I O N
'
—
—
O F T H E MI SSO U R IAN S TH E AR M Y O F T H E WEST
O RD ERE D E AST O F T H E M ISS ISSIPPI G E N E RA L
PR IC E S AD D RESS TO H IS T R OO PS
’
.

EN E RA L PR I CE re mai n ed i n camp on the

O sage ri v e r near Osceo l a so me thi n g more than a
mo n th D u .ri n g thi s W e the te rm f o r w hi ch
man y o f the me n had enli ste d e xpi red, and so me re
tu rn e d to thei r h ome s, w h i l e o the rs re e nl i ste d Camp -
.

li fe was w eari so me , and there was no imme di ate pros

pect, as far as the me n co uld se e , o f a re s umpti o n of

ho sti l i ti es Pri ce was to o w e ak to tak e the o ff e n si ve wi th

.

any h op e o f su cce ss andth,

e Co nf e d e rate co mmande rs i n

Ark an sas sho we d no d i sposi ti o n to h e l ph im Ge neral .

M cCulloch, at hi s co mfo rtab l e w i n te r qu arte rs ne ar F ay

e tte vi lle , tu rn e d a d e af ear to h i s ap p e als Si n ce th e .

b attl e o f Wi l so n s Cree k n e arl y si x mo nths be fo re, no t a

'
,

Confe d erate so ldi er had rai se d a hand or fire d a gu n in

ai d o f th e M i sso u ri an s w ho at thi s ti me w ere le avi n g
,

thei r State organ i zati on, o f w hi ch the yw ere j u stl yp ro u d ,

and e nli sti n g i n the Co n federate se rvi ce M ccull och .

al o ne h ad men e n ou g h — we l l arme d, w e ll dri l led , we ll

di sci pli n e d ande ager f o r acti ve se rvi ce—to have be ate n
back, i n co n j un cti on wi th Pri ce , any fo rce that co uld
have bee n b rought agai n st them M cculloch was i m .

mo vab l e A re tro grade mo veme n t o uPri ce s part be came

.
’

i mp e rati v e .H e there fore fe ll back to Sp ri n gfie ld and

o ccu p i e d hi s o ld ca m p th ere B u.t hi s sta y w as sh o rt .

76 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

A bo ut the xst o f F e bruary, 1 86 2 , he rece i ve d i nf o rma

ti o n that the ne my w e re pre pari ng to ad vance upo n hi m
e

fro m Se dali a R o l ls and F ort Sco tt Ten days l a te r the

, .

co l u mn fro m K ansas unde r Ge n Samue l R Curti s

, . .
,

made i ts app e aran ce o n th e B o li var road and th ou gh , ,

ch e cke d f or a ti me b y o u tp osts ste adi l y force d i ts w , ay .

The n ex t d ay th e army 8 o o o me n and5 : p

, , i ece s o f arti l
l e ry wi th a w ago n trai n b i g eno ugh f o r an army fo ur
,

ti mes as l arge w as on th
,
e ro a d to Cassvi ll e Co l one l .

G ates wi th hi s re gi ment ke p t the e n e my i n chec k w hi l e

Spri ngfie ld was b e i n g e vacu ate d The three co l u mns o f
.

the e n e my w ere no wu ni ted and Pri ce co mme n ce d hi s

,

re tre at to A rk an sas i n earnest The Fi rst bri gad e o f

’

M i sso u ri Co nfe d erates was gi ve n the rear and p er ,

fo rmed i ts d uty o f al tern atel y hal ti n g and formi n g i n

l i n e to che ck the e n e my s advan ce andthe n closi ng up
’

o n the mai n bo d y i n a so ldi e rl y mann e r

, The we athe r .
,

whi ch had bee n pl e asan t turn e d sudde nly co ld wi tha , ,

b iting wi nd and the ai r full of i cy sl ee t andthe me n , ,

who we re k e pt o n the al e rt day and ni ght suff e re d , .

se ve re l y A t D ug Sp
. ri n gs the ca v al ry o f th e e n emy b e

came o b tr u si v e andw e re se n t re e li n g back to th

,
e rear i n

sh o rt o rde r A t Crane Cree k j u

. st at n i gh t a ge n eral
, ,

e n gage me n t se e me d i mmi n e n t and e ve ry man and h ,

at

te ry w as p lace d i n posi ti o n ; b ut after so me he avy ski r

mi shi n g the e ne my wi thdre w and w ai te d f o r morn i n g .

The rear gu ard re mai n e d i n p o si ti o n unti l mi dni ght the ,

mai n co l umn havi n g pushe d o n to an ti ci p ate a h ea vy

fo rce o f K an san s unde r Ge n e ral Lan e who we re fo rced ,

.

marchi n g to re ach Cassvi ll e be fo re Pri ce di d B ut at .

k h h e i sth Pri ce s co l u m h d
'
9 o cl oc a t n i g t o f t n ,
reac e
’
.

the re w e ary co ld hu
, ,
n gry andwe t havi n g crosse d Flat
, ,

Cree k se ve n tee n ti mes d u ri n g th e d a

y Pr i ce no w h a d .

e v e rythi n g be hi nd h i m wi th his fro n t andflan k s cl ear

, .

A t Sug ar C re e k the re was heavy ski rmi shi ng f o r se v e ral

ho urs i n whi ch the F i rst bri gade and Cl ark s andM ac

,
’

do n ald '
s batte ri e s mad e it so un comfo rtabl e f o r the
 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

e ne my that the y wi thdre wwi thco nsi de rab le loss and i n

so me co nf u si o n .

O n the i 7 th ab o ut no o clock at ni ght the co m

’

, ,

ma nd re ache d Cross H o llo ws Ark a stro ng de f e nsi ve , .

,

posi ti on whe re i t camped i n line o f b attle co ld a nd

, ,

wi tho ut pro vi si ons A t thi s poi nt Ge neral s Pri ce and

.

M cc ulloch me t andhada co nfe re nce the re su lt o f whi ch ,

was that af te r re mai ni ng the re one day the co mmand

mo ve d to Co ve Cree k i n the de pths of the Bos to n ,

mo untai ns where i t awai ted the de velopments o f the

,

future . At Co ve Creek se ve ral A rkansas re gi me nts

j o i ne d the M i ssouri ans and they fraternize d f o r the re ,

was always the b est o f fee li ng b e tween the troo ps o f the

tw o State s Ge n Alb e rt Pi ke also came w
. . i th a b ody o f
Ind i a ns who p
, ossessed the vi ces of the i r ci vi lize d co n

que rors andthei r unci vi lizedance stors andthe vi rtue s o f

ne i the r As so ld
. i ers the y were wo rthless b u t i t ma y ,

no t have b een e nti rel y the i r f au lt G ene ral Pi ke was .

not the ki nd o f commande r to d e ve lopa ve ry h i ghorde r

o f so ld i ershi pi n any o d y o f re cru i b
ts, a nd l eas t o f a ll i n
a b od y o f half ci vi li zedInd
- i ans .

When Pri ce and Mc ulloch me t, the i r olddi fie re nce s

c
we re re vi ved, and pre ve nte d any cordi al co O pe rati o n -

b e tw een th em The mai n cau difi ere nce e re w

'

. ses o f
those o f rank and p re ced e nce Pri ce was a maj or ge n
.
- e

e ral i n the M issou ri State G u ard , an dM c ullochwas a c

b ri gad i e r general i n the pro vi si onal army o f the Conf e d
~

Sta te s A t Wi lso n s C ree k, Pri ce and Pearce

’
e rate .

w ai ve d the i r rank and ga e M c u v

lloch co mmando f the c
uni te darmy—the A rkansas andM i ssouri Sta te troo ps as
we ll as the Co nf ede rate troo ps B ut thi s concessi o n di d .

no t se e m to sati sfy hi m, f o r whe n the Federals were de

f ea te d he re f u se d to make p ursui t o r i n any way assi st
Pri ce in the p e rilou s p o si ti o n he occu pi ed E v e n t s si nce .

the b a ttl e o f Wi lso n s C ree k hadno t te nd edto gi e e i the r v

’

o f the m a e tter o p b
i ni o n of the othe r I n the sh i f ti ng .

s ce ne s o f w ar th ey e re agai n th wro w n to g e th er ,
u n d e r
78 C ON FE D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

co ndi ti o n s tha t re qui re d agree me n t andco n ce rt o f acti o n ,

andth e y co u ld no t agre e nor act to ge the r .

Pri ce there fo re w ro te to Ge n E arl Van D o rn com

, , .
,
~

mander o f the Tran s Mi ssi ssi ppi d epa rtme n t w hose -

,

he ad quarte rs we re at Pocaho n tas i n the no rthe aste rn ,

f A k an sas l ai d th m atte r be fo re h i m i n fu ll and

p ar t o r e , ,

su g g e s te d th at he se tt l e all d i ff e re n ces b y taki n g p e r so n a l

co mma nd o f hi s and M cC u lloch s fo rce s and a ttacki n g
'
,

the e ne my Pri ce s vi e ws i mp re sse d Van D o rn favo r

’
.

abl y and h
,
e starte d a t o n ce f o r th e sce n e o f acti o n and ,

mad e the ri d e across the State i n five days H e spe n t a .

day wi th Pri ce andano ther wi th M cC ulloch wi ththe re ,

su l t tha t b e d e termi ned to mo ve earl y on the mo rn ing o f

the fo u rth d ay M arch4th find th ,
e e n emy andgi ve hi m
,

battl e H is army was di vi de d i n to two corps co m

.
,

mande d respe cti ve l y b y McC ulloch andPri ce aggre gat ,

i ng abo u t me n The combi n e d fo rce o f Curti s

.

andSi ge l co mp ri se d abo u t
s w as co mp ose d o f th e Fi rst M i sso u
'
Pri ce s co rp ri Co n

fe derate bri gade unde r Ge n eral Li ttl e co nsi sti n g o f

, ,

three re gi me n ts o f i nf an try o ne o f ca val ry, andtw ,o b at

te ri e s i n all abo u
, t me n; the Se co nd Mi sso uri Co n
fe de rate bri gade unde r Ge neral Sl ack co nsi sting o f
, ,

abou t 7 00 Co nfe d erate s and3 5 0 State Guard me n; Ge n

eral R ai n s d i vi si o n o f th e State Gu ard n u mbe ri ng r z00
’

, , ,

Ge n eral Ste e n s 600 Ge n E W Pri ce s 5 00 Ge n e ral

’ '
. . .
, ,

M cB ri de s 3 0 0 —mak i ng the M i sso uri fo rce abo ut

’

ran k and file General Gre e n s d i vi si o n n early

’
.
,

stro ng w ,
as l e ft to gu ard th e trai n and sto ck M cCul .

l och s co rps was co mpo se d o f e l e ve n Co n fe de rate re gi

’

me n ts o ne o f whi ch was unarme d and Pi ke s Indi an s

,
'
, ,

who m no one pro b abl y e ve r unde rtoo k to co unt The .

me n had be e n o rdere d to pre pare five day rati o n s and -

,

we re i n buoyan t spi ri ts The y marchedwi ththe i r gun s .

l oa de d no t kno wi n g at what mome n t the y mi ght me e t

,

the e n emy .

T he e n e my occup i e d three se p ara te cam s

p the mai n ,
 C ON F ED ER A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 79

bo dy un der Curti s be i n g at E l khorn Tave rn . Van

D o rn
'
de si gn was to thro w
s mo ve
hi s force , b y a rapi d
me nt be twee n Si gel who was at F aye tte vi ll e andCu
, ,
rti s , .

To d o th i s he hadto re achB e n to n vill e be fore Si ge l d id .

B ut Si ge l was to o fast for hi m Whe n Van D o rn s co l '

.

umn d e bo uche d from the moun tai n s thre e mi le s fro m ,

Be n to n vill e Si ge l s co l u
,
'
mn could b e see n e nteri n g the
to wn . M cIntosh and his mo un te d men we re o rd e re d to
ge t i n S i g e l s fr
’
o n t a n d d e l a y h i m b u t M c,I n tos h i n ste a d ,

o f attemp ti n g to check h i m attacke d and he andhi s

, ,

men—wi ld me n o n wi lder ho rses—were Spe e di l y di s

p e rse d b y Si g e l '
s i n f an try an d a r ti ll e ry T h e M i sso u.ri
ans tri ed th e same e xp eri me n t and also fai l e d b u t in ,

fii cte d co n si de rab l e damage and cap tu re d a n u mbe r o f

p ri so n e rs V
. a n D o r n p u s he d on in p u rsu i t b u t ,

b e fore n i ght Si ge l had fo rmed a j u n cti o n wi th Curti s ,

andthe F e d erals w e re co n ce n trate d a t Elkh or n Ta ve rn .

Van D o rn mo v ed upto wi thi n al most cannon ran ge o f

th e e n e my and camp e d f o r th e n i gh t Bu t du ri n g th
. e

ni ght he l earned o f an oldro ad b y fo ll o wi ng whi chand ,

maki n g a d etour o f e i ght mi l e s he could ge t in Curti s -

’

re ar ,
and h e de termi n e d to mak e th e mo ve me n t wi th

Pri ce s corp The road was ro u h n d h d be en o h

’
s .
g a a

stru cte d b y th e e n e my b u t b y e i ght o cl oc k the n ex t

’

morni n g he reache d the mai n road— the only one b y

whi ch Curti s co uld re ti re n orthward B y ten o cl ock .
'

Pri ce haddri ve n i n all the outl yi n g force s o f the ene my ,

andw as p rep are d to op e n th e b attl e The e n emy was

.

su rro u nded—the larger force b y the small e r Pri ce s .

’

ord er o f b attl e w as : Sl ack s bri gade wi th 3 5 0 o f the

’

State Gu ard anda batte ry w as p

, o ste d on a ri d ge o n the

ri gh t ; Li ttle s bri gade wi th a batte ry was i n re se rv e

'
,

whi l e the l e ft was he ld b y the troops o f the Seco nd ,

Fi fth Se v enthand E i ghth d

,
i vi si on s o f the State Gu ard

and a n u mber o f unattache d b atte ri es Ge n D M . . . .

Frost was assi gn e d to the command o f Ge n e ral M cB ri d

'
e s

di visi on b ut he declined so small a co mmand and

, ,
80 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

watched the b attle from a conveni ent he i ght Col . .

C o lto n G reene and Maj ames R . JShaler co mma nded .

the troo p s o f th e di visi on i n the b attl e .

Pri ce w as stro ng i n arti l le ry, and th e attl e ope ne d b

wi ththe fire o f f o rty oddpi eces i npo si ti onalo ng his l e f t .

The guns o f the enemy p romp tly re p lie d, an d there was

a conti nu ous fire b e tw een th em f or th ree h ou rs or m o re .

A t the same ti me , the State Gu ardf orce s w e re f re que ntl y

e ngage d i n d e tach e d attacks, th ei r arti llery firi ng o ve r

the m, and w ere ste ad i ly pre ssi ng the e nemy b ack On .

the ri ght R osser met a ca alry ch v

arge andre p ulse d i t,
cap turi ng one p i ece o f a b attery w hi ch hadb ee n p us hed
f o rward to sup po rt the charge B urbri dge s regi m e nt
'
.

c ha rge d a b attery and f o u nd i t stro ngly sup po rte db y

thre e re gi ments Though u
. nab le to cap tu re i t, Bu r

b ri d ge he ldhi s grou ndunti l R i ves re gi me nt ca me to his

’

assi stance , whe n b o th the b atte ry andi ts suppo rt re ti re d

preci pi ta te l y Ab o ut thre e o clock Ge neral Pri ce
’
.

ch a nged h i s tacti cs andord eredan ad vance The F i rst .

b ri gade was b ro u ght to the front and the w hole l i ne

c lo se d u p f or a uni ted charge o n the ene my s ce nte r
'
.

B e fore this Cu rtis find ing i t imp

, ossi b le to dri ve the
C onfe d erates, h ad b e gu n to mane uve r w i th hi s gre a te r
f orce to tu rn th e ir flan ks The fl . anki ng mo ve ments we re

ch ecked and th
, e e nemy d ri ven back b y th e Fi rs t a nd

Se co nd bri gades the one o n the l e f t and the o the r o n

,

th e ri gh t andthe charge o f the w

, ho le li ne whi chfo llo we d
dro ve the ene my s li ne b ack a mi le b e yond E lkho rn
'

T avern making the gro u

, ndl ost b ythem si nce the b e gi n
ni ng o f the fight nearly tw o miles In the charge the .

tro o p s o f th e State G u ard d i d the hard est fighti ng .

The y had to cross a large corn fie ld sw ep t b y the a rti l,

le ry o f the e ne my w hi le the F e de ral i nf antry hada g re a t

,

ad vanta ge from the i r p

.
o si ti on i n the ed ge o f the ti mbe r .

The G uard ne ve r f alte red b u t crossed the fieldw

, i th a
ru sh and sw ep t the F ed erals i nfantry and arti ll e ry
, ,

b ackwardb e f o re the m Inthi s e ngage ment the batte ri e s

.
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TO R Y . 81

di d e fi ec ti ve ser vi ce particularly tho se co mmande d b y

‘

B ledso e Q u i b o r Wade M ac D o naldandClark

, , , G e ne ra l .

V an D o rn made hi s head quarte rs o n the ni ght o f the fi rs t

day s fight at Elkhorn Tave rn where Curti s hadmade
’

hi s headq uarters the ni ght b e f ore Pri ce hadb e e n e n .

ti re ly su cce ssfu l in the attack he had made from the

no rth; had d ri ve n th e e ne my at e ve ry p o i nt and ad ,

vance dhi s ow n li nes a mile anda half or tw o miles .

B ut i n th e atta ck from th e so u th w here M ccull och ,

command ed o ne d i saste r fo llo wed ano the r i n rapi dsuc

,

ce ssi o n McCulloch who was confronted b y Si ge l

.
, ,

a ttack ed as so o n as he he ardth ort o f Pri ce s g u

'
e re p ns
and dro ve Si ge l f ro m h i s first p osi ti on H i s seco nd .

a ttack w as also su ccessfu l as was a cavalry charge b y ,

M cInto sh who capturedthre e p

, i eces o f artille ry B ut i n .

reco nnoi teri ng th e e ne my s p

'
osi ti o n M ccu llochadvance d ,

to o f ar andw as sh o t andi nstantly ki lled M cIntosh i n .

,

chargi ng w i th an A rkansas regi me nt to b ri ng 0 6 hi s

b o dy was al so sho t andi nstantly killed Thi s le f t Co l
, .

o nel H eb ert in co mmand and h e w as re p orte d ki l le d

, ,

bu t was a p ri so ne r and afte rw ard mad e h i s escap e .

G e ne ral Pi ke u p o n w h o m, th e co m m a nd p pro e r l y de

vo l ve d af te r M cIntosh s d eath d i dno t make an e ff o rt a t

’
,

that ti me o r any o ther to rally the men resto re co n ,

fide nce andco ntinue the fight The re was a stro ng f o rce .

i n re se rve b ut the re was no o ne to gi ve an ord

,
e r to

bri ng i t to the fro nt andi t re mai ned i nacti ve Besides

,
.

thi s b ad co nd i ti o n o f thi ngs the ammu ni ti on trai n had,

b e e n o rd e re d to B ento nvi lle fif tee n mile s d i stant and

, ,

the enemy w ere be tw ee n i t andth e co mmand .

I n vi e wo f thi s co nd i ti on o f afi ai rs Ge ne ral Van D o rn ,

de termi ned to wi thdraw Ge neral Pri ce was i n f avor o f .

fi ghti ng i t o ut b ut was o ve rr u , le d The ne xt mo rni ng .

Pri ce s co mb i ne d arti ll e ry sup d b h F i t and

p
’
o r te y t e ,
rs

Se co nd M i sso u ri Co nf e d e rate b ri gad es o p e ne d o n the ,

e nem f u i u fi n d un d v f th i s th e o the r
y a r o s re a er ,
co e r o ,

troo ps w e re w i thd rawn B ut w he n C u . rti s f o u nd the

l o 6
82 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

a ttac k hi m fro m the so uth hadfai l e d, he masse d his

on

who l e fo rce to crush Pri ce T he attack was furi o us, b ut

.

the artill e ry and the tw o supp n g b ri gades he ld the i r

o r ti
ow n wi th un fl i n ch i n g re so l uti o n The e ngage me nt .

laste d tw o h ours T he arti ll e ry was grad u

. a ll y wi th

d ra wn andi n firi n g hi s l ast sho t yo ung Churchi l l Cl ark

.

was ki ll e d The e n e mydi dno t atte mpt to make pursui t

. .

I nde e d , the Co nfed e rate s and th e M i sso u ri Sta te troo p s

di d no t kn o w they w e re re treati n g They tho ught the y .

w ere maki n g a mo veme nt to he l pM cCullochs wi ng, and ’

full y e xpe cte d to b e e n gage d agai n i n a fe who u rs Whe n .

the y fo u nd the b attl e was e nde d and l ost, they we re i n

the sav agest o f moo ds andalmost mu ti n o us i n th e i r cri ti

ci sms o f th e i r co mmand e rs The Co n fe de rate l oss was

.

a bo ut zo o ki lle d andson wounde d andmi ssi ng Amo n g .

the k i ll e d w ere Ge n e ral M cC u lloch and Ge ne ral M cln o

tosh bo tho f w hom w e re ga llan t so l d

,
i ers andthe i r de ath ,

si n cere l y mo u rn e d b y th e so ld i e rs o f bo th cor s
p a n d ,

y o u n g C a pt C h urchi ll C l
. a rk h ar dl y m o re th
, an a b o y i n

y e ars ,
b ut w h o h ad f ou gh t i n a d o ze n ba ttl es and a l w a ys

wi th gre at dash and co urage A mo n g the mo rta lly .

wo und e d were Ge n Wi ll i am Y Sl ack co mmande r o f the

. .
,

Se cond M i sso u ri Co n fed erate b ri gad e and Co l B A , . . .

Ri ves command er o f the Thi rd M i sso u

, ri Co n fe de rate

i n fan try Ge n e ral Slack was d e spe ratel y w o u

. nde d at
Wilso n s Cree k andwas j ust reco vere d from the wound
’
,

whe n he was struck b y a b all i n almost e xactl y the same

l n d di e d a f e w days a fterw ard H e w f
p a ce ,
a as o a .

si n gul arly pure d arde n t n ature H e l e ft andsacri

an .

fice da co mp e te n ce anda fi ne p ro fessi o na l prac ti ce in hi s

d e vo ti o n to the cause o f So uthern ri ghts H e se rve d i n .

the M e x i ca n w ar u nde r Ge ne ral Pri ce and whe n M i s ,

so u ri call ed f o r so ldi e rs he l e ft hi s ho me andf ami l y and

all h e h ad wi th ou t a day s d e l ay i n re sp o nse to the ca ll
’
.
, ,

Si mpl e andun oste n tati o us i n hi s l if e andmann e rs he was ,

the so ldi e r s fri e nd and the so ldi e rs to a man we re hi s

’

fri e nds Co l o ne l Ri ves was an acco mpl i she d gen tl e man

.
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 88

an d a bo rn so ldi er H e kn e w n o thing o f arms at the

.

be gi nn i n g o f the war b ut i n much l ess than a ye ar s

,
’

ti me had fo u ght hi s w ay to th e co mmand o f as go o d a

re gi ment as there w as i n th e servi ce H is un ti me l y

.

dea th cut sho rt a bri ll i an t career H e was succe e de d i n.

the co mmand o f the re gi me n t b y Co l J ame s A Pri tchard . . .

T he F e d e ral l o ss was 3 00 ki ll e d Go o w o u ,
nd ed and3 0 0
pri so n e rs The tro phi e s o f the b attl e we re wi th the
.

Co n fede rate s . The y b ro u ght o ff fo u r p i e ces o f arti ll e ry ,

se v eral b a ttle fl ags fo u,

r l o ad e d b aggage w ago n s and 3 00

p r i so n e rs
. T h e y d i d n o t l o se a g u n o r a w a g o n I n .

fact the Fe de ral co mmand e r fo und hi mse l f so badl y

,

cri p pl e d th at he a b a nd o n e d th e p la n o f m a k i n g a c a m
ai gn i n to A rk an sas and occu p i n h p i n f h
p y g t e o rt o o t e

Sta te n o rth o f the A rkan sas ri ver and fe ll b ack i n to ,

Mi sso uri more l ike a be ate n than a vi ctori o us ge ne ral .

O f the p a rt tak e n b y th e Mi sso u ri an s in th e battl e Ge n ,

eral Van D orn sai d i n a co mmu , ni cati o n to the go v ern

me n t at R i chmo nd : D uri n g the who l e o f thi s engage
“

me n t I was wi ththe M i sso uri an s und e r Pri ce andI have

, ,

n e ver se e n be tte r fighte rs than these M i ssouri tro ops or ,

more gallan t l e ade rs tha n Gene ral Pri ce andhi s o ffi ce rs .

Fro m the first to the l ast sho t they co n ti nu ,

all y ru sh ed

on andn eve r yi e ld edan i n ch they h ad w o n; and whe n

a t last th e y re ce i v e d o rd e rs to fall b ack th ,

e y re ti re d

ste adi l y and with chee rs . Ge n e ral Pri ce rece i ve d a

se v ere w o u nd in the acti o n b ut w o uld n ei ther re ti re fro m
,

the fie ld no r ce ase to e x p o se h i s l i fe to dan ger .

Ge n e ral Va n D orn retre ate d across the B o sto n mo unt

ai ns and w e n t i n to campne ar Van B u ren A rk , pre par ,

s to ry to mo vi n g h i s co mmand acro ss the M i ssi ssi p p to

i
the su pp o rt o f G e n e r al B e au re gard at Co ri n th
,
G.e n eral

M arti n E G ree n who had re ce i ved hi s co mmi ssi o n as a

.
,

g e n e ra l o m ce r fro m R i ch m o nd w
,
a s as s i g n e d to th e co m
mand o f the Se co nd M i sso uri Co n fe d e rate bri gad e The .

de tache d Co nf e derate o rgan i zati o ns w e re co n so l i date d

i n to b attal i o n s co mmand e d re sp ec ti v e l y b y L i eu te nan t
84 C ON F ED E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

Colo ne ls Irw i n, Ro sse r and H u ghes .The State G uard

o rgani zati ons that w e re w illi ng to fo ll o w Ge ne ral Pri ce
we re formedi nto a b ri gade , co mmandedby Ge ne ral Par
so ns Th
. ose w ho re mai ne dwest o f the ri ve r w e re assi g ned
to the co mmando f G e neral R ai ns . The army rema i ned
i n campne ar Van B u re n f or ab ou t ten d ay s, and th en

marche dacross the State to D es A rc A t thi s po i nt G en

.

e ral Pri ce i ssu eda sti rri ng ad dress to th e sold i ers o f the
S tate G u ard ,
i n whi ch he i nf ormedthe m that he was no
lo nge r the i r command er b u t hadresi gne dh i s co mm i ssion
i n the servi ce o f the State to e nter the Co nf ed erate a rmy,

a ndcalled u o n th
p em to f o llo w h i m i n t h e s ervi ce o f th e

Co nfe de ra cy, as the y had i n upho ld i ng the same c a u se

f o l lo we dhim i n the se rvi ce o f the State , and i n co nclu
si o n sai d : Le t no t hi storyreco rdthat the me nwho b ore
wi th pati ence the pri vati o ns o f Cowski n prai ri e , who
e nd ured unco mpla i ni ngly the burning heats o f a Mi s
so u ri su mmer and the frosts and sno ws o f a M i ssouri
wi nter ; that the me nwho me t the ene my at Carthag e , at
Wi lso n s Cre ek, at F o rt Sco tt, at Le x ingto n, ando n num
'

b e rle ss battle fie l d s i n M isso u ri , and me t the m b ut to

co nq uer them ; that the men who fo ught so brave l y and
so w e ll at E lkh orn; th at the u np ai d so ld i e rs o f M i sso u ri
were , after so many vi ctori es, andaf te r so much sufler
i ng, u neq ual to the gre at task o f achi e ving the i nde pe nd
e nce o f th e i r magnificent State . So ld i e rs, I go b ut to
make a pathway to o ur home s ! F o llo wme !
 C H A PT ER IX .

TH E M I SSOUR I TR OO PS AT CORIN TH —R E O R G A N I Z A
T I O N CO N TIN UE D —T HE FI RST MI SSO U R I I N FA N T R Y
—AF FAIR AT FAR M IN GTO N —B EA U RE GAR D E V A C U
—
AT ES CO RI NTH PR IC E IN CO MM AN D IN N O R T H E R N
MISSISSI PPI —F I G H TI N G AT I U KA—VAN D O R N A N D
PR IC E ATTA CK CO RIN TH —PRI CE SU CC ESS F U L V A N —
D O RN FA IL S—TH E M I SSO URI AN S C O M PLI M E N T E D
—TH E R ETREAT—B O WEN S STU B B O R N F I G H T I N G ’

—PR ICE F IN D S A WAY O U T .

E M isso uri troo ps reac e h d Cor i nth, M i ss ,

the
n tho f April nda f e wd, a ys af ter w
r 86 z, a ere plac e d
i n camp at Ri e nzi, twe lve mi l es so uth o f Co ri nth .

H ere the w o rk o f reo rgani zati o n fro m the State i nto the

Co nf e derate servi ce p roce eded Pri ce s co mmandwas the

'
.

Se co nd di vi si o n o f the Se co nd co rps o f the army o f the

West Ge ne ral Li ttle re ce i ve d hi s co mmi ssi o n as b ri g
.

a di er gene ral and the o rgani zati o n o f hi s b ri gade was

-
,

comp Ge ne ral G ree n s b ri gade the Seco nd was i n

'
le te .
, ,

p ro ce ss o f co m l
pe ti o n B u rb ri dge
. s re gi m e nt was th e ’

Se co nd i nf antry Pri tchards the Thi rd M cF arlands the

' ’

, ,

F ou rth M cC o w n s the F i f th, andI rwi n s the Sixth C o l

’ '
.
,

J ohn S Bo wen s re gi me nt whi ch was organi ze d a t

.
'
,
.

M e mphi s so me ti me b e fo re andwas co mp o se dlarge l y O f

me n su rrend e re d a t Ca mp J ackso n b y F rost was the ,

F i rst as i t was orga ni ze d b e f o re any o f the regi me nts

,

f ro m Pri ce s co mmand andb y vi rtue o f i ts se ni ori ty was

’
,

e nti tl e d to th e first p lace as a M i sso uri Confede rate o r

g ani z ati o n .

T he regiment had alread y mad e a r p

e utati o n I t wa s .

o rgani ze d o ri i nall
g y wi th o hn S B o w J
e n, co lo nel ; L L .
.

R i ch, li eutenant co lo ne l ; C C Camp

- b e ll, maj or ; Lo ui e .

W
.

ta nt ; Care y N H a w
H K e nnerly, adj u u eon i l
. e s, s r g ; .
as C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

li am F H o we ll s, . d J ames Q ui nlan quarte rmaste r , an ,

co mmi ssary B ut o n the e sth o f . D ecembe r Co l o n e l ,

B o we n w as ap p o i n te d bri ga d i e r ge n e ral an dthe re gi me n t -

,

was reo rgani ze d wi th Li e ute n an t Co lo ne l R i ch co lo ne l -

,

A C Ri l e y li e u
. . te n an t co l o n e l ; W C P Carringto n ad
,
-
. . .
,

j utan t; Wi ll i am M cArthur quarte rmaster ; J o se phPri tch ,

ard co mmi ssary and w as p l ace d in Ge n e ral Bo we n s ’

, ,

bri gad e o f Ge n J o hn C B re cki n ri dge s d i vi si o n I t

'
. . .

fo ught unde r B reck i nri dge at Shi l oh and was i n the ,

ho tte st o f the fight fro m e arly i n the mo rni n g un ti l after

n i ght The seco nd day o f the b attl e a co mpan y o f the
.

Washi n gto n arti ll e ry was charge d and l ost i ts gun s ; b ut

o nl y te mp o rari l y—the M i sso u ri an s mad e a co u n te rcharge
andre too k th em The re gi me n t we n t i n to the fight
.

stro n g and l o st 2 3 3 ki ll e d and w o u

,
nde d Amon g the .

ki ll e d w ere Co lo ne l Ri ch and Captai n Sprague and ,

amo n g th e wo u nde d Li e ute n an ts K e nn erly B oyce and , ,

Carri n gto n A gai n i t w as reo rga ni ze d

. w i th Ri l e y,
co l o n e l ; Hu gh A G arland , li e ute nan t co l o ne l , and
.
-

R o be rt J D u fi e y, maj or It was wi th B re cki nri d ge at

. .

B ato n R o u g e , a n d add e d to the re pu ta ti o n i t hadbe fore

ach i e ved A mong the chan ges mad e i n the o rgani zati o n
.

o f the re gi me n ts alre ady o rgani ze d, F ran k M Co ckre ll .

was made li e ute n an t co lo ne l o f the Se co nd i n fan try, and -

W R G auss , li e ute n an t co l o ne l o f the T hi rd B e fo re

. .
-
.

le avi ng D e s Are the caval ry re gi me n ts w ere d i smo un ted

andth ei r ho rse s se n t to Te xas to graze The ho rses b e .

l o nge d to the me n, who as a ge n eral thi ng n e ve r heard

of the m af te r w ard .

O n the 6 th o f M ay the co mma nd too k i ts pl ace i n the

l i n e o f de fe n se s aro und Co ri n th Ge n e ral H all eck, who .

hadsuccee de d to the co mmand o f the F e de ral army afte r

the battl e was mo vi ng o n the pl ace b y a slo w
of Shi l oh,
syste m o f p a rall e l a pproaches H i s e fi e cti ve fo rce was .

esti ma te d at andth at o f G e n eral B ea ure gard who ,

commande d the Co n fe de rate s as sli ghtl y mo re than hal f ,

that n umbe r Two d ays afte r Pri ce s co mmand to o k po

.
’
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I STOR Y .

si ti on two di visi o ns
F ederals under Ge n o hn Pe pe
of . J
occu pi e d F arm i ngto n, a nd G e ner al B e aure gardmade a n
atte mp t to captu re th em Ge ne ral H ard ee w.as to a ttac k

the i r ce nte r an B ragg thei r le f t wi ng, andho ld

dGe ne ral
them u nti l Ge nerals Van D ora and Pri ce co u ld m o ve
aro und the i r le f t andge t i n the i r rear Ge ne ral H arde e .

was too e age r o r the F ederal co mma nder too ti m i d, fo r

b e fore Van D o ra and Pri ce , who had to cro ss a he a vy

sw am , go t i n
p po si ti o n, Po pe b eca me alarme d a nd t e
tre ate d, lea vi ng b e hi ndhi m hi s te nt andso me o f hi s m i l
i tary acco ute rme nts Pri ce s so ldi ers o nly go t a fl
'
.
yi ng
sho t a t th e e ne my as th d h ai r w d
'

e
y esca p e T e afi as e .

scri b e dbyGe ne ral Po p e i n o ne o f h is di spatch e s, as a

hardfight a nda gre at vi cto ry, andhas b e e n the pri nci pa l

stock i n trad e o f Ge n oh n M Palme r, who was pre se nt
. J .

as a su b o rd m
i nate o ce r, e ve r since .

Cori nth i s si tu ated i n a lo w,

fiat, m ar s hy co un tr y,
a nd

General Be au re gards co mmand su ff e re d se ve re ly fro m

'

si ckne ss The b ad d
. rin ki ng wate r andthe co nstant e x
s

p u
o s re to wh i ch th e m e n w e r e s ubj e cte d w ere m o re ,

deadly than the guns o f the e ne my G e ne ra l Beaure gard . .

having he ld the place as long as was ne cessary f o r m i l

i tary pu rp ose s, d e te rmi ned la te i n M ay to e vacu ate i t ,

whi ch he di d so succe ssfully that he di dno t leave a gun

no r a wagon b e hi nd andso q ui e tly that the e nemydi dno t
,

kno wo f h is dep artu re u nti l he was e nti re l y b e yondthei r

reach In p
. oi nt o f fact th e e ne my O p e ne da h e a vy fi re

on th e wo rks th e day af ter he le f t supposi ng he ,

was sti ll there The M i sso uri troo ps heldthe rear o f the
.

was no pursui t .

w
Pri ce s command e nt i nto campa t B ald
'
wi n, une rst. J
re mai ned th e re a w ee k and the n mo ve d to Pri cevi l le .

where they staye d a mo nth, andthe n mo ve dto Tupe lo

andfinally, o n th e 3 9tho f uly, to Sa lti llo F ro m Tupe lo
J .

what remai nedo f the State Guardle f t f or the Trans M i ? -

d artme nt, u nd er co mmando f n l P n

si ssi i G s
pp e p e e ra arso .
88 C ON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

A bo u t the same ti me Co l J o hn T H u g hes ,

a pp ed
.o i n t .

b ri gadi e r ge ne ra l, le ft f o r M i sso uri o n re crui ti n g se rvi ce .

A t Pri ce vi ll e Co l o n e l B u rb ri d ge re si gn e d the co mman d

o f th e Se co nd i n fan try, and F M Cockre ll be came . .

l n el
co o of the D wye r li e ute n an t
re gi ment wi thR
, . D .

andP S
co l o n e l Se ntene y maj o r
. A t Tup
. e l o Ge n e ral .

Pri ce s di vi si on was re vi e w e d b y Ge nerals H ard ee and

’

B ragg, and the me n co mpl i me n te d o n the ir so ldi erl y

be ari n g andthe reco rd the y hadmad e o n the fie ld .

Whe n Ge n eral Be aure gard e vacuate d Co ri n th Ge n e ral

H all e ck d i dno t fo ll o w hi m andgrad u all y the difi ere nt ,

co mmands th at h ad co nsti tu te d hi s army w ere se n t to

h fie ld s o f O p
o t er e rati o n . I n Augu st Ge ne ral B e aure ga rd

was si ck at B lade n Spri n gs, Ge n erals Po l k andH ard ee

were Ope rati n g unde r Ge neral fro m Chatta n oo ga B ragg

as a ce n ter G ene ral Van D o rn h
, adbee n gi ve n a de p a rt

ment emb raci ng V i cksburg and B ato n R ouge Ge ne ra l ,

B recki nri dge had be en se n t to rei n force hi m andGe n ,

eral Pri ce w as l e ft i n co mmand i n n o rth e rn M i ssi ssi ppi .

H i s o rde rs w ere to w atch the Fed era l army at Co ri n th

unde r Gran t to oppose hi m i n any mo ve me n t he might

,

make do wn the M i ssi ssi ppi andi f he atte mpte d to j oi n ,

B ue ll i n T e nn essee to hi nd e r hi m andmo ve hi s o w n f orce

upandj o i n B ragg Pri ce andVan D o rn eachco mmande d
.

a co rp s o f tw o di vi si o n s The y w ere bo thi n the State

.

of M i ssi ssi ppi a n d w ere i nd e pe nde n t o f each o the r

m
, ,

tho u g h V an D o r n was t h e r an ki n g O cer T h e i r com .

b i ne dfo rce amo u n ted to abo ut 3 i n fan try and

cav alry Van D o rn propo se d that the y co mbi n e the i r
.

fo rces anddri ve the F e deral s o ut o f M i ssi ssi ppi andWe st

Te nn essee Pri ce repli e d that he co u
. ld no t do so unde r
hi s ord e rs B ut sho rtl y afte rw ard Pri ce rece i ve d inf or
.

mati o n whi chledhi m to be li e ve G ran t was mo vi ng to the

su pp o rt o f B ue ll a n dhe marche d hi s force n e arly
, ,

stro n g from Tupe l o to I uk a dri vi n g a small F ed e ral

, ,

fo rce o ut o f the pl ace andcapturi n g a co n si derabl e quan

ti ty o f store s B ut hi s i n fo rmati o n was mi sle adi ng and
.
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .
89

he so on b e came sati sfi ed that Grant hadno t mo ve d, b ut .

was in a p osi ti o n o n hi s le ft to cut hi m 0 6 f ro m hi s b a se

A t thi s ti me Pri ce rece i ve d ano ther p ro posi ti o n f ro m

Van D o rn, to j o in the i r f orces andmo ve against G ra nt a t

Cori nth A co u . nci l o f war was calle d , th e pro p o si ti o n

consi de redandi t w as d e termi ne dto co mply wi th i t T he .

mo ve me nt to j oi n Van D o rnat Ri ple y was to have b e g un

at d ayli gh t ne xt morni ng B ut the e ne my were o n the
.

alert andab o u t fo u r o clock th at e ve ni ng R owcrans w

'
, i th
a h pe ared on Pri ce s front and fo rce db a ck
'
ea vy force ap

a co nsi d e rable b o d y o f ne w tro o p s bu tw as ch,

e cke d i n

tu rn andd ri ven back w i tha l oss o f ni ne p

,
i eces o f ar ti l
le ry b y the Fi rst M i ssouri b ri gade the Thi rd Loui si ana
, ,

re gi ment andWh i tfie lds Texas l e gi o n Bu t one re de o

’
.

ti on sad
"
denede veryheart says Ge n D ab ney H M aury, .
.
,

in an acco u nt o f the b a ttl e Gen H e nry Li ttle ha d

. .

f alle n dead i n the very ex ecuti on o f the advance whi ch

hadwon the b loo dy fie ld H e was co nve rsing wi th G e n
.

eral Pri ce w he n he was sho t thro ughthe head andf e ll ,

fro m h i s horse wi thou ta w ord He w as b u

.ri e dth at ni g ht

b y torchli ght i n I u ka N O more e fii ci e nt so ld

. i e r than
H e nry Li ttle ever fought for a good cause The ma g .
“

nifice nt M i sso u ri b ri gad the fines t b o d f m n I h ad

e , y o e

the n ever se en or have e ve r si nce se e n was the cre ati o n

, ,

of h isu nti ri ng d e vo ti on to d uty andhi s re markab le qua l

i ti es as a co mmand I n camp he was di li gent i n i n o
er .

stru cti ng h i s O fi ce rs i n thei r d uty andpro vi di ng f or the

comf ort and e fii ci e ncy o f his men ando n th ,
e b attle fi e ld

he was as steady coo l andab le a co mmande r as I ha ve

,

e ve r se e n .H i s e ye s close df o re ve r o n the hap p i e s t sp ec

tacle he cou ld b e ho ld ,
a n d the l ast thro b s o f hi s hea rt

we re ami dst the vi ctorio us sho uts o f hi s chargi ng b ri g ~

" d n
ad e
.
” “
Th b a ttle
e , ad ds G e neral M aury “
h a b e e
,

bri e f, b ut w as o ne o f th e fierce st and b loo d i es t o f t h e

w ar.
”
Th Thi rd Lo u
e i si ana lo st nearly h a lf i ts m e n
ki lle d and w ou nd ed and Whi tfie lds l e gi o
'
n n fi d 8 1 '
s e re
,
90 CON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

most v
as se e re ly. I t was these tw o command s and a

l i ttl e Arkansas b attalio n that charge dand capture d the

ni ne cannon Ge ne ral Pri ce was e latedatthe vi ctoryhe h
. ad

gai ned ,
and w as at first d i spose dto re mai n i n I u ka and
fi ght Grant s who le f orce , b ut o n re fl ecti o n h e yi e lded to
'

the re p resentati o ns of h i s o ffi cers, anddu ri ng th e ni ght

co mme nce d to w i thd raw T he e ne mymad . e a f eeb le p ur

su i t unti l the y w e re ch ecked b y B led so e s b attery and
'

the Seco ndTe xas ri fl es, andch arged b y M cCu llochs ca v

’

alry, w hi chcooledthei r ardo r to suchan exte nt that the y

di dno t agai n fire a gun The Conf e derate loss i n these
.

e ngage me nts w as ab o u t 600 andthat o f the e ne my was

e sti mated at ab o u t The re tre ati ng army reache d
Bald wi n o n the a ndo f Se pte mb e r, andre mai nedthe re
f o ur days, w he n i t moved to R i pley to form a j u ncti o n
wi th Van D o ra s f o rces General Pri ce was no wat li b
'
.
.

erty to co op e rate w
-
i thVan D ot h i uan attack on Corinth .

Bu t his f orce , si nce th e p ro p osi ti on was ori gi nall y mad e,

reduce d nearly o ne half -

. Then the y cou ldhave taken
the fiel d wi th or me n; no wthe y co uldnot
muste r more than k Bre c i nri dge s di vi si on had
'

b e e n take n f ro m Van D orn s command and

'
ex ,

ch ange d p ri so ne rs w ho hadb e en p romi se d h ad no t y et

b ee n sent hi m Pri ce s force nu mb e redab out

'
.

ne arly i nfantry cavalry and4 : gu

,
ns Van .

D o rn s strengthwas ab o ut i nf antry and800

‘

cavalry .The two command s mo vedf rom Ri p le y on th e

wt of Octob e r O n the andthey b i vouackedat Che walla.

.

e i gh t mi l es f rom Co ri nth and at d aw n o n the 3 t a rb oy

,

attacke dth e to w n Pri ce s co mmandho ld i ng the l e ft and

'
,

VanD o rn s the ri ght The l i ne o f b attl e whe nf orme don

’
.

the north si d e o f th e rai lroad w as thre e mi les fro m Cor

i nth The ene my o cc u
.
pi ed the de fe nse s constructe db y
B e au re gardth e p re vi ous sp ri ng A t te n o clock the l ine
‘
.

moved f orward and co nf ronted the li ne o f the e nemy .

T he ti mb e r co veri ng the sl op es h a d b e en f e lle d and

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 91

f o rmed a seri ous o b structi o n B ut the men f o rce d the i r

.

way thro ugh i t, unde r a he avy fire o f arti llery and runs
ke try andd
, ro ve th e e ne my f rom e very p o si ti o n he ld ca p ,
.

tu ri ng fi ve p i e ces o f artille ry The d i vi si o ns o f M a ury

.

andH eb e rt co mp o si ng Pri ce s co rp s, conti nu e d to p

’

, re ss

o n, figh ti ng all th e w ay so me ti mes che ckedte mp

, o ra ri ly ,

b ut ne ve r yi e ld i ng a f oo t o f gro u nd the y hadwo n At .

su nse t the enemyi nf ront o f Pri ce s corps hadb ee n dri ve n

'

into the to w n and the me n we ary and e xhau

, ,
ste d a nd

nearly f ami shed reste df o r the ni ght

, .

D uri ng the ni ght the F e d e rals w e re h eavily re inf o rce d ,

and stre ngth e ned th e ir p o si ti o n i n e very w ay p o ssi b le .

N o ho u rs b e fo re d li ght Pri ce s arti lle ry O pe ne d a t

'
ay

sh o rt range w i th go ode ff ect At d a yli ght th

. e gu ns we re
wi thdrawn andthe si gnal f o r attack i mpati e ntly awai te d
,
.

The wai t was a long one N ot u

'
ntil half p
. ast te n o clo c k -

was the si gnal gi ve n The n Price s li ne advance d,

.
’

sw ee p i ng e verythi ng b e fore i t, the e ne my b e i ng dri ve n

f ro m the i r gu ns andthei r guns cap tu re d Wi th i n twe nty .

minute s from the ti me the mo vement b e gan the Co nf e d

e rate fl ag w as p lante do n the ramp arts o f Cori nth B ut .

that w as all The attack o n the ri ght had f ai le d or

. ,

rath er h ad not b e en mad Si nce te n o clo c k o f

“ ’
e at all .

" ou r ri g ht
the p re vi o u s morni ng says Ge ne ral M au
“
,
ry ,

wi ng hadmade no de ci dedadvance o r attack upon the

e ne my i n i ts f ro nt .

T he result w as th at R ose crans w i thdre whi s f orce fro m

i n f ront o f the right w i ng andco nce ntrate di t agai nst the
le ft wi ng Pri ce had pe ne trate d to the ce nter o f the
.

to w n and was i n a p
, osi ti o n to strike th e e ne my i n fl ank

andre ar i f h e h adb e e n su d u n u n u ed
pp o r te b t b e i g s, pp o rt
he was o ve rpo weredandf o rce dto re tre at as b e st he co uld .

af te r tre me nd ou s lo sse s and p ro dgi e

i s o f v al o r o n the

f h i m n M u f h e Mi s
p a rt o s e A g a
. i n G e n er a,l a r y y sa s o t
so u O ld G e ne ral Pri ce loo k e do n the di so rde r
“
ri trO O p s:

of h is d arli ng troo s w i h un m i d n u i sh T h e b ig
p t i t g a t e a g .

tears cou rse dd ow n the o ld man s b ro nz e d f ace and I

'
,
92 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

have ne ver wi tn e sse d such a pi cture o f mute despai r and

g ri e f as h i s co un te n an ce w ore w h en h e l o o ke d u po n th e

d e fea t o f those magn ifice n t tro o ps H e hadn e ve r b e fo re .

k no wn the m to fai l and the y had n e ve r failed to

, ,

ca rry th e l i n e s o f any e n e my i n th e i r fro n t ; no r d id

the y e ver to the cl ose o f thei r n o b l e care er at B lake l y
o n th e o t h o f A p r i l 1 86 5 f
,
ai l to ,
de fe a t th e tro op s

be fo re the m I mean no di sparage me n t to any tro o ps

.

o f th e So u the rn Co nfe de racy whe n I say the M i sso u ri

troo p s o f th e army o f th e West w e re no t su rp asse d

"
b y any troo p s i n th e wo rld Gen M arti n G re e n
. .

co mmand e d th e M i sso u ri di vi si o n , andCo l o n e l Gates o ne

bri gad e andCo l o n e l Co ckre ll the o ther .

La te i n the e ven i n g the army b i vo u ack e d at Ch e wall a ,

bu t the best and b ravest o f i ts o ffi ce rs andme n lay d ea d

wi thi n the li n e s o f the e n e my E ve rye ff o rt was made to
.

bri ng so me so rt o f o rde r o ut o f the chaos Pri ce hadl ost .

hal f hi s fo rce The o the r hal f were sull e n andsavage

. .

T he ysl e p t o n the i r arms andall thro u , gh the ni ght co u ld

he ar the whi stle o f l oco mo ti ve s i n di cati n g the arri val o f
,

rei n force me n ts f o r th e e n e my The l o ss o n bo th si de s

.

was he avy The Co n fe d erate s fo ught i n the O pe n and

.

the i r l o ss w as co n se qu e n tl y the h ea vi est The i r loss was .

5 8 k i ll e d w o und e d and ca pture d

,
O f these .

w e re pri so n e rs The F e de ral s l ost i n ki lle d andwounded

.

an di n pri so n e rs 3 00 .

The e n e my p re sse d th e re tre ati n g army vi go ro u sl y .

R o secrans vi cto ri o u s fo rce s w e re be h i n di t andthree di

'
s
,

vi si o n s o f i n fan tryandse ve ral tho usand cavalryhadbe e n

se n t b y force d march e s f ro m J ack so n Te nn e ssee , to ge t ,

i n i ts fro n t . I t was n e ce ssary f o r i t to cross the Tom

bi gbe e ri ver andthe n the H atchi e The first was cro sse d .

w i tho ut o pposi ti o n b ut when the se co nd was re ache d i t

,

was fo und to b e he ld b ythe e n e my Thus the army was .

he mme d i n betwee n two ri ve rs and two armi e s—a ri ve r

a ndan arm
y be fore anda ri ve r andan army be hi nd i t
,

andth e re w as no o th e r k n o wn ave n u e o f e scape Whe n .

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y . 93

the crossi ng of the H atchi e at D a i s b ri dge v d

'
was re ac he ,

Phi f e r s and M arti n s b ri gad e s o f Van D o rn s co r s

'
’ ’
,
p ,

ch arge dandf orce d a p assa ge b u t b e fo re they co u

, ld f o r m
o nth e o th e r si de w e re ch arge db y th e Fe d e ral s andd ri ve n
back upo nthe ri ver where so me we re sho t so me dr o wne d
, ,

ando th ers escap e db ysw i mmi ng The F e d erals i m m e d

. i
a tely cro sse d f o rmedandco nti nu
, edth e ch arge C o lo ne l .

Co ckrell s bri gade me t and che cked the m

’

G e ne ra l .

Pri ce orde reda re tre at o f 400 yard s at a ti me e ach ti m e ,

a newli ne o f b a ttle b e i ng f o rmed Ge ne ral Bo we n he ld .

the rear andhe w , as as h ardp re ssedas Ge ne ral Pri ce was

i n fro nt H e too k ad
. vantage o f e ve ry h i ll tre e a nd ,

f e nce to p ro tect h i s me n and co ntested e ve ry f o o t o f

,

gro u nd o ve r whi ch he passe d J ust b e fore ni ght he

.

f ormeda li ne w i tha maskedsecti on o f arti lle ry su ppo rte d

b y three re gi me nts andwhen the e ne my go t w
,
i thi n c lo se
range th e arti lle ry o p e ned o n th e m and th e i nf antr y

ch arge d th em, and the y w e re h urle d b ackwardin co n

f usi o n Thi s sto p
.
ped the pursui t f or the day .

Du ri ng th e ni ght Ge ne ral Pri ce l e arne do f an o b sc u re

a ndu nu se d ro ad w hi ch le d to a mi ll on the ri ver ab o ut

five mi les b e l o w The re w . as ne i th e r b ri d g e n o r f o rd ,

b ut there was a d am andPri ce co ncl u

,
de dhe coul dco n o

s tru ct so me so rt o f te mp o rary b ri d g e H e th er e f o re .

marched the army the re and wi th the dam as a b asi s ,

made a b ri dge o f the l ogs andpuncheo ns ando the r ti m

b er lyi ng ab o ut andshortly af te r mi d
,
ni ght hadthe a rti l
le ry the trai nandthe me n saf e ly across andon the march
,

a ro u nd the fl ank o f th e o b stru cti ng fo rce The marc h .

was co ntinue dunti l ne ar H olly Spri ngs whe re the we a ry ,

s o ld i e rs pi tched the ir tents andre ste d T here the M i s .

so u ri co mmand s w ere reo rgani ze d 00 1 F M Co ck re ll , . . .

taki ng co mma nd o f the F i rst b ri gad e Co l M arti n E ,

.

G ree n o f the Se co nd and G e n J o hn 8 B o w ,

e n o f the
. .

di vi si o n The Fi rst and the F o urth M i sso uri i nf antry

«
.

we re consoli dated Co l Archi b aldM cF arlane o f the F o urth

, .

b e co mi ng co lo ne l andCo l A C R i l e y o f the F irst li e u

, . . . ,
N C ON FE D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

te n an t-co l o ne l . W R Gauss succee de d Co l

Li e ut - C01
. . . . .

J. A . P ri tch ar d w ho
, h ad b ee n m o rtall y w o u nd e d a t Co r
i nth as co l o ne l o f the Thi rd and Li e ut Co l Pe mb ro k e
, , .
-
.

Se nte ney was gi ve n charge o f the Se co nd i n place o f ,

Co lo n e l Co ck re ll co mmandi ng bri gade

, .

The ba ttl e o f Co ri nthe nd e d the fighti n g as fa r as the ,

M i ssi ssi p p i tr oo ps w e re co n ce rn e d f o r the y ear 1,

86 2 .

The d ay be fo re Ch ri stmas th e y wi th o th e r troop

, s w e re ,

re vi e we d at G re n ad a b y Pre si d e n t D av i s G e n e rals J o hn ,

sto n Pri ce Pe mbe rto n and Lo ri n g andthe M i sso u

, , ri an s
,

w e re hi ghly co mpl imen te d b y the Presi d e n t o n the ir so l

di erly qual i ti e s E arl y i n the ne wye ar Ge n e ral Pri ce
.

ann o u n ce d to hi s tro o ps that he hadso li ci te d ando btai n e d

o rd e rs to re p o rt to the Tran s M i ssi ssi p -
i
p p d e a rtm e n t and ,

that he hadthe pro mi se o f the se cre tary o f war that the y

should fo ll o w hi m i n a sho rt ti me .
 C H A PTE R X .

TH E T RA N S M ISSISS I PPI D E PAR TM E N T O PE N TO F E D

-

ERAL OC C U PATIO N — H IN D MAN TAKES CO MMAN D

—SH ELB Y GO ES I N TO M ISSO U R I TO RAISE A R EG I
M E N T—B ATT LE O F LO N E ACK—TH RE E R E G I M E N TS
J
O R G AN IZ E D AT N E WTO N IA A B R IG AD E FO R M ED
~

WI TH SH ELB Y C O MM AN D I N G —T H E F IG H T A T N EW
TO N IA—H IN D MAN SU PE R SE D E D —H O LM ES O RD E R S
T R O O PS O U T O F M I SSO U R I—T H E D ESPE RA TE F IG H T
AT CA N E H ILL .

H EN Ge n eral s Van D ora dPri ce under o rd e rs

an ,

fro m Ri chmo nd mo ve d the i r troo ps e ast o f the

,

ri ve r to re i n fo rce Gene ral B e a ure gard at Co ri n th ,

the y l e ft the T ran s Mi ssi ssi p

-
pi d e partme n t stri ppe d o f
so ldi e rs andat th e me rcy o f th e F ed erals N o t o nl y w e re .

the organi ze d Co n fe d e rate troo p s ta k e n b ut mo st o f the,

State tro o p s . We st o f the ri ve r the re was b ut li ttl e of

the fee l i ng that e xi ste d east o f i t in re gard to State troo p s

se rvi n g o nl y i n the State s to whi ch the y be l o nge d The .

States as w e ll as the tro o p

,
s too k a b ro ad e r vi e w o f th
, e

si tua ti o n . The men w ere wi lli ng to se rve w he re the i r

se rvi ce s w ere most n ee de d andth e Sta te au
, tho ri ti e s and
the p e op l e e ndo rse d them i n so do i n g Co nse que n tly .
,

afte r Van D o rn and Pri ce l e ft wi th th e i r co mmands ,

the re was f o r so me mo nths a ste ady stre am o f o rga ni ze d

an duno rgani ze d re gi me n ts andco mpa ni e s movi n g across
the ri ve r andfalli n g i nto li n e w here ve r o rd ere d
N o thi n g but i mbe ci l i ty pre vente d the F e de ral s afte r ,

the b attl e o f Pe a Ri dge fro m mo vi n g so uthward and

,

tak i n g p osse ssi o n o f th e co un try to the A rkan sas ri ve r

o r to the R edri v e r o r f o r th
, ,
at matter to th e Gu lf o f M e x
,
.

i co
. B ut Cu rti s w as i n co mma nd andh e w as an e x cee d
,

i n gl y co nserv ati v e so ldi e r A fter Pea Ri dge he acted

.
96 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

mo re li ke a co mmander o f a b eate n army anxious to ,

a voi dth e e ne my th an a co mmand

, er w ho hadfo ught a nd
wo n a grea t b a ttle andwas eager to secure the fr ui ts
o f hi s vi ctory . H e cla mo re d i ncessantly f or re infor c e
ments whe n there was no e ne my to Opp o se h i m and no t ,

unti l the first o f J une di dhe ge t things to warrant hi m ,

i n hi s o w n mi nd i n taki ng the o ff e nsi ve

, The n he was .

su d b n i n la d fl ee t o n Wh i i anda cc
pp o rte y a r o c te r ve r ,

op e rating fo rce, o r 8 o o o stro ng w , as mo vi ng d o w

, n
fro m F o rt Scott, in Kansas pre pare dto i nvade A rkansas ,

f ro m the no rthw e st B ut C u rti s h

. ad w ai tedto o lo ng .

H i s e mi ne nt co nse rvatism had cau sed h i m to lose the

g o ld en op po rtuni ty .

B e fo re that ti me Ge n Thomas C H i nd . man hadb e e n

.

a ssi gne dto th e co mmando f th e Trans M i ssi ssi p pi depa rt-

ment H e was wo unded at Shi lo h b ut as so o n as he

.
,

reco ve red su ffi ci ently to b e ab le to trave l he came W e st ,

a cc o mp ani e do nl y b y h i s staff He w as ad. mi rab ly fi tted

f o r the p e cu li ar d uti es that de vo lved upo n hi m—whi ch
we re to de fe nd an unarmedco untry andmake an a rmy
o u t o f no thi ng H e was f e rti le in reso urce ; p
. ro m pt ,

aggre ssi ve ,
and re gard less o f the f o rms o f law whe n
the y co nfl i cte d wi th the acco mp li shme nt o f the p urpose
he hadi n vi e w H e b e gan the wo rk o f maki ng an a rmy
.

b y ste p pi ng e n ro ute fo r Co ri nth a f orce o f mo re tha n a

, ,

th ou sand Te xas cavalry and u si ng th

,
e m to d e cei ve and

fri ghte n Cu rti s as w , e ll as mak i ng th e m th e nu cl eu s of

the army he was ab o u t to o rgani z e H e create d the be

.

li e f that he w as rece i vi ng he avy re i nforce me nts f ro m

so u the rn A rkansas and Lo u i si ana and Te xas and an ,

abu nd ant su p ply o f arms andmuni ti o ns o f war f ro m e ast

o f th e M issi ssi p p i a nd cau,
se d i n f o rm a ti o n to that e fi ect
to re ach Cu rti s Wi th his cavalry he hove re d aro und
.

hi m dro ve i n hi s p
, i cke ts andat e ve ry f avo rab l e O pp
,
or

tu ni ty attackedhi m i n fl ank andrear T hese mane uvers .

a ndd ece p ti o ns hadthe i r e ff ect f o r i n a sho rt ti me Curti s

,

b e came alarme dandre ti re dwi thhis army o f me n

 CON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 97

f rom B ayou D es A rc to the co ve r o f hi s i ro ncl ads o n

Whi te ri ve r, andthe n to H e le na .

In the meanti me o fl i cers and so ld i e rs o f the M i sso u ri

State Gu ard w ho had crossed the ri ve r wi th G e ne ra l
Pri ce w ere re tu rning, i nd i vi dually and b y co mpani e s,
to re ne wthe figh t f o r th e p ro te cti o n o f Arkansa s and the

States f u rth e r so uth, and to re co ve r p osse ssi o n o f the i r

o wn State All o f the m w

. e re acti ve ly e ngage d re cr uit .

i ng o r prepari ng to recru i t i n M isso uri Gene ral Parso ns, .

as h as b e e n sai d, re turned from Tu pelo wi th the re m .

nants o f the State G u ard Co l oh n T Hu ghe s re

. . J .

turne d from the me place wi th a b ri gadi er ge ne ra l s ’

sa -

co mmissi on Co l J ohn Q B u
. rb ri d
.
ge re si gnedthe co m
.

mando f the Se condinf antry andre turnedto rai se a ne w

re gi me nt Cap t Jo 0 She lb y b ro u
. .
g h t b. ac k h i s co m p ya n
wi thhi m andautho ri tyfrom the war departme nt to rai se
a re gi me nt O the rs came wi th li ke autho ri ty fo r the
.

same p urpo se .

Shelb y s me n marche d across the State o n f oo t and

’

we nt into camp near Van B ure n preparatory to go i ng ,

i nto M i ssou ri wh ere th ere w ,as a garri so n i n nearl y e ve ry

to w n andthe ro ads w
, e re p a tro lle dd ai l y andso me ti me s

ni ghtl y A nythi ng i n the shap

. e of a h o rse th a t co u ld
trave l was i n d emand The trappings mad . e l e ss d i ff e r
e nce . I f a sadd le co uld no t b e hada b lanke t wo ulddo .

If a b ri d le were lacki ng one co uld b e made o f ro pe and

raw hi de Eve ry man h ad a go o d M i ssi ssi p i i fl e and
.
p r

1 40 ro u nd s o f ammu ni ti on Whe n the ti me came f o r .

s tarti ng th ose w
, ho di dno t have a ho rse o r a mule j oi ne d
the colu mn on f oo t N o t unti l the co mmand go t i nto
.

N ew to n cou nty w as i t reallyin th e co u ntry o f the e ne my

B y that ti me the d i smo unte dme n hadgo t horses She l
lan was to attack the e ne my s troo p s w he reve r he
'
bys p
’

me t the m I f he could no t whi p the m the pause tha t

. ,

f o llo we d the attack gave him ti me to ge t away Thus .

marching and fighting he made hs w y i a t o L a f ay e t te

cou nty hi s ho me co u
-_ —
nty and t e re h co m m e nc e d th e

acti ve w o rk o f raisi ng a re g i me nt .

Mo 1
as CON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

turn e d asi de whe n n e ar the M i ssouri ri ve r and w ent

i n to J ackso n co u n ty Sho rtly be fore Ge n J ohn T
.
, . .

H ughe s andCo l G i deo n W Tho mp

. so n h adrai se d a con
.

si d erab le bo d y o f me n and d e fe ate d a F ed e ral force at

Ind e p e nd e n ce i n J ackso n co u
,
n ty b ut Ge ne ral H ughes ,

was k i ll e d j ust as the e ne my gave way H e was a b rave .

and i n te ll i ge n t o fl i cer f u ll o f zeal ande n thusiasm and

, ,

hi s death was a great lo ss to the cause Co l J o hn T . . .

Co des and C0 1 U pto n H ays w e re al so re cru

. i ti n g in the
same sec ti o n o f co u n try A t the small to wn o f Lo n e
.

J ack i n the so uthe astern part o f J ackso n co un ty there

, ,

was a co nsi de rab l e F e de ral fo rce e sti mate d at ,

me n
wi th two pi eces o f artill ery und e r the co mmand o f Maj , .

E me ry F oste r and Co l o n e ls Co ckre ll H ays and Co fl

,
ee ,

d e te rmi n ed to a ttack i t wi th the i r co mb i n e d force and

that o f Co l o n e l Thomp so n w ho had bee n wo unde d at
,

I nde p end e n ce amo u

, n ti n g to ab o ut Soc me n The attack .

was mad e j ust at dayli ght o n the morni ng o f A ugust

16 , 1 86 2
. I t was i n te nd e d to b e a su rp rise b u t the p re ,

mature di scharge o f a gun al arme d the F e de ral s be fo re

the Co n fe d e rate s go t in l i n e The ad v an tage s o f arms
.
,

p o si t i o n an d a m m u n i ti o n w e re w i th th e F e d e ra ls F or .

si x h ou rs th e fight rage d F irst o ne si de and the n the

.

o th er w as fo rce d b ack The se cti o n o f arti ll e ry w

. as

ta k e n and re take n twi ce I n fact the mai n fight was

.
,

aro u nd ando ve r the gun s The F e de ral s be l i e ved them

.

se l v es attack e d b y Q u an tre ll and h i s me n andfo ught ,

wi th d espe rati o n T he Co nfe de rate s we re i n si ght of

.

the i r ru i n e d ho me s andco n si d e red that the ho u r o f ve n

g ea n c e h a d c o m e .A t l as t th e F e d e ral s re tre a t e d l ea vi n g ,

ha lf the i r n umbe r k i ll ed andw o und e d wi th the ir arti l ,

l e ry and thei r co mmand e r suppo se d to b e mo rtall y ,

w o und ed tho ughhe afte rwards reco ve re d

, .

T hi s fight at Lo n e J ack was o f no gre at i mp o rtan ce as

f ar as the ge n e ra l re sul t o f the w ar w as co nce rne d b u t it ,

was as fie rce l y co n teste d and bl oo d y a fight f o r the num

 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 99

he r o f me n e ngage d i n i t as occu rred an yw here , and

sh o w s the co ndi ti o n s u nde r w hi chrecrui ti n g was carri ed o n
in M i sso u ri I ts i mme di ate e ff e ct was to aro u
. se the F ed

eral au tho ri ti e s i n the Sta te to gre ate r acti vi ty andcau se ,

tho u sand s o f troop s to b e se n t to th at i mme d i a te d i stri ct

to ru n the recru i ti n g o ffi ce rs o u t H ays andThomp son .

and Co fi ee and Co ck re ll and Sh e l by h asti l y gathere d

the i r me n to ge the r and starte d so u thward The y had .

n e i the r the organ iz ati o n no r the ammuni ti o n to make a

stand wh e re th e y w e re I t was a race a co n te st o f
.
-

pyh s i ca l e nd ura n ce a n d p l u ck — t o re ach th e O zar k

mountai n co un try The Co n fe d e rates wo n as the y had
.
,

to w i n Tho se who gave o ut and fe ll be hi nd , di e d as

.

su re l y as th e y w e re cap tu re d N e ar N e wto ni a the d ifier

.

e nt co mmands e n camp e d and se t ab o u t the w o rk o f or

g a n i z a ti o n i n e ar n e st T h er e w e r e. e no ugh recru i ts to
make three re gi me n ts co mpo se d o f as goo d so ldi e rl y ,

mate rial as co uld b e fo und an ywhe re Jo 0 Shel by was . .

ch ose n co l o n e l o f th e L afaye tte co u n ty re gimen t; B F . .

Go rd o n li e ute n an t co l o n e l ; and Ge o rge Ki rtl e y, maj o r

,
-
.

The J ack so n co un ty re gi me n t e l e c te d U pto n H ays co l ,

one l ; B e al G J ea n s, l i e ute n an t co l o n e l ; and Charl e s

.
-

Gi l k ey, maj o r The so uthw e st re gi me n t e l e cte d J o hn T

. .

Co ff e e co l o n e l ; J ohn C H oope r, li eute nan t co l o n e l ;

, .
-

andGe o rge W N i ch o l s maj o r

. G e n e ral H i ndman se n t
,
.

a sta ff o fi ce r to o rgani ze th e th re e regi me n ts i n to a M i s

so u ri cav alry b ri gad e o f wh i ch Co l Jo 0 She l by w

, as . .

g i v e n th e c o m mand .

O the r re gi me n ts w er e al so rai se d i n o the r p arts o f th e

Sta te f o r bo th the i n fan try and ca va lry se rvi ce Co l . .

J o hn Q B urbri dge rai se d a fine cav alry re gi me nt, co m

.

pose d mo stl y o f re crui ts fro m n o rth o f the M i sso u ri

ri ver . Wm L Je fi e rs rai se d ano the r caval ry re gi me n t
. .

i n so u theaste rn M i sso u ri , co mp o se d o f th e b e st materi al .

Co l Co l to n G re e n e rai se d an o the r, j u
. st as goo d i n e very

re sp e ct . Li e u t Co l M e rri tt Yo u
.
-
ng rai se d a batta li o n
.
,

co mp o se d l arge l y o f me n from n o rth we st M i sso uri .

1 00 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

The se mmands we re afterward f o rme d i n to a b ri gade

co

o f wh i ch Ge n J o hn S M armaduk e w
. as gi v e n th
. e co m

mand A fte r the aflai r at Bo o n e vill e , M armad uk e had

.

j oi n e d Ge n Al b ert Si dn ey J o hn ston i n Kentuck y com

.
,

mande da b ri gad e andhi ghl y d i sti n gui she d himse l f at the

battle o f Shi loh A t H i ndman s re quest he was se n t
'
.

w e st o f the ri ve r andgi ve n co mmand o f a ca valry di vi

sio n comp o se d o f h i s ow n andShe l by s b ri gad es
'
,
M ar .

maduke s bri gad e was co mmand e d b y i ts se ni o r co l o n e l

'
,

so me ti mes Co l o n e l B u rb ri dge and so me ti me s Co l o n e l

G ree n e be i n g i n co mmand o f i t She l by s was the fi rst
’
.

cav alry bri gad e o rgan i ze d ho we v er The M i sso u ri i a

,
.

f an try re gi me n ts w e re mad e up l arge l y o f co mpani es

a nd sq u ads re cru i te d i n M i sso uri whi chmad e thei r way
i n si de the Co n fe d erate l i n es .

N o t l o n g af ter the fo rmati o n o f She l by s bri gad e and

’
.

whi l e i t was sti ll e n campe d n e ar N e wto ni a, Co l U pto n .

H ays was ki ll e d i n a sk i rmishwi ththe o u tpo st o f a large

bo dy o f F e de rals . He was a ga lla n t so ldi er an do ne of

the most pro misi n g o fl i ce rs H e had i n the se rvi ce .

a l re ady mad e a fine re p utati o n andhadhe l i ve d wo uld ,

have mad e a b ri ll i an t o ne The d eath o f Co l o n e l H ays

.

made Li eut Co l Be al G J ean s co l one l ; M aj Charl es

.
-
. .
, .

Gi l k e y, l i e ute n an t co l o n e l ; and Capt D avi d Shanks

-
.
,

maj o r o f the regi ment .

She l by s re stl e ss e n ergy and amb i ti o n andthe ci rcu m

'
,

stances b y w h i ch he w as su rro u nde d di d no t admi t of ,

l o ng d all yi ng i n camp A co n si d e rab l e bo d y o f Pi n In

.

di an s—the n ame gi ve n to those I ndi ans who afl ili ate d

wi thth e F e d era l s— andv agabo nd n e gro e s were p i ll agi n g
a nd l e vyi n g b l ack mai l o n th e f arme rs i n the vi ci ni ty o f

C arthage Capt B e n E ll i o tt, o f Go rd on s re gi me n t was

'
. .
,

se n t wi th h i s o wn co mp an
y andde tach m e n ts fro m se v
e ral oth e r co mp an i e s, aggre ga ti n g n e arl y z oo me n to ,

k i ll capture o r di spe rse the m Captai n Elli o tt was a

,
.

sk i ll ful as w e ll as a dashi n g o fi cer H e surrounde d the .

ca mp o f re n e gad e s and su rp ri se d them at dayli ght

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . IOI

on the mo rn i n g o f the 1 4th o f Se pte mbe r b y ,

ch argi n g the m from all si d es at o n ce The ro ut .

was i nstan tan eo us and co mpl e te O f the 3 5 0 a f e w

.

escap ed to the bru sh and th e re st w e re ki ll e d The .

sp o ils o f the e x p e di ti o n w ere 2 00 ne w mi n i s ri fl es ,

l ate l y i ssue d to them at F ort Sco tt .

Ge n J ames S R ai n s was i n co mmand o f the u

. . norgan
i esd i n fan try and wi th abo ut, o f th em w as e n

ca mp e d o n th e Pea R i dge battl e fie l d p ro te cti n g th

,
e

tran sp o rtati on o f l e ad fro m th e Gran by mi n e s to Li ttl e

R ock . To sto p th i s suppl y o f a p ri me n ece ssi ty o f w ar

to the Co n fe d e rate s the F ed e ral s o ccu

, ped G ran by wi th
i
a force 5 00 strong M aj D avi d Shan k s was se nt b y
. .

She l by wi thfive co mp an i e s o f h i s re gi me n t to dri ve them

ou t, w h i chhe d i do n the mo rni n g o f the 2 3 dby chargi n g
thei r p i ck e ts wi th hi s who l e fo rce and go i n g i n to the
to wn wi th the m The F e de rals we re su
. rp ri se d andfl ed ,

l osi n g 3 7 ki ll e d and w ound e d and 4 3 pri so n e rs All the .

l e ad that hadbe e n accumulated unde r the supe rvi si o n o f

the F ed e rals w as l oad e d i n w ago n s and se n t to R ai n s
’

camp .

Bu t these w e re mostl y forays, a nd se rve d no p urpo se

b ut to attract atte nti o n to the b ri gad e Ge n e ral Scho .

fie ld had q u i etl y co ll ecte d an army stro n g at St .

Louis and o bse rvi ng the troub l e i n the so u

,
. thw e st and
th at Sh e l by p e rsi ste n tl y rema i n e d i n th e Sta te mo v e d h is ,

who l e fo rce d o wn to the sce n e o f disturban ce On the .

o th er h and Co l D o u
, gl as . H C o o pe r
. ca m e fro m th e

Chero k ee N ati o n wi tha mix ed fo rce o f Tex an s I nd i an s ,

and h abo u stro n g to Sh

'
al f bre e ds
-
t
,
e l by s assi st

e rank i n g o m
,

an ce . Co o p er w as th ce r ando n th e ju
, nc
ti o n o f th e fo rce s too k co mmand, and thre w Co l o n e l
,

H awpe , wi th a b attal i o n o f Te xas ca val ry forw ard to ,

N e w to n i a She l b y had a co n si d e rab l e force there su

.
p ,

p o rt e d b y tw o pi e ce s o f a rt i ll e ry f rom C a p t J oe B l e d soe .s
’

battery Co l one l Sal omo n who hadse rve d unde r Si ge l

.
,

i n the Wi l so n s Cree k camp

'
ai gn was se nt b y Scho fie ld
, ,
1 02 CON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

wi th a stro ng b ri gade of Ge rmans, to attack the to wn

.

Salo mo n dvance d slo wly and cauti o usly dri vi ng the

a ,

pi cke ts i nb e f o re hi m On the mo rni ng o f Septemb e r 3 o th

.
,

havi ng go t wi thin e asy arti lle ry range hi s two si x gun ,

-

ened fire B ledsoe s two gu ns re pli e d and

’
b atte ri es Op .
,

the F ed e ral fire w as at o nce co nce ntrate don h im Fo r .

an h ou r the u neq ual artille ry fire co nti nue d T he n B le d .

so e s gu ns ce ased firi ng fro m lack o f ammu

'
ni ti o n Sal .
.

omo n th end ep loye dhi s inf antry and advance d andthe ,

Co nf ederates we re fo rced back to the o utski rts o f the

Co lone l C0 0 p er h adtaken co mmando n th e fie ldat th e

b e gi nni ng o f the acti o n, lea vi ng She lb y i n co mmando f

the tw o camp s H e no wse nt to She lb yf or a re gi me nt,
.

andSh e lb y se nt hi m Go rd on s Go rd o n came at a gallo p

'
.
,

andstru ck th e e nemy i n fl ank, andd ro ve th e fl a nk i n o n

the center G o rdo n w as f o rced hack andi nto the to w

-

. n,
bu t the Co nfed erates re ga i ned w hat the y had lost .

Co oper s who le co mmandwas then o rdere d u p, wi thhis

'

b atteryandano ther re gi ment o f Shelb y s Thu s strength

’
.

e ne d,
the fight was re ne wedandi n a sh o rt time the F e d

e ral li ne gave w ay and w as d ri ven tw e l ve mi l es, the

an dprovi si ons The Co nf ederate l oss was consi de rab le

. .

b ut no t nearly as l arge as that o f the F e d erals w hi ch ,

was esti mate d at i n ki lle d wo u nd e d cap tu re d and

, ,

mi ssi ng To ave nge thi s de f ea t Scho fieldadvancedthe

.

ne xt day w i th hi s w ho le force b ut Co lone l Co o pe r de.

cli ned to acce p t th e pro fi er o f b attl e and re ti re d fro m

the to wn ,
fighti ng as he we nt .

The ult o f these o pe rati ons was that e ve ryorgani ze d

res

Co nf e d e rate f orce w as d ri ven o ut o f Mi sso uri Ge n . .

T H H olmes had re li e ve d Ge neral H i ndman i n co m

. .

mando f the de partme nt andone o f hi s first acts was to

,

o rde r H i nd man to f all b ack i nto A rkansas and assum e

the d e fe nsi ve H ind
. man pro tested aga i nst the or de r ,

and i t w as re e ate d i n a mo re
p pe re mpto ry form H e .

D oltiz e db y
 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 03

had no al te rn ati ve b ut to o be y tho u , ghto d o so co st h im

the re su l t o f hi s l abo rs w hi l e i n co mmand o f the d e part
me n t H is desi gn was to mass fro m
. to
i n fan try i n n o rthwest A rkan sas and so u thw est M i sso u ri

be hi nd or ca valry, w h i ch we re to dri v e the

F e d erals back as f ar at l east as Spri n gfie ld ; then , b y a
rap i d mo ve me n t o f cav alry and inf an try—the first n orth
and th e last so u tho f Sp r i ngfie ld —to fo rce the e n emy to
fight at a d i sad van tage o r su rre nd e r, th e o nl y p racti cal

li n e o f re treat be i n g he ld b yhi s cavalry In o the r w o rds,

.

he i n te nde d to do what M cCulloch mi ght have do n e , b ut

di dno t do , afte r the b attl e o f Wi l so n s Cre e k M ost o f
'
.

the i nf an try re qu i re d f o r the e xpe d i ti o n w ere in campat

Li ttl e R ock andonWhi te andB lack ri vers, andre i n force
me n ts were co n stan tl y arri vi n g fro m so uthe rn A rk an sas
and Te xas ; and besi d es these , Ge n e ral R ai ns h ad

or me n o f the o ldM isso uri State G uard i n hi s co m

mand, w hi ch ho vere d about the so uthe rn bo rd e r o f M is
so u ri She l by s cav alrybri gad e hadalread y be e n organ
’
.
.

i zed, and an o ther was i n p roce ss o f f ormati o n . I n any

e ve n t, H i ndman s
’
u
p p r ose w as t o p a s s th e w i n t e r i n th e

M issouri ri ve r co un try and rai se an army i n M i sso u ri

cap abl e o f mak i n g a stro n g fight f or the p o ssessi o n o f th e

State . B ut i n an o rde r ten line s l ong Ge ne ral H o lmes

sh attere d th e camp ai gn , andd i dno t the n , nor at anyti me
afterward p ro p
,
o se an o th er
.

She l by s b ri gad e too k p osi ti o n at Cross H o ll o ws i n

’

Ark an sas, and came as n e ar no t doi n g an ythi n g as at

any ti me d u ri n g i ts e xi ste n ce . There w as no th i n g f or i t
to d o e xce p t to sco u t w e ll to the fro nt andke e pi nf orme d
o f th e e n e my s mo ve me n ts A bo ut thi s ti me Ge n e ra l
'
.

H i nd man i ssue d an o rd e r d ire cti n g B rig Gen J ohn S -

. .

M armaduk e to tak e co mmand o f all the cav alry i n the

di stri ct o f n orthe rn A rkan sas and to go at once to the
,

fro n t B y an o ther order fro m Ge neral H i ndman Co l

.
, .

J ohn T Co fi ee was re li e ve d o f the co mmand o f hi s re gi

.

me nt and Co l G id e o n W Tho mpso n o rdere d to take

. .
104 CON F E D ERA M M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

co mmando f i t She lb y was o rde re db y M armaduk e to

.

re p o rt to h i m near Van B u re n . B ut if the Co nf ed e ra te s ,

acti ng i n acco rd ance w i ththe le tte r and sp i ri t o f Ge ne ral

H o lmes ord ers, w e re i ncl i ne d to stay o n th e so u th s i d
'
e

o f th e State l i ne andkee pth e p e ace , th e F ed e rals o n th e

northsi de o f the li ne we re no t so ki nd ly dispo sed

General Scho fie ldhadw i thd raw n his a rmy to Spri ng .

fieldandgone i nto w i nte r qu arte rs But Ge ne ral B lunt,

.

o f Kansas a ru , gge dso ld i er andfighte r hadco nce ntra ted

,

a h eavy f orce at F aye ttevi ll e wi th th e vi e wo f cro ssi n

g
the Bo sto n mo u nta i ns and d istu rb i ng the re p ose o f the

Conf ede rate s i n the Arkansas valle y M armad . uke was

ord e re d to Op po se h i m an
, d o n th e i 7 h
t o f N ov e m b er
mo ve dout fro m hi s campnear Van B ure n, wi th She lb y s '

b ri gad re i nfo rce d w i th Arthu r Carro ll s bri gade

’
e , of

A rkansas cavalry Cane H i ll was hi s o b j ecti ve po i nt

. .

Li eut A rthu
. r M cco y, w i th a f o rce o f fif ty pi cked m e n ,

su rp risedandro u te da b o d y o f P i n I nd i ans th e d ay C ane

H ill was reache d The ne xt d . ay Sh e lb y rece i vedi nf or

mati on that the ene my was advanci ng to attack hi m, and

made preparati ons acco rdi ngly The F e de rals avo i ded.

hi s pi ckets andattempte dto surprise hi m b ymaking thei r

way, di smo unted thro ugh a large co rnfie l d W hen
,
.

wi thi n po i nt b lank range the y we re re cei ve d wi th a

-
,

hea vy fire o f arti lle ry andmuske try andfl , ed Ca rroll.

was o rde re dto make pursui t, b ut di di t so he sitati ngly

andf ee b l th
y at the e ne my escap ed .

B ut these were me rel yp re li minaryski rmi sh Bl unt s

'
es .

co mmand as a w ho le had no t b e e n engage d H e had .

b e e n re i nf orce d unti l he hadp ro b ab ly men On .

the 3 d o f D ecemb e r he ad vance d o n Cane H ill sl o w ly

andca u ti o u sly M armaduke hadsent e ve rythi ng l i kely
.

to i mp ed e h i s moveme nts across the Boston mou nta i ns,

andw as re ad yandwai ti ng f or the attack All the da y of
.

the 4 th the men w e re i n li ne o f b attle b u , t the ene my d id

not ap pe ar The ne xt mo rning ho we ver at sunrise he
.
, , ,

came i n f o rce She lb y s b attery advanta geou sly p o s ted

’
.
, ,
 C O N F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 105

o p e n e d fire B l.un t rap yi d l b ro u g t his arti ll e ry i n to

h
acti o n andh
, i s gu ns we re se rve d wi thadmi rabl e coo lness
and p reci si o n U nde r co ve r o f the art i ll e ry fire B l u nt s ‘
.

i n f an try advance d to the attack b ut we re re p ulse d and

,

thre e ti mes re n e w e d the assau l t Shel by s b ri gad e had

'
.

d one the fighti n g Carro ll s be i n g he ld i n rese rve A f te r

'
, .

the failu re o f th e i r th i rd assau lt o n She l by s li ne s

'
,

B l un t thre w o ut a co lumn to the ri ght and l e ft de ter ,

mi n e d to flan k the po si ti o n he co uld no t tak e b y di rect

assau l t M armad uke fe ll b ack i n goo d orde r be fo re thi s
.

ne w mo v eme n t She l by carryi n g e d wi th hi m hi s de ad

,

andw o u nd e d T he n B lun t massed hi s caval ry i n so l i d

. .

co l u mn de te rmi n edb y mai n fo rce to cru

, sh e ve ry thi n g i n
fro n t o f hi m H e le dhi s arti ll e ry co lumn i n pe rso n
. .

B ut M arma d u k e was w ary andfe ll back b y successi v e

fo rmati o ns on al ternate si d es o f the road alw ays prese n t ,

i ng an armed front to hi s ad ve rsary A t the same ti me .

e ve ry h ill androcky e mi n e n ce was made a rall yi n g p o i nt -

and a p oi n t o f d e fe n se Bu t B lu n t was d etermi n e d and

.

le dhi s cav alry o n w av e afte r w ave to the assau

, lt ,At .

l e n gth j ust as ni ght fe ll M armad uke mad e a stand o n a

, ,

ru gge d hi l l a hun d re d fee t o r mo re i n h e i ght b ro u g h t h i s

am
,

arti ll e ry agai n i n to acti o n and h e d e v e ry atte mp t of

B l un t to di sl o d ge him I n the l ast charge B l un t mad e
.
,

Li e ute n an t Co l o n e l J e we ll o f the Si x th K an sas ca val ry

-
, ,

was ki ll e d at the he ad o f hi s re gi men t H e was a gall an t .

so ld i e r anda fav ori te o fl i ce r wi th B l u n t and a flag o f ,

tru ce w as sent i n ask i n g f o r h i s bo d y andp e rmi ssi o n to

b ury the F e de ral dead and remove the wo unde d Pe r .

mi ssi on was gran te d andGe n e ral B l un t andGe n eral M ar

maduke andCo l o ne l She l byme t andhada tal k o n n e utral
g ro und .

Carro ll s b ri gad e was no t i n the fight I t fl e dat th

’
e .

first fire o r rathe r fo ll o w e d i ts command er i n his fli ght

,
.

I t no t o nl y l e ft the field b u t co n ti nu e d i ts fl i gh
,
t a f te r
i t was f ar be yo nd the p o i n t o f d an ger te ll ing o f d e fe at ,
.

and di saster as i t w e n t The b ri gad e afterw ard be came

.
lm C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

a fine body o f fighting me n u nder Ge ne ra l Cab e ll, mi d

Carro ll d isapp e are d f ro m si ght as a m i li ta ry fi gure. T o w
o ffi ce rs, Li e ute nants H u ey andSharp ,
o f a small b
a ttery

attach ed to th e b ri gad e , re mained ,

howe ve r, and af ter
C arroll fl ed re p orte d to Marmadu ke for d uty T he d
. ay

af ter th e b attl e Marmad uke wi thdre w i thout m o lesta

w
 C H A PTER X I .

H I ND MA N PR E PARES FO R A CA M PA I GN - TH E B A TT L E
O F PRAI RI E GR O E — BOT H AR M I ES R E T RE A T
V
H O LM ES A BAN D O N S T H E U PPE R A R KAN SA S V A L
LEY—H I N D MAN R ELI E E D O F CO MMAN D I N T H E
V
WEST—MAR M AD U KE M O ES I N TO MI SSO U R I R E
V —
—
PU LSE A T SPR I N GF I E LD A HARD F IG H T AT H A R T

EVI O U S to the fight at Cane H i ll, H i ndm an

had b e e n q ui e tl y co nce ntrating an i nf antr y f o rce
i n the vi ci ni ty o f Van B u re n The y came f ro m
.

L i ttle Rock andfrom Whi te andB lack ri ve rs A f te r hi s .

check b y Marmad uke i n the Bo ston mo untai ns, B lunt re

tu rne dto Cane H i ll w i thabo ut me n Ge ne ra l H e r .

ro n w as to the e ast o f h i m, i n the vi ci ni ty o f Ye ll vi l le a nd

H untsvi lle , wi th men H i ndman b y dint o f much
.
,

pe rsuasi o n, o b tai ne d p e rmi ssi o n o f Ge neral H o lme s t o

cross the mou ntai ns and fight H erro n or H e rro n and ,

B lu nt if they su ccee d edi n u ni ti ng thei r f orces ; b ut wi th

the co nd i ti on that w i n or l ose he sho uldi mme d
,
i a te ly re
cross th e mo u ntai ns and march to the su cco r o f L i ttl e

R ock whi ch was not threa te ned from any d

, i re cti o n .

M armadu ke s cavalry w si
'
as at D ri p i n S
p g p g, ri n s i n a p o

ti o n to take p art i nany moveme nt H i nd man mi ght mak e .

H i nd man had men o f all arms H e moved f ro m .

O zark on the 3do f D ece mb e r, r86 z w ,

i th M armaduk e i n
ad vance . The weathe r was stormy and co l d andas the ,

armymo vedw i thout w agons or te nts th ,

e su fle ri ng o f the
me n parti cularly at ni ght was se ve re U pto a ce rta i n
, , .

p o i nt i t w a s i m po ssi b l f
e o tr h e e ne m t
y o te ll w h i ch r o a d
H i ndman i nte nd e dto take —th e Co ve Cree k ro ad w hi C h
wouldtake hi m i n front of H e rron o r the Cane H i ll ro a d
,
“B C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

w hi ch wo uld put him i n fro n t o f B l unt Whe n thi s po rnt .

was re ache d andi t was de ci de d to marchagai nst H e rro n ,

M o n ro e s b ri gad e o f Ark ansas cav alry was se n t do wn the

’

Can e H i ll ro ad o rde redto make Blu

, n t b e li e ve i t was the
ad v an ce gu ard o f th e mai n f orce M o nroe p . erfo rme d h is
wo rk so we ll that he e nti re ly dece i ve d B l un t A t the .

same time H i nd man wi thShe l by s bri gad e i n ad vance

’

, ,

mo ve d o ut o n the Co v e Cre e k road B e twee n dayli ght .

andsu nri se M armaduke struck H e rro n s cavalry ro ute d ’

i t too k n e arl y a hundred p

,
ri so n ers and dro v e i t b ack o n

the mai n bo d y The i n fan try w e re co min g o u

. t o f the
mo un tai n s j ust at the ti me the ca valry fight occurre d ,

and h e ari n g the firi n g and see i n g th e p ri so n ers mo vi n g

to the re ar the y w ere so i n sp
,
i re d andso eager to ge t i n to
the fight that w i tha sho u t they stru ck a do u b le qui ck o f -

the i r o wn acco rd .

Whe n he came to the di rect road connecti n g B l un t and

H erro n M armad u
,
k e se nt Go rdo n s re gi me n t do wn i t
’

wi tho rde rs to ho ld B l un t i n che ck at every co st Go rdo n .

ch o se a stro ng p osi ti o n anddro ve back e v e ry de tachme n t

se n t o u t o n that road whi ch i nd u , ce d B l u n t to make a

march no rtho f e i ght mi l e s and the n east fo ur mi l e s to
,

fo rm a j un ctio n wi th H erro n H i ndman s force co n siste d

.
'

o f M armad u k e s caval ry di visio n Parso ns and F ro st s

'
,
’ ’

M i sso u ri i n fan try d i vi si o n s and Shou ps and F agan s

''
,

Arkan sas d i vi si o n s Whe n H i ndman arri ve d on the fie ld

.

( D e ce mbe r 9th M armad u

) k e to ld h i m w he re H erro n w as

and ad v i se d an i mme di ate atta ck H i nd

. man o rde re d
Sho upto tak e p osi ti o n o n th e ce n ter and to attack H e r
,

ro n at o nce andvi go ro u sl y Sho u

.
p l e f t b u t re tu rn e d
, in
abo u t tw e nty mi n ute s andi n fo rmed H i ndman that he had
fo rme d hi s di vi si o n e n eche l o n—so that he co uld fro n t to
me e t an attack from e i the r H e rro n o r B l un t—and he
thou ght that the best di sposi ti o n to mak e F rost e n .

dorse d what Sho up haddo ne and bo th o f the m be i n g

,

Wes t Poi n te rs andpl ausi b l e talk e rs H i ndman permi tted ,

hi mse l f to b e pe rsuad e d to acce pt thei r vi e w andto l d ,

 C ON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 109

S houpto re tai n the p n h e hadtak en for the ti me b e

o si ti o

i ng H i ndman s
.
'
formati o n was M armad uk e o n the ,

ri ght F agan and Sh

,
ou p i n the ce n te r andParso ns and ,

F rost o n the l e ft .

F or thre e or fo u r h ou rs th e army re ma i n e d i n p o si ti o n

wi tho ut firi n g a gun O E to the so uthwe st the gli n t of

.

the su nli ght on the b ayone ts and muske t b arre l s o f

Blu n t s so ldi e rs co uld occasi o nally b e seen as the y wound
’

the i r way o ve r hi ll and vale in th e i r li n e o f marcho f

tw e l ve mi l es aro u nd H i ndman s le ft to fo rm a j un cti o n

'

wi th H erro n The n the attack came fro m the co mbi n ed

.

F e de ral fo rces H erro n was mu

. ch stronge r i n arti ll ery

than H i ndman and she ll e d hi s li n es fu

, ri o u sl y be f o re as

sau lti ng them wi thhi s i nf an try M armad u

'
ke s battery
.
,

under L i e ute nan t Co lli ns was force d to chan ge i ts po si

,

ti o n re p ea te dly The i n fan tryattack w

. as di recte d ch i efl y
a gai n st th e ce nte r andri gh t wi ng andw as gall an tl y me t
,

a nd su cce ssfu lly re pulse d b y F agan and M armaduke .

The battl e was stu bbornl y co n te ste d b y bothsi des b ut ,

the Co nf ed erates ste adi l y gai ne d gro u nd and n e ver ,

y i e ld e d a foo t the y ha d ga i n e d O n t h e l e ft B l un t was

.

fierce l y assau l ti ng Parso ns who was bare l y ab l e to ho ld

,

hi s own b ut afte r an ho ur or mo re of fighti n g gathere d

, ,

all h i s stren gthandforce d B l u nt back to a li n e o f ti mbe r ,

whe n he i n turn was check e d b y a fi re o f thi rty pi e ces o f

arti lle ry masse d i n th e ed g e o f the w oo d s H err o n re .

fo rmed hi s b ro ke n ran k s andcharge d the ce n te r andri ght

agai n b u t wi th l e ss vi go r andd e te rmi n ati o n than the first
,

ti me andw , as d ri ve n back i n greater co n fu si on A li ttl e .

Op e n fie ld o f no t more th an fi fte e n or tw e n ty acres n e ar ,

the ri ght ce n ter o f the li n e was fo u g h t o,

v e r se v e ra l t im es ,

a nda F e de ral batte ryw as tak e n re tak e n andtak e n agai n

, ,

the l ast ti me b ya re gi me n t o f She l by s cavalry d i smou nt

’
,

ed , re mai ni n g i n the hands o f the Co nfe d erates .

A fte r the battl e one mi ghthave walk e d o ve r thi s field and

ne ve r step p e d o n t h e g ro und th e d e ad an d t
,
h e w o u nd ed

c o v e re d i t so th i ck l y N i ght cl ose d the fight wi th the Co n

.
1 10 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

fede rate s i n posse ssi o n o f the fie ld They hadadvanced.

thei r li ne s nea rly a mi l e B ut ne i ther H e rro nnor B lu

. nt
was whi ppedo r ho pele ssly disabled The rank and file .

o f th e Co nf e d e rate s co nfid e ntly e x pe cte d a re ne wal of

B ut as soo nas H i ndmanhadheard from hi s di vi si on corn

manders andco unte dhi s losses b e de te rmi ne dto re tre at .

carryi ng i t i nto flect The me n were stri pped o f thei r

c .

b lanke ts to muffle the whee ls o f the arti llery andam

muni ti o n wagons, andb y mi dni ght hi s army was o n the
ro adto Van B u re n, mo vi ng as si le ntly i n th e co ldmoo n

li ght as a co lumn o f sp M armadu ke , wi thShe lb y s

'
e c tre s .

b ri gade , remai ne d b e h i nd to care f or the ou nded and w

bu ry th e de ad The fi eldbe i ng i n the p
. osse ssi o n o f the

Co nf e de rate s, a fl a g o f tru ce w as se nt i n b y the com

mande r o f H e rro n s ca valry, aski ng permi ssi on to care

'

f or the F ede ral wo und edandb u rythe i r dea d Th e n i t ap .

e are dth H n h d a tedw i th the same pro mp

p at erro a re tre t
ness that H ind manhad M armaduke camp . e do n the fi e ld

that ni ght, andi n the morni ng the F ed e ral cavalry w as

g o ne .

H ind man ne ve r re co ve re d from the mi stake he made

in follo wi ng Sho ups and F rost s advi ce H e sa i d to
' ’
.

Marmadu ke almo st pathe ti cally, whe n he de te rmi ne dto

ou p and
gi ve the o rd er fo r re tre at, th at h e hadtru stedSh

F ro st andthe yhadru i nedhi m It w as not o nl y the loss

.

o f a b a ttle h e sh ouldhave wo n, i t w as the i rrevocab le e nd

o f a caree r o f an amb i ti o u s man, co nsci ou s of h i s ow n

cap aci ty f or co mmand ; andthe rei n w as th e b i tterne ss o f

the sting . The loss o f e ach army i n the b attle was se

, w
vere . The Co nfe d e rate loss i n killed ou nd edandmi s

si ng w as f ully r, 8o o The F ed
. eral loss w as e sti mate dto

b e gre a ter A mo ng the Co nf ede rate o fi ce rs ki lle dwe re

.

G e n E arly Stee n, command

. i ng a M isso uri b ri gad e ; Co l

one l G ri nste ad , command i ng a Mi sso u ri re gi me nt ; and

Co lo nel Yo ung, co mmandi ng an Arkansas regi me nt .
 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

H i nd man wi thd re wh
'

i s tro o ps to the A rk an sas ri v e r and

put the m i n campop po si te Van B u re n, l eavi n g a Te xa s

cav alry re gi me n t, u nder Co lo n e l Crump, o n the n orth

si de of the ri e r to v ho ld the e ne my i n check . B ut a f e w

an d came i n wi th them, d she ll ed H i ndma n s camp

an
'

across th e ri ve r H e the n marche d hi s army thro ugh

.

rai n and sto rm, o ve r mu ddy ro ads and across swo ll e n

streams to Li ttl e R ock
,
Sho rtl yafte r he was re li e ve d o f
.

command i n th e West and ord ere d to re p o rt eas t o f th e

M i ssi ssi ppi w he re , h e d i d th e Co n f e d e racy goo d se rvi ce

;
bu t hi s dream o f p o wer andco mma nd w as go ne n e ve r to

re tu rn .

M armadu —
k e remai ne d wi th hi s di vi si o n She l by s b ri '

g a d e an d a n e w b ri g a d e co mm and e d b y C o l o n e l Porte r
f or so me ti me at D ri p pn g Spri n gs andi n the vi ci n i ty o f
i
Le wi sbu rg whe n he w ,
as o rd e re d to stri k e th e F e d e ral

li n e o f communi cati o n and su pp l y b e tw e e n S pri n gfie ld

andR o lla i n M i sso u
,
ri andforce B l u
on the A rk an sas ri ver w h e re h e w
,n t to le t go hi s hold
as a menace to Li ttl e
,

R ock . Porte r mo v edf ar to the ri ght wi thi n stru cti ons to

swi n g aro u nd o n Spri n gfie ld She l by acco mpan i e d b y .

,

M armad u ke too k the mo re direct ro ute pi ck i n g uphe re

, ,

andth ere a F e d e ral garri so n i n so me ou t o f the way to wn - - -

as h e w e nt Cap t B e n E lli o tt o f Go rd o n s re gi me n t
’
. .
, ,

hadrecrui te d a battali o n o f pi ck e d men men k no wn f or ,

the i r steadi n ess co u rage and p ,

o w e rs o f endu ran ce and ,

the du ty o f cap tu ri n g th ese o u tlyi n g p osts de vo l ve d b

y
ri ght o f su pe ri o r capaci ty o n hi s co mmand .

M armad uke re ache d Spri n gfie ld earl yo nthe mo rni ng o f

J anuary8 1 86 3 Two mi l es fro m the to wn he di smo un te d
, .

hi s command and mo ve d up to the attack dri vi n g the ,

F e de ral o u tp o st be f ore h im Tho mp so n s re gime n t h e ld

’
.

the ri ght andGo rd o n s the le ft wi thCo ll i n s batte ry and

’ ’
,

J eans re gi me n t, commande d b y Li e ute nan t Co l o ne l

’
-

G i lk e y i n the cente r , whi l e M aj or E ll i o tt s ba ttali o n te

'
,

maine d mounte d andheld the ex tre me ri ght andCo lo ne l ,

1 12 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

M ac D o nalds unattache d
'
moun tedregi me n t he ld the ex
treme l ef t The li ne advanwdo ver the o p
. en p rai ri e nu

der a heavy arti ll ery fire Spri ngfie ld was stro ngly fo rti
.

fie d I n si de the to wn we re hea vy e arthworks flank e d

.
,

b y ri de p i ts anddee pd
- i tches andon the ou
, tski rts w as a

stro ng stockad e p ro tecte d b y th e gu ns o f the earthwo rks .

The garri son was commande d b y G e n e ral B ro wn and ,

n e i the r b e nor hi s men appe ared at all di sturbe d b y the

de mo n strati o ns be i n g made agai nst the m H i s so ldi ers .

marche d to thei r place s wi th perf ect ca lmn ess and he , ,

wi th hi s stafi and a stro ng e scort ro de out andtoo k a ,

cri ti cal vi e w o f th e nu mbe r anddi sposi ti o n o f hi s assai l

an ts Bu
. t f o r all th at h i s escort was charge d andscat
,

te redandhe w as se vere l y wou nde d be fore he reache d the

p r o tec ti o n o f hi s fo rti fica ti o n s a gai n The who le Co n
.

fe d e rate li n e charge d ando ne pi ece o f arti ll ery was ca p

tu re d b u t that w
,
as all The F ede rals fire d the bu
. i ldi ngs
ou tsi de o f the ir l i n e o f f orti ficati on s andthe Co nfe d erates
,

fo ught wi ththe smo k e andthe flame i n thei r face s The .

me n w e re fal li n g fast andgai ni ng no pe rman e n t advan

tage She l by ledthe charge i nto the to wn andbea t back
.

e ve ryth i n g that o pp ose d h i m i n the streets b ut was nu ,

e qu al to th e e ff o rt w h e n i t came to assau l ti ng the heavy

e arth works andstockade .

The pl ace w as stro nge r i n me n andde f e nses than M ar

maduke hadbee n ledto be li e ve There was no thi n g f o r .

i t b ut to p ro te ct h i s troo p s as w e ll as h e co u ld andw ai t ,

f o r ni ght to en ab l e hi m to wi thdraw successfull y Po r .

te r s b ri gade hadno t come u p andhe was compe ll e d to

'
,

make the attack wi th hardl y more than half hi s fo rce .

H adPo rter 8 b ri gad e be e n p re se n t th e resu l t mi ght have

'
.

be en di fi erent The ca pture o f Spri ngfield ho w e ver

.
, ,

was no t the primary o bj ect o f the e xpe di ti o n It was to .

cu t Blu n t s li n e o f communi cati o n and suppli es andto

'
,

comp el h i m to ab and on th e u ppe r A rkan sas ri ve r To .

accomp li sh this M armaduke turn edhi s atte n ti o n to the

,

ro ad be tw ee n Sp ri n gfie ld andR o lls andd estro ede ve r

, y y .
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 18

thi ng o n i t like ly to b e of use to B lunt o r the F e de ral

co mmande rs so uth o f R o lla Thi s was e asi ly do ne f o r
.
,

the F e d eral f orce at Sp ringfie ld re mai ned there b e hi nd

the i r f o rti ficati o ns and made no e fi o rt to i nte rf e re wi th

,

hi m There we re nume ro us depo ts o f supply a lo ng the

.

road ,
andth ese w ere destro ye d to ge ther wi th te le g ra ph
,

were pture d or di spe rse d H e re mai ne d o n thi s li ne

ca

f or a w ee k and co mp le te ly d estro yedall commu ni c a ti on

b etwee n R o lla andp oi nts fu rth e r sou th .

A t Sand Spri ng Po rte r j oi ne d hi m andhe le f t the ,

R o lls road and mo ve di n the d i recti on o f M arshfi e ld, i n

We b ste r co unty On the seco nd day s march f ro m
.
'

M arshfield P t in d v n m t h v f f F ed
,
o r e r a a ce e a e a y or ce o

e ral cavalry o n the mai n road b e tw ee n M arsh fi e ld a nd

H artvi lle andpromp,
tl y attackedi t The F e d
. e rals g a ve

way andi twas a race b e twee n the two co l umns o n di ff e r

e nt road s for H artvi l le J ust b e fo re re achi ng that po i nt
.

the re w as a co nsi d erab le stream to b e cro sse d a nd the ,

crossi ng w as d i sp uted b y a stro ng body o f F ede rals b ut ,

Porte r d rove th e m b ack andcro sse d M armaduk e was

.

i nf orme db y h i s sco uts that the F e de rals were re tre a ti ng

f rom the to w n and , w
, i t ho u t w a i ti ng f o r S h e lb y t o co m e

up ordered Porte r fo rward who o b e yedthe order, m o v

, ,

i ng i n col u mn wi tho ut advance guardo r fianke rs

,
T he .

Federal wagons were l e avi ng the to w n b ut the F e de ra l

,

so ld i ers w er e amb u shed i n a he avy b lack j ack thi c k e t -

b o rde ri ng the road wi th a stro ng rai l f e nce o n the o the r

,

si d e Whe n Po rter go t well i n the trap the conce a le d

.
,

li ne rose andpoure di nto hi s e xte nde dfla nk a terri fic fi re .

In a n i nstant hi s co mmandwas a stru li n m a ss o f me n

gg g
a nd h orse s T he y co u
. l d no t charge i nto t e h sc r u b o a k -

t i c e t andthe f e nce he dthe m firm y o

h k ,
l l n th e o th e r si d e .

A s sp eed ily as the y co u ldPo rter andhi s o fii ce rs g o t th e

me n on mo re o pen gro und but the F ederals f o ,

l lo w e d
the m cl ose l y firi ng vo ll yafter v ll y i nt them
,
e o e o a n d P 7 3 ’

ve nti ng the m rallyi ng andre fo rmi ng .

l o 8
1 14 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R K

Shelb y in the rea r he a rdthe uproar, andwi th i ntui ti ve

ders b e ru shedh i s commandfo rw ard cro ssedthe stre am ,

at th e neare st p o int and d i smo u nti ng hi s me n cha r g ed

, ,

throu g h an O pe n fie ldto gai n po ssessi on o f the f ence a nd

strike th e ene my i n fl ank B ut the Fe derals he ld the .

fence wi th terri b le tenaci ty andtw i ce hi s b ri gade was ,

b e ate n back The third ti me b e accompli she dh

. i s pu r

pose drove the e nemyb e fo re hi m andsavedPo rter s b ri

'
,

gad e andth e d ay B ut the loss w. as fearf u l C ol Jo hn . .

M Wi me r and001 Emme t M acD o naldwere ki lle d a nd

. .
,

many othe r fie ld and company o ffi cers Co l Jo hn C . . .

Porte r w as sh o t f rom h i s ho rse andse ri o u sly wo u nde d ,

at th e h eadof h i s troop s She l b y me nti o nedo f his co m

.

mand Maj G R Ki rtle y and Capt C M T urpi n of

,
. . . . . .
,

the Fi rst ki lle d; Cap ,

tai n D u puy o f the Seco nd lo s t a , ,

leg ; andCap t Washi ngton M cD ani el o f E lli ott s sco uts

'
.
, ,

fe ll wi tha b ulle t throughhis bre ast j ust as the e nemy te

treated Li e utenant R oyste r w
. as l e ft o n th e fi e l dba d ly
wo unde d; Captai ns Cracker B urkho lde r, J arre tt a nd ,

We bb o f the Seco nd, were also seve re lywo unde d; C a pt

, .

J ames M Garre tt fell in the front of the fight Capta i ns

. .

T homp so nandL angho rne andL i e u te na nts E lli o tt H ane y

, , ,

G raves H u fi Willi ams B u

, ,
llard and B u lkl e y w
,
ere a lso

se ve re ly w ou nde d She lb y w as h ard h

. i t on the he ad ,

andh i s lif e was savedb y the b u ll e t glanci ng o n a g o ld

badge he wore on hi s hat .

That ni ght J anu ary n th th

,
e d e ad w ere b u ri ed b
y ,

starli ght andth ,

e next morning th e co mmandmo vedslo w

ly andso rro w fully southward Co l John M Wi mer a nd . . .

C01 E mme t M acD o naldwe re ci ti z e ns o f St Lo u

. is Co l . .

o ne l Wi mer h ad b e e n mayo r o f the ci ty andw as u ni ve r

sal ly re sp ecte d Co lonel M acD o naldwas b o rnandrea re d
.

there and though a mu

, ,
ch yo u nge r man than Co lo nel
Wi mer was almost as we ll known and as hi ghly re
,

sp ected The b o d . i es o f b o th were take n to the ci ty b y

the i r fri e nd s fo r b u ri al B ut the pro vost marshal the re,
.
 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TO R Y . 1 15

Frankli n A D i ck, re f use d to allow the m de ce nt a nd

.

Chri sti an b u ri a l , and h ad th e ir b o d i es taken f ro m the

houses o f the i r fri e nds at ni ght and b uri ed i n unk no wn
andu nmarke dgrave s in the co mmon p o tters fi e l d
'
.

The re trea t to Arka nsas w as a se vere o ne . I t was no w

the mi d dle o f anu
J ary, andth e w ea th e r su dde nly b e ca m e
ve ry co ld The ch
. ange w as u sh e re di n b y a sno w, w hi ch
lasted te n ho urs The sno w covered the earth to the
.

de pth o f nearly two f ee t, and, f re e z i ng o n tap, m a de

marchi ng di fi cult and dange ro us to man and ho rse .

M any o f the men we re p o orly clad andsu ff ere d gr e a tly,

so me o f th em h avi ng th e ir h and s andf e e t frozen . D a vi d
so n s command o f F e d e ral cavalry f o llo w e dh ard a f te r.
'

f o rci ng the me n to kee pwi ththe co lu mn andpre ve nti ng

them stopp i ng at f armhouse s f o r any le ngtho f ti m e . At
last B a te svi ll e w as reach ed , andth e w armth o f the hw

p i tali ty wi th w h i ch the comm a n d w a s re ce i v e d b y th e

g e n ero us p p
eo l e t h e re m a de am e n d s f or a ll th e h ard sh i ps

o f th e camp ai gn .
 C H APTE R XII .

THE MI SS O UR I
BR I GA D E S O PPO SE G RAN T B ELO W
V —
I C KSB U R G D E ATH O F CO LO N E L W ILLI AM WAD E
—
—BAT’I‘LE O F PO R T G I B SO N BA T TLE O F B AKE R S ’

CRE E K THE — M ISSO UR IA N S SA E THE V

AF F AIR AT B IG B LA CK R I E R SI EG E O F V ICKS— V
— V —
B U R G PR O IS IO N S FAIL G E N E R AL GRE E N AN D
—
CO LO N E L IR WI N KI LL E D SUR R E ND ER O F TH E
C ITY AN D TH E ARMY D E AT H O F G E N ERA L BO WEN
-

—TH E MI SSO U R I B RI GAD E .

FTE R the b attl e ofCo ri nth and the e xtr i cati on o f

the army from th e cu ld e sac
- -
e twb e en tw o ri vers

and tw o Op posi ng armi es j n whi ch i t ha dbee n

ca u ght, b y the co o lness and practi cal mili tary se nse O f
Ge neral Pri ce , the F i rst andSe cond Mi ssou ri b ri gad es

e ncamp ed on th e n tho f F e b ru ary ,

1 8 63 , ne ar w hat had
o nce b e e n th e p leasant li ttle ci ty o f G randGulf , to rest,
reo rgani ze andre cu pe rate Ge ne ral B o we nassumedcom
.

mando f the Fi rst ri gade , wi th the F irst andthe Third

b
M i sso uri cavalry still i n the Se co nd ri gade , u b nde r Gen
e ral G reen . Bu t Ge ne ral Bo we n, b e i ng the ranki ng
o fi ce r, w as sh ortly af te r assi gne d to th e comman dof
the d i vi si o n, andCo lo ne l Co ckre ll was agai n i n charge o f
the Fi rst b ri gad e . H ere they re mai ned d uri ng the res t
o f th e w i nter andwell into the sp ri ng, varyi ng th e mo .

noto ny o f camp li fe b y occasi o nal i ncu rsi ons i nto th e

co u ntry o n the we st si d e o f the M i ssi ssi

pp, i a nd , f o rti fic a~

ti o ns havi ng b ee n constru cte d o n th e ri ver si d e o f th e

camp and arme d w i th heavy g u ns, i n fighti ng F ed e ral

i roncladgu nb oats
I n o ne o f these fights Co l Wi lli amWad
. e w as i nstantly

ki lled H i s b atte ry, whi ch had se rve di n the M i ssou

. ri
S tate Guard, was the fi rst organiz ati on to go i nto the
 CON FE D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . ll?

Co n fe d e rate se rvi ce — i n D e ce mbe r, 3 86 1 Du ri n g the.

tw o years andmore th at h ade lap se d h e h adbe e n o n co n

stan t d u ty, and o n accou n t o f hi s so ld i e rl y qual i ti e s and

hi s d i sti n gui she d se rvi ce s, he had be e n p ro mo te d fro m

cap tai n o f a b attery to co l o n e l o f arti ll e ry The re was .

not a mo re p opular o r a mo re de se rvi ng o fii ce r i n the

M i sso uri co mmand, ande ve ry so ldi er fe l t hi s de athas a

The gun boa t fight i n w hi ch Co l o n e l Wad e hadbe e n

k ill e d was de si gn e d o n the part o f the F ede rals to cl ear

the way f o r crossi ng Ge n e ral G ran t s army from the w est '

to the e ast si d e o f the ri ve r thu s e n ab li n g h

,
i m to attack
V i cksburg fro m the so uth and e ast The cro ssi ng was .

e fi e cte dj ust be l o w the mo u tho f B ayo uPi e rre G e n e ral .

Pembe rto n who was i n co mmand at V i ck sb u

,
rg se n t tw o ,

small b ri gad es Tracy s andB ald w i n s co mp o se d mo stl y

’ '
, ,

o f ne w re cru i ts to re i n fo rce the M i sso u

,
ri ans Ge n . .

M arti n Gree n wi th ,
me n me t G ran t s army o n the
,
’

so u th bank o f B ayo u Pi e rre andre si ste d i ts ad vance all

ni ght I n the mo rni ng a fte r he was re i n fo rce d b y
.
,

Tracy s and B aldwi n s b ri gad e s a nd af te r a two ho u

’ ' ’
, rs

fight i n w hi ch Ge n e ral Tracy was ki ll e d he re ti re d ,

sl ow l y andi n go o d o rd er to a ran ge o f b i lls so uthwe st o f

Po rt Gi bso n whe re Ge n e ral Bo w e n me t hi m andtoo k
,

co mmand .

E arl y o n the morn i n g o f the rat o f M ay the Thi rd ,

F i fth andSi x thM i sso uri i n fan tryw e re marched to w i thi n

stri k i ng d ista n ce o f the fie ld o f b attl e andh e ld i n re se rve .

The Se co nd i n fan try was l e ft to d e fe nd the tre n ches at

Grand Gul f andthe F i rst was p
, o ste d o n th e n orth ban k

o f B ayo u Pi e rre n ear i ts mo u th to p re ve n t th e e n emy

crossi ng andge tti n g i n re ar o f th e l i ttl e army The Si x th .

was de tache d andse n t to re po rt to Ge n eral Green who ,

hadbe co me e ngage d o n the ne wli n e Gre e n s co mmand

'
.

co n sti tute d the ri ght wi n g and Co ckre ll s the l e ft wi n g

'
.

The re was no ce n ter I n a short ti me the ri ght w ing

.

was force d back andi t be came apparent that the e n emy

,
 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR I’ .

were ut to se cure poss essi o n of the bri dge acro ss the

ab o

b ayo u and b lock the o nl y li ne o f re tre at of the army .

Ge ne rals Bo we n and Co ckre ll in p e rson leda ch a rge o f

the Th i rdand F i fth o n the ri ght to re li e ve the pressu re

on th e le ft The me n crosse do ne ravi ne twenty f e e t i n

.

wi dthand twe lve f e e t i n de pth succes sfully and soo n ,

came to ano the r e q ually as wi de anddee p, whi ch was

,

sw ep t b y the artillery and mu ske try fire o f th e ene my .

T his the y cou ld not cross b ut f ell b a ck i n go od orde r to

,

the first ravi ne andhel dthe f u rth e r si de o f that I n an .

ho u r s fight th e y lost i n ki lled andw ou ndedtw enty p

’
er

ce nt o f th e i r nu mb er B ut the charge accompli she di ts

.

u u i li e ve d th p ure o n G re e n s
’

p p r o se b eca s
,
e t re e re ss

wi ng and le f t the way o pe n f or re tre at In i ts na ture .

the ch arge w as a f o rl o rn h op e I t was a desp e ra te m o ve

.

o f o ne p art o f the co mmandto save th e re mai nd er In .

the final charge b y G re e n o n the l e ft the ene my was ,

che cke d and B o we n gi ven ti me to w i thdraw th e ri ght

wi ng whi ch was f ollo we d b ythe left

, , the Si x th b e i ng the

As soo n as the b ri dge was crosse d the co mmandhalte d

,

an dthre w up e arthworks to ho ldi t agai nst the e ne my .

Bu t o n th e ni gh t o f the ne xt d ay th e posi ti o n was a b an

doued and o n the 4th Bo we n e fi ecte da j uncti on wi th

,

Pe mb e rto n on the B i g B lack, andi mmed i ately proce e ded

to co nstru ct f orti fica ti o ns to p ro tect the rai lro ad b r i d ge
across th at ri ve r Th e f o rtificati o ns b e i ng co mp
. le te d the ,

army mo ved eas tw ard and on th e 1 th o f

5 M ay
b i vou acke don B ake r s Cre e k The F e d e ral and th
'
. e Co n

f ederate armi e s we re camp ed w i thin a mi l e o f e a c ho the r ,

and th e i r camp fire s at ni gh t sho wed the lo ca ti o n a nd

gave an ap pro xi mate i de a o f the stre ngtho f each Pe ru .
.

b e rto n s f orce co nsi stedo f the d i vi si o ns o f Lo ri ng B o wen

’
,

andSte ve nso n Lo ri ng s d i visi o n w as a b o u

’
. t 6 o o o stro ng ,

and B o we n s l ess than Ste ve nso n s d i vi si o n was

’ ’

la rge r, consi sti ng o f three b ri gad es andw as a b o u

, t 7 o oo ,

strong The battle line was f o rmedacross the ro ad wi th

.
,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 19

Lo ri n g on the ht, Ste ve n so n on the le ft and B o w e n

ri g

i n the ce n ter T he M i sso u

. ri ans, h owe ve r, w ere mo ve d

abo u t fro m p o i n t to p oi n t d u ri n g the morn i n g, andat

noo n w ere forme d on a ri dge i n a corn fie ld abo ut a mi l e ,

fro m the i r o ri gi nal posi ti o n A fter an arti ll e ry du

. e l of

half an ho u r be tw e e n th e b atte ri e s o f Wal shandL and i s

anda se cti o n o f G u i b o r s and a greate r n umber o f F ed

'

e ral gu n s i n whi chthe e n e my w ere w o rste d and finall y

,

co mp e ll e d to wi th dr aw Gran t hurl ed a he avy i n fan try

,

fo rce agai n st Ste ve n so n o n the l e ft andafte r an ho ur s

,
’

fighti n g dro ve hi m back i n co nf u si o n B o we n s d i vi si o n

’
.

was o rde re d to suppo rt Ste ve n so n andre store the b ro k e n

l in e
. As the M i sso u ri ans p asse d Ge neral Pe mbe rto n

the y chee red h i m brave ly and pl u n ged i n to the fight ,

Co ck re ll lead i n g the Fi rst b ri gad e i n fro n t wi th G re e n at ,

the he ad o f the Se co nd b rigad e cl ose be hi nd h im Fro m .

the firi n g o f the first gu n the fighti n g was desp e rate .

The gro und i n d i sp ute was a se cti on o f hi ghhi l ls and

de ep ho llo ws The li n e force d i ts way tho ughstub
.
,

bornl y oppo se d andi n a sho rt ti me recapture d the arti l

,

le ry l ost b y Steve n so n s di vi si o n andcap ture d o ne o f th

’
e

e n e my s batte ri es The l i n es w ere so cl ose andthe fight

’
.

i ng was so fu ri ou s that there w as no p l ace f or arti ll ery .

It w as man to man andmu sk e t to mu sk e t The gro u . nd

was fo ught o ver three ti me s A s the e n emy was bo rn e
.

b ack the Mi sso u ri an s we re co n fro n tedwi thnewli n e s and ,

re co i l i n g te mp o rari l y be fo re the se the y re n e wed the

,

assau l t andat o ne ti me fo ught the i r way to wi thi n si ght

,

o f the e n e my s ord n an ce trai n the wagons o f whi ch

’
,

w ere be i ng turn e d anddri ve n to the re ar .

I n thi s e x tre mi ty G ran t be gan to mass troo p s o n bo th

flan ks o f the di vi si o n and B o wen fo und hi mse lf co n .

ro n te db y an e n e my grea tl ystro n ge r th an h i co mmand

f s ,

co nsi sti n g o f th e tw o M i sso u ri b ri gad e s andth e Tw e lf th

Lo u i si ana re gi me n t no t e xcee di ng
, me n The .

e n e my w as on th we si des l e avi ng o nly hi s re ar ope n

, .

U nd er these ci rcu mstan ces i t was necessary f or Bowen to

120 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

fa ll back A s i t was o ne F e de ral re gi me n t go t i n hi s

.
,

rear b u t comi n g in range o f Landi s battery i t was

’

dri ve n back the way i t came b y his fire The lo ss o f the .

di vi si o n was terri bl e The de ad andwounde d o f bo th.

armi es lay i n p i l es o n the hi ll si des andi n the ho l lo ws .

The d i vi si o n at the most cri ti ca l p

,
oi nt h ad bee n h url e d
,

i n to the stru l e wh ere i t w as h o ttest andl e f t to fight i t

gg ,

ou tu n ai de d Lo ri ng s di vi si o n was not e ngage d b ut he

.
’
,

and Ste v e n so n l ost all the i r arti ll e ry wh i l e Bo w en d , id

no t l ose a gu n In the re tre at Lo ri ng mad e hi s way to
.

Ge n eral J o hn ston s co mmand A mo n g the ki ll e d o f

’
.

B o we n s co mmand was Co l o ne l M cK inne y w ho was an

'
,

e x ch an ge d p ri so n e r cap tu re d in n orth M i sso u

,
ri wh i l e

re cru i ti n g andwas maki ng hi s way to the Trans M i ssi s

,
- ~

si p p i d e p ar tm e n t H e. h a d ab o u t 1 00 men wi thh i m a n d ,

had attache d hi mse l f te mp o rari l y to th e F i fth M i sso u ri

i n fan try . Amo n g the mortally wou nde d was Li e u

te nan t Co lo ne l H u
- bbard o f the Thi rd i nf an try The Co n .

fe d erate l oss i n the b attl e is gi ve n at ki ll ed and

wo unde d and , pri so n e rs and the F ed e ral l oss as,

k i lle d andwounde d .

F rom this stri ck en fie ld Pe mbe rto n fe ll back to the

rai lroad b ri dge across th e B i g B l ack ri v er andh i s me n ,

occu p i e d t h e f o r t ifi ca t i o n s t h e y h ad co n str u c te d the re a

f e wdays b e fo re The Fi rst M i ssou
. ri bri gade w as o n th e
'

ri gh t o f the rai lro ad the Se co nd M i sso u , ri bri gad e o n th e

l e ft and V aughn s bri gade i n the ce n ter Ste ve nson s

,
’
.
’

d i vi sio n was held i n rese rve o n the O pposi te si de o f the

L andi s batte ry was placed o n the b l u
'
ri v e r . ff s o ve rl oo k
i ng the forti ficati o n s and the o the r ei ghte e n gu ,
ns o f
lan te d i n the red au s ando n th
'
B o we n s arti ll e ry w ere p e

p pa ra e t s o f t h e fo r ti fi ca t i o n s S te ve n so n '
s.
gu ns altho u gh ,

tu re d b y th e M i sso u ri an s a t B ake r s Cree k a fter

'
recap

they had be e n l ost h ad be e n l e ft o n th

, e fie ld, becau se
there w ere no ho rses to hau l the m away .

A t dayli ght on the mo rni n g o f the 1 7 th the e n e my

Op e n e d fire wi th so me he a vy gu ns whi ch were an sw ere d,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 21

b y B o we n
'
s li ghte r arti ll e ry . The n ul t was mad e
an assa

o n th e F i rst Mi sso u ri b ri gad e and re u

, p l se d T h e n .

Sherma n s co rp i n so l i d co l u mns si x li n e s de e p
’
s , ,

assa u l te d Gree n s bri gad e o n the l e ft, andwas re cei ve d

’

wi th a wi the ri n g fire B ut at thi s cri ti ca l momen t the

.

ce n te r b ro ke andfl edto th e re ar l e a vi n g a wi d e
, g pb e
a

tw e e n B o we n s ri ght and l e ft wi n gs A t o n ce the F ed

’
.

e rals dash ed p as t G re e n s b r i gad e andfill e d the o p e ni ng

’

le ft b y V au G ree n s bri gad e was sur

'
ghn s bri gade
’
.

ro u nded andmore than hal f o f i t captured A mo ng the .

i n w C l o n e l G ate s andmost o f th e me n o f h
p r so ers e re o is
tri e d and v e te ran re gi me n t Those o f the bri gade w
. ho
e scap ed d i dso b y sw i mmi n g the ri ve r The me n o f the .

F i rst bri gade re mai n e d i n the ri fle p i ts u n ti l o rde redo ut

-

b y Co l o n e l Cock re ll andthe n i t was a foo t race be tw ee n

,

the m andth e F e d erals f o r th e b ri dge The M i sso u

. ri an s

won i t tho ugh so me o f the m were o ve rtak e n andhadto

,

su rre nd er M e o f the arti ll e ri sts re fuse d to l e av e the i r

.

g u n s ,
a n d w e re ca p t u re d i n t h e ac t o f l o ad i n g a n d fi r i n g
the m . All the artill e ry was capture d be ca use b y an , ,

o rd e r o f Ge neral Pe mbe rto n th e h o rse s h

, ad be e n tak e n

to the o the r si de o f the ri ve r andthe gu ns co uld no t b e

mo ve d The l oss o f the Co nfe de rates i n thi s aff ai r was
. .

e sti mate dat 2 60 ki ll e d andwo u nd e d and p ri so n ers ,

andth
‘
at o f th e F e d e rals at 3 00 ki ll e d andwo u nded T he .

p r i s o n e rs w e re a f t e r w ar d e xch an ge d and re tu rn e d to
the i r ce mma nd s at D e mo p o li s afte r th e fall o f V i ck sbu rg .

Co l E li j ah G ates e scap
. e d tw o da y s afte r h i s cap tu re b u t ,

co u ld no t reachhi s co mmand at that ti me The ad van ce .

o f th e F ed e ra ls w as sto p pe d b y the arri val of Ge n M L . . .

Smi ths d i vi si o n fro m V i cksburg whi ch fo rme d o n the

’
,

brow o f the hi ll andallo wed the re mn an t o f the be ate n

army to p ass th rou gh i t B y ni ght the troo p
. s reach ed

V ick sburg worn bro k e n and the i r ran ks deci mate d

, , ,

after h av i n g f o u g h t as v al i a n tl y as so ld i e r s e v e r d i d .

Th Fi rst M
e i sso u r i b ri ga d e w as re d u ce d t o r 6 00 — mo re ,

than o ne half —andthe Se co nd M i sso u

- ri b ri gad e to
122 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

Vi cksburg was the foca l po int of the war in the we st

.

I t command e dth e navi gati o n andco mme rce o f th e M is

si ssi ppi ri ve r, andas l ong as i t was he ldby the Co nfe de r

a tes kep t ap racti cal li ne o f co mmuni cati o n o pe n b e twee n

the Trans M i ssi ssi p

-
pi de partme nt andthe go ve rnment a t
R i chmond , an d the armi es i n Virgi ni a and the West .

The p ro longed and d espe rate fighti ng that had take n

place aro undi t, in the e fiort o f the F e derals to re duce i t,

b
hadmade i t an o j ect o f i ntere st to othse cti ons andto b
the ci vi li ze d wo rl d The to w n e xtends alo ng the
.

e astern b ank of the ri ve r ut a mi le anda ha lf and

ab o ,

back f rom the ri ve r abo ut a mi le It stands on an .

e le vate dp la teaub e twe e n the mo utho f the Yazo o o n the

northando f the Black on the so u th Immed . i a te ly o n
the ri ver i s a b i nd On the l o we r si d
. e o f th e to w na
cree k, w hi ch wi nds i ts way thro ughswamp s andb o ttoms,

e mp ti e s into the ri ve r, and makes ap p ro ach fro m th at

di re cti on difficult H i ghhi lls e xtendalong the ri ve r for

a mi le ab o ve . The ri ve r at thi s p o int make s a be ndand,

a p e ni nsu la o p p o si te th e to w n I t
. w as th ro ug h the i sth
mus whi ch connects the peninsula wi th the ma i n land
tha t the F e d e rals atte mp te dto ou t a canal andtu rn th e

cu rrent o f th e ri ve r .

The i ntrenchments aro und the ci ty w ere abo u t si x

mi les i n le ngthandtwo anda half i n wi dtha t the wi dest
p ar t a,n d w e re se m i ci rc
-
u la r in f or m E x.te ndi n g along
the ri ver front w ere th irty o ne heavy gu
- ns, and o n th e

hi lls in i ts re ar, andnorth andso uth o f i t, were a m ulti

tu de o f forts and redaus and a lab yri nth o f intre nch
,

ments andrifle pi ts I n the de fe nse o f the to wn S te ven

-
.

son s d i vi si o n was p o ste d o n th t, Smi ths o n th

'
e ri gh
’
e

le ft, F orney s i n the cente r and Bo wen s was he ld in

' '
,

re ser ve , i ts d uty b e i ng to succor those that neede d help

the most andstre ngthen the li ne whe re i t was w e a k est .

O n the e veni ng o f the 1 8th the e nemy ap pe a redi n f orce

andd ro ve i n the o u tlyi ng p i cke ts T he y so o n fo u
. nd the
weake st poi nt i n the line and o peneda heavy fire o n i t,
 C ON F E D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 28

an dthe bri gade was o rd e re d to the threat

F i rst M i sso uri

e ne d p oi n t I t hadsi x me n k i ll e d o r w o u
. nd e d—C o l o n e l
Cock re ll be i n g among the w o u nded—whi chwas the first
bl oo d O f the si e ge The n e xt mo rn i ng the b atte ri e s O f
the ene my Op e ne d b u t the gu ,n s O f the be si e ge d di dno t
rep ly The se gun s we re mann ed pri n ci pall y b y the
.

M i sso uria n s fro m the batteri es O f Wal sh L and i s and ,

Lo we whose gu , n s had be e n l ost at B l ack ri ve r andi t ,

has bee n re marke d as si n gu lar that they hadorders no t

to fire e x ce p t w he n charge d b y the e n e my s i n fan try
’
,

th ou g h th e re w as n o l ac k O f a mm u n i ti o n i mm ense q u a n ,

ti ti e s O f i t bei ng su rre nd e re d wi th th e to w n O n the 1 9th .

the M i sso uri bri gad e s w e re arme d wi th E nfi e ldrifl es ,

ve ry much to the i r dthe Fi rst M isso uri

sati s acti o
f n
,
an

Co n fe d e rate i nfan try i n a fight o n the l e ft ca p

, tu re d th e ,

b attle fiag O f the E i ghth M i sso u ri F ed e ral i n fan try The .

cann o n ad i n g fro m the gu n boa ts andthe land batte ri es as ,

we ll as the musk e try firi n g was i nce ssan t b ut the b e , ,

si e ge d too k no acti ve p art i n th e u proar e xcept whe n ,

the i r w o r ks w e re charge d O n the z e dthe F ede ral s O f

.

Ge n F rank B l ai r s di vi si o n made three fie rce assa ul ts on

'
.

the sto ckad e o n the l e f t o f the li n e b ut w ere re p ulse d ,

each ti me wi th grea t l oss b y th e Fi rst M i sso u ri bri gad e .

The Thi rd M isso u ri i n fan try th ou h

g p ro te cte d b, b
y re ast
wo rk s l o st fifty six ki ll e d and wo und e d and the o the r
,
-
,

re gi me nts o f th e b ri gad e l ost i n p ro po rti o n Thi s e xp e ri .

ment was so di sas tro us to the F e de ral s tha t they di dno t

mak e an o the r atte mpt to sto rm the w o rks duri n g the
si ege . B ut the y w e re at w o rk wi th the i r p i cks and
sp ad es u nd er co ve r O f co n stan t fire fro m the i r gun boats
,

a nd sh arp shoo ters O n the 2 7 th fi ve i ro n cl ads ste ame d

.

do wn the ri ver he ade d b y Co mmodo re Po rte r s fl agshi p

,
’

the Ci n ci nn ati anda t the same ti me fou

,
r o th e r i ro n clads

ap d f m b l w and o p e n e d a vi goro u s fire o n th

p e are ro e o e

uppe r and l o wer ba tteri es The large st o f the Co n fe d .

c ra te gu ns we re trai n e d o n the Ci n ci nn ati andwi th such ,

e fi e ct th at i t w as d i sa bl e d andsu n]: be fo re i t co u ld ge t
1 24 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

out of range .A fe w d ays af te r the e ne my mad e so me

demonstrati on o f re mo vi ng i ts armament, but a volunte e r

exp ed iti on fro m the Fi rst M i ssou ri ca valry le db y C a p
,

tain B arkl e y reached i t in yaw

,
ls, unde r co ve r O f ni g ht ,

andb u rnedi t to th e w ater s edge , the e ne my all the ti me

'

canno nad i ng them f ro m the p eninsu la Ge ne ral Pe m

.

b erton co mp li me nte dthe m for the i r d ari ng act i n ge ne ral

o rders .

Ab out the mi d dl e O f J une i t b eca me known tha t the

i t hadbe e n announce dthat the re we re p ro vi si ons e no u h

g
i n store to l ast si x mo nths, and i n l e ss than a mouth the
assi stant u arte rmaste r w h e last O f ou
q ro te : T r b ee f has

b e e n i ssue d, th e b re ad i s ma d e o f corn, ri ce andb e a n s

groundandmi x ed i nto a meal ; w e canno t p ossi b ly ho ld

"
ou t over tw enty d ays o n h alf rati ons. Even the si ck
had nothi ng b e tter than so upmade O f l ean mule m e at
ste w ed .A b arre l O f fl ou r so ldf o r $40 0. T he o nlym eans
O f commu ni ca ti o n o f the b esi e ged wi th the outer wor ld
was b y means of couri ers who floate ddo wnthe ri ver past
the gu nbo ats, co vere d w i th d riftw o od,
or p i cke d the ir

the like lihood O f b e i ng sho t at any mo ment B ut G e n

eral Bo w e n rece i ved h i s commi ssi on as maj or ge ne ral b y-

Ge neral Jo hnsto n
I nthe meanti me the si ege as p
. re ssed w
de sperate ly, the parallels approachi ng i n some place s
so close l y that the men cou ldtalk w i theacho ther, and
fre q uently gave e acho ther warni ng when to loo out f o r k
danger H andgre nades e re use di ns teadof b om she lls,
.
-
w b
and e verythi ng b e to ke ne d the comi ng o f the e nd The .

f o rt on the ackson road was b lo w

J n upb y the e x p lo si o n
o f a mi ne b
y the ene my, andthe F e de rals attem p te dto
charge thro ugh the b ut were re p
O pening
, ulse d b y the
Six th M isso uri and th e Thi rdLo u i si ana Co l E uge ne
. .

Irw i n, co mmand i ng the M i sso uri ans, w as ki ll e da t the

head Of hi s re gi me nt H e was a ra e sold

. b v i e r andan
 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 25

acco ge ntleman, and w

mpli she d as b e lo ve d a ndho no re d
b y all who kne whi m Ab o ut the same ti m e G e n M ar
.
. .

ti n E G ree n was kille di n th

. e tre nch es w hi le re co nno i te r
i ng o ne Of the e ne my s b a tte ri es
Si nce the b e g i nni ng
’
.

O f the si e ge he h ad li ve di n the tre nch es w i th the m e n,

alw ays rea d y to p e rf o rm any d uty tha t de vo l ve dupo n
hi m H e was a great so ldi e r o f the stu
. rd y , s i m l
p e type ,
andth e Co nf e deracy cou ldha e b e tter a ff orde d to lo se a v
more pre te nti ous O fficer .

On the rst o f J uly ano the r mi ne was

plo de d unde r ex
the f o rt o n the J ack so n road w i th te rri b le re sults to the
,

M i sso u ri troo p s The Six thM isso uri was o n duty the re
. .

The Se condhadjust b ee n reli e ved , andth e me n we re i n

c ampin a h o llo wa h und re dyard s to the re ar T he m e n .

of th e Si xth, Co lo ne l Co ckrell among th em w e re b lo wn ,

b o di l y i nto the ai r The Se co ndf ormed j ust b e hi nd the

.

ru i ns andstoo dp re pare dto mee t a ch arge f or mo r e than

an h ou r w i th fifty p
,
i e ces O f arti llery playi ng o n the m
an dno t a Co nfede rate gun fi ri ng in reply The S e co nd .

lost f o rty men ki lled and w ou nd e d most O f th e m k i lle d

, .

and ne ve r mo ved fro m th e ir p lace o r fire da sho t T he .

e ne m , tau h b f m i n d i d n e mp t
y g t y or e r e x pe r e ce o t a t t ,
a

c harge A mong the killed o f the Se co nd re gi m e nt was

ular o mce r
.

Li e ute nant Co lo ne l Se ntene y a b rave andp

-
, op .

On the 2 do f J u ly the l ast rati o ns were i ssue d T he y .

we re mule meat All ho pe O f outsi de ai dwas ab a ndo ne d

.

T he first note l oo ki ng to a su rrend er w as se nt o n the 3 d

of J uly The corre p . s o nd e nce co nti n u e d u n t i l n i n e

O cl ock o n th
'
e 4th w hen Ge ne r ,
al Pe m b e r to n w e n t o u t

a nd had a p erso nal intervi e w w i th n t

G e n era l G r a “ 1 ,

d
f ro nt o f the F e r e a l li n e w h i ch l as te d,
f o r a n h o u r a n d a

hal f. Bo th com m a n d e rs are rep o r te d t o h a v e b e e n v e ry

muchat the ir ease Grant mi ght we ll have b e e

.
n T h e
.

resu l t was the uncondi ti o nal surrender O f the to wn a n d t h e

9 1”
army The armyco mm i sed me n three ma j o r 8 -
. ,
Of
erals ni ne b ri gad
,
i er g e ne rals mo re than 90 pi e
-
,
c e s

a rti ller n d b ou t small a rms Of th e me n

y a a .
1 26 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

we re i n the ho spi tals and nearl y as man y more were

,

craw l i n g aro u nd i n what w ere ca ll ed co nvalwcent camps .

The fall O f Port H u dson fo llo we d cl ose ly after that O f

V i ck sburg and the Tran s M i ssi ssi ppi de p
,
- artme n t w as

i so l ate d andthe Co nfederacy sp li t i n tw ai n .

Whe n V i cksburg was first i n veste d Ge ne ral Pe mb e rto n

hadre queste d the non comb ata n ts espe ci all y the wo me n
-
,

andch i ld re n to l ea ve the ci ty andi nfo rmed them that

, ,

he wo uld re quest Ge n e ral G ran t to pass the m thro ugh

hi s li n es whi ch he hadno do ubt he w o uld do
,
B ut the . .

re qu est w as ge n erall y if no t e n ti re l y u
,
nhee de d The, .

i nhab i tan ts p re fe rre d to re mai n and sh are th e fa te O f

the i r ci ty andthe i r fri e nds The y hadbeco me accu stom e d

to the tu rmo i l anddan ger O f th e bo mbard me n t—for Po r

te r s fl ee t had k e p
’
t u p an i n ter m i tte n t fi re o n t h e m f o r

mo n ths andthe y hadl earn e d b y e x pe ri en ce ho wto pro

,

te ct the mse l ve s The y e x ca vate d h

. o l es i n th e h i lls
und ergro und habi tati o n s in fact whi ch fre q uentl y co n
, ,

si ste d O f se v e ral roo ms co mfo rtab l y fu

,
rni sh e d— i n to

w hi ch the y co uld re ti re whe n the dan ge r was great .

N o r we re the y actuate d b y any morbi d se nse O f curi osi ty

i n re mai n ing The wo me n fe l t the y hada d uty to p
. er

fo rm andthe y pe rfo rme d i t The de fe nders O f the town

.

we re falli n g d ai l y and ho urly The hospi ta ls we re .

cro wd e d wi th th e si ck and w o u nded The accommo da .

ti o n s f or the i r co mfort w e re O f the ru dest d escri pti o n .

The re was a d earthO f n u rse s and O f me d i ci n es The n .

,

li k e gl e ams o f li ght and sun shi n e the w o me n came to ,

the i r re li e f wi tho u
, t n o i se or oste n ta ti o n o r di splay .

Si mpl y dre sse d p a ti e n t ti re l ess andsy

, , mpathe ti c the y ,

ho ve red aro und the be ds O f the si ck andwo und e d no t ,

o nl y d u ri n g th e d ay b u t thro u g h th e l on g w atches O f
the ni ght and n u , rse d b ack to li fe and hea l th and
stre n gth man y a stri cke n he ro The n o b l e d e vo ti o n o f
.

the w ome n O f the So u th to the cau se o f snfi e ring h uman

'

i ty make s the b ri ghtest page o f the hi story of the w ar .

A fte r the su rre nd er Pre si d e n t D avi s te l e grap hed to

 CON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 1 27

Ge n eral Pemb e rto n hi s thank s to the ldi e rs O f the M is so

so u ri di vi si o n f o r th e i r gallan try du ri n g th e si e ge th ei r ,

p p
ro m t O b e d i e n ce t o O rd e r s a t a ll t i m e s a n d e sp e ci a ll y for ,

thei r servi ce as re se rves in strengthe ni ng e ve ry w e ak

p o i n t an d p o s i ti o n B u t
. th e g a lla n t co mm a nd e r O f that
di vi si on who hadmade i t the thunderbo l t i n war i t was
, ,

was dea d or dyi n g Ge ne ral B o we n was tak e n si ck at

.

V i ck sburg shortly af ter the surre nd e r b ut was co n v eye d ,

wi th the army as f ar as R aymo nd whe n hi s si ckn ess ,

assu me d suchan aggrav ate d fo rm that he was co mpe lled

to sto p H e gre w w o rse anddi e d at th
.
, at p lace o n the
1 3 th o f J u l y H e had attai n e d the ran k O f maj or gen
.
-

e ral and h
,
i s rep utati o n i n the army no t o nl y as a sci e n ,

ti fic so ldi er b u t as a hard fighter w as v ery h i gh O f the

,
.

y o u n g e r ge n e r a l o fi ce rs h e w as a m o n g th e m os t p r o m
i ne n t H e was co mpl i me n te d b y Be aure gard f o r the part
.

he too k at Shi l oh andb y B recki n ri dge f o r hi s se rvi ce at

,

B ato n R o u g e a n d h,
e sa v e d t h e ar m y b y th e s tu bb o r nn e ss

wi th whi ch he he ld the re ar after the battl e O f Cori n th .

H i s hi gh re p utati o n was i n creased b y the de te rmi n e d

fight he mad e at Port Gi bso n wi th a smal l fo rce andat ,

B ak e r s Cree k ando n the re treat to B l ack ri ver H e was

'
.

a stri ct di sci p l i n ari an b ut he ha d the aff ecti o n as we ll as

,

the estee m O f hi s men H e ran ks amo n g the firs t and

.

b est O f M i sso uri s hard fighti ng se lf sacrifi ci ng so ld i e rs

'
- -
, .

O n the 1 3 th O f September 1 86 3 n o ti ce O f the e x , ,

ch ange O f th e p ri so n e rs su rre nde re dat V i ck sb u rg w as te

ce i ve dat D e mo p o li s w h ere th
,
e y w e re q u arte re d Co l F . . .

M Cockre ll had i n the me an ti me be e n pro mo te d to

’

bri gadi er ge n eral The re gi me n ts O f the Fi rst andSec

-
.

0 ndb ri gad e s w e re conso li date d i n to o ne b ri gad e wh i ch ,

was af te rw ard kn o wn as the M i ssouri bri gad e andwas ,

u u nd h i mm nd T h e Fi rst andTh i d ca valry

p t er s co a . r

made a re gi me n t wi th G ate s co lo n e l ; Samue l s li euten

, , ,

ant co l o n e l ; Parke r maj o r

-
,
T he F i rst and Fou
. rth i a

f antry had be fore that ti me bee n co n so li date d The Se c

, ,
.

o nd and Si x th i n fan try we re co n so li d ate d wi th ,

IE C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

major Co lone l H udspe th O f the S ixth was re ti re db e

.

c au se o f w ou nd s M aj T M Carte r b y ri ght o f se ni o r
. . . .
,

i ty w ,
as e nti tl e d to th e command b u tw a i vedh i s clai m , ,

as d i do the r afi cers in f avo r o f Cap,

tain Flo u rnoy The .

F irst and Th i rd infantry w ere co nso li dated w i th Mc ,

Co w n, co lone l ; M cD o w ell li eu tenan t colo nel ; Will i ams

,
-
,

maj o r Co lone l Gause was se nt we st of the M issi ssi ppi

.

O n re cru i ti ng se rvi ce andLi eute nant Col o nels Be vi e r and

,
-

G arland we re o rd e re d to Ri ch mo nd to take charge of

e xch ange d M i sso u ri p riso ne rs o f w ar Thu s si x regi .

me nts o f i nfantry and one O f di smo untedcavalry were

co nso li d a tedi nto f o u r re gi ments w hi chco nsti tuted what .

was kno wn disti ncti ve ly as the M isso uri b ri gade .

A t the same ti me the b atteri es O f Wade Gu i b o r and ,

L and is w ere conso li date d i nto one fo u r gu n b a tte ry -

,

wi th G uib or captai n andWalsh M cBri de and H arri s

, , , ,

dated contai nedo ri gi nally 3 7 5 me n A t the en do nly 60

meara
.

we re le ft . The O h
at t e c ose o fl the war we re A . W
.

H arris, ca ptain ,
an d J MurpS M Ke nnard and
hy .
, . .

J D i cke nso n, li eu
. tenants These b atte ries w
. e re not
al one nor si ngu lar in the numb e r of men l ost The new .

c o nso li d a ted b ri gad e u nd e r Cockre ll w as b ut li ttl e more

than strong, b u t in i t we re all th e M issou ri ans left

O f th e who crosse dthe ri ver wi th Ge ne ral Pri ce,

e xce p t a f ew w ho go t permi ssi on to re turn to the west
si d e Thi s re mnant Ge ne ral Co ckre ll as d
. i li g e ntly
dri lledanddi sci pli ne dandpe rfe ctedi n the duti es o f the
so ld i er, in the camp at D e mo p o li s, as if th ey h a db een

that many re cru i ts O n the 3 6 thO f O cto e r the b ri gad

. e b
won a pre mi um f or the gre atest pro fici e ncy i n tacti cs i n
a grandd i vi si o n d ri ll he ldb y Ge neral oh nston, andno t J
l ong af te rwardi t was re vi e we db y Pre si de nt D a i s, who v
fl
c o m i mentedi t hi gh ly o n i ts so ld i e rly a ppe arance , the
machi ne like pe rf e cti o n of i ts mo veme nts andthe s plen
-

di dre cordi t hadmade .

 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

Ab out the first o f the ne wyear, 1 86 4, the b ri ga de was

o rde re d to Mob ile , b e cause o f a suppo sedmuti ny a m o ng

inary than re al . Whi le the re some o f the re gi me nts to o k

p ar t i n a compe ti ti ve dri ll o f re gi me nts f ro m the S ta te s o f

A l ab ama, T e nnessee , M i ssi ssi p pi , Texas and M i sso uri ,

wi thGe nerals H ardee andM aury as j udge s, in whi ch the
flag pre sente d b y the ladi e s o f M ob i le A f te r thi s the
.

b ri gade re turne d to i ts o ldcampa t D e mo p o li s was t e

,

armed w i th the finest gu ns and the best e qui pme nts the
Co nfederacy co uld afi ord, re e nli ste d f or the war,
- an d
was re ady to do i ts duty wi tha heart for any f ate .
 C HA PT ER XIII .

O PE RA TI O N S I N TH E TRA N S-MI SS ISS IP PI D E PAR TME N T

—G E N E R AL KIR B Y SMIT H ASS U M ES CO M MAN D MAR —
MA D U K E MA K ES A N E XPE D ITI O N IN TO M ISSO URI
T H E A F FA I R AT B LOO M F I ELD —BATTL E O F H E LEN A
— STE ELE M O V ES O N L I TTLE R OC K—B ATT L E O F
B AYO U M ETO —EVACU ATIO N O F L ITTLE R OC K
SH E LB Y PRE PAR ES FO R AN EXPE D ITIO N IN TO MI S
SO URI .

N the i March, 1 86 3 , Gene ral H o lmes was re

8tho f
li e ved o f the co mmand o f the Tra ns M i ssi ssi ppi -

de partme n t and Li e ut Gen E Ki rby Smi thas

, .
-
. .

su me d co n tro l .A t the same ti me Ge n e ral H o lmes

was assi gne dto the di stri ct o f A rkan sas i n cl udi n g I ndi an ,

Terri tory and the Sta te o f M i sso u ri G e n e ral Smi ths

’
.

he ad qu arters w ere at Sh re ve p o rt and Ge n e ral H o lmes

'

a t Li ttl e R ock . O n the rst o f A p ri l Ge n eral Pri ce h av ,

i ng re ache d the Tran s M i ssi ssi pp -

i de p artme n t w as as ,

signe d to the co mmand o f th e i n f an try di vi si o n command

e d b y Ge n e ral F ro st and F ro st w,
as gi v e n a bri gad e

The o nl y fo rce m n orth A rkan sas at that ti me e x ce pt ,

so me unattache dacompani es i n the northwest was ,

M armad uke s d
’
iv i si o n o f cavalry w hi ch was camp
, ed in

andaro u nd B ate svi lle All the i n fan try hadbe e n wi th

.

d rawn to Li ttl e R ock ando ther po i n ts o f the Ar kan sas

M armaduke s di vi si o n co nsi ste d o f She l by s
'
ri v e r
’
.

bri gade andPorte r s b ri gade The la tte r hadbe e n re

’
.

o rgan i z e d andw as k n o w n as Gre e n e s b ri gade’

.

E arly i n the spri n g M armad uke w e n t to Li ttle R ock and

g o t p e rm i ssi o n o f G e n era l H o lm es to ma k e a n e x pe di ti o n
i n so uthe ast M isso u ri f o r th
,
e p urpose o f re crui ti n g and
i n terfe ri n g wi th any pre p arati o n s the F e d e ral s mi ght b e

maki n g to i n vad e A rkan sas anddi sturb the repose o f the

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y. 1 31

co mmande r o f the di stri ct at Li ttl e R ock Ge n eral

.

H o lme s furthe r sho w e d hi s ap pro val o f the mo veme n t b y

temp o rari l yassi gni ng to Ge n eral M armad u k e Co l Ge orge
, .

W Carte r s b ri gad e o f Te xas cavalry, whi ch, wi th a fo ur

.
'

g u n b a tt er y , a gg re g at e d a b o u t t , 5 00 m e n T h
. i s gav e

M armad u k e a force o f about me n and two 4 gun -

batte ri e s ‘
. H e mo v ed A p ri l 2 0 th . The first garri so n e d
to wn afte r crossi ng the M i sso u ri li n e w as Patte rso n ,

whe re Co l o n e l Smart a n o tori o us maraude r was sta

, .

ti o ne dwi th an e qu all y n o to ri o u s mi l i ti a re gi ment M ar .

maduke parti cul arl y d e si re d to capture the re gi ment and

i ts co mmand e r and Co l o n e l Gi d d
'
,
i n gs o f Carte r s b ri
,

g a d e , w as g i ve n t h e h o n o r o f ta k i n g i n th e p e ts and
i ck
su rp ri si n g th e to w n whi l e She l by made a d e to ur w i th
,

the vi e w o f cap tu ri n g th ose w ho escape d . B ut G i ddi n gs ,

i n ste ad o f cap tu ri n g th e p i cke ts o r ch argi n g th e m and

e n te ri n g th e to w n w i th the m o pe ne d on the m two mi l es

,

fro m to w n wi th a se cti o n o f arti ll e ry and Smart andhi s

,

re gi me n t too k to i n stan t fl i gh ,
t no t tak ing ti me i n the i r
haste to destro y so me val uab l e commi ssary andquarter
master stores .

M armad uk e l e arne d that G e n J ohn M cN e il o f i nf a

.
,

mous me mory was at B l oo mfie ld wi th ab out

, me n ,

and u nder orde rs to mo v e to Pi l o t K n o b Of all me n in .

the Sta te the M i sso uri troo p s wo uld rather have capture d
M cN e il M armad uk e se n t a strong fo rce to dri ve hi m
.

to ward Pilo t K n o b i n te ndi n g to i n te rce p

, t hi m at F re d
182 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TAR Y H ISTOR Y .

e ri ckto wn b ut wi thi nstructi on to the commande r o f the

,

force , i t he re trea tedto ward Cape Gi rardea u a stro ng l

y,

f ortifi e dpost on the M i ssi ssi p pi ri ve r, not to f o llo whi m,

j
b ut to re o i n the mai n b od y at Fre d e ri ckto w n Co lo ne l
.

Ca rter soli ci tedandob taine dco mmandof the force He .

had hi s o w n b ri gad e , and w as gi ve n ab o u t half o f

G ree ne s b ri gad Marmadu ke , w i th She lb y s b ri gade
’ ’
e .

andth e o th er half o f G ree ne s, reache dFred e ri ckto w

’
non
ti me , b u t there w as no si gn no r so u nd o f McN eil or Car .

ter . H e wai te da d ay, andthen mo ve dh i s co mmandto

j ackso n, about half way to Cape Gi rardeau Then he .

wai te d again, i n the meanti me sendi ng sco uting part i e s

i n e ve ry d i re cti on i n search o f Carte r A t the e nd o f
.

tw o d ay sh e learnedth at M cN e il hadgone to Cap e Gi rar .

de an and that Carter, b e co mi ng e x ci ted i n the chase ,

hadfo n ow edh i m, and that M cN e il was insi d e the f orti .

ficati ons w i th a large ly i ncreasedfo rce , andCarte r out

si de andu nab le to ge t away .

I t too k ano ther d ay to march to C ap e G i rard e aua nd

extri cate Carter f ro m h is dange rou s p osi ti o n

. This was

gi vi ng M cN e i l all he co uldd o to d e fendh i mse lf I n the .

attack Sh e lb y lost forty five men ki lled and w

-
ound ed,

w
and as comp e lled to le ave u nd e r th e care o f a su
rge o n

a nu m
mb er o f o eara andmen who were too b adly hurt to
b e re mo ved M armad . uke go t b ack to j ackso n on the
ni ght o f the nex t d ay, havi ng los t f o u rd
'
ays b y Carte r s

escap ad e —Sh e lb yre achedFre d e ri ckto w n on the morni ng

o f th e 3 3 d and M armad uke returned to j ackso n on the
e ve ning, a6th -andgi ven th e e ne myti me to mass a h ea vy

f o rce i n hi s f ro nt B e fore d.ay li ght, o n the morni ng o f

the a7th, he commence dhis retreat, w i th Ge neral Van ~

di ver and a large r f orce than hi s own close o n hi s re ar .

McN e il was o rd ered as soo n as Carte r w as rescu ed

, , to

throw hi s command sou th o f Marmadu ke andb lock hi s

way, while andi ver closed on him fro m the no rth I t
V .

wo uldno t have b een difficult for M cN e il to do thi s H e .

 CON F E D E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 33

would have had the sho rte r road and a da y the sta rt .

B ut he w as w ary andh adno i d ,ea o f putti ng hi mse lf i n

a po si ti o n w here a Co nf ede ra te f orce could ge t a t him .

He purposely took ano the r road andallowe dM arm aduke ,

to p ass th e cri ti cal p o i nt u no pp o se d and ge t the w , ho le

pu rsu i ng fo rce be hi ndhi m M cN eil s co nduct ga ve ri se
’
.

to a ne w sp ap e r contro ve rs
y shortly af terw ard i n w hi ch,

the facts came to li ght .

At the cro ssi ng o f Whi te wate r Vandive r unde rtoo k to

f orce thi ngs, b u t w as hu rle d b ack so su dde nly and
e fi ectu all
y y b S h e l b y t h a t h e k e p t a t a r e s p e c t f u l d i s

tance unti l B loo mfi eld w as re ach ed There M ar maduk e

.

halted andre mai ne di n li ne o f b attle all day A t Cha lk .

B lu fi s he had to cross the St F ranci s ri ve r a nd the re .

,

was no bri dge H e the re fore se nt M aj R o b e r t S mi th

.
, , .

Of h i s stafi Maj Ro be rt Law re nce o f Sh e lb y s sta ff and

’
, . ,

Ge n J e ff Thomp
. so n w ho volunteeredfo r the occa s i o n i n .

ad vance w i tha hu nd re dme nto b u i lda b ri dge and ha lte d ,

at B loo mfie ld to figh t th e e ne my andgi ve th e b ri d ge

'

bu ild ers time B ut Vand

. i ver w as cau ti o u s and th ,
ou gh
ski rmi shi ng co nti nu edall d ay andth e fighti ng so me ti me s
became sharp he d ,i dnot make a ge ne ral attack A g ai n .

M armadu ke halte d e arly i n the af te rnoo n whe n he

, ,

re ach e d th e h i lls that b o rd er th e St F rancis a t C halk

.

B lu fi s andagai n Vand
,
i ver ski rmi shedw i thhi m b ut di d ,

not atte mpt to f o rce h is p osi ti o n .

The bri d g e w as a ro u g h a fi ai r b u t ,
i t a n sw e r e d th e

u
p p r o se f or w h i ch i t w as b u i lt . I t w as a r a f t ra th e r than

a b ri d g e D u.ri n g th e n i g h t th e a r ti lle r y a n d w a g o ns ,

wi th the wate r up to the axles we re pulled acro ss b y

w
,

the me n the horses w , e re d ri ve n i n to th e r i v er a n d s a m

”
acro ss an ,dth en crossed i n g
e m si n le fi le a n d j u
,
st a s t
!
su n ro se th e n e x t morn g the ra t
i n f w as c u t l oose f r o m “ 5

moo ri ngs andse nt floating do wn the turb i dstre am 1 8 8 “ ,

i ng no t a trace o f evi d e nce o f h o w the co mma n d h a d

crosse d An hou . r af terw ard the F ed e rals re ach e d t h e

ri ve r b u t there w as no t a w ago n a gu
3
n a ho r
’

s e 0 1
, , ,
1 84 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

man on thei r si d e and in pu

,
re bra v ad o th ey p lan te d a
ba tte ry and b e ga n to she ll the wo o ds o n the o the r side .

Bu t thi s w as a l osi ng game f o r Co l li n s b atte ry h adbee n

’

mask e d o n the farthe r si d e and o pe n e d sudd e nl y o n the

,

F e d e ral ba tte ry a nd the cro w d o f so ldi e rs a bo ut i t and ,

se n t th e m scu rryi n g to th e re ar Tho ugh M armad uk e

.

hadno t be e n o utge ne ral ed no r his co mmand at any ti me

w orste d i n a fight— i n fact the e n e my d e cl i n e d e ve ry
,

o fi e r o f battl e h e mad e— th e ex p
'

e d i ti o n f or all p racti cal

re su l ts was a fai l ure Co l one l Carte r was a ne wman

.

an acco mp l i she d ge n tl e man b ut an un trai n e d so ld i e r

,

andw as an x i o u s f o r an o p po rtun i ty to d i sti n g u i shh i m

se l f andM armad u
,
k e was d i spo se d to o bli ge hi m Carte r .

b l und e re d andthe e x pe d i ti o n mi scarri e d .

She l b y s b ri gad e w e n t i n to camp n e ar Augusta and

'
,

Gre e n e s a nd C arte r s o n Cro w l e y s R i d ge I t was no t

’ ’ '
.

l o n g be fore the re was talk o f a mo ve ment o n H e l e na b y

the co mb i n e d i nf an try andca v alry fo rce o f the d i stri ct ,

wi ththe he mo f re li e vi ng the pressure o n V i ck sburg b y

sto p pi ng the na vi gati o n o f the M i ssi ssi ppi ri ve r b y all
boats e x cept he avy i ronclads and preparati ons b e gan to
,

be qu i e tl y mad e to that e nd A bo ut the rst o f J u

. ne
Ge n e ral Pri ce mo v ed hi s command and he adq uarte rs to
J ackso n port, and i ssue d ord e rs whi ch cl e arly i n di cated
the reaso n fo r h i s chan ge o f b ase Bu t d ays andw
. ee ks

p as se d a n d n o thi n g p osi ti ve w as d o n e A t la
. s t or d e rs

l oo ki n g to a mo ve me n t o f the troo ps were i ssued On .

the 1 8thG e n e ral Pri ce o rd ere d M armad u ke and hi s di vi

si o n to j o i n h i m at Co tto n plan t ando n the 2 3 dG e n eral
,

H olmes i ssue d an add re ss to the army The ord e r o f .

b attl e was i ssuedo n the 3 do f J ul y the troo ps the n be i ng ,

co n ce n trate d aro u nd H el e na w i th the full k n o w l e dge o f

,

the e n e my Ge n e ral Pri ce wi th Parso n s and M cR ae s

' '
.
,

b ri gades was to assault the fo rt o n Grave yard hi ll

, .

F agan the fo rt o n H i nd man hi ll M a rmad u ,

k e the fo rt o n
R e i te r hi ll and Wal k e r was to ho ld hi mse l f i n p
, o si ti o n

to re si st any troo p s th at mi gh t ap p ro ac h R e i te r h i ll a n d
 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 85

when tha t b ill was ptured e nter the to wn andact

ca
against th e enemy as ci rcu msta nces mi ght i ndi ca te T he .

attac k w as to b e mad e at d ayli ght o n th e f o llo w i ng

mo rni ng Ah the pre cedi ng day steamb o a ts ha d b e en
.

arri vi ng a t H e le na w i th rei nforce me nts f o r the F o d

erals a large p
, art o f w hi chd i dno t lea ve the b o a ts .

The d i fi e rent colu mns pro mptlyadvance d at the ti m e ,

de si gnate d, to the attack Ge ne ral Pri ce assa ulte dthe

.

f ort o n Grave yardhi ll andaf te r a stub b o r n fi ght ca p

,

tu red i t and tu rned i ts gu ns on the mai n f o rt i n the

ce nte r o f th e tow n H e le d Parso ns b ri gade i n pe rso n
'
. ,

b ut no t b e ing sup p or t e d b y th e o th e r co l u m n s f a i l e d to

take i t and w as e ve ntu ally f o rced to re ti r e P ag a n

.

assau lted the f o rt o n H ind man hi ll b ut af te r a hard ,

li ght was d M armadu ke s ro ute le d alo ng the

'
ri ve nb ack .

crest of a ri d e
g , e xp o se d to t h e e n e m y s a rt i lle
’
r y a n d m u s

ke tt y fire on the si d
, e to w ardth e ri ver Walk e r s o rde rs
.
'

were to kee p thi s fl ank clear b ut he didno t advance ,

until nine o clo ck, and then afte r firi ng two vo lle ys a t
'
,

th e ene my at lon g ra n g e , re ti r e d a n d d i d n o t m ake h i s

ap p eara n ce a g a i n d u ri n g th e fi g h t M a r m. a d u k
'
e s le f t

and re ar w ere th u s exp osed an dhe hadto ho ldhalf hi s

,

troop s b ack to p re ve nt b e i ng i so la te d and c u t 05 .

She lb y s b ri gad e i n front ho w e ver assa u lte d the f o rt o n

'
, ,

R ei ter hill b ut was no t stro ng enough to ta k e i t

,
At .

eleve n o clo ck Ge neral H o lme s ord e re d the tro o p

' s to

wi th d ra w whi ch th y di d i g
,
e n o o d o r d er a n d w ,
e re n ot

m f d
p r ess e d y the
b e n e m y T h e
. a t ta c k w a s a f o re d oo
f
ew w m h in
failu re Th e enemy kn i t o u ld b e m a d e a o n t
w
.

ad vance, and h ad twce h a s as

i as l g
a r e a f o rce t e re

necessary to re p el i t In w . i thd raw ing fro m t h e t o w n

Ge neral Pri ce s d
'
i vi si o n su ff ered se vere ly, p a r t i c u la r ly

Co lonel Le wis regi ment Co lo ne l She lb y

’
.
'
s w r i s t w as

sh atte redb y a ri fl e b all, maki ng a p ai nf u l and d g a n e ro u s

wo und andMaj R ob ert Smi thof Marmaduk e '

s s t a fi w as

w w m
.
,

ki lled , “ was also Capt John Clark of hi s .

e s f t ’

pany .
 A
C ON F ED ER A I E M ILI T R Y H I S TOR Y .

Pri ce s and Pagan s d i vi si ons re tu rne dto L i ttle R o ck,

' '

andM armad uke s division, andWalker s bri gade, co nsi st

’ '

i ng o f two regi ments, re mai ned no rth o f the Arka nsas

ri ver . M armadu ke retu rnedto Whi te ri ve r andcamp ed
i n the vi ci ni ty o f J ackso np ort She lby w
. as d isabled, and
C0 1 G W Thomp
. . . so n co mmand ed h i s b riga d e The .

e xp ed i ti on to H e le na o ver mu ddy road s and across

sw o llen stre ams, w i tho ut te nts and fre q uently wi tho ut

rati o ns, h ad b ee n a h ard o n e , bu t there w as not mu ch

rest f o r th e cavalry Sho rtly Ge ne ral D avi dson, wi th

.

ab o u t 6 , oo o F ed e ral cavalry, came d ow n Cro w leys ri d

'
ge
fro m M isso u ri , and Marma d uke pre pare d to mee t hi m,
bu t D avi d son tu rne d asi d e, w i thout hazard i ng a fi ght,
and w e nt to H e le na As soon as D avi d son h add i sap
pee re da li ght i ro ncladboat came upWhi te ri ver to ve ry
nearly w here She lb y s b r i gade was campe d
’
, andCo on
l el
T homp so n u nd ertoo k to ca p tu re i t Bu t the b oat w
. as

bu llet p -
roo f, andi n the figh t Li e u t Co l Charles Gi lke y,
.
~ .

command i ng J eans re gi me nt, w

’
as ki lled , and Maj .

D avi d Shanks o f the same re gi ment w as seve rely

wounded .

D avi d
so n s
’
cavalry co l umn was only part of a f o rce
Gene ral F re d e ri ck Stee le w
’
as co nce ntrating at D e vall s
B lu fi o n the lo w er Wh i te ri ve r f or the p urpose o f taking
Li ttle R ock On the 3 4th o f J u
. ly Ge ne ral Pri ce w as

g ed to the commando f the d

assi n i stri ct o f Arkansas on
acco u nt o f the si ckne ss of Ge ne ral H o lmes, andGe neral
Pagan w as assi gned to th e comman do f Gene ral Pri ce s'

di vi si o n A bo ut the mi ddle o f Augu

. st M armadu ke
mo ved wi th hi s di vi si o n fro m J ackso nport to form a
junoti on wi th Ge ne ral Walker at B ro wnsvi lle When
the y me t, Walk e r, as the ranking o t hce r, took command
A f e who u rs after M armad uke re ache d Brownsville , the
heado f Stee le s co lu
’
mn, D avi dso n s ca valry i n advance,
’

ap pe ared o n the prai ri e Ge ne ral Walke r de ci d

. e d to
re tre at, and M armad uke at hi s o w n re q uest was gi ven
the re ar, w i thE lli o tt s b attali on andPratt s b attery Th
' '
e .
 C ONFED ERA TE MILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 187

l i n e o f re tre at lay acro ss the prai ri e b ut about tw e l ve ,

mi le s from B ro wn svi ll e the road passe d through a nec k

o f ti mb e r andi t w
,
as arrange dth at th e mai n bo d y sh ould
b e co n ceal e d i n thi s ti mbe r andthat M armad u
,
ke sho uld
d rawthe e n emy s ad van ce i n to an e n gage me n t ind uce i t
’
,

to charge i n to the ti mb e r and gi v e the mai n bo d yan

Op p o rt un i ty e i the r to cap tu re o r di sp e rse i t M armaduk e .

p e rf o rm e d h i s par
,
t b ut G e n e ra l Wal k er di dno t stopno r
leave a man i n the ti mbe r andM armad , uk e came n e ar
b e i n g cap tu re d i n stea d o f cap tu ri n g th e F e d eral ad van ce .

A t B ayo uTwo Prai ri e the e n emygave o ve r the pu rsuit

and w e n t i n to camp w h ,
i l e M armad u k e co n ti n ue d hi s
march andj o i n ed the mai n bo dy in campat R ei d s b ri dge ’

o n B ayouM e to late at ni gh t . B ayo u Me to and B ayo u

Prai ri e are abo ut tw e l ve mi l e s ap art wi thno wate r f o r a
,

cavalry co mmand be tw ee n th em B ayo u M eto i s a lo w

.
,

slu ggi shstream wi th a miry b e dandabru

, pt b an ks and ,

the si d e s are fri n ge d wi th a heavy gro wtho f ti mbe r .

Fo r se v e ral days D avi d so n s and M armad u k e s com

' '

mand s ski rmi she d wi the acho the r Ge n e ral Wal ker was .

in command b ut n e v e r ap
, peare d at the front H i s head .

quarters w ere so me two mi le s back from B ayouM e to i n ,

a b ri ck ch urch andschoo l ho use On the fif th day ho w

-
.
,

e v e r th
,
e F e d e rals ad v an ced i n e arn e st d e te rmi n ed to
,

secu re gro u nd f o r a campo n B ayo uM e to A su b stan .

ti al bri d ge sp ann ed th e bayou wh ,

i chhadb e e n p re p ared

f or d estru cti o n b y M armadu ke A fte r a co nsi d erab l e

.

sh o w o f figh t o n the n o rthsi d e o f the ba yo u M armadu ke ,

re ti re d h i s force across the strea m andfire dthe b ri dge .

Three ti me s the e n e my ad v an ce d and tri ed to fo rce hi m

to le t go hi s ho ld on the stre am and thre e ti mes the y ,

b e twee n the first and seco nd assaul ts, Ge n eral Wal k e r

came o n th e fie ld, b u t d i dnot re mai n to e x ce e d fiftee n
mi n ute s After the thi rd assaul t, i t be came e vi de n t the
.

enemy w ere we ake ni n g, and Ge neral M armad u ke se n t a

staff o fi cer to re que st Ge n e ral Wal k er s prese n ce , as h
’
e
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

b ri gade , and se n t i n haste f o r She l by s b ri gad e, w hi ch

'

was stati o n e d at the ex tre me le ft o f the li n e o n the n o rth

si de , to cro ss at th e u pp p
e r o n to o n a nd j o i n hi m A s .

the bri gade p asse d th ro ug h th e c i ty, She l b y, w ho h ad

ri se n f ro m hi s si ck b e dand mo u n te d hi s horse , no twi th .

sta nd i n g th e p ro tests o f hi s su rge o n s, p ut hi mse l f at i ts

hea d, ami d the sho uts o f w e l co me o f hi s so ldi ers, and
w e n t at a gall o pto the assistan ce o f M armad uk e In the .

mean ti me M armad uk e , as soo n as he arri ve d o n the fie ld

wi th hi s b ri gade, fo rme d i t andD o bb i ns bri gade f o r a ’

ch arge . Bu t whe n o rde re d to charge D o bb i n s re fu sed to

do so , o n the gro und that the me n wo uld no t serve und er

M armad uk e M armad uke pro mptlyput D o bb i n s i narre st,
.

andtak i n g th e b attle fiag o f th e b ri gad e i n h is b andcall e d

o n th e me n to fo ll o w T he y answ ered wi th a chee r, and
.

bo th b ri gades sw e pt forw ard an ddro ve the e n e my back ,

cap tu ri n g a se cti on o f arti ll e ry andse v e ral stan d ard s .

A t thi s j u n cture She l by s b ri gad e arri ve d and the

’
,

di vi si on was n eve r i n b e tter co nd i ti on fo r a fight M ar .

.

maduke hadj ust mad e the b o ast that the F ederal s w o uld
no t sl ee p i n L i ttl e R ock that n i ght w , he n an o rder
reach e d hi m from Ge n e ral Pri ce not to e n gage th e enemy

be l o w the to wn nor i n the to wn b ut to check the m afte r

, ,

they hadp asse d th rou gh th e t o w n . D u r i n g thi s ti m e t he

e arth wo rk s o n the northsi de hadb e e n ab ando n e d, and

the i n f an try marched across the ri ve r o n p o n too n s and

starte d so u thw ard i n re tre at, thu s gi vi n g u p t h e ca i

ptal
o f th e State , th e p l e asan t ci ty o f Li ttl e R ock, andthe
p r o d u c ti v e v all ey o f th e A rk a ns as ,
w i th o ut s tr i k i n g a

b l o w in the i r de fense A s Ge n e ral Pri ce was d o i ng ex

.

a ctly wh at Ge n eral Ste e l e w an te d h im to d o th e latte r

,

di d no t i n te rf e re wi th hi m b ut all o w e d hi m full ti me to
,

ab andon th e w o rks and e vacu ate th e ci ty M armad uk e

.

hadno alte rn ati ve b ut to o b e y the o rder he re ce i ved H e .

fe l l back b y successi ve re gi mental fo rmati o n s re ti ri ng ,

sl o w l y andch ec k i n g th e e n e my w h e n e v e r the y atte mp ted

to cro w d hi m .
1 40 CON F ED ERA TE A
M ILIT R Y H I S TOR Y .

Af te r the e vacu ati on o f Li ttle R ock th e i nfantry w ere

concentrate d at CampB ragg, ne ar R ed ri ver, and the

cavalry w atched th e mo vements of th e enemy at Li ttle

R ock and Pi ne Blu ff. The troo p s w e re dissati sfied .

The y confid e ntly exp ectedto fight th e Fe d e rals at Li ttle

R ock andto w hi p the m, and the y cou ld no t u nd erstand

why, when Ge ne ral Ste e le di vide dhi s force andtook the

chance o f b e i ng b e a ten i n d e tail, a re treat h ad b een or .

dere d, i nste ado f advantage taken o f his hazardous e xpe ri

me nt I t has be en stated that Co lonel She lby le ft his
.

si ck b e d and too k co mmando f hi s b ri gad e as i t p ris e d

th ro u gh Li ttle R ock to o in Marma dj uke in che cki ng the

ad vance o f th e ene my b e lo w the tow .n H avi ng escaped
the b ond age Shelb y h ad no i nte nti o no f re tu rni ng to i t,
b ut, re d uce d almost to a skele to n andhis shatte re darm
i n a sling, he se t to w ork to ge t p e rmi ssi o n to make an

e xp ed i ti o n i nto Mi sso u ri . w
Thi s as no t easily do ne, b ut
he was pe rsi stent .

So me ti me b e f o re Go ve rnor Clai bo rne F j ackson had .

di ed, and Li e ut -Go v Thomas C R eyno ld

. . . sh adb e come

go vernor o f M isso u ri , andw as recogni zedas su ch b y th e

Conf ede rate mili tary authori ti es as we ll as the Mi sso u ri

ans i n th e army . Go ve rnor R e yno ld s w as a man o f bold

te mp er, and an exp ed i ti o n such as Shelby p rop osed

ap pe ale dstro ngly to the chi valry o f hi s natu re

. B acked
by the governo r, She lb y finally go t the co nse nt o f Gen
erals M armad uke , Pri ce , H olmes and Ki rby Smi th On
te mb er—e le ven d
.

the e rst o f Se p ays af ter th e e vacu ati on

o f Li ttle R ock—an ord er w as mad e gi vi ng h i m 6 00 men

andtw o p i e ces o f artillery fo r the p urpose of pro ce e ding
to north A rkansas andso u thMi sso u ri , an dall Co nf e der .

were d d to re port to hi m The nex t day wi tha

or ere .

pi cked b and from h i s b ri gade h e ro de aw ay to what

o ffi cers ab o ve him b e li eved to b e almo st ce rtai nca pture
or de ath .
 C H APT ER XIV .

—
S H E LB Y S RAI D T H R O U G H MI SSO URI TH E F I G H T N EA R
’

MARSHA LL—B RI LLI AN T EXPLO ITS O F S H E L B Y'S

CO MMAN D - MAR MAD U KE A TT AC KS PIN E B LU F F .

H E Arkansas ri ve r fro m the I ndian co untry to i ts

mouthwas i n posse ssi on o f the F e der als, a nd S he l
by d e ci de dto go w e ll u ptowardVan B ure n b e f o re
a ttemp ting to cross i t I nthe Cad
. do mo u ntains he m e t C o l .

D avi dH u nte r w i th1 5 0 recru i ts from M isso u ri H u

. nte r had
resi gne d th e co mman d of an i nf antry re gi me nt to e nte r
the cavalry se rvi ce ; w as an e xp e ri encedsco u t a nd fi g hter ,
f amili ar w i th the co u ntry i n whi ch She lb y pro po se d to
Op e rate, andp ro mp tly acce pte d th e p re po sal to re tu rn

wi ththe latte r to Missouri The Caddo mo unta i ns south

.

o f th e Arkansas ri ve r, li ke th e B osto n mo u nta i ns no rth

o f i t, w e re i nf este d w i th nume ro u s b and s o f ma ra u de f so
made upo f ro bb ers andde se rte rs from b o th armi e s, who
tortu re d and p lu nd e red th e p p
eo le i nd i sc r i m i n ate lY

These b and s rece i ve d scant me rcy at Sh e lb y s hand

'
s

O ne b eyond Cadd o G ap ,
w h i c h w as th e t e rr o r o f the

c ou ntry, was su rp j
ri sedb y M a o r Elli ott andanni hi la te
d
B ef o re he reachedthe A rkansas ri ver Shelb y me t, un
e xp e cte d ly to each, an Arkansas cavalry re gi me nt. co m o
p o se d p r i nc i al
p yl o f C on f e d e r a te co n scr i p t d e se rt

c harge d i t o n si ght and ki lled u d t t e re d“

, ca p t re or sc a

w M
.

N ear O zark he fo rd e dth e ri ver andtoo k the to n ,

8 1 07

Shank s ki lli ng and d i sp ersi ng a b ando f p lu nde re rs who

hadpossessi ono f i t The co mmandwas haltedandre ste d
.

o ne d ay ne ar H u ntsville . A t B e nto nvi lle , th e w r e c k Of

a to w 1 3 31
n, ha vi ng b een b urne d b y Si ge l s me , n 0 0 0
’

Co ff ee and a hu nd red men recru i tedb y him o j i n e d th e

c o lu mn H ere Shelbythre wf orwardb e yo ndSpr g

.
i n fi e ld
142 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

thre e bo di es o f sco uts unde r trusty and e xpe ri e nced

o fii ce rs,
wi th i nstructi o n s to cut te l e graph wi re s andi n
e ve ry w ay i n te rru p t co mm uni cati o n wi th St Lo ui s . .

The y w e re to mo ve i n ad v an ce o f hi m to w ard the M i s

so u ri ri ve r a t B o o n e vi ll e and co mmu n i ca te w i th hi m
,

from time to time F o r the re st to mysti fy andmisl ead

.
,

the e n e my he d e p ,
e nd e d u p o n h i s o wn str ate
gy and

rap i di ty o f mo v eme n t .

A t N eosho M o , tw e n ty five miles fro m Be n to n v i ll e

, .
-

was a Fe d e ral garri so n abo ut 400 strong quarte re d , _

i n the bri ck co u rt h ou se i n th e ce n te r o f th e to w n The y .

w e re we ll arme d w e ll mo un te d and w e ll cl o the d and

, ,

the i r e q u ip me nts w e re mo re attracti ve than the y w e re

the mse l ve s . M aj G eorge Go rdo n app
. ro ach ed th e to wn

fro m the e ast, Co fi ee from the n o rth and H oo per fro m

the w est w hi l e She l by ad van ce d on i t from the so u
, th ,

wi th Shan k s and the artill e ry The Fede ral s i n thei r .

,

stro n g p osi ti o n w e re co nfi de n t u
, n ti l the arti lle ry o pe ne d
o n th e m andth
,
e n ve ry p ro mp tl y the w hi te fl ag w e n t u p
a nd th e y su rre nd ere d u n co n di ti onall y The guns and .

ho rse s he re o b tai n ed arme d and mo unte d the un arme d

a nd d ismou n te d me n and put the co l umn i n goo d co n
,

di ti o n f o r trave li n g Whi l e the pri so n e rs w e re paro le d

.

andth e sp o i l s se cu re d a large sco u ti n g p

, arty came d o w n

from N e wto ni a andtho se who co mpose d i t e xcept a f ew

, ,

who e scaped share d the fate o f the capture d garri so n

, .

B o we rs M i ll , a mi l i ti a re nde z v ou s andh ead q u

’
arte rs ,

was take n andpuri fie d b y fire o f i ts fil th and i mmo ral

su rro u n di n gs A fte r a n i ght march Gree nfie ld andi ts
.

g a r r i so n o f s o mi l i tia w e re captu re d and the co u rt

ho use b urn e d be cause i t was use d b y the F e de ral s as a

,

fo rt The n the 2 5 mili ti a who he ld Stockto n w e re

.

cap tu red and th e i r fo rt th e co u rt h ,ou se b u rn e d ; and

the n H u ma n svi ll e whi ch was he ld b y a fo rce o f rso

,

ca v al ry w
, as cap tu re d af ter th e garri so n h adl o st se ve n

te e n me n ki ll e d a nd wo u nd e d Warsaw sho we d fight .

,

bu t Go rd o n flan k e d i t o n the ri ght andE lli o tt o n the l e f t ,

 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 48

while H oope r attackedi t b y wadi ng the ri ve r i n i ts f ro nt,

an d i ts garriso n succu mb e d, surre nde ri ng a la rg e q ua n
ti ty o f sto re s o f e ve ry ki nd Co ldCampw . as a G e rman

se ttle me nt and a mi li ti a hea d q uarte rs, o n a pro duc ti ve

and high ly cu lti vate d p lain The p eop le ha d g o o d
.

houses, f ru i tfu l orch ard s, p ro lific field s of g ra i n a nd

ab u nd ant su pp li es o f cattle They e xp . e cte d to b e de

sp o i led o f th e ir p ro p e rty andh ave the i r ho u se s b u rne d .

B ut Shelb y di d no t make war o n non co mb a ta nts, no r -

take p ri va te p ro p erty w i tho ut p ayi ng f o r i t Co u r t ho u se s.

andb u ild i ngs u se das f o rts b y the ene my w e re d i fle re nt

'

Those b e destroyedas a matte r o f co u rse F lo re nce was

—
.

an aba nd o nedto w n I ts i nhab i tants men, wo me n a nd

.

ch i ldre n—hadfl ed , le av i ng all thei r ho u se ho ld p ro pe rty

b e hi nd The so ld
. i ers di d no thi ng o rse tha n tak e what w
the y wantedto e at .

Ti pto n was pan i m o rtant p h P ac c ra i lro a d

o i nt o n t e
i fi ,

andi ts garri so n mad e ap re tense o f d ef e nd i ng i t, b ut o nly

a p re tense The exchange o f a co up
. le o f vo lle ys a ndan
attack i n flank b G o rd n d i d th e b usi ness, and the F e d
y o

e rals fl e d f or th e ir li ve s T he rai lroadwas hardly to rn

.

upandwhat suppli es the men neede dtake n fro m the mi l

i tary sto res le f t b e hi nd w h e n C o l T h o m as T C ri tte nd en
—
. .
,

ap d n h w h u h u n d m n the
p ea re o t e p ra i ri e , i t a b o t a t o s a e

numb e r She lb yhad4 ndb o thco mmands w e re f o rme df o

-
r

b a ttle I t wo u ldhave b e e na grea t thi ng f o r C ri tte n d e n to

have ca pture dor de fea te dShe lb y andf a te hadb e e n k ind

.

i n gi vi ng hi m as goo d an o pp o rtu y
n i t as a b ra v e m an

wo uldask B utwhe n She lb y s co mma nd wi th S he lb y a t

.
'
,

i ts he a d mo ved fo rwardto the attack, Cri tte nde fl s he art

'
,

fai le dhim andb e fo re a sho t hadb ee n fire dhi s co m m a n d

,

tu rne d andfl ed he le ad i ng the ad vance i n i ts fl i g ht;

ed
,

T he march o f tw o d ays to B o o ne vi lle w as co fl tm u

wi thout i nte rrupti o n as f ar as the e ne my ,
w e r e con

d b ee n
ce rne d She lby s o b j ecti ve po int i n starti ng
’
h a
m ed
.

J e ff e rso n Ci ty or Boo ne ville B ut at T i pto n he .

n a

tha t a hea vy f o rce o f F e d e rals hadb e e n masse d a t J

e fi e r ’
1 44 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

so n Ci ty— much to o heavy f or hi m to mee t in the field to ,

say no thing o f attacki n g i n th e stro ngl y f o rtifi edp osi ti o n

th e
y o ccu pi e d A t B
. o o n e v i ll e h e w as rece i ve d m o s t h os

p i tably b y th e p eo p l e p ar
,
ti c u l ar l y th e w o m e n w ho ,
w e re

n earl y all So uthe rn i n the i r sympathi es and made no

e ff o rt to co n ceal th e ir fe e l i n gs . A s soo n as i t be came ap
p are n t th at h e w as go ing to B o o n e vi ll e t h
,
e gre ate r p art

o f th e fo rce at J e ff e rso n C i ty u nd er Ge n e ral B ro wn the ,

dashi n g o ffi ce r who m M armad uk e andShe l by hadfo ught

un succe ssfull yat Spri ngfield mo ve d o ut inpursui t o f hi m
, .

B ro wn had me n und er hi s co mmand ; She l by had

H e kn e w too that an eq
, ,
uall y hea vy fo rce und er
Ge n Tho mas E wi n g w
. as be ari n g d o w n upo n hi m fro m
the w e st andtha t tro o p
,
s w e re be i n g co n ce n trate d so u th
of h i m to i n te rce p t hi s re tre at H e had re ache d the
.

turn i n g p o int in h i s e xp e d i ti o n andhadno wto figh

, t the
e n e my masse d i n so l i d co l u mn s i nste ad o f di spe rse d at
d e tached garri son to w n s B ut he w e n t i n to M p at
.

B o o n e vi ll e and remai n e d the re thir ty si x hours d e te r -

,

mi n e d to rest hi s men andho rse s fo r the terri b l e struggl e

be fore the m .

Whe n he le ft the to wn B ro wn was cl o se upo n hi m, and

the re ar o f o ne force andthe advan ce o f the o ther ski r
mi shedho tl y B ut She l by was i n no hurry As l o n g as
. .

hi s e n e my was be hi nd hi m he was no t appre he nsi ve .

T he sk i rmi shi ng co n ti n u ed u n ti l the LaM i ne ri ve r was

reach ed . The ba nk s o f the ri v e r w e re stee pon e i ther
si d e andsl i p m mm
'
p e ry f ro th e c r oss i n g o f Sh e l b y s co a nd .

H e re he amb ushed 2 5 0 me n unde r H un te r andw ai te d ,

f o r the e n e my to atte mp t to cross B ro wn was p

. ushi ng
thi n gs andhi s ad van ce caval ry re gi me n t ro de bo l d l y i n to
the stream The n H u n te r s me n o pe n ed upo n them a
'
.

de adl y fire , andi n a f e wmi n ute s the stream was full of

fl o und e ri n g me n and ho rse s who co uld n e i ther ad van ce
no r re tre at and a ste ady ande fl
, e cti ve fire w as k e p tu p
upo n the m H o w man y w e re k i ll e d and w o unde d or
.

dro wn e d was n e ver kn o wn , b ut the i mpetuosi ty o f

 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y . 1 45

B ro wn s
’
p u rsu i t w as s u d d e nl y ch ec k e d f o r at th e cro ss ,

i ng o f B l ackw ater the same d

,
ay h i s attack w , as co n fin e d

to the u se o f arti ll e ry at l o n g ran ge B e f ore he re ache d.

M arshall the n e x t d ay She l b y l e arn e d that Ge n e ral

,

E wi n g w as i n h i s fro n t wi th at l east me n The .

su p re m e s tr ug g l e w as a t h a n d B ro w n '
s
. f o r ce w as th u n
deri n g o n hi s rear andE w i n g s fo rce was not two mi l e s
,
'

aw ay re ad y to b l ock h
,
i s path o r close o n hi m i f he
sto p p e d a n ho u r t o fi g t B ro w
h n H e d e stro ye d the
.

b ri dge acro ss Sal t F o rk andl e ft Shan k s wi th 3 0 0 me n to

,

di spute the passage andho ld B ro wn whi l e b e w i th the , ,

re mai nde r o f th e co mmand mad e a de spe rate e fi o rt to

,

b re ak through E w i ng s l i n es H e di smo u n te d hi s me n
’
.

andf or an h ou r th e figh ti ng w as fu ri o u E wi n g s l i n es
’
s .

e xte nd e d be yo nd h i s and al mo st i n cl ose d the m Bu t be .

p re s s e d th e fi g h t i n g a n d co n t i n u a ll y a d v a n c e d t h o ug h ,

p or ti on s o f hi s l i n e a t ti m e s w e re ch ec k ed a n d t e m p o

rari ly fo rce d to gi ve gro u nd .

I n the me an ti me Shan k s was ho ldi n g B ro w n at b ay at

the cro ssi n g o f Salt F o rk b u t at a gre at sacri fice o f h
, is
men O n ce he se n t to She l by f or a pi ece o f arti ll e ry b ut
.
,

She l bywas so n e arl ysurro u nde d andwas fighti n g agai nst

su chod ds that he co uld no t spare a man or a gun A t .

l ast She l by sawan o utl e t—a w eak po i n t in E wi ng s li n e s '

—andunder co ve r o f hi s arti ll e ry mo un te d hi s me n se n t ,

to Shan k s to j o i n him charge d wi th all hi s fo rce o n the

,

weak po i n t and wi th te rri bl e l o ss cut hi s way thro ugh ,

bri n gi n g 0 3 o ne o f hi s ca nn o n andl e avi n g the o the r di s ~

mo un te d be hi nd hi m . Sha n ks i n atte mpti n g to j o i n

She l bywas so hard presse dthat he hadto st0 pe v e ry f e w
hun dre d yard s to re p e l a charge B ut She l by s charge
.
’

hadbro k e n E wi n g s l e ft wi n g and Shank s havi n g l o st

’
,

si gh t o f She l by rod ,
e d o wn e v eryth i n g i n fro n t o f hi m
andforce d h is w ay th ro u g h th e b ro k e n l i n e S h e l b y an d .

Shan k s w e re thu s se p arate d andn e i th e r k n e ww h at had

b eco me o f the o the r b u , t e ach sup pose d the o ther l ost .

A s soo n as She l by go t clear o f the F ederal l i n e s he ,

no 10
146 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

hal te d andw ai tedf o r Shanks Shan ks d . i dno t co me, b ut

E wi n g s ca v al ry d i d They w ere be ate n b ack, andShe l by
’
.

mo ve d upthe ri ve r i nthe d i recti o n o f Waverl y i n L afay

,

e tte co u n ty, and whe n ni ght came hal te d andw ent i n to

camp to f e e d and re st h i s me n and ho rses, i ssue hi s
re mai ni ng ammu n i ti o n to the me n, andfree hi mself from
the i ncu mb ran ce o f a trai n b y thro w i ng hi s w ago ns i n
the ri ver The co mmand passe d thro ughWave rl y j u
. st

at dayl i gh t and tu rn e d d ire ctl y so u thw ard. The re tre at

that She l b y w
_

as abo u t to make mean t taxi n g the p o we r

o f e nd u ran ce and stre n gtho f h i s me n andhorse s to the

utmost, wi th e v ery now andthe n a mo re o r l ess se ri ous
e n gageme n t wi th th e e n e my .I t was the farthest p os

si b l e re mo ve fro m a p rec i p i ta te and head l o ng fli ght .

H e had fo resee n and p re p are d f o r re treat w he n h e

hal ted andreste d thi rty si x ho urs at B o o n e vi ll e , w hi l e the

-

enemy w e re co nce n trati n g aro u nd hi m i n o v erw he l mi ng

n umb e rs andagai n whe n he halted and re ste d d uri n g
,

the n i ght n e ar Wav erl y af te r the de sp e rate fight n ear

M arsha ll . N o tw i thstan d i n g the hard se rvi ce the y had

see n , h i s me n and horses w ere i n f ai rl y go o d condi ti o n
f or the l o n g ande xhau sti n g marchbe fo re them .

H i s li n e o f march w as cast o f Warre nsb u rg andw est

o f Cli n to n , andh e sto p pe d a f e w ho urs be tw ee n th e m to

f e e d hi s horses andw ai t f o r a bo d y o f me n und e r Cap t .

J ame s Woo d that hadb ee n de tached to burn a b ri dge

o ve r th e L aM i ne ri ver, w h i chthe ydi daf te r cap tu ri n g th e

tr00p s gu ardi n g i t B e l o w Cli n to n a fo rce o f K ansas

.

ca valry struck h i s rear, b u t w e re so ro u hl

g y handl e d that
the y reti re d and ab and on e d the pursui t as f ar as the y
we re co n ce rned In thi rty si x ho urs he was i n the vi ci n
.
-

i ty o f Carthage ha vi ng marche d i n that ti me fu

,
ll y a b un .

dre d mi l es hal te d five ti mes to fe e d hi s ho rses andre

, ,

u l d w k u n h i H w as no wo n co m
p se t o at tac s p o s re ar . e

p ara ti v e ly sa fe g ro u nd a ,nd ca m pe d n e ar C a rth a ge f o r a

g o o d n i g h t s
’
res t H.e a l lo w e d M aj o r Pi c kl e r an d a f orc e

o f Co ff ee s co mmand to camp i n Carth age and Pi ckle r

'
,
 CON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 47

permi tt'e d himself to b e surprised just b e f o re da y b y

E wi ng s advance gu ard and d ,ri ven i n co nfusi o n o ut o f

the to w n . B ut the Fede ral vi ctory was sho rt li ved f o r -

.

She lb y heard the u proar and unde rstandi ng wha t i t

,

meant amb ushed the e nemy andcut the m up so b adly

,

tha t the p u rsu it w as ab and o ned th e n and the re F ro m .

the vi ci ni tyo f Carth age Sh elb y mo ve dle i su re ly to W h i te

ri ve r and camp e d near Be rryvi lle to re st hi s co mma nd

and w ai t f o r i nf o rmati on i n re gardto Sh anks andhi s d e

tachment .

Shanks hada ro ughti me af ter he left the fi e lda t M ar

sh all b u
, t fortu nate ly he likeda ro u gh ti me H e was as
.

stu rd y a so ld i e r as e ver rode i n fro nt o f an a dva nci ng

co lu mn o r held the re ar o f a re treati ng one W he n the
.

melee and co nfusi o n resulti ng from Shelb y s charge at '

M arshall we re the greate st, andhe sw ung o ff to the le f t,

Bro w nfo llo w e dh i m so close lyandhe ldto hi m so te na c i o us
lythat he cou ldmake b u t slo wp ro gre ss, andwhe n ni g ht

came h e h ad go t b u t thre e mi les f ro m the b a ttle fie ld

Bu tw he n the e ne my dre wo ff at ni ght he halte d f e dhi s ,

ho rse s di stri b utedhi s ammuni ti o nandformedhi s plan!

,

H e follo w ed ve ry nearly the li ne i n re tre at th a t S he lb y

had f o llo wed i n hi s advance All ni ght and a p

.
art

of th e ne x t d ay h e mo ve dsw if tly on andlucki ly j ust

, .

af ter h e crosse dth e Pacific railro ad near S e d a l i a b e e n.

,

co u ntereda F e de ral f orage trai n d i sperse dthe e sc o rt and

cap tu redthe w ago sn T is fu ni ed b u
. h r sh a
,

nd a n t S fl PP u “

f o r hi s me n and ho rse s ande nab le dhi m to co n ti n u e h i s

march wi tho ut much loss o f ti me A t F lore nce . W hi Ch .

he e nte red at ni ght he e nco unte red a Fede ra

,
l f o r c e a s

stro ng as h is o w n but chargedi t o u t o f hand a n d m a d e

,

sh o rt w o rk o f i t . M cN e il was i n commando f th e F e d e ral

f o rce s at S pri ngfie ld and i t was p , e rhap s f o rt u n a te f or

S he lb y and Shanks that he was M cN ei l wa

.
s n o t a

fi ghte r . As far as he ever we nt i n that way wa s to m a ke

d 0 1?
an dhis co mmi ssi o n . As a ge ne ral thing hi s so l i e rs £
1 48 CON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

ut o f She lb y s and Shanks way T hey di d thi s on

' ’
o .

S hanks li ne o f re treat at Warsa w a t Co ldCamp and at

'
,

the cro ssi ng o f most o f th e stre ams A co mmand ha v

.

i ng i nfo rmati o n o f hi s ap proach atte mpted to amb ush

hi m i n a rocky go rge . Bu t Sh an ks charge di t wi tho ut
halti ng ando ne volle y was all the F ede rals fire d A f ter
,
.

i n h u h H um n svi lle h e b e ca me i nvolve damo n

p as s g t ro g a g
a ne tw o rk o f d e tachedbo d i es o f the e ne my, ando ne of
hi s li e ute nants anda numb e r o f his men w e re cap ture d
H e soo n cu t hi s w ayo u t, andthese were the o nly p ri so n

ers he lost Bu. t co nstant marchi ng andfighti ng loss of ,

sleep and lack o f f ood , w i s me n andi t

e re te lli ng o n h ,

b e came e vi d e nt to th e stu rd y so ld i e r that he mu st re a ch

a p lace o f safe ty soo no r su ccu mb H e mad e a d

. e to ur
aro u ndS pri ngfi eld p ,
asse db e tw e e n M ou nt Ve rnon a nd
G ree nfie ld b o thhe avi ly garri so nedb ythe Fed
, e rals a nd ,

was approachi ng Whi te ri ve r whe n hi s way was b ar red

by 13 00 F e d e ral cavalry The cavalry we re q
. ui ckly dis
pe rsedandthirtyhorses f ell i nto the hands of the vi cto rs ,

which served to mo unt the me n who se horse s hadgi ve n

u
o t or b e e n ki lled
Th at ni gh t Shelb y s sco uts andShanks sco uts m e t
’ '
.

w
The t o co mmand s w e re camp e d no t fi ve mi les apa rt .

Ab out as q ui ckly as a tiredho rse couldtrave l fi ve mi le s,

Shelb y was informe d o f Shanks saf e ty, andhe at o nce
’

arouse d hi s Camp and a sh ou t ent u w

pthat co uld ha ve
b e e n heardfo r mi le s aro u nd Andthe n, at mi dnight, he
.

marchedwi thall hi s co mmandto Shanks campand, ti r e d

'

as th e y all we re , a ni ght o f ollit andre oi ci ng f ollo we d

j j
y .

The ne xt d ayth e re uni te dcommandmo vedslowly so uth

- .

ward, ande ncampe d in the vi ci ni ty o f H untsville , A r

kansas . Co lo ne l H unte r w
i th a small d e tach me nt W as
se nt to oc cu py the to wn andb ri ng in so me co mpani e s o f
recru i ts that were near the re E arly ne x t mo rni ng he re
. .

tu rne d and re p o rted th a t he h adb e e n dri ve n o ut o f the

to w n, and tha t M cN e i l wi tha large f o rce was i n p o sse s .

si on o f i t She lb y was no t anx i o u

. s to meet M c N e il, b e
 CON F E D E R A TE M ILI TAR Y H I S TO R Y . “9

cause his ammuni ti on was re duce dto te n ro unds to the

m an and he mi ght have to fight to
, ge t acro ss the A r
kansas H e kne w McN e i l we ll e nou
.
gh to b e sa ti sfi e d
that he hadnothi ng to fe ar fro m him So he co nti nue d
.

to re ti re and M cN e i l continue dto f o llo whi m , b ut k e e

p
i ng at least a mile in rear Once he mad. e a mi stak e a nd

go t too close , wh e n Go rd on d ro ve h i m b ack wi th hi s

single regi me nt . N or d i dhe attemp t to i nte rf e re whe n
Shelb y crosse d the A rkansas ri ve r and co nti nue d hi s
marchlei surely so uthward .

I n thi s e xp ed i ti o n She lb y marchedmo re tha n a tho u

sandmi le s th rou h un t h ld b th n m f ou g h t
g a co ry e y e e e y ;
fo rty se ven ba ttles and ski rmi she s ; too k twe nty g a rri
- o

sone d to w ns ; de stro yed e le ve n forts and b lo c k ho use s ;

ki lled, wo u nd ed and cap ture d o f the e ne my ; re

mo unte d, re -arme dandre clo thedhi s command a ndre

-

tu rne dw i thtwi ce as large a f o rce as he starte d W i th He .

di dmore H e infused a ne w spi ri t o f co nfide nc e a nd

.

co u rage i nth e army o f th e Tran3 Mi ssissi p i d ep a rtm e nt

~
p
by showi ng i t w hat a b oldlea de r w i tha f e w ha rdy and
de te rmi ne d men co uld acco mpli sh The pe o ple o f the
.

b ea u ti f ul andcu lti va tedto wn o f Washi ngto n, A rkansas.

w
nd hi ch the cavalry we re e ncam d e c i a te d
aro u ,
a m
pp r
u
the ard uous se rvi ces he hadpe rf o rme dandthe w o n d e r f l
su ccesse s h e hadach i e ve d ando n hi s re turn rece i ve dhi m
,

as a con que ri ng he ro .

Late i n O ctob er Ge ne ral M armadu ke go t p e rm i SSi O fl

f rom Ge ne ral H o lme s to attack andtake Pi ne Bl ufi T he .

pace was he db y Co Po e l Cl yt , w d n d n t
l l l l a o n a b o l a e e r
.

pi si ng F ede ral o ffice r, wi thpro b ab ly

r m e w C lay

to n w as i n th e h ab i t o f ma king p eri od i ca l f o ray s i n th e

di recti o n o f O uachi ta ri ve r, andG e ne ral H o li ne ss t ho u g h t

it w ou ld b e w e ll to teach h i m a lesso n M arm a

.
d uk e 8

ed
c o mmandf o r the e xp i ti onco nsi stedo f hi s o wn o e
ed lo s
unde r Co l Co ltonGree ne ; Cab e ll s b ri gade under
.
'
C o l J C .

h
M onro e ; D o b b i us b ri gade unde r Co l R ( 3 N e wt ; n
t
’ e
o
‘m
. . .

d h d d m n k
p o rti on o f She lb b i i n pa y
’

y s r ga e t at ot a cco
1 50 CON FE D E RA TE MILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . P

i n to M i sso uri , und e r Co l . G . W . T ho mpso n ; an d thre e

batte ri es—aggre gati ng me n This fo rce was grad .

ually co n centrate d at Pri n ce to n n earl y mi d way b e tw e e n ,

Camd e n and Pi n e B lufi . B y a n i ght marchM armad u ke

re ach e d I i ne B lu the n e x t mo rn i n g be fo re se v e n o cl ock
f fi
’
.

C l ayto n was tak e n co mp l e te ly b y surpri se b ut i t was ,

Sunda y mo rni n g and hi s tro o p s w ere i n li n e f o r i nsp ec

ti o n . M armad uk e sup , p i ng he w o uld b e o ve rawe d b y

o s

su p e ri o r fo rce , se n t i n a fl ag o f tr u ce b y a sta fi o fli ce r d e

mand i n g hi s surre nd e r C layto n re fused to surre nde r

'

.
,

b ut the se ndi n g o f the fl ag o f tru ce cau se d a d e l ay o f a

hal f ho ur o r mo re and C l ayto n i mpro v e d the tima b y

,

co n stru cti n g f o rti ficati o ns o f co tto n b al e s o n all th e stre e ts

le adi n g to the co u rt h ou se i n th e p ub l ic square i n whi ch ,

the gre ate r p art o f his fo rce w as con ce n trate d M o n ro e .

was to attack o n the l e ft andN e wto n o n the ri ght whi l e ,

G re e n e andTho mp so n h e ld th e center N e wto n w as sl o w.

i n ge tti n g i n to p o si ti o n ,
whi ch caused a f urthe r de l ay .

M o nroe attack e d pro mptl y anddro ve the F e d e ral s i n hi s

fro n t i n to the fo rti ficati o n s and N e wto n di dthe same in
,

hi s f ro n t di re ctl y a fte rw ard Cl ayto n ho we v er be hi nd

.
, ,

hi s co tto n b al e s and i n a stro n g b ri ck b ui ldi ng w hi ch

was practi cally pro te cte d b y the surro unding bui ldi ngs
f ro m the fi re o f the arti ll e ry occupi e d a po si ti o n f ro m
,

w hi chi t was difi cult to d isl odge hi m M armad uk e go t .

p o s se ss i o n o f th e b u i ld i n g s f ro n t i n g o n th e sq uar e an d a ,

ho t fi re was k e pt up f o r se v e ral ho urs b e twe e n hi s me n

i n the m andthe F ed e ral s i n the co urt ho use wi tho u t any ,

parti cul ar re sul t F i re was tri ed b ut the co urt ho use b e

.
,

i ng a hun d re d yards fro m th e bu rni n g b u i ldi n gs the F e d ,

e rals w e re no t se ri o u sl y aff e cte d A t last the si tuati o n

.

re so l v edi tse lf i n to a ch arge on th e fo rtificati o n s andco u rt

house wi ththe ce rtai n l o ss o f se v eral hund red me n o r

, ,

an ab and o n me n t o f th e attack A fte r se ri o us co n si d e ra

.

ti o n M armad u k e d e ci d e d to wi thdraw T he F i fthK an sas .

,

C l ayto n s re gi me n t fo ll o w e d hi m and i n an O p e n fi e ld
’

, ,

a bo u t a mi l e f ro m to w n G ree n e s re gi me n t tu rne d u
'
po n
 CH APTER XV .

TH E M ISSO UR I B RIG AD E IN T H E G EO R G IA AN D T E N
N E SS E E CAM PAI G N S SE R ICE AT —
N EW H O PE V
— —
C H U R CH A T KE N ESAW MOU N TAI N IT CAP I U R ES
’ ‘

O N E O F TH E PO R TS AT A LLATOO N A —D I S A S T ER
—
AT FRAN KLIN REAR G U AR D IN T H E RE T R E AT
PRO M N ASH I LLE B LEVD SO E
'
S B A TTERY G EN ‘

E RAL MA U RY S O PIN I O N O F T HE B R I G AD E
‘
.

i n camp at D e mop o li s, and d uri ng the

re e nli ste df or th
-
e w ar, march edto L au

derdale Springs andthe n to Tusca loosa, and, o n the ra m

o f M ay, too k i ts p lace in the army o f Te nnessee , und er

h E J o hnston, in Fre nchs di vi si o no f Po lk s

' '
Ge n J ose p
. .

corp s . I t first b ecame engage d o n the 3 5 th, whe n the

army w as p oste d o n th e li ne o f N e w H o p e church I t .

was orde red to the suppo rt o f Ste wart s di vi si o n, and ’

he ld the li ne whi le mo ve dhis deadandwo unded

he re .

Du ri ng the ti me the armyo ccu p i edthe N e wH op e chu rch

line , Co l A C Ri ley, o f the F i rst M i sso u

. . . ri i nfa ntry,

was ki lle d whi le aslee pi n the rear o f the line H e was

lishe d cm
.

an acco mp ce r, andp o sse sse d i n a h i gh de gre e

the confid ence and aff ecti on o f h i s me n H e was su c .

cee d ed i n th e co mmando f th e re giment b y Li e u te nant

Co lonel Garland who was o n duty at R i chmonda t the
,

ti me , b ut i mmed i ate ly retu rned to th e regi ment and

assu medco mmand .

O n the 1 9tho f j u ne the b ri gad e w as p lacedo n the tap

o f Li ttle Ke nesaw mo u ntai n wi th ord e rs to h
, o ld th e

works the re The wo rks we re strongly b uilt ande asily

.

de fe nded, and fro m the m all the move me nts o f the

e ne my o n the p lai n b e lo w co u ld b e p lai nly se e n On .

the a7 ththe e ne my af ter a f u ri o u s cannonad

, e ad va nced ,
 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TO R Y . 158

i n strong f orce to assault the works . H i s fi rst li ne , no t

a h undre d yards distant when i t e me rge d f ro m the

woo ds, was checked and we nt down b e fo re the ste a dy

andw i the ri ng fire o f the M isso u rians .I t was succee de d
b y ano ther li ne wh i chgo t a li ttle clomr, whe n i t to o was
dri ven b ack . Then came a thi rdandnew li ne , he a vi e r
than ei the r o f the o thers that had p re ce d e d i t, w hi ch
made a mo re de te rmined assau lt, ad vance df arthe r a nd
stoo d i ts gro u nd longe r than they had, b ut i n the e nd
sh are d th e same fate —w as d ri ve n ba ck and hu rle di n

co nf u si o n d ow n the si d e o f th e mou ntai n I n thre e q

. uar -

te rs o f an hou r th e attack w as e nd edandth e e ne my g o ne ,

leaving his d eadi np i les on the si d e andat the b o tto m o f

the hi ll Ble d soe s and G u i bor s b atte ri es re nde re d

' '
.

e fi ci e nt se rvi ces in re p e lling th ese assau lts .

O n the 3 d o f J u ly Gene ral J ohnsto n wi thdre wf ro m

Kenesawandestab li sheda ne wli ne o nPe ach T r e e cre e k
andth e ri ve r b e lo w i ts month . H e hadb e e n succe ssf u l
i nall the b attles he h adf ou g h t d u ri n g th e ca m p a i gn I n .

ad di ti o n, G e ne ral F o rre st hadachi eve da b rilli a nt vi cto ry

o ve r Ge neral Stu rgi s i n no rth e rn M i ssi ssi p p i A .
t th is
j unctu re G e ne ral J oh nston was re lie ve do f the
by o rd e r o f th e Presi d e nt, and Ge n J o hn B .
H oo d .

assi gned to i t . Su b se q ue ntly, the first e ngage me nt i n

whi ch the b rigade to o k part was an attack b y a po rti o n
.

o f H ard
'
ee s c rp
o s on Th o m as
’
co lu mn T .h e M i ss o u r i a n s

di dnot fire a sho t, b ut were ke pt u nd e r fire a nd lo s t

6:

ki lledandwou nd ed m n th kill d b i n L i eu tena nt ‘

,
a o g e e e g
Co lone l Samu e ls o f G ates re gi me nt
'
. T he ne xt d a y t h ey

we re spe ctato rs of the same ki ndof fighti ng, b u t d i d n ot

su ff e r as the y d i db e fore . I n the fighti ng i nthe t r e n c h e s

aro u nd A tlanta , Li e ute nant Co lo nel M cD owe . f h

{ 11
e
- ll O

Third inf antry, and Captai n K enne rly, o f the F i rs t {

'

fantry, we re killed On the 7tho f Se pte mb e r the b n s

‘

h a lf
ad e d ro ve se veral F ed eral re gi me nts tw o an d 8

mile s re ca ptu redJ o nesb oro , o n Sh e rman s a nk .

'
fl h e l d i t
,

unti l ni ght andthenre turne dto the mai n comma fl d I n

1 54 C ON F E D E RA TE MILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

the latte r
p Se pte mbe r H o od co n ce n trate d hi s
a rt o f

force s andmo vedn o rthward B ut there was no fighti ng .

un ti l he reachedthe A ll atoo na moun tai n, w he n F re n ch s

'

di vi si o n was de tache d and ord e re d to tak e the post o f

Allatoo n a, whi ch was n gly fortifie d andhe ld b y the
stro

e n e my O n the summi t w ere thre e f o rts pro te cte d b y

.

fo rmi d abl e line s o f i n tre nchme n ts w hi l e on the e x pose d ,

si d es an ab a ti s h adbe e n mad e o f fe ll e d ti mbe r These .

forts guarde d the A l la too n a pass T he M i sso u . ri ans

made a dash for the fo rt the y w ere o rd e re d to assaul t ,

and afte r a stu

,
bbo rn fight n o twi thstandi n g the i mpe di
,

me n ts i n the i r way reache d andtoo k i t capturi n g part

, ,

o f th e garri so n the o th er p,
art esca p i n g to the n e x t fo rt .

Se ars b ri gad e fai l e d to ta k e the ad j o i ni n g fo rt and a

'
,

g e n e ra l a ssa u l t w as m ad e up o n i t B u t t h a t . too f ai l e d , , ,

andas F e d e ral re i n fo rce me n ts w ere ra i dl h i n

p y pp a ro a c g
G e n eral F re n ch o rde re d the troo p . s to wi thd raw tho u g h ,

the M i sso u ri an s w e re e age r to charge agai n In the .

ch arge o n th e first fo rt M aj o r Wadd e ll co mmand i n g th ,

e

Thi rd i n fan try was ki ll e d o n the summi t o f the i nn e r

,

p para e t H e
. w as a fi n e o ffi c e r an d g r e a tl y b e l o ve d b y
hi s co mmand .

Sho rtl y a f te r the fight at A ll atoo n a H oo dandShe rma n ,

p a rt e d co m p y
a n th e o n e t o
,
m a k e h i s ca m pga i n i n to

T e nnesse e and the o the r to p ursue hi s march to the se a .

Fro m A lla too n a to F ran k l i n w as a march o f fi f ty six -

days through the rains o f f all andw i n ter o ve r muddy

, ,

ro ad s o n sh
, o rt rati o n s wi th w o rn o u ,
t sho es andb l i ste re d
fee t and the relax ati o n o f d i ggi n g tre n che s bui l di ng
, ,

p o n to o n b r i d g e s an d occas i o n all
y s k i r m i sh i n g w i t h t h e

e n e my O n the 3 0 th o f N o ve mber the army re ache d

.

F rank l i n I n the a ttack Ste w art s co rp s w as o n th e ri ght

'
.
,

Che atham s o n the l e ft andthe cavalry o n e i the r fl an k

'
,
.

The a ttack w as mad e at f o u r o cl o ck i n th e e v e ni n g and

’
,

the M i sso u ri b ri gad e w e n t fo rw ard wi th i ts b and p l ayi ng

The troops carri e d the o ute r l i n e o f the e n e my s
'
D i xi e .

i ntre n chme n ts andadvan ce d agai n st the ir i n te ri o r li n e

, .
 CON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR K 55

A he avy b atte ry k e pt u pan i n ce ssa n t fi re o n the M i sso uri

a ns, b ut the i nfan try d i dno t op en u po n them un ti l the y
w e re wi thi n thi rty steps o f the w o rk s T he n the y w e re .

me t b y a te rri fic firefro m the troo ps arme d wi thse ve n

sh oo ti n g Sp e n ce r ri fl e s andi n fi ve mi n u
, te s the b ri gad e

was n e arly an nihilate d Ge ne ral Co ckre ll came o ut

.

wo unde d in b o tharms anda le g ; un ab l e to di smo un t fro m

hi s ho rse wi thout assi stan ce Co l one l G ate s horse f o l
.
’

lo w e d Gene ral Co ckrell s bo tharms o f i ts ri der han gi n g

’

l i mpand use l ess b y hi s si de Co l o n e l Garl and and

.

M aj o r Park e r, o f the F i rst and M aj o r Canifi o f the , ,

T hi rd regi me n t andn i n e tee n o the r co mmi ssi o n e d o fl

, i
ce rs w ere k i ll e d in the fro n t o f th
,
e ba ttl e be si d e a large ,

n umbe r w o unde d and mi ssi n g The bri gade l o st 45 7 .

ou t o f 68 7 me n Whe n i t j o in e d Ge ne ra l J ohnsto n i t was

.

strong .A fte r the charge at F ran k l i n i ts w ho l e

stre ngth w as 3 40 B e fo re the battl e the F i rst re gi ment
.

was co mmand e d b y Co l o n el G ate s the Se cond b y CO ! ,

o ne l Flo u rn o y th , e Th i rd b y M aj or Cani fi andthe F o u rth

b y Co l o n e l G arland A f te r the ba ttl e the F i rst w

. as

command e d b y Li e u te n an t G uthri e ; the Se co nd b y Li e u

te n an t Co lo n e l Coo p
- e r ; th e Th i rd b y Capt B e n G uthri e .
,

and th e Fou rth b y Cap tai n Wi ck e rsham M an y o f the .

me n w ere ki ll e d i n si d e the i nn e r wo rks havi n g fo ught ,

the i r w ay i n sp
,
i te o f all opp o si ti o n o v e r th e i n tre n ch
,

me n ts andi nto the e ne my s stro n ghold It was stri ctly

’
.

a n i n fan try figh t the arti ll e ry e x ce p t B l ed

'
,
so e s b atte ry
, ,

ta ki n g no p art i n i t The e n e my k ept u

.
pa ste ady fire
unti l mi dni ght whe n they re tre ate d to N ashvi ll e
, .

N o tw i thstandi n g hi s heavy l osses H oo d ad v an ce d the

n e xt e ve n i n g o n N ashvi ll e whi chTho mas he ld wi ththe
,

mai n army re i nf o rce d b y Scho fields vi cto ri o us fo rces ’

andp roceed e d to i n v est the p l ace On the 3 do f D e ce m .

b e r the M i sso u ri b ri gad e dro ve i n th e e n e my s o u tl yi n g

’

forces i n i ts fro n t and fo rti fie d i tse l f at the Mo n tgo mery

ho use . O n the sthi t was mo ve d to the e x tre me l e ft to
gu ard th e flan k , ando nth e ro th wi th a fo u r gu n batte ry
,
-
 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TO R Y .

an da squadro n o f cavalry, mo ve dto the mo utho f D uc k

to N ashville . B ut b e fo re i t hadacco mp li shedthi s, H o o d

was de feate d i n front o f N ashvi lle , on the 1 4th day o f
D ecemb e r, ando rd e rs w ere rece i ve d to j oi n the re trea t
i ng army at B ai nbri d ge . In the re treat the M issour i
b ri gade w as o ne o f th e se ve n b ri gad e s se le cte dto b ri n
g
upthe rear, andwas the last to cross the po ntoo n b ri dg e
o ve r th e Te nne ssee ri ve r—th e re ar o f th e rear gu ard .

B led so e s b atte ry march ed i n rear w i th the b ri gade ,

’

and w as f o u ght b y i ts intrep i dco mmand e r as cavalr

y,
i nfantry or arti lle ry as ci rcumstances req uired O ne .

mo rni ng, u j st b e f ore d ayli gh t, the b a tte ry h ad take n a .

osi tio n o n th e tu rnp ik e ove r th e b ro w o f a h ill, wi th

p
ad e epcu t i nf ront A he avy fo g concealede ve rythi n
g
.

at th e d i stance o f a f ewro d s . Imme d i ate ly afte r d ay .

b reak a re gi ment o f the e ne my s cavalry ap peare d, and

’

came w i thin tw enty y ard s o f th e b atte ry b e f ore d isco v

e ri ng i t. Ble d so e w as w ai ting andp re p are d . H i s guns
were i n posi ti on, doub le shotted, and trai ned on the
-

ro ad . In a lou d voi ce he called on the F e deral co m

m er to surre n ,
a n d der an d h e , t a k e n b y su rp ri se , su ne u
-
.

deredat once , andw i thhi s commandw as saf e ly d i sp o se d

o f b e fore any ad di ti onal f orce came up On anothe r .

occasi on the b atte ry re mai ned i n rear u ntil the e ne my

ch arge d and tri edto cap ture i t . B ut the gu ns w ent o fi

at fu ll sp ee d d ow n the road , m i xed w i th the chargi ng

ca valry, w ho co uld o nly use thei r sab ers, and loudly
calle d u pon the dri vers to sto p; b ut the d ri vers y e lle d

b ack that the y co u ldno t holdthe i r ho rses, andthu s mi n .

ed to e th ursu ers and p u ued ru shed u pon the

g l g er, p r s

i nfantry o f the re ar gu ardandth w

e b atte ry as safe w
,
hi le
i ts p ursue rs f oundi t necessary to re ti re in a hurry .

The army p asse d th rou gh Eastp ort ,

Iu ka andJ aci nta
to V e ro na A t this ti me Ge n D ab ney H M au
. . ry, w ho
w
.

had f re q uently co mmanded the bri gade andkne i t i n .

ti mate ly, w ro te i t a letter i n w hi chhe sai d: As fo r yo u,

D tiz e db yG o o
qn
 A
C ON F E D ERA TE M IL I T R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 57

u h v d e se rve dw e ll o f yo u r co un try Y o uh a ve b e e n
yo a e .

su ch so ld i e rs as the w o rld has n e ve r see n T hre e ye ars

.

have passe dsi nce first we me t i n the B os to n m o untai ns

a nd m arc h e d th gh the dri vi ng sno w to a ttack the
ro u

e ne my s army Fro m that ti me to thi s yo uha ve b e e n

'
.

vo luntary e x ile s fro m the land o f yo u r bi rth a nd the

homes o f all yo ulo ve Youw

. e re a mighty h o s t the n—yo u

are no wa re mnant o f b attle scarre d to i l w

-
,
o rn ve te rans
-
.

B ut yo ur he arts are b rave andtru e, y ou r e yes a re b ri g ht

"
andy ou r no b le p urposes are unshake n .
 C HA PTE R XVI .

GE N E RAL PRICE C OW D S TH E D ISTIN CT 09 AR .

KAN SAS—PARSO N S D I I SIO N SE N T TO GENE RAL

V
—
TA YLO R IN LO U lSIAN A T H E BA TTLE O F PLEAS
— '
AN T H i Lb N ARMAD U KE O PPOS ES STE ELE S AD
AN CE—STE ELE GO ES TO “ E D E N —PO ISON SPRI N G
V
—HA RKS’ MI LL — ST EEL E EVACU ATES CAH D EN
'

TO U TTLE R O CK

N March, i so4, Li eu .t Gen T

-
. . H Holmes was
.

re li eve d o f command o f th e d i s tri ct o f Arkansas

and ord ere d to re p o rt to Ri ch mond Mai - G e n .

Sterli ng Pri ce succe ed e dh i m i n commando f th e d i stri ct

.

Late in March She lb y s b ri gade w as se nt north o f th

’
e

Ou ach i ta ri ver to watch the mo ve me nts o f the e ne my,

f or i t b e gan to b e su sp e cte dth at tw o e xp ed i ti ons were
b e ing organi ze d w i th Shre vep ort as the ir o b ec ti ve j
poi nt, o ne from the south movi ng alo ng the li ne o f R ed
ri ve r, and th e o th e r from th e north starti ng fro m L i ttle

R ock andpassi ng throu ghthe sou thern art of the State

p .

Shelb y mad e h is head quarters at Pri nce ton, andi t was

not long b e fore he had the e ne my co nfined close ly to
Li ttle Rock and Pi ne Blu The b e li e f of a F ederal
'
fi .

ad vance soon b ecame a ce rtai nty, andthe re w as th e ex

ci tement o f p rep ara ti on i n everyco mmandi n th e d i stri ct

The i nfantry were orde re d from Camp B ragg to
Shreve p ort to re inf o rce Gen D i ck T aylor, w
. ho was pre
advance fro m the so u
'
p g
a ri n t o Op po se G e n era l B an ks th,

while General Pri ce remaine di n Arkansas to Oppo se wi th

the ca valry the ad vance o f Ge neral Stee le from the no rth .

The i nfantry, u nd e r th e command o f Ge ne ral Parso n s,

consti tu teda d i vi si o no f tw o b ri gad es, the Fi rst co m o sed
p
of the Ei ghth Mi ssou ri i n f antry, Co l C S M itche ll ; the
. . .

D gltiz edb yC o o c
 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 69

N i nth M i sso uri i nf an try, Co l J o hn B Clark ; andR u fi . .

ner s fo u r gu n b atte ry Co l o n el Cl ark, b e i n g the ran k a

'
-
.

i ng o fi ce r, co mmand e d the b ri gad e The Se co nd b ri .

d was compo se d o f the Te n th M i ssouri i nfantry 00 1

ga e ,
.

Wi ll i am M M oore ; the E l e ve n thM i sso uri i n fan try Co l 8

.
,
. .

P Bu
. r n s ; the Si x tee n th M isso u ri i n fan try L i e ut Co l P ,
.
-
. .

W Cummi n g ; Pi nd all s b atta l i o n o f sharpshoo te rs M aj

.
’

, .

L A Pi ndall ; andLesu eu r s M i sso u ri fo ur gu n ba tte ry

’
-
. .
,

Capt A A Le su. . eur Co l o n e l B u

. . rn s command e d th e

Ge n e ral Chu Arkan sas di vi si on was at the same

'
rchi ll s

ti me se n t to Shre v e p ort The two d i vi si o n s aggre gate d

.

ab o u t 4, 5 00 me n, andmad e Ge ne ral T aylo r s force ab o u

’
t
H e had fo ught the b a ttl e o f M an sfie ld be f ore
the arri val o f the re i nf o rce me n ts and dri v e n one corp s

o f B an ks army b ack u
'
po n th e o t h e r ,
a n d a t the ti m e o f
the i r arri v al w as p re pari n g to attack h i s army co n een
trate d at Pleasan t H ill , aggre gati n g ab o u t men .

A bo ut fo u r o cl ock o n the e v e ni n g o f th e oth o f A p ri l h

’
e

attack e d B a n k s i n a strong p o si ti o n Parso n s d i vi si on

’
.

was on the e xtreme ri ght o f Taylo r s li n e , w hi l e n e xt to ’

i t o n the l e ft was Chu rch ill s Ark an sas d i visi o n, the tw

’
o

di vi si o ns formi n g Churchi l l s corps The b a ttle ope n ed

’
.

wi th a heavy artill ery fi re , anda charge o f a re gi me n t o f

T e x as cavalry on the e n emy s ce n te r The charge was
'
.

re p ul se d, b ut the re gi me n t formed agai n be hi nd ri si n g

g rou nd a nd ch ar ged g a ll an tl y, w i th t h e sam e res ult .

Chu rch i ll the n orde re d Parso n s to charge wi th hi s d i vi

si o n , w h i ch he d i d dri vi n g the e n e my b e fore h
. i m, cap
tuxing 3 00
-
pri so n ers andtak i n g a b attery b ut f ound hi s ,

co mmand su bj ected to a heavy cross fire ando rdere d i t

to re ti re l osi n g i n d oi n g so tw
, o o f th e gu ns he hadcap .

tu ro d and1 5 0 o f th e p ri so n e rs he hadta k e n O n the cen .

te r and le ft the Co nf e d erates w e re mo re su ccessful .

The re Po l i gnac Walk er Gree n B e e and M aj or dro v e

, , ,

the e n emy ste adi l y be fore the m u n ti l ni ght cl ose d the

co n fli ct leavi n g th
,
e Conf ed erates i n p o sse ssi on o f the
1 60 C ON FE D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

fie ld . A fte r the b attl e the M i ssouri and A rka n sas co m

mands mo ve d b ack to wi thi n fo ur mi l e s o f M ansfie ld and

we n t i nto camp to re st pre paratory to the i r re turn to
Ark ansas .

A bo u t thi s ti me th e di stri ct co mmand er rece i v e d o fl i ci al

i n fo rmati o n o f the p ro mo ti o n o f Co l o n e l She l b y to b ri ga

di e t ge ne ral whi chwas onl y a pr0pe r re co gni ti o n o n the

-
,

f h e Co nf e d erate go v e rn me n t o f th servi ce s o f a
p ar t o t e

brave i n te ll i ge nt and succe ssf ul om

,
cer So me chan ge s .

had tak e n pl ace i n She l by s bri gade too d uri n g the

’

, ,

wi n te r Shan k s hadb e come co l o ne l o f J eans regim e n t

.
'
,

andSh e l by s p ro mo ti o n made G ord o n co l o n e l o f h

'
i s re gi
me n t Smi th had succe ed e d Tho mpso n i n co mma nd o f
.

Co ff ee s o ldre gi men t B lackw e ll w as l i e ute n an t co l o n e l

‘
-
.

o f G o rd o n s re gime nt andG eo rge Go rd o n maj or wh i le

’

, , ,

I rwi n be came l i e ute n an t co l one l o f Shan ks re gi me n t

’
-
,

a nd M cD ani el be came li e u tenan t co l one l u nde r Elli o tt,

-

a ndWal to n maj o r , .

E arl y i n A pri l Ge neral Steele mo v e d o u t o f Li ttl e R ock

andb e ga n hi s march so uthward to co 0pe rate wi th B ank s -

i n the capture o f Shre ve p o rt Stee l e too k parti cu

. l ar
p re ca u ti o n s to k eep h i s stre n gth th e co mp osi ti o n o f hi s
,

fo rce and the o bj ect and di recti o n o f hi s mo ve ment

se cre t M armaduk e was o rde re d to de l ay Stee l e as
.

much as po ssi b l e H e o rd ere d She l b y to fall i n hi s re ar

.

andann o y andre tard h i m b y stri ki ng andge tti n g aw ay

, ,

whe re ver o ppo rtun i ty o fi e re d She l by carri ed o ut hi s .

i n structi ons to the le tte r Captai n Wi l k i nso n b ro u

.
ght
in 1 8 p ri so n e rs Li e ute nan t Wo lf e nb e rge r b ro u
.
g h t i n n o

mo re to gether wi th the co n te n ts o f se veral commi ssary

,

wago ns A l to ge the r te n o r fi ftee n o f these de tache d par

.

ti e s re tu rn e d w i th su pp l i e s p n ers andhorses D avi d

r i so , .

so n s cav al ry w de morali ze d and rare l y ve n ture d

’
as

be yo nd the pro tecti o n o f the i nf an try In the me an ti me .

M armad u ke wi th hi s o wn bri gade had thro wn hi mse l f

, ,

i n Ste e l e s fro n t and co mp e ll e d hi m to hal t andd e pl o y

’

hi s i n fan try so fre que n tl ythat he made b ut sl o w pro gress

 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

i n hi s forward mo vemen t Whe n Stee l e crosse d the.

O uachi ta at Ark ad e l p hi a, She l by crosse d i t ei ght mi l e s

be l o w k e epi n g pace wi th hi m and l oo ki n g f or a we ak
,

l e in h i l um n i n d e r to stri k e h i m a su dd n b l w
p ac s co o r e o

i n fo rce Be yo nd the ri ver lay the b road ro ad fro m

.

A rka d e l p hi a to Washi n gto n Ste ele hadj u

. st p asse do ve r

it. She l by too k i t and was so o n close u p o n h i s rear .

H i s o rd er to the commande r o f hi s ad v ance was to charge

e ve ryth i n g i n si ght The first thi n g i n si ght w
'
. as Stee l e s

rear gu ard cav alry, h altedtemm rari lyat a sp ri n g C ap .

tai n Thorp ch arge d i t wi th Sh e l b y close b e h i nd hi m .

The re ar gu ard ta k e n u
,
nawares was b ro ke n and d ri ve n
,

p e ll-m e ll o n a su pp o rt i n g b ri ga d e o f i n f a n tr y w , h i ch i n

tu rn w as th ro w n i n to di sord e r and Sh ,
e l b y ch
, argi n g i t ,

the d i sord e r became co nfu si o n andth e co nfu si o n e nd e d

ina p reci p i tate re tre at B u t be fo re re treati ng they d

. e ~

li ve re d a vo ll e y whi ch se n t Cap tai n Tho rp do w n badl y

wounde d wi thhi s horse across hi m anda dozen o thers , ,

amo n g th e m Li e u t D an Tri gg o f M armad uk e s e sco rt ’

.

comp an y w ho had b e e n se n t the d

, ay b e fo re wi th fi ve

me n to find She l by and de li ve r so me ord e rs to hi m .

Tri gg wi th hi s small de tachme n t j o i n e d the ad van ce and ,

a t th e first fire h e and tw

,
o of h i s me n w e nt d o wn i n
death A b ri gade o f i nf an try and a battery w e re se n t
“

b y Ste e l e to the re l i e f o f the first bri gad e andSh , e l by ,

e n co u rage d b y h i s first su cce ss ch argedfu

,
ll up o n b o th .

The fight w as sh o rt and d esp e rate Af ter a stubb o rn

.

re si stan ce th e tw o bri gad e s re ti re d on th e mai n bo dy ,

and ni ght comi n g o n Sh e l by too k a b y road -

passe d
,

arou nd Stee l e s flank andthe next day reported to M ar

’
,

maduke withse ve ral hundre d pri so n e rs andfull i nf o rma

ti on in re gard to Stee le s stre n gthand the morale o f his
’

The udaci ty and vi gor o f She l by s attack s had the

a
’

e fi ect o n Ste e l e o f maki n g hi m much more cau ti o us in

hi s ad van ce than he hadbee n H e kept hi s co mmand .

we ll clo se d upanddi dno t marchmore than ei ght o r te n

Mo 1 1
1 62 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

mi l es a day Whe n he reached the Li ttl e M i sso uri he

.

di dno t attempt to cross i t untfl he hadbee n re i nf o rce d

by or me n unde r Ge neral Thayer whi ch ,

made his who l e fo rce pro bably men o f all arms .

The n he thre w a b ri gad e across the ri ve r, w hi chwas

p py
r o m tl d ri ve n b a ck u nd er co v er o f h i s ar ti lle ry yb
M armad u k e The second day afterward ho we ve r he
.
, ,

crosse d h i s who l e force , and mo vi n g o u t o f the b ottom

e n camp e d i n th e ti mbe r bo rd e ri n g o n Prai ri e dAne
'
.

Ge n e ral Pri ce wi thF agan s A rkan sas d i vi sio n and Ge n

’

e ral Gan o i n co mmand o f se ve ral re gi me nts o f Texan s and

Indi ans w e re camp

,
e d ab o u t five mi l es aw ay o n th e o ther

si d e o f th e ri ver, and M armad u k e a li ttl e to the n o rth

andn earer Stee l e E ve ry d . ay th e tw o f o rces ski rmish ed

o n th e p rai ri e andso me ti me s th
,
e figh ti n g b ecame li ve ly .

The thi rd d ay i n th e e ve ni ng Stee l e ad van ce d i n fo rce

, , ,

bu t M armad uk e re si ste d hi m so stubbornl y that j ust

a f te r dark h e dre w b ack to th e camph e h adle f t andte

mai n e df or the ni ght The n e x t mo rn ing at sunri se bo th

.

fo rces we re in li ne o f b attl e and co n fro n ti ng eacho the r

o n th e cp e n l e ve l p rai ri e The su . n sho ne b ri ghtly and
Stee l e s army was an i nsp i ri ti n g si ght H i s li n e e x
’
.

te nded fo r more th an a mi l e , wi th th e i n fan try i n th e

ce n te r th ,
e arti ll ery be tw ee n th e b ri gad es and th e cav

alry d e p l oyed o n the fl ank s, e ve ry fl ag d i sp laye d andthe

arms o f th e me n fl ash ing b ri ghtly i n the sunl i ght .

Ge n eral Pri ce d eci d e d not to acce p t the challe n ge to

b attle Two ro ads w e re ope n to Ste e l e —one to Washi ng
.
.

to n th, e o th e r to Camd e n If he too k the first i t b ecame

.

e vi d e nt th at h e h adno t ab and o n e dhis i n te n ti o n o f go i ng

to Shre ve p o rt I f he too k the last he hadsu

. re l y ab an

d o ue d that i n tenti o n and propose d to re turn to Li ttl e

R ock o r p, erh ap s atte mp t to hold Camd e n and so u thern
A rk an sas Pri ce d i vi d e d hi s f orce he wi thF agan s di vi si o n
'
.
,

andG an o s tro o p s fall i n g back o n th e Wash i n gto n ro ad

’
,

and M armad uk e s di vi si o n re ti ri n g o n the Camde n ro ad

'
.

Ste e l e w e nt to w ard Camde n w hi ch hadbeen fo rtifi e d the

,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 63

ye ar b e f o re b y H o lme s M armadu
. ke re ti re db e f o re hi m ,
sk i rmi sh i ng li ghtly, u nti l he reache d a p o i nt kno wn as

Po i so n Sp ri ng, ab o ut fi ve miles fro m Camde n, whe re he

made a de termi ne d sta ndf or an hour or m ore —c o mpe l
li ng S tee le to de ploy hi s i nfantry andb ri ng hi s a rti lle ry
i nto acti on—to gai n ti me to have the mili ta ry sto re s and
o ther go vernment p ro pe rty i n Camd en d e stro ye d H is .

o rd e rs we re no t to o ccu py C am den,b utto lea v e i t to th e le f t

andho lda roa dru nni ng so utheastfrom the to wn T he se .

d
o r e rs he ute dto the le tter
ex e c .

Ste e le wai te di n Camde n to learn the re sult o f B ank s

‘

Shre vepo rt e x pe d i ti o n Pri ce w

. ai te d ou tsi d e C amd en

f o r re i nf orce me nts and f o r S tee le to make a mo ve me nt .

Pri ce s headq
'
uarte rs we re at M unn s M ill pro b a b ly te n ’

mi les f rom Camde n M armaduke was encampe d wi thi n

.

tw o miles of the to w n S te e le was short o f pro vi si o ns

. ,

anda f e wd a s af ter he o ccu i e dth wn h se nt o ut a

y p e t o e

f oragi ng trai n on the Washi ngton roado f two hundre d

wago ns guarde db y a re gi ment o f cavalry a re gi me nt o f
, ,

whi te and two re gi me nts o f ne gro i nfantry and a b a t

tery to re p
, le ni shhi s co mmi ssari at M armadu . ke aske d f o r
Cab e ll s b ri gade andf o r pe rmi ssi on to i nterce pt an
'
d c a
l l? "

e w as se nt h i m
tare the trai n andi ts e scort T he b ri gad
.

andth e p e rmi ssi o n gi ve n Shelb y s b ri g d

. a e w
’
a s a b se n t

on d e ta che d se r vi ce .M armaduke s f orce co

’
n si s te d o f

hi s o wn and C ab e ll s b ri gade aggre gati ng ab o ut

’

W
,

me n andH arri s a ndH ughes f o ur gun b atteri

’ '
- e s h e n .

he reachedthe Washi ngto n ro adhe le arnedth e F e d e r a l

co lu mn had b e e n rei nf o rced b y a re giment o f ca valry
anda b atta li o n o f w hi te i nf antry B ut he push .
e d o n a n d
met the f oragi ng party re turni ng a t Po i so n Spri ng
m
.

J ust as he reache dthe re Ge ne ra M ax e y wi th tw a ll

—
o s

b ri gad es — o ne o f T e xans andthe o th e r o f I nd i ans d o m e d

him M axe y was ranking c fii ce r, b ut decli ne d
.
t o t a k e

e on
the co mmand . H i s f orce was a t so me li ttle di st a n c

a road comin
g i n from the so uthe as t M arm a d u k e or
h
.

dered the Tex ans and Indi ans to advance thro g u h t e

1 64 CON F E D ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

w o o ds fro m w here the y we re andmak e a n o i sy de mo n ,

strati o n o f attack on th e F e deral ri gh t the who l e F e de ral ,

f o rce be i n g i n l i ne o f b attl e fro n ti n g hi s andCab e ll s '

bri gad e s The d emo n strati ons on thei r flan k d ece i ved
.

the F ederal s and j u ,

st as th e y we re ch a n gi n g fro n t to

me e t i t Cabe ll s and M armaduk e s b ri gades charge d

' ’

them u nde r co v e r o f a heavy arti ll ery fire andi n l e ss

than fiftee n mi n u te s th e y w e n t all to p i e ce s M arma .
~

d uk e had ke pt Wo o d s b attali o n mo un ted b ut when he

'
,

o rd e re d him to mak e p ursui t o f the fl ee i n g e n e my ,

M ax e y co u n te rmande d the o rd er and di re cted hi m to ,

p u t h i s me n to gath e ri n g the sp o i l s o f th e fi e ld T h e .

Sp o i l s amo u n te d to fo ur pi ece s o f arti ll e ry, wi th cai sso n s ,

a bo u t musk e ts 2 0 0 si x mu
,
le w ago ns l o ad ed wi th
-

e ve r
y p s e ci es o f p l und e r a n
,d se v e ra l a m b u l a n ce s T h e .

e n e my l o st 6 0 wh i te and 4 00 n egro so ld i e rs ki l led and

wo und e d and 3 5 0 pri so ne rs All o f the m might have
.

be e n capture d i f the pursui t hadbee n mad e b ut bei ng ,

un pursue d the gre ate r part w o rk e d the i r way aro und to a

roadgo i n g i n to Camd e n fro m th e w e st andre j o i n e d th e ir

army .

Stee l e was still so re l y pre sse d f o r pro vi si o n s andi n ,

hi s e x tre mi ty starte d out a no ther fo ragi n g trai n, ab out

as l arge as th e first and abo u t as stro n gl y gu ard e d to ,

Pi n e B l uff f o r sup p li es A.f te r t h e afi ai r a t Po i so n

Sp ri gn G e n e ra l S m i th — who had co me upf rom Shre ve

p o r t, b ri n g i n g Parso n s
'
an d C h u rc h i l l s d i v i
’
si o n s wi th
hi m—co n ce i ve d the i d e a o f se nd i n g th re e b ri gad es o f

caval ry to th reate n Li ttl e R ock F agan s d i vi si o n con

’
.
,

si sti n g o f Cabe ll s and D ocke ry s bri gades, re i n fo rced b y

’ '

She l by s b ri gad e , was sel ecte d She l by was at M i ll e r s

’ '
.

B luff , andF agan j o i n e d hi m the re and crosse d the ri ver .

H e k n e w at that ti me n o thi n g o f Ste e l e s foragi n g trai n

’
,

bu t whe n he reache d M arks M i ll he learn e d o f i t, and

’

that the n e x t d a
y i t wo u ld cross the Sali n e ri ve r and
pro b ab l y b e b e yo nd hi s re ach I t was, the re fo re , d e ci de d
.

that Cabe l l and D ock e ry sho u ld attack i n re ar the n e x t

1 66 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

co mmandto the vi cini ty o f Arkade l phi a thi rty five miles ,

-

a w ay to ge t fo rage f or th
,
e h orse s andl e ft the w
, ay Op en

f o r Ste e l e to thro w hi s p o n to o ns across the ri ver and ge t

a t l east a day s start i n th

'
e race f o r Li ttle R ock or Pi ne

B lufl O n the 2 5 th— the d

. ay after th e cap tu re o f h is
trai n at M arks M ill—Stee l e e v acu ate d Camd e n Whe n
‘
.

i t was k no wn that he hadl e ft, the i nf an try whi chw as ,

camp e d e l e ve n miles back, w as h urri ed to the fro n t and

o ccu p i e d the to wn b u t i t, w as fo u nd tha t th e po n too n s

were a day s march i n the re ar, andthe ri ver could no t

’

b e crosse d wi tho u t the m .

I n the me an ti me M armad u k e was o rd ere d to cross the

ri ve r wi th h i s bri gad e and ge t i n Stee l e s fro n t at
'

Pri n ce to n .To cro w the li ve r he had to go do w n i t to

Whi te hall fiftee n mi l es and fe rry hi s me n andswi m hi s
, ,

ho rses o ve r andhe re ache d Pri n ce to n j ust as Stee l e was

,

l ea vi n g o n the road to L i ttle R ock H e too k upthe .

p u rsu i t at o n ce an d t h e re w
, as sh arp fighti ng at ti mes

be twe e n hi s ad van ce and Stee l e s re ar guard A bout

'
.

n oo n i t be gan to rain heavi l y andin a li ttl e w hi l e the

,

arms , acco u terme n ts and cl o thi n g o f the me n we re

d re n che d and the roads be came almost i mpassabl e
, ,
.

J ust b e fo re n i ght Sali n e ri ve r was reache d andthe e n emy

di sappe are d i n the gl oom o f i ts he avi ly woode d b o tto m .

T he cav al ry fe l t o f the i r li n e s andfindi n g that the y w ere

to o stro n g andfirm to b e su cce ssfu ll y attack e d wi thd re w ,

to th e b lu fl a mi l e anda half in the rear, andb i vo uack ed

,

unde r the tree s f o r the ni ght wi tho ut foo d o r co veri ng

, .

The rai n fe ll all n i ght wi tho ut ce asi n g andthrou ,ghi t

all th e i n fan try to i l e d o n w ard to re ach th e fro n t B ef o re .

d ayli ght the he ad o f the co l umn appeare d ; the me n wet ,

be draggl e d hun gry and ti re d Ge ne ral Smi th ord e red

, .

M armaduk e to l o cate the e ne my whi chhe d ,

i d findi n g ,

the m in force i n the p o si ti o n s the y occu pi e d th e e ve n i ng

b e fo re . Two re gi me n ts o f hi s bri gad e di smoun te d , ,

we re d e pl o ye d as sk i rmi she rs andhe ld the ir gro und and

,
 CON FE D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 67

k e pt up a stea dy fire on the e n e my un ti l the y finally

crosse d the ri ver andescape d .

A l o n g one si de o f the road le adi n g

do wn to the ri ver
was a cree k so me ti mes wi thout w ate r b ut nowbank
, ,

ful l Thi s cree k pro tecte d the F e d e ral s ri ght fl

. an k
’
In .

the i r front w as a large o p e n fie l d On the ir l e ft was a.

hea vy wood Thro ugh thi s ope n fie ld wi th the e n e my

.
,

p ro tec t e d b y th e ti m b e r o n t he o th er si d e C h u rc h i ll '
s

di visi o n w
,

as ord e re d to ch arge The y w e n t i n wi tha

.

ru sh b u,
t the mu dIwas dee p andas soo n as the y go t i n
,

the fie ld the enemy o p e n e d a terri fic fire o f mu sk e try

from the ti mb e r li n e o n thei r fro n t and ri ght flank .

Af te r a short and d esp e rate stru ggl e the y w e re dri ve n

back The n Parso n s di vi si o n was se n t in and i t
.
'
,

too afte r a b l oo dy stru

, gg le w as re u
p e d A fte r a
l
,
s .

u W lk n T x d i vi i on w as ord ere d i n
’

p a s e a er s s tro g e as s ,

and a fte r a treme ndou s stru gg le w as b ea t e n b ac k T he .

fight was mad e b y the di vi si o n s sep arately The y w ere .

no t at any ti me wi thi n sup p o r ti n g d i sta n ce o f eac h o th e r ,

and d i d no t su pp o r t e ac h o th e r B y d e fl e c ti n.
g a li tt le

to the ri ght the w oo ds co u ld have bee n cl eare d o f the

e n emy anda ch argi n g li n e h av e h ad o nl y the e n e my i n

fro n t to co n te nd wi th A secti o n o f R u . flne r s batte ry ’

was o rde re d to tak e po si ti on i n thi s fie ld but b e fo re i t ,

hadfire d two rounds the men andho rses were sho t d o w n

andth e gu ns capture d I t was a use l ess sacri fice When
. .

the M i sso u ri di vi si o n made i ts ch a rge andw as sh ak e n b y

the terri b le cross fire o f the e n emy Ge n e ral M armad u

-
.
, ke
and h i s ai d e d e camp Cap
- -
t Wi l li am M
, . Pri ce rod e .
,

among the me n and eachtaki n g a b attle fl

, ,
ag i n hi s b and ,

le d the m forw ard, b ut o nl y e v e n tu all y to b e force d to

re ti re .

Ge n e ral Pri ce w as i n command o n th e fie l d, Ge n e ral

Smi thb e i n g a mi l e anda half b ack o n the hi nd Whe n .

the i n fan try hadbe e n b e ate n in d etail, andthe fighti n g

had ce ased , wi th the e xcepti o n o f the firi n g o f the ski r
mishara, Ge n e ral M armad uke gallope d b ack ande xplai ne d
 C H A PT E R X VII .

M AR M A D U K E AN D G R E E N E S B RIGAD E O N T H E M I S
’

V —
S I SSI PPI R I E R T H E BATTL E O F D I TC H B A YO U
S H E L B Y G O E S TO N O R T H AR KAN S AS KI D S T H E —
C O U N TR Y O F TH E R O B B ER BAN D G—C A P T U R E S A
G UN BO AT —
A N E N G A G E ME NT W ITH C A R R CA P —
—
T UR E O F AN lLL I N O l S R EG IME N T F I G H TS A T B I G
—
C YPR ESS PR I C E C R O S S E S TH E A R KA N S A S A T D A R
D AN E L L E .

FT E R the b attle o f J enki ns F e rry on Sali ne ri ve r.

‘

Gene ral Pri ce e ncam p e d th e i nf antry o f hi s di s .

tri ct aro u nd C amde n ; d e tache d Sh e lb y s b ri ga d

'
e

fro m Marma du k e s di vi si o n and o rd e re d i t to op

'
e ra te

aro u nd A rkade lp hi a and watch Ste e le at L i ttle R o c k .

and sent M arm ad uk e wi th Gre ene s b ri ga de to C hi co t
'

cou nty—the e xtre me so uthe astern co unty o f the S ta te

to i nte rf ere w i th the na vi ga ti on o f the M i ss i ssi ppi n ve r
andp re ve nt the transp o rta ti o n o f me n an d su pp li e s o v er

it. A t Sali ne ri ver M a rm adu ke re ce i ve d th e o r d e r of

h n k Of
Gene ral Smi th anno unci ng hi s pro mo ti on t o t e ra

major ge neral, whi ch e nti tle d hi m o f ri ght to the co m

~

mand o f a di vi si o n; b ut, stra ngely e nough, o n e o f h i s

b ri gad es w as ta ken f ro m hi m and h e w as l e f t w i t h 8

The servi ce i n Chi co t co u nty was the lighte s t d an

1 1 1 08 ?

agre eab le the M i sso u ri ca valry hade ve r b e e n o r d e re d to

Pe r f orm I t w as a ri c h co unt a ndi ts i nhab i ta n ts w e re

y
we althy i nte lli ge nt a nd hospi ta b le The y we r
,
e s o m e

u
, .

what gi ven to trading withthe F e der als b ut th h

s
e i r o se
,

we re always O pe n to the Co nf e der ate s andthe y ,

1
thei r ki nd ly f ee li ng to ward the m i n nu mb e rle ss
L
i
W3 YB M armaduke e sta b li she dhi s he adq uart e rs a t
ed
~

e d
t li ttle to w
c
V g,aP
i lla e le asa n n a nd f ro
.
m th e r i re
17 0 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

O p e rati o n s a gai n s t b o a ts n a v i g a ti n g th e r i v e r L a ke .

V i llage n estles cosi ly o n the o ute r e dge o f Lake Chi co t .

The lak e was no do u bt at o ne ti me the b e do f the ri ver ,

andi s cresce n ti c i n form I t i s pro b ab l y fiftee n mi l es i n

.

l ength ando n an average hal f a mi l e i n w i d th I ts two

, .

e nds ap p r oa ch n e a rl
y to th e r i v e r B u t L
. a k e V i ll ag e i s

si tu ate d o n i ts o u te r e d ge and i s se ve n o r e i ght mi l es

fro m the ri ve r F ro m thi s po i n t o f van tage the ba tte ri es
.

— H arri s and H ynso n s

' '
we re se n t w i th a re gi me nt
e v e ry d ay to fire o n b oats p assi n g u panddo wn w i ththe ,

re mai nd e r o f th e b ri gad e i n easy su pp o r ti n g d i s tan ce if

the y w e re thre ate n e d b y a land force I t was spl e ndi d
.

p rac ti ce f o r th e a r ti ll ery m e n a n d th e y l i k e d i t T h e y .

co u ld se e the e ff ect o f n e a rl y e ve ry sho t the y fire d and ,

the y so o n be came so e x p e rt th at th e y co u l d ri ddl e a

tran sp o rt i n sh o rt o rd e r and w e re mo re th
,
an s match

f o r the li ghta rmore d and li ghtl y arme d gun bo a ts that

,

patro ll e d the ri ve r T he co mmand be came i n f act a

.
, ,

g rea t n u i sa n ce t o t h e F e d e ra l s b u t i tw,
as h ard to ge t at

andd i sl o d ge .

A t last the F e d e ral autho ri ti e s at V i ck sb u rg deci d e d to

dri ve i t aw ay at all hazard s andbe gan o rgan i z i n g a fo rce

,

for that p urpose M armaduke l e arn e d o f i t andasked

.
,

f o r Cabe ll s b ri gad e w hi chw as se n t to h i m b ut the Fe d

'
, ,

e rals d e l aye d th e i r mo v eme n ts and th e bri gad e was

o rdere d h ack to F agan l e avi n g M armad u
, k e wi tho nl y
hi s o ld bri gad e und er co mmand o f Col Co l to n G re e n e . .

A t l e n gth the F e d eral s came about , stro n g u nde r ,

Ge n A J Smi th The y l and e d at the l o w e r p

. . . .
‘
oin t of

the l ak e andw e re me t b y B u rb ri d ge and h i s re gi me n t ,

who stubbornl y co n teste d the ir ad van ce aro und the l ak e

a ndgave M armad u k e ti me to ge t read y to re ce i ve the m .

T he b ri gad e mo ved d o wn andme t the m abo u t half w ay

at D i tch B ayo u —a lo w sl uggi sh stre am w i thstee pba n ks

, ,

a nd a mi r
y bo tto m that e n te re d the lak e at a ri ght
,

a ngl e . H ere M armad uk e fo r me d hi s co mmand w i th the

a d van ta e o f p
g osi ti o n i n hi s fav o r He w . as i n hea vy
 C O N F E D E R A TE M I L I TA R Y 1 1 7 5 TO R Y . 171

ti mb e r whi ch d d prote cti o n to his sha rps ho o te rs

afi o r e
,

while the e ne my hadto approachfor a qua rte r o f a m ile

o ver o p en gro u nd H e hadthe b ayoui n hi s f ro nt whi le
.

the f oe had to cro ss i t andb esid ,

e s he had two b a tte ri e s

in p e rf ec t co nd i ti o n and trai ni ng H is a rti lle ry was.

po s te di n se cti o ns along hi s line .

B urb ri d ge crosse d the b ri d ge o ve r the b a yo ua nd dc

straye d i t Ge ne ral Smi th deplo ye d two re gi m e nts
.

whe n he came to the c pe n gro und b ut di d no t e ve n ,

su cce e di n d ri vi ng the ski rmi shers i n T he n he b ro ug ht .

hi s arti llery andmost o f hi s i nfantryf o rce i nto acti o n and

atte mp te d to cross i t agai n Marmaduke s arti lle rym e n
‘
.

sh ow edthe go o de fi e c t o f thei r p racti ce o n the ri ve r a nd ,

made o ne b atte ry afte r ano the r wi thdraw f ro m the fi e ld

in a d amag e d co nd i ti on Th e i n f.an tr y d i d n o t g e t h a lf

way acro ss the o pe n space Agai n Smi th re f orme d hi s

m w
.

li ne andmad e a d e sp e ra te a tte m to f o rc e h i s a y b l t
fi s ,

wi thno b e tte r succe ss thahb e fore Then he masse dh .

ar ti lle ry andthre wo u t a heavy li ne o f s ki r m i s h e r s a n d .

under co ve r o f the fire of these se nt a b ri g a

,
d e t o “ 0 8 8

the b ayo ua mile ab o ve M armad uke s po n A M

a
'
i r
si t o s .

madu ke s li ne was no t mu
‘
ch more th an a he a vy s ki fl m S h
li ne at b est he co uldno t mee t thi s flank m o v e m e n t a n d .

a nd
,

wi thdre w Passi ng up the lake to Lake

.
V i l l a e
g .
d D i tch
there lea vi ng i t and maki ng a d e tou r he C r o s s e
d
,

d
.

B ayou a m i le ab o ve where Smi th had cro ss f

e i t a l
,

h ar tu
ne x t morni ng me rom d i t and app e are d n i
o s r e

u h im
steado f i n f ro nt o f hi m H e f o llo wed clo s e p o n
m
.

hi s bo ats a t the uppe r e ndo f the lake , and fi r e d o n h i

as h e e mb a rke d hi s me n a nd re tu rne dto V ic k s b u rg t o

clai m a gre a t vi cto ry T hi s was j une 6 1 8 6 4

m
. ,
at
T hat e ve ning M armadu k e re o ccup i ed hi s 0 1 5 c a p
Lake V illage M armaduke s loss i '
n k ill e d a n d w o w “ d
was “ M aj C C R ai nwa te r o f his staff w
.

a s so se
. . ,
. .
,

vere ly w oun de d as to b e dsa b d

i l e d u ri n g th e

war T he e ne my s loss acco rdi ng to the sta

'

h o rtly
.
,

n w u d d w u n d ed s
p r i so e rs as
. a b o t 3 5 0 i
k ll e an o »
l72 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y.

af te r this M armaduke o bta i ne dan e x tende dleave o f ah

se nce to vi si t h e ad q u ar t e rs at S hre ve p ort andCo l Co l , .

ton G ree ne i n co mma ndo f the b ri gad

,
e co ntinu ,
edo p er

ati o ns i n Ch ico t co u nty u nti l he was o rd e redto o b s tru ct

the navi gati o n o f the A rkansas w hi chhe e ff e ctually di d
, .

Watchi ng Stee le f rom the vicini ty o f Arkadelphi a was

weari some work f o r Shelb y andhe soo n appli edfor pe r
,
’

missi o n to cro ss the Arkansas ri ve r andkee p Steele e m

d d d h m m u cati on w i thD e vall s
'
p lo y e e f e n i ng i s li ne o f co n i
B lufi to pre ve nt hi s army b e ing isolated at L i ttle R o ck
, .

Af te r so me delay and d ifficu lty he go t p e rmi ssi on to go

wi th almost unli mi ted li b erty to act af ter he arri ve d

the re . A ll the o utfit he ne ed edw as tw enty five w ago n-

load s o f ammu ni ti on H e passe dthro u

.
ghCad d
o mo u n
tai ns andto ok D ard anelle at a d ash, cap tu ri ng the g a r

ri se n anda large amo u nt o f army store s In the ne i gh

. .

b orho odo f D ard ane lle h e me t Co lo ne l J ackman, w ho had

au thori ty f ro m Ge n Ki rby Smi th to recru
. i t a b ri gade ,

and at once i nvi ted h i s cc ope ra ti o n

- J ackman was a
.

sp le nd i dso ldi er mi d j u
, st th e man Sh e lb y w antedto p ut
i n commando f the troops he i ntend ed to organi ze .

N o rthArkansas at thi s ti me w as filledw i th d e serte rs ,

mu rd ere rs and marau ders fro m b o th armi e s who had ,

o rgani ze dth e mse lves i nto b and s andto rtu re dandp lun
dere d the pe o ple i ndi scri mi na tely O ne o f She lb y s .
'

duti e s was to b reak upthese b ands andki ll or d ,

ri ve i nto

the servi ce the me n w ho comp o sed th em H e iss ue da

.

proclama ti o n o rderi ng the m to jo in o ne army or the

o th e r and w
, arning th e m o f the w rath i f the y d i dno t .

The y hadb ee n threa te nedi n that wayb e fore andp a i dno

atte ntion to h is p ro clamati on Then hi s b e st sco uts

.

we re calle d i nto requisi tio n and the o utlaws we re ,

hu nted dow n and sho t like w i ld animals They so o n

.

le arne d that the p rocla mati o n meant w hat i t said a nd ,

that the re w as a man b e hi ndi t w ho w ou ld e nf orce i t to

the le tter . T hat w as e no u gh The ro bb e r b and
. s ce ase d

to ex i st and those who had b e lo nge d to them fl e d the

 CON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 73

co untry— we nt to the F e de rals o r j o inedso m e C onf e derate

co mm andb e i ng o rgani z e d .

H avi ng paci fi e d the co u ntry i n a ro ug h b ut e Ee c ti ve

way a nd go t the b usi ness o f recrui ti ng f ai rly sta rte d
,

She lb y lo o ke d aro undf o r so me thi ng to ( l o —so me e ne my

,

to fi ght so m e dari ng e xplo i t to acco mpli sh—tha t wo u

- ld
a ttra ct Ste e le s atte nti o n to th e north s i d e o f the ri ve r
’

and i nd uce hi m to le t the south si de alo ne . Whi te ri ve r

was the b as e o f F e de ral o perati o ns i n N o rth A rk ansas .

I t was ali ve w i th gunb oa ts and a rai lro ad whi ch sup

, ,

d m d e R o ck w i h D e vall s
‘

p li S l n i l
’
e tee e s ar y co n e c te L tt t
Wi tho ut disturb i ng the re crui ti ng e mce rs i n the i r
,

Biu fi .

wo rk o r taki ng a re crui t wi th him S he lb y mo ve dthe .

b ri g ade q ui e tly b ut swif tly do wn to Clare ndo n o n Whi te ,

ri ver fo u rte e n mi le s b e lo w D evall s B lufi A t C lare n

'
.
,

don, hi s sco uts i nf orme d hi m was an i ro nc la dgunb o at

,
,

anch ore d i n mi d stre a m—the Qu ee n C i ty . A f te r ni ght

he p a p ro ac h e d e to wn, surro
th u n d e d i t w i t h h i s sco u t s»

wi th o rd ers to arre st eve ry p e r so n co m i n g a n d g o i n g3

and at mi d ni ght w i th arti ll e ry m u fi e d ,
cr e p t s te al t h i l y
i nto the to wn masked his b attery wher e he co uldswee p
,

rmi sh
,

the d eck o f th e bo t d p y
a e lo ,
e d th e b r i g a d e a s s k i
e rs all aro u ndi t, and wai te df o r mo rni g n .
j u s t a t d ay .

li ght the o rd e r to fire w as gi ven and ,

f o u r P ar r o t t 8 1 111 9

ou e ned fire si mu u l n “
sand ri fl es o p
°
anda th l ta n o 1
e o s y
b oat and sho t do wn e ve ry man w ho a pp e a r e d o n d e ck
,
h
The b oat w h d h i t t
or tri e d to fire a canno n
e
.
a s a r »

crew p ani c stri ck en o fl i ce rs d e moraliz e d a

,
n d as v o lley

er fl
,

after volley w as p ou re d i nto h er, sh tr u c k h ag

a é
e s

The b oat was arme d wi th thi rtee n 3 z p d u n

i
011
- fl g s ,

l a
hadas goo da cre w as any F ede ral b oat 5 1 1 1 ? p a ro
.
3 9
3u two 0 f
the o fii ce rs and cre w andb u rnedth e b as i l» “ h g

is
(
her gu n s w i th w hi ch h e e x te m por i z e d a b a tt e r
w
y
hat the o the r g un
o“
ore and w ai te d to se e w
sh
b o a t s
,

do abo ut i t .
 CON FED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

mandOpene dfire oni t Colii ns battery andthe guns of

.
‘

the i mp ro vi ac d b atte r
y re p li e d, and for mo re tha n an
hou r it w as an e ven figh t b e tw ee n the si x gu ns of these
ba tteri es andthe thi rty od ~
dguns of the i ro nclads I n the .

e ndi t w as a d raw n fight The guns of th

. e i mp ro vi se d

b attery w e re d i smou nte db y a chu ce sho t anda lea di ng

,

gunboat the lyler, was so rou gh and ledthat i t had

'
, ly h
to b e to we dou t o f range b ythe other bo ats Bu t She lb y
.

re mai ned i n p ossessi on o f th e fie ld andw as enti tle dto

claim th e vi cto ry. Thi s fighti ng at Clare nd on co u ldnot

f ai l to attract the attenti on of the troops at D e vall s
‘

Blu fi , fou rte en miles d ista nt and Gen E ugene Carr was
. .

sent ou t w i th men of all arma to capture She lb y

and h i s co mmand or d ri ve them o u t o f th e d i s tri ct .

She lb y kne wCarr, andi t no d oub t amu sedh im w hen he

learne dw ho was to b e p i ttedagai nst hi m H e dre wb ack
.

ou t o f range o f the gu nb oats, w hi chwere a p art o f Carr s

’

co mmand ,
and w ai ted It tool: Carrso me time to d ri ve
Shelb y s ski rmishers b ack on the mai n line, but ha vi ng
'

d o ne i t h i s i nf antry charged and w ere d ri ven b ack b y

wi th ski rmishing and long rangeo

arti lle ry firi ng, unti l
She lb y, learni ng that a strong fo rce w as mo vi ng f ro m S t .

Ch arles to get i n h is rear, made a ru sh at Carr andd ro ve

hi m back nearlyto the ri ve r, andthe n w i thd re w to a vo i d

be i ng hemmedi n b y tw o su peri or forces Carr f ollo we d

.

at a re sp ectfu l distance , ne ve r co mi ng to close q uarte rs,

until the cri ti cal po int f o r She lb y hadb ee n passe d, whe n
he preci pi tate ly w i thdrew andsou g ht t h e p ec ti o n o f
ro t
hi s gu nb oats . She lbycrossedB ayoud e i e wandwent
V
i nto camp at j ackso np ori . w he re he hadconstructe da
sort o f p o nto on b ri d ge across Whi te ri ver .

While She lby hadb e e n engagedo n hi s Clarendon e x

pedi ti o n he had no t b ee n unmi ndf ul o f the co ndi ti o n o f
thi ngs f arth er w e st i n th e di stri ct. H e hadsent C a pt .

M au ri ce Langh o rne and his com m y on a sco uti ng

f o ray i n the d irecti o n o f Searcy to learn th e si tua ti o n
 C ON F E D ER A TE M ILI T R Y H I S TO R YA . 176

there an d alo ng the li ne o f the railroadb e twee n D e vall s ’

B luff and L i ttle R ock . Langhorne was a n e x pe ri e nce d

so ld i er a nd sco ut and too k no thing f o r g rante d b ut
, ,

we nt i nsi de the e nemy s li nes to see f o r hi m se lf co nfide nt

'
,

o f hi s ab i li ty to fi g h th i s way ou t tn an e m e rg e ncy He .

di d so me fi ghti ng and re turnedwi thfull i nf o rma ti o n o f

the stre ngthandd i spo si ti ons o f the enemy A f e wdays a t
.

J ack so npo rt sufii ce d to gi ve the me n a ndho rse s all the

re st th e y ne e d e d and S helb y mo vedo n S e arcy
,
T he .

first f o rce b e struck was the T e nthIlli no i s ca valry whi ch ,

hadgi ve n no ti ce i n the fo rm o f a challeng e a sho rt ti me

,

b e fo re, o f i ts re ad i ness to mee t the b e st re g i m e nt She lb y

had She lb y assi gnedto Go rdo n s re gime nt the o rde r o f
.
’

mai ntaining the re puta ti on o f the bri gade T he T e nth

.

Illi no i s was at Se arcy Go rdo n made a ni ght ma rch and

The Illi no isi a ns we re wi lli ng
.

f ell up on i t u na wares .

enou h to fi h t b ut d i d no t k n o w h o w T h e y we re
g g ,
.

comp arati ve ly ne w to the b u i n

s ess .T a k e n b y s u r p ri se

the ymad e bu t li ttle resi s tance andw , ere ca p t u re d al m o st

to a man .

While She lb ywas i nthe vi ci ni ty o f Se arcy the F e de rals

at D e s Arc org ani ze d a n e x p ed i ti on to p 1 ? t h e eas t

"
a ss 1

si d e o f Whi te ri ver, cro ss the ri ver at Jac k n p t

s o o f ,
5 03

te r h i s recru i ts, b re ak uphi s recru i ting s ta t i o n s a n d d c “

stroy h i s rese rve sup ply o f ammuni ti o , n t h u s a t 03 °

stro ke u nd oi ng all he ha dd o ne andcri p n

pli g h i m a s f “

as fu tu re O p e rati o ns w e re concerned She l y

. b l e a rn e d of

the move me nt ho w
n 1
rne d k 1 18
e ver. i n time tu b ac o
d
, ,

track, me t the e ne my a t A u u ul se d th e m a n
g s ta re p,
u
dro ve the m had: e mpty hande d B ut he to o k .
c a re to p t

hi s ammuni ti o n o ut o f reacho f any su dde n m o v e m e n t Of

the enemy
who
.

H i s next f oray w
as i n the vi ci ni ty o f H e el na ,
:
the p lantati o ns o f So uthe rn men hadb ee n S e i z e d b y t a

h “
F ed eral go ve rnme nt, the o ne rs dw
i sp o sse sse d v
t e i r
is
i li es d ri ve n aw ay, and the i r p rop erty he ld a n d
fine d th
as government planta ti ons . The hou
ses we re
 CON F ED ERA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

all sorts o f sto len prope rty , dhad b eco me plague spo ts
an

o f i mmo rali ty They w

. ere no mi nally th e p rop erty o f the

go vernme nt b u ,
t we re u se d for th e p erso nal b e nefi t o f

i nd i viduals ; andb e ing b eyo nd the reach o f law o r any

ki nd o f mo ral infl u e nce w ,
e re the re nd e zvo u s o f ab an
doue d men and wo men o f all condi ti ons andcolo rs and ,

the scene o f almost p erp e tu al orgies o f li centi o u sne ss .

Go rdo n s regi ment was sent to ab a te the nu i sance whi ch

'
,

i ts co mmand er d i d by hold ing so me o f the re ve lers as

pri sone rs b anishing othe rs under pai n o f death b urni ng
, ,

the sto le n p ro pe rty w he re there we re no o w ners to clai m

i t anddestroyi ng the se ttle me nt root andb ranch
, .

In the meanti me Ge ne ral She lb y h ad re ce i ve d i nf o r .

mati o n from Ge neral Pri ce that he w as organi zi ng an e x

pedi ti o n i nto M isso u ri ; th at h e w ou ld cross the L i ttle

D e vall s rai lroad so me ti me in the la tter part o f
'
R ock
J uly and that he must de stroy as much o f the roadas
,

possi b le andkeepthe e ne my as b u sy as p ossib le i n o rd er

th at th e ammu ni ti o n trai n mi ght cross the roadin saf e ty .

She lb yenteredeagerlyon the w ork assi gnedhi m W i thhis

.

ow n and j ackman s M cRae s and D ob b i ns b ri gades

' ' ’
,

the seco ndandthirdo f w hi chhe hado rgani zedsi nce b e

af ter s hardfight, the f orts at the crossi ng o f B i g Cy

pre ss, a treachero us, mi ry stre am There were fo ur f orts
.

so arranged as to p ro tect e acho ther, andthe ywere d

'

f e nde db y anIlli no i s an da N e b raska re gi ment ande ve ry ,

em w as i n Sh ossessi o n wi thi n half an

'
o ne o f th e lb
ys p

H e then b e gan destroyi ng the railro ad , havi ng first

se nt a scou ti ng p arty sou thw ard to ascertai n w he ther
Ge neral Pri ce hadcro sse dthe Arkansas ri ve r as agreed .

The scouti ng p arty he ard n o thi ng o f Pri ce , andShelby

conclu ded he had changedhi s plan andwouldcro ss the
ri ve r ab o ve i nsteado f b elo wLi ttle R ock B u t he to re u
.
p
the railroad track for tw enty miles i n constant exp
. ecta
ti on o f an tt ck from Li ttle Rock o r D e vall s B lnfi, or
’
a a
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 77

possi b ly fro m b o th I t ca me f ro m bo th and si multa

.

neo u sly She l by gathere d hi s scattere d co mmand to

.
«

ge the r and stoo d hi s gro u n d H e i n te nde d to re tre at

.
,

bu t no t u n ti l he had struck the e n e my a b l ow H un te r .

and M cR ae fo rme d o n th e l e ft andJ ack man andso me

d e tache d re gi men ts on the ri ght o f the old b ri gad e .

Tw i ce he re ce i ve d the attack o f the F ederals anddro ve

the m b ack and twi ce the y re forme d and rene we d the
,

H e was fighti ng to ge t M cR ae s undi sci p

'
a ttack . lin e d
b ri gad e andthe w ago n s andartill e ryo ut o f hi s way A s .

soo n as th e se di sap pe are d i n the ti mb e r that ski rte d the

prai ri e he charge d wi th his and J ack man s b ri gad es
’
, ,

and be fore th e e n e my h ad re co v e re d from th e sh ock ,

tu rn e d andgall o e d 0 3
p .

Bu t the F ed erals w e re no t di sp o se d to p ermi t h i m to

e scap e so easi l y The y fo ll o w e d hard a f te r hi m and
.
,

whe n e ve r oppo rtuni ty o fi e re d attempte d to crush hi s

rear . Co l o n e l D o bbi n s hadbe e n l e ft to guard the bri dge
across th e B i g Cyp ress and if h ,
e h adb e e n ca p tu re d or

dri ve n aw ay the command w ould b e in a cl ose place f o r ,

the re w as no t an o ther b ri d ge across the stream wi thi n

thi rty mi l es She l by wi th so me d
.
,
ou b t i n hi s mi nd ,

re ache d i t at e l e ve n o clock at n i ght andw

'
, as re j o i ce d to

findthe bri dge andi ts d e fe nd ers all ri ght B e fo re day

.

l i ght the o fii ce r o n o utpost sent in w o rd that the ene my

w e re approachi n g i n fo rce Go rd o n was o rd e re d to ho ld
.

the b ri d ge ; m a d e h i s d i spo si ti o ns f or t h a t p u rp and

os e

w ai te d Shortly there we re sho ts i n fro n t andthe n the

.
,

so u nd o f the rush o f chargi n g horse me n Go rd o n to ld .

hi s men to le t the me n o f the o utpo st cro ss the b ri dge ,

b ut stand pre pare d to rece i ve the e n e my N o t a gu . n

was fire d un til the he ad o f the chargi n g co l umn re ached
the ce n ter o f the b ri dge T hen soo ri fie me usi mu
. l tan e ~

ou sly p ou re d th e i r fire i n to th e mass o f me n andh o rse s .

The charge fai l e d d i sastro u sl y andi n a Sp , i ri t o f b ravado

the e n e my d re w o ff and sh e ll e d th e p o si ti o n f o r h alf an

ho ur b ut d
, i d no t agai n atte mp t to charge i t I n this .

no is
 CH A PTE R X VIII .

G E N E RA L PR I C E S EX PE D ITIO N I N M I S S O U R I
’
TH E —
SO U T H E R N W O M EN O F M ISSO U R I C LA R K AN D —
JA C K M A N T A K E G L AS GO W F IGH T A T L I TT L E B L U E —
— G U E R R I LL A WAR F AR E IN M ISSO U R I A R E T A L —
I A T I O N O F F E D ERA L O U T RAG ES G E N E RA L H A L —
—
L EC K S O R D E R LA WR E N C E B U R N E D I N T H E R E
'

T AL IA TI O N F O R TH E B U RN I NG O F O SC E O LA .

E N E RA L PR I CE di d no t reach B a te s vi lle unti l

the n th o f Se p te mb e r, 1 86 4 H e re ma i nedthe re .

o ne d ay andreache dPo cah ontas o n the 1 6 th H i s .

co mmand f or th e e xp ed i ti o n i nto Misso u r i co nsi ste d o f

th ree d i vi si o ns, le d respe cti ve ly b y F aga n, M arm a du ke

and Sh e lby Ge ne ral F agan s d i vi si on was c o mpo se d
’
.

e nti re ly o f A rkansas tro o s—the b ri gad o f Ge n W L

p e s . .
.

Cab e ll, Co l W F Sle mo ns, C o l A S D o b b i n, C o l T H

. . . . . .
. . .

M cCray, and f o u r pi ece s o f art i lle r y — agg g re a ti ng a b o u t

me n G e ne ral M a rmaduke s di vi s i o n was co m

.
'

n J 1
posedo f his o ldb ri gade co mmandedb y B g G
r i e 0 1 11 .
-
,

B Cla rk Jr F re e man s b ri gad

. e and a f o u r gu
' n b at -
,

te ry—ln all ab o ut w
.
, ,
an
me n Ge ne ral C l ar k as
.

i nf antry o fi ce r and u naccu sto med to h a n d li n g ca v al ry .

Some time b e fo re G e n D M F ro st s wi f e had pas se d

'
. .
, .

throu gh the li ne s wi th the c o nse nt o f the F e d e ra ls t o

vi si t he r husb and She d e te rm i nedto re tu

. rn t o h e r h o m e

hy the way o f M a ta mo ras and H avana G e n e ra l F r o st

.

M ta mo ras
go t le ave o f ab se nce to acco mp an y he r t o a

and p lace he r o n shi pb o ard B ut when she m b u k e d ‘

e
f no
w im
.

h
,

he went alo ng and the Co nf e d erate army k n e

.
,

more Co lone l C lark was appo inted b ri g a di er s e n e m ‘ -

i n hi s place .

u i v lrY
Clark s b ri gad
’
e i ncluded the Thi rd M i sso r ca a
u
rthcavalry, Col J o h n Q B r
Co l Co lton Gree ne ; F o u
. .
180 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

b ri d ge ; Se ve n th caval ry and D avi es b atta li o n, Co l

’
.

So l o mo n G K i tche n , L i e u t Co l J F D avi e s ; E i ghth

. .
-
. . .

ca valry, Co l Wi lli am L J e ff e rs ; Te nth cav al ry, Co l

. . .

R o b e rt R L awthe r ; F o u rtee n th ba tta li o n, L i e u

. t Co l .
-
.

R o be rt C Woo d ; H ynso n s Te xas batte ry, Capt S 5

'
. . . .

H arri s M i sso u
'
ri b atte ry, C ap t J T H ogan e s e ngi n ee r
’
. . .

co mp an y Co l Tho mas R F re e man s b ri gad e was com

’
. . .

pose d o f h i s re gi me n t, that o f C o l E d w ard T F ri sto e and . .

the b attal i o n Li e u
of t Co l B arn e y F o rd .
-
. .

Ge n e ral
’
d b ri gade
She l by s di vi si o n i n cl ude d hi s ol ,

und e r Co l D av i d Shank s ; the Fi fth M i sso uri cav al ry

.
,

Co l B F rank G o rdo n ; E l e ve n thca valry Co l M o se s W

. .
, . .

Smi th; T w e l fth cavalry Co l D avi d Shank s ; Co l B e nj . . . .

E ll i o tt s caval ry command ; L i e u t Co l Alo nzo W Sl ay

'
.
- .
.
.

b ack s b attal i o n ; Capt R i chard A Co ll i ns b atte ry

’
. .
’

Co l Si dney D J ackman s b ri gad e i n cl udi ng J ackman s

' '

w
. .
,

ca v al ry u nde r Li e ut Co l C H N i cho l s ; Co l D e i tt C .
-
. . . . .

Hu n te r s cavalry; L i e ut Co l D A Wi lli ams b atta li o n ;

'
.
-
. . .
’

Li e ut Co l J o hn A Schnab le s b attal i o n sec ti o n o f

’
-
. . .
,

Co lli n s batte ry Li e ut J aco b D Co nn o r ; and Col

’

, . . .

Charle s H Tyl e r s b ri gad e i n cl ud i n g the cav al ry co m

’
~
.
,

mands o f 00 13 Cal e b Pe rki n s J o hn T Co fi e e and .

,
.

J ame s J Se arcy The aggre gate o f She l by s d i vi si on

. .
’

was abo ut men A l to ge ther the army und e r com .

mand o f Ge n e ral Pri ce aggre gate d abo ut ro oo o moun ted ,

me n andtwe l ve pieces o f arti ll e ry .

G e n e ral Pri ce crosse d the M i sso u ri l i n e o n the stho f

O cto be r mo vi n g in three co l u
,
mns wi th She l by o n the ,

l e ft M armad uke o n the ri ght andF agan i n the ce n te r

, ,
.

Pri ce marche d wi th the ce n te r co l u mn Go vern o r R ey .

n o lda marche d wi th She l by anddi dse rvi ce o n his sta fi ,

as vo l u n te e r ai d e de ca mp She l by struck the e n e my - -

.

fi rst .A bo d y o f F e d eral s l ea vi n g the l i ttl e to w n o f

D o nip han b urn e d i t A d e tachme n t se n t i n pu
,
rsu it b y .
,

She l by came up w i th the m and the y n e ve r b u

, rn e d ,

a no ther Ge n e ral Pri ce s o rd e rs w e re that the army

’
.

sho u ld march o n an ave rage fi ftee n mi l es a da y andthe ,

 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 181

d iff eren t co l umn s should fo rm a j uncti o n a t Fre d e ri ck

to w n at a gi ve n ti me She l by hadthe e x p o se d si d e —th at

to w ard the i n teri o r o f the Sta te—

.

andtoo k th e li be rty o f

g n g as he pl ease d H e cap
o i . tu re d Patterso n and fo rty

o f Le p e r s b and o f marau
’
ders wi tho ut firi n g a gun H e .

al so re ach e d Fre d e ri ck to wn tw o days ah e ad o f ti me and , ,

findi n g n ei ther o f the o the r co l umn s the re too k M i n e ral ,

Poi n t andto re upmi l es o f rai lro ad track be tw ee n Po to si

and I ro n M o u n tai n Whe n F agan and M armaduke
.

reache d F re d eri ck to w n She l b y was the re lo ade d wi th ,

su pp l i e s, w h i ch h e sh ar e d w i th th e o th er le ss fo r tu n ate

Co mmands .

Gene ral Pri ce too k Iro n to n that i s to say the Fe d e ra ls

, ,

e v acu ate d th e to w n and F o rt Curti s Se pte mbe r 2 7 th , ,

and re ti re d to F o rt D a vi dso n at Pi l o t Kn o b T hi s was .

a stro n g i rre gu
,
l ar fo rti ficati o n surro unde d b y a d ee pand
,

wi d e di tch parti all y fill e d wi th w ate r anddi fii cult under

, ,

an y c i rc um st a n c e s t o cro ss P ri.ce d e t e rm i n e d to assa u l t

the fo rt th , ou ghthe O p i ni o n s o f hi s di vi si o n co mmande rs
w e re o ppo se d to i t M armad uk e s di vi si o n was o rde re d
.
’

upfro m the e ast o f F rede ri ck to wn and he was o rd eredto

attack th e fo rt fro m Sh ep he rd mo un tai n whi l e Cabe ll ,

attack e d fro m th e p lai n M arma d uk e was assure d the re

.

was no di tch aro und the fo rt Cabe l l made an attack .

upo n the pl ai n andwas repu lse d be cau ,

se th ere w as no

way o f ge tti n g i n to the fort after he reache d i t Clark s .

’

b ri gad e di smoun te d ad van ce d do wn the si d e o f She phe rd

,

mo un tai n thro ugh a he avy gro w th o f scrub oak and -

,

a ttack e d j u ,st af te r Ca be ll h ad fai l e d and f aile d as h , e

hadbe cau se th e me n co u ld no t cross the di tch So me .

o f th e m go t so cl o se to th e fo rt as to b e u nde r the
e n e my s gu n s andre mai n e d there ti ll n i ght
‘

.
,

That n i ght G e n e ra l E wing w ho was i n co mmand o f

,

the garri so n b l e w u , p h i s m a g az i n e s l e f t h,
i s d e a d a n d
w o unde d be hi nd e v acuate d the fort andre tre ate d i n the
,

di recti o n o f the so uthwe st bran cho f the Paci fic rai lro ad .

No p ursui t was atte mptedun ti l n earl ynoo n the n e x t day ,

 CON F ED E RA TE J ’f l U T/ ‘R Y H I S TOR Y .

an dthe n wi ththe Ew
starti ng hadi t was fu ti le I n the .

a ttack o n th e f o rt Maj G W Be nne tt o f Clark s

'
. . . b ri .

gad e , a sp le nd i d o fi ce r and man, w as ki lle d ; Co l J C . . .

M o nroe o f Cab e ll s b ri gad e w as w ou nded, as also we re

'

Li e ut Co l John C B u
.
~ . ll andMa o r T ho mas of F a g a n s
. j ’

The loss o f Cab ell s b ri gad e was p arti cu

’
staff . larly
he avy, he hi mse lf havi ng hi s horse kille dunder hi m .

A t Pi lo t Kno b i t b eca me e vi d e nt th at Ge ne ral Pri ce d id

no t i nte nd to try to take St Lo u i s—thou ghhe m i g ht
.

have d o ne so b y a rap i d march anda b o ldd ash —f o r he

mo ved no rthwestward i n the dire cti o n o f J e ff erso n C i ty .

I no ther word s, i tb e came evi d ent that th e e xp ed iti on was a

rai d ,
and h adno o th er o b e ct th j
an to go to th e M i sso u ri

ri ve r, scatte r th e Fe d eral ga rri so ns i n th e tow ns o f the

ri ve r co u nti es andinthose o f the southwe st, andreturn to
so u the rn A rkansas H e too l: such to wns as F rankli n,
.

H e rman, U nio n a nd Washi ngton andthei r garri so ns , i f

the y hadany, as he mo ve d slo w ly u pthe M issouri ri ve r .

J e ff e rso n Ci ty he f ound so strongly fo rtifiedand garri

so ned th at h e w as co nte nt to d ri ve i n th e ou tp osts a nd

pass aroundi t I n forci ng the passage o f the O sa ge ,

.

O cto b er 6 th, Co l D avi d Shanks, co mmandi ng She lb y s

'
.

o ld b ri gad e, w as so se ve rely w ou nd edth at h e h adto b e

lef t b ehi nd ,
andGe n M Je fi Th . o mp
. son w as ass i gne dto

the commando f th e b ri gad e .

Shelby w as o rd e re dto take th e d i re ct roadfro m Je fi e r

so n Ci ty to B oo n e vi lle , and b y a f orce dmarchsu rp ri se

andcap tu re the to w n andi ts garri son Thi s he di d, e x .

ce p t that p art o f th e garri so n w hi ch escap e dacro ss the

ri ve r o n th e ste am f e rryb oat Gene ral Pri ce , wi th .

F agan s andMarmad
’
uke s di vi si o ns, marchedsouthwest
'

to V e rsailles, andthe n tu rne dandmarch edno rth we st to

B o o ne ville At Califo rni a the road Ge ne ral Pri ce was
.

j
mo vi ng o n o i ne d the ro adShe lb yhadtake n F agan s .
’

di vi si o n wi th Ge neral Pri ce was i n f ront, M armaduke s '

i n rear .T he ammuni ti o n trai n w as b e tw ee n th e tw o

di vi si o ns . Whe n Fagan passe d thro ugh Califo rni a.
 CONFED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

no f orce was thro ut to ho ld the road b y whi ch

wn o

She l by had co me from Je fi e rso n Ci ty The F ederals i n .

J e ff e rso n Ci ty findi n g the army wi thdrawn co n cl ud e d

, ,

to fo ll o w She l by and j u ,
st as th
,
e ammu ni ti o n trai n
reach e d Cal i fo rni a d ro ve i n th , e straggl e rs o n th e nu

g u a rd ed rea d M ar.m ad u k e w as r i d i n g a t t h e h e a d o f h i s

d i vi si o n wi th his esco rt co mpan y and j ust be hi nd hi m ,

was his batte ry H e had barel y time to unl i mbe r hi s

.

artill e ry be fore th e F e d e ral s ap p ear e d W h e n . th e ar ti l

l e ry o pe n ed upo n the m the y n aturall y suppose d i t was
su ppo rte d anddre w back to fo rm a l i n e o f b attl e The .

delay was fatal to them B y the ti me they w e re ready .

to charge C l ark s b ri gad e w as i n l i n e and th ou gh the

’
, ,

fight was ho t fo r an ho ur the ammu , ni ti o n trai n was

sav e d ande v e n tu all y th e en e my rep ul se d .

I n the to wns and co u n ti es above Je fie rson Ci ty the

se n ti me n ts o f th e p eop l e we re strongly So uthern and ,

G e n e ral Pri ce s army was re cei ved wi th e n thu si asm

'
,

esp e ci all y b y th e w ome n who w ere no t re strai n edin

,

thei r w ords and acts b y any su gge sti ons o f p o l i cy or e x

p e di e n cy . I nd e e d t h e So u
, th e rn w ome n o f M i sso u ri

were as l o yal and true to the cause and as b rav e and

he ro i c i n the support the y gave i t andi ts de fe nde rs as ,

the w ome n o f any p art o f th e So u th A t the hazard o f

.

the i r li ves the y mad e th eir h omes h o sp i tals to care f o r

the si ck andthe w o unde d and w he n th , ey w e re no t saf e

i n thei r ho u se s h i d and f e d the m i n the w oo d s andi n

cav e s u,
n ti l they reco veredor di ed ; i n the one case start
i ng the m to the army agai n andi n the o ther gi vi ng the m
decen t b uri al Thi s sp
. iri t o f he ro i sm andd isre gard o f
co n se q u e n ces w as no t co n fin e d to th e co u n try T hey .

w e re as true in the to wns as i n the coun try N o w here .

w e re the y more acti ve and ze al o us and se lf sacrifici ng -

than in St Lo u . is N o So u . thern so l d i e r l ack ed f o r

fri e nds amo n g the So uthe rn w o me n to fee d hi m to ,

secre te h i m to su , ppyl h i m w i th ar m s a n d m o n e y and

whatever else he n ee de d to gi ve hi m a horse anda gui de
. .
184 C ON F E D ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

an d start hi m to the army— i a that ci ty cro w d edwi th

F ede ral so l di ers and ali ve wi th d e tecti ves and spi es .

St Lou i s thro u gh the ai do f the So u the rn w ome n th ere

m
. .

A s Ge n e ral Pri ce s army p throu gh these w

'
estern

co u n ti es hi s soldi ers w ere e ve ryw he re tre ated, no t o nly

hospi tabl y b ut royall y b y the w o me n
, . O ldandyo u ng
the y ga the re d o n the ro adsi d e to se e the m p ass andto

Sp e ak k i nd w o rd s to th e m, andi n th e ir h ou se s th e y w ere

rece i vedandtreate d as h ono re d gu e sts

.

Ge n e ral Pri ce remai n e d at B oo n e vi ll e three days, and

the n l e ft to avo i d be i n g he mme d i n be tw ee n the La M ine
and th e M i sso u ri ri ve rs . The i mme di a te cau se o f h is
l ea vi n g appeare d to b e that a heavy b o dy o f F ede ral
cav alry go t p ossessi o n o f the Ti p to n ro ad , and w e re wi th
diffi cul ty di sl od ge d f o r the passage o f the troops A t .

Salt F o rk, i n Sa l i n e co un ty, Ge n eral Cl ark and hi s b ri

g a d e o f M ar m a d u k e
’
s d i v i si o n, re i n fo rce d by Co l o ne l J ack
man s b ri gad e o f She l by s di vi si o n, w e re de tache d i n
' ’

o rd e r to cro ss th e ri v e r at Arro w R ock andcap tu re th e

g ar r i so n a t G l as g o w , s i x o r se v en h und re d stro ng, under

co mman d o f Co l Ch . este r H ardi n g . The troo p s crosse d

o n a ste am fe rrybo a t, and th e b o at w as th e n ru n upto

n e ar G l asgo w to b e rea dy to re cross the m at that po i n t
afte r th ey h adtak e n th e to w n andcapturedthe garriso n .

The F ede ral s o cc up i e d a he a vy e arthw o rk and w e re in a

p o s i ti o n t o h a v e m a d e a str o n g g fi h t i f th e y h a d bee n
pro pe rl y co mmande d . Bu t Co l o n e l H arding d i d no t
se em an xi o u s to d o mo re th an mak e a sho w o f resi stan ce .

That do n e , surre nde r fo ll o we d as a matte r o f co u rse .

J ack man s b ri gade , whi ch go t i n po si ti o n be fore Clark s

’ ’

di d d ro ve the e n e my i n to the i r w o rks wi thout diffi cul ty

,

andth e n , th ro u g h th e ag e n cy o f th e p ri n c i p al c i ti ze n s o f

the to wn ,me n e go ti ati o ns f o r surrende r whi ch w e re

ca ,

soo n co n su mmate d appare n tl y to the sati sfacti on o f all

,

the p arti e s co n ce rn e d She l by mo ve d upo n the o p

.
p te
o si
 C O N F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y . 1 85

si de of the ri ve r, dayli ght wi th a se c ti o n o f

j u t b e fo
s re ,

arti lle ry, andb e f ore C lark h adO p e ne d the fi g ht d i sa b le d

a s te am b oa t lo ad ed w i th cloth i ng and a rmy sto re s and ,

ke p t he r u nde r his guns unti l H ard i ng sur re nde re d .

A s so o n as C la rk s d e tach me nt j o i ne dthe m ai n b o dy
’
,

Ge ne ral Pri ce moved i nto Lafaye tte co unty L e x i ngto n ,

b e i ng hi s o b j ec ti ve p o i nt E n rou te o n the Sa lt F o rk
. ,

roa d She lb y s co mma nd me t Ge n Jim L a ne o f K ansas

'
, . ,

who hadco m e do wn fro m Le ave nwo rth i n f o rce to anni

hi la te Pri ce s army The re was no co m mande r i n the
'
.

F e deral army who m She lb y was more a nx i o us to mee t

than L ane and h i s o fficers andme n we re as a nx i o us as
,

he was G ordo n s H o oper s, Cri sps and E lli o tt s re gi

' '
’ ’
.
,

me nts o f the o ld b rigade and j ackman s b ri g ade j o i ne d

,
’
,

i n th e ch arge and vi e d w i th e achothe r i n the fi e rce ne ss

of thei r assau lts She lb y led the charge i n pe rso n and
. ,

i t was a ru nni ng fight almo st from the fi rst L a ne was .

dri ve n thro ugh Laf aye tte county and L e x i ngto n, and
di dno t co nsi de r himse lf saf e until he rea che d I nde pe nd ’

ence , i n J ac kso n cou nty On the .

a d v a n c e f ro m S alt

F ork, Gen J eff Tho mp so n w i th h y

S e lb
'
s b r i g a d e m a d e
.
)
d
,

a d e to ur to Sed ali a to take i n Col j o hn F .

P h i li p 8 3 3 .

hi s comma nd who he ld the to w , n Th o m p.

s o n t oo k t
h
h e

to w n and Phi li p s w re sse d h h l f t

t t e e is
, as so close ly p a

pi sto ls b ehi nd whi ch T ho mpson capture d

w d
,

All thi s ti me d ange r w as gath e ri ng f as t ” “ 1°

(
f d t
army Ge neral R o se crans had come o n t h l
r ai r o a o
.
e

ali a w
i
i th a s tro ng f o rce , andw n n P ce
Sed as ad i r
va n c g o

fro m the e ast A no the r heavy f o rce ha d

.
b e e n co n
u
ee
n
trate dat Lea ve nw C
l rti s
e r co mmando f G e
o rthu nd n e r a ,

va nci ng to me e t hi m fro m the w

T h
and w
t e se
as ad e s .

tw o forces w w b t w et n
i dly a p h i
i
P e
e re rap p r o a c h in g i t r ce
,
i ? y
Pri ce ho we ve r di d no t q ui ck e n h l
i “
them s e s
.
, ,
13 3
i i h d u d A t t h e “ 0 5 8
g a t or app e ar n t e l e as t i s t r b e .

d
f e w miles b e lo w I nd p
fl “
e L i ttle B lu
fi
e
o f th
e
e a
m
.
;
Octo b er e rst M arma du k e had a stu b b o fli fi g h t
,
n l
bri gade o f Co lo ra do tro o p s u nder co mm a n d Of G e e r a
1 86 C O N F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

F o rd . The n e my attacke d hi s ad van ce j ust af te r i t had

e

cro sse d th e strea m dro v e i t bac k o n th

,
e mai n bo dy and

ch arge d and n ea rl u d h i b w h i h h e h ad
y ca p t re s a tt e ry c ,

hasti l y go t i n posi ti o n Tho u g h b e

. a te n ba c k t h e e n emy

fo rme d and charge d agai n b ut M armaduke hadgo t an ,

o the r regi me n t o v er and re p ul se d the m A gai n the y .

fo rme d and fo r the thi rd ti me charge d the batte ry b ut ,

b y th a t ti me M armad u k e had go t all Clark s b ri gade ’

o ve r and re p ulse d the m d e ci si ve l y She l b y who was .

,

be hi nd M armaduk e cro sse d the stream hi gher upand

,

a tte mp te d to cut the e n e my 0 6 b ut f ai l e d o n acco u nt o f

,

th e i r rap i d wi thd raw al H e fe ll in the i r re ar a ndto o k

.

upthe pursui t carryi n g o n a rapi d ru

,
nni n g fight wi th ,

the m . In o ne o f the sharp b ru sh e s Cap t G eo rge T o dd , .

,

o ne o f Qu tai n s anda n o te d gu e rril la fi gh

’
antre ll s ca p ,
te r ,

who was upw i th the ad van ce guard was sho t thro ugh ,

the n e ck anddi e d i n a f e wmi n u tes .

The gu e rri ll a w arfare i n M i sso u ri w as mo re b i tte r and

me rci l e ss than i n any o the r State ; b ut as f ar as So uthern

me n who too k part in i t we re co n ce rne d i t was stri ctl y a
war o f re tal iati o n I n Se pte mbe r 1 86 x Ji m Lan e wi th
.
, ,

a bo d y f Kansas j ayha wk e rs too k and w an to nl y b u

o rn e d

the to wn o f O sceo la i n St Cla ir co u n ty Late r in the

. .

fall o f that year the b utche r M cN ei l hadte n pri so n ers , , ,

man y o f the m no n co mb atan ts sho t b ecause one Andre w

-
,

A llsman o f w ho m the y kn e w n o thi n g had di sap

, peare d ,

fro m hi s home and co uld no t b e fo und In N o vembe r .

,

1 86 1 , Col C B J e nn iso n o f the F i rst K an sas ca valry

. . .
, ,

i ssue d a procl amati o n to the p eo p l e o f the bord er

co u n ti e s o f M i sso uri in whi chhe sai d ,
All who shal l
di sre gard the se propo si ti o ns ( to surre nd er the i r arms and
si gn d e e d s o f for fe i tu re o f th e ir p e rty sh all b e treate d
ro p
)
as trai to rs and slai n w h e re v e r f o u nd The ir pro pe rty .

sh al l b e co nfi sca te d and the i r h ou ses b u rn e d ; andi n no

case w i l l any o ne b e spare d ei the r i n p erso n o r p

, rop er ty ,

who re fuse s to accept the se pro po si ti o ns "

I nd ee d the .
,

F e de ral s b o aste d o f the ir b arb ari ty O n D e ce mbe r s 7 th .

,
 '
C O N F E D E R A TE M ILI I A R Y H I S T O R Y . 1 37

1 86 1 , S t Louis D e mocart state d tha t

the .
L i e ute na nt
M ack, se nt o ut to i e nna wi th tw V
enty K ansas ran e s,
g
re tu rnedye ste rd ay H e b ro ught no pri so ne rs , that b e i ng
.

u l e ra ti on ab o u t playe d o ut
"
a se e ss Op T he R o lls E x .

p re ss o f t e same d
h ate sai d :
“
A sco uti ng party o f
range rs, w hi ch le f t thi s place last we e k f o r M a ri e s
co unty has, re turned . The boys b ri ng no p ri so ners —i t
i sn t the i r
’
style .

A t that ti me the re was no t an o rgani z e d So uthe rn

gu e ri lla b and i n th e State The first o rgani za ti o n o f
.

that ki nd was efi ecte di n u antrell Q I n J a nu a ry, 1 86 3 ,

.

he had se ve n me n wi th hi m and O pe ra te d i n J ackso n

co u nty D uri ng that mo nthCapt Wi lli am G re gg o i ne d
. . j
wi th thi rtee n me n, making his force twe nty A fte r that .

hi s commandi ncrease drapi d ly The y ha d many fi ghts

.

andtoo k m any p ri so ne rs, b ut alw ay sp a ro le d the m In a .

fight at Li ttle Sa nta F e uantrell andh Q i s b a ndwere sur

ro u nd ed i a a hou se , th e ho u se w as se t o n fi r e , and the y

fought thei r way out, o ne man b ei ng wounde d, ca pture d

and take n to F o rt Le ave nw o rth S ho rtly af te rw .
a rd

Q
uantre ll capture d a F ede ral li e utenant H e pre po sed .

to th e Fed e ral co mmand er to exch ange th e li e u t e n a n t f or

h led
hi s man .The comm and er re fu se d H e t e n p.
a ro

th e li e u te nant and se nt hi m to ask t h e co m m a n d e r to

make the e xchange The co mmande r sti ll r e f u se d T h " .

li eute nant re p o rte db ack , and u Q

antre ll re l e a s e d h i m u n

cond i ti o nally, b ut hi s man w as sh ot

O n the ni ght O f the ao th o f March, 1 8 6 . 9 2 m m ll

wi thsixty me n camped o n Blackwate r, f o ur m i le s f ro m

C ali f orni a E arly o n the mo rni ng o f the e r s t h e g O t a

d
.

w
3;
co p f h S L u i R ubli n hi ch co n t a i n e 61
y o t e t o s .e p ca ,

eral H alle ck s p ro clamati o n o u

’
tlaw i ng hi s b a n d a n 8

1
3;
F
arti san range rs, and o r d
i n 6 “
o th e r b and s of p er g
il l
i cers no t to take the m pri so ners, b u k
3
1
ofl t t o
f u d
whe rever and under whatever ci rcumstance s o
ad
n l h h .

Q
ua tre ll sai d no thi ng o f the pro cla
n m a ti o n “ “ e

h m
ad r
i t to e
formedhi s men ne x t morni ng Th e n h e
.
r e
1 88 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

to ld the m i t mean t the flag andgave e ve ry man

b l ack ,

who co uld no t stand tha t ki nd o f w arfare pe rmi ssi o n to

re ti re andre tu rn to h i s ho me Af te r a sho rt co nsu

. lta ti o n
tw e n ty of the me n tu rn e d andro d e aw ay N e ver un ti l
.

the n had Qu an tre ll or h i s me n sho t a pri so ner or a F ed

e ral so l d i e r who o ff e re d to surre n d er The y acce p
. te d the
b l ack fl ag w h en it w as fo rce d o n th em andfo u ght u nd er
i t b ut i t was no t o f the i r see k i n g no r d
,
i dthe y i n au g ur a te
that ki nd o f w arfare The captu
. re sacki n g andb u
, rni n g

o f La wre n ce Kan w
, . as i n re talia ti o n o f th
,
e s acki n g and

b urni ng o f Osceo l a b y Jim Lan e and his me n mo re than

a ye ar be fo re . The fight and massacre as i t has be e n
,

call ed at Ce n trali a
,
was i n re ta l i atio n o f the killi n g o f
,

o ne o f A nd e rso n s si ste rs and th e cri p pl i ng fo r li fe o f

’

an o the r b y u nd e rmi ni ng and thro wi ng do wn a ho use i n

K ansas Ci ty i n w hi ch the y wi th o the r So uthern w ome n

w e re co n fin e d .

M isso u ri w as i so late d andcu t 0 6 fro m the rest o f the

Co nfe d e racy It was f ar remo ve d andprac ti call y be yo n d
.

the ran ge o f vi si o n o f the ci vi l iz e d wo rl d The re w . as a

F e d eral garriso n i n n earl y e v e ry to w n and at n e arl y

e very crossroad s . Any man i festati o n o f free d om o n th e

p ar t o f t h e p e o pl e w as re pre sse d b y b a n i shm e n t t h

, e

d e structi o n o f prope rty o r d e ath The re was no law . .

The co u rts w e re te rro ri ze d andth , e n o mi n al o fi ce rs o f

the law w ere p uppe ts o f the mi li tary po we r F ire and .

sw o rd ra p
,
i n e and mu rd e r re i gn e d su
, pre me , and the
g u e rri ll as si m l
py p ai d b ack th e i n su l ts a n d wro n gs to
w hi ch the y and the i r fami li e s and the i r fri e nds w ere
su bj e cte d The y fo ught i n the o nl y way i n whi ch they
.

co u ld fight, andthe y f ought to ki ll .

 C H A PTE R X IX .

PR I C E S
'
a m u
s noo nr sas se ve ns o a m mm
sa s n u
sv c o nes To r n a sse s s r n B A TT LE o r — u
u w um m
s ro m
ns rs o p r ; R E TR E A T —T H E m
wm
-

co va 'r o r o an
E ar my ca d around I ndepe ndence
mpe d i n an
o n the ni h
g t o f O cto be r e x 1 8 6 4 the da y o f the
, ,

fight a t the cro ssi ng o f the L i ttle B lue I t was .

co nf ronti ng an army i n i ts f ront u nd e r C urti s and B lu nt .

andano ther e q uallyas large , unde r R o se c rans and Ple as

anto n w, as f o rce dmarch -
i ng to strike i t i n re ar Whe n .

Ge neral Pri ce reache d L e x i ngton he had acco mp lishe d

all he co u ldho p e to acco mp li sh He mi g ht ha ve turne d
.

so u thward f ro m the re and had an u no b structe d li ne o f

re tre at H e mi ght turn so u thw ard fro m I nd ep e nd e nce

m
.

andh ave all the f o rce s O p hi m i n h i B ut

p o to s rear .

if he crossedthe B i g B lue j ust i n hi s f ro nt, he wo uldb e

he mmedi n b e twee n three ri ve rs—the M i sso uri the K ansas
,

and th e B i g B lu e— and have to figh t tw o a rmi e s to te

cross the las t name dri ve r .

d se d
The ne xt mo rni ng She lb y too k th d e a va nce an cro s

a y hi s guns cou ld h d h u n d
g B lu A ll d t
e
r
the Bi e b e e a r
w
.

i th
i ng i n f ro nt i ndi ca ti ng tha t he w
,
as forci g n h i s a y W
di ffi culty E arly i n the mo rni ng Rose crans
.
a r m
’
y “ 13 °

upand attacke d I nde pe nde nce b e fo re i t w as c le a r O f th e

horde o f u no rgani ze dme n a ndstraggle rs w h o w e re a p er

d ro o p
pe tual nu n i
;
t
i sance and hi ndra nce to the o rg a z e
t
I n ge tti ng out o f the to w n Cab e ll lost hi s b a t t e
ry .

was run down b y a gre at b ody o f straggl e l s m ‘

th,
t h e

ll m
fv
‘

e l
e nemy close b e hi nd the m and b ef ore the t y
a r i e r
,

d
-

ld re cover the mse lves the y w b 8 re g

co u ere cha r g e y
ment o f cavalry and sa b e re d i n the a c t o f fi d n
1 90 CON F ED E RA TE MILI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

guns M armad uk e , afte r ge tti ng o ut o f Ind e p

. e nd ence ,

too k the rear and ski rmi she d all d ay wi th Ple asa n to n ,

no t yi e l di ng two mi l e s o f ground d uri n g the d a

y B u t .

j ust at ni ght the e ne my ad van ce d i n force and the fi ght

was k e pt unti l af te r mi dni ght w he n M armad uk e cro sse d
,

the B i g B l u e andh i s co mmand bi vo uack e d b y th e road

si d e ando n th e ba n k s o f the stream, wi th ou t foo d o r

co ve ri n g .

Ge n eral Pri ce was no ww e ll in the trap . The M i sso uri

ri ver was on the n o rth the Kan sas o n the w e st the B i g

, ,

B lu e on th e e ast andi t w o u
,
nd aro und so that he w ould
hav e to recross i t to ge t an o utl e t to th e so u th Be si d es
.
,

hi s mo ve me n ts w e re i n cumbe re d b y an army o f un o r
g a ni ze d a n d w o rse th a n u se l e ss m e n a ,
n d a n e n or m o us

w ago n trai n w hi ch was al ways i n the way A t d ayl i ght .

bo th R osecran s and Curti s ad v ance d o ne fro m the east ,

andth e o th e r fro m th e w e st M armad u

. ke was o ppo si n g
R ose cran s andShe l bywas o p n u w h l n ’

p os i g C rti s ,i e F ag a s

d i vi si o n was be tw ee n the two guardi n g the trai n and ,

pre pari n g to he l pe i the r She l by o r M armad uk e The oh .

j cet was to ge t the trai n o ut The b o tto m o f the B i g .

Blu e w as lo w o n th e n o rth si d e and h i ll y o n the so u th

si d e . Ge n J o hn M cN e i l was se nt wi tha heavy force to
.

tak e p o sse ssi on o f the h i ll s andpre v e n t the cro ssi n g o f

the stre am M cN e il was i n no hurry to o be y hi s o rd e rs .

Whe n hi s co l umn made i ts appe aran ce o n the prai ri e a ,

co u p l e o f m ile s to th e so u t h and e as t o f th e cro ssi ng ,

M armad u ke w as h o tl y e n gage d w i th R ose cran s b ut he ,

was o rde re d to se nd Cl ark s b ri gade at spe e d to an ti ci pate

’

M cN e i l and ho ld the he i ghts Whe n Cl ark go t the re .

M cN e il, i n stead o f tak i ng posse ssi o n o f the he i ghts had ,

op ene d u po n th e m w i th h i s a rt i ll e ry h ,a lf a m i l e a w a y ,

andw as she ll i n g th e w oo ds i n a l i v e l y mann er Cabe ll s

’
.

bri gad e soo n j oi n ed Cl ark s andan ave n ue f o r the trai n

’

and the army w as secu re d M cN e i l d

. i dno t atte mpt to
i n te rfere wi th the trai n as the w ago n s asc e nd e d the hi l l
f ro m the b o tto m andappe are d o n the o pe n prai ri e .
 C ON F E D E R A TE H I LI TA R Y H I S TO R
.
Y
. 1 91

I n the me anti me R o se crans was pushi ng M armaduk e s '

de ple te d co mma nd b e f ore him and S he lb y was o ve r ,

matc he d i n his fight wi th Curti s andB lunt T he y we re .

bo th i n an e mi ne ntly da ngero u s
po si ti o n as lo ng as the
,

trai n was i n the i r w ay B ut as so o n as i t c le are d the

.

stream and th e road w as cp e n th e y co u

, ld se e da yli ght
ah e ad A s i t was, She lb ys command was wo rse cut up
’
.

than i t hade ve r b e e n b e fo re , anda p ar t o f the ti me M a r .

maduke was o ppo si ng R osecrans advance wi th o nly so me

'

memb ers o f hi s stu d—M ajo r Ewi ng M aj o r N e wto n a nd

ta i n Pri ce —
,

C ap andh i s e scort co mpany W i th the di sa p

.
a

pearance o f the trai n Fagan s di vi si o n was re li e ve d i n

'
,

large part, o f the du ty o f gu ard i ng i t, and was fre e to

he lp Marmadu ke and She lb y in the i r e x tre mi ty, whi ch
i d i n a so ldi e rly andchi valro u
'
it d s manne r D o b b i ns
.

b ri gad e and M oG h e e s b a ttali on ch arge d the e ne m y i n

’

the o u tski rts o f Wes tp o rt andb roke the f o rce o f the i r as

.

sau lts o n She lb y w he n he was d ri ve n almo st to the w all ;

and Cab e ll th , ou g h h o t ly e ng ge
a d h i m se lf ,
se n t M ar m a ~

duke two re gi me nts whe n hi s ne edwas the g re a te st .

B atte reda ndb ru i se d andw , i th i ts ranks de ci ma te d the .

armyeme rge df rom th e trapi n w hi ch i t h a d b e e n c a u g h t

wi th a f eeli ng o f pe rso nal hosti li ty o n t h e p ?

a r o f th e

w i c h had
men to the e normo us and use less wago n t r a i n h
b ee n the pri nci pal cau se o f th e ir d i sco m fi t u r e a n d l o s se s .

b ut w i th the i dea tha t no wthe y hadstarte d s o u t h w a r d i n

retreat and had the e ne my b e h i nd the m t h e

.
“ 1m
wo uldb e stri ppe d o f all supe rflui ti es a nd i n c u m b r a n ce s

W em
and w ou ldmo ve f o rty or fifty mi les a d ay .

u
i
n
t
t
h l
t h
th ey
re tre at me ant hard rap i d mm hhg a t le a t
s i
, ,

h e i r ho rse
got rido f the hea vy masse s o f the enemy
were in b e tte r co ndi ti o n than those o f th e
.
T
e n e m y s
;
an

they kne w that in two d u d ea v

ig
l l
ays ti me th
'
ey c
o wi th n
u u i n f b u i n f r i ng
p rs g o rce ca pa le o f se ri o sly t e r e

far be hi nd
d w h
.

u n t
They w
e i
e re , there f o re su rp ,ri sedan d d i sg ste

e in
b ecame evi d e nt th e re w as to b e no d e cr e a s
1 92 C ONFED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

be rof w agons that i n cumb e re d the marchandwhi ch the y

had to guard at the hazard o f the i r l i ves andthat the ,

co l umn was mo vi n g le isu re l y and at a sp e e d th at w ould

no t have bee n rapi d f or i nf an try The army camp e d on
.

the se co nd ni ght af te r the battl e o n the M ara is de s Cygn es ,

a bo ut half w ay be tw ee n Westp ort andF o rt Sco tt o n th e ,

K an sas si de of the li n e . Cab e ll was inrear, andre ported

fre que n tl y d uri ng the ni ght that the F e d e ral s were m ass .

i ng o n hi s f ro n t andthre ate n i n g tro u b l e ne x t da y if they

w ai te d that lo n g to b e gi n operatio n s B ut no n o ti ce was .

tak e n o f hi s w arni n gs It w as b road dayl i gh

. t O c to ber ,

asth be fo re G e n eral Pri ce b e ga n to mo v e andth

,
e train
,

di d no t ge t strai ghte n ed o ut and i n mo ti on un ti l af ter

su nri se She l by hadb e e n se n t i n ad van ce to tak e F ort
.

Sco tt . M armadu k e was i n re ar and F agan had the ,

trai n i n charge .

As so o n as the co l u mn was cl ear o f the ti mbe r M arma ,

d uk e fo rme d C l ark s b ri gad e i n li n e o f battl e a ndmo ve d

'
,

across th e p ra i ri e p p
re are d to fi gh t at an y m o m e n t .

Where ve r the gro und was favo rabl e he stoppe d, ab out

f ace d andcheck e d the e n e my in o rder to gi ve the trai n
ti me to ge t ahe ad ando ut o f the way J ust be fore reach
.

i ng M i n e cre e k he co n gratu late d himse l f that hi s fro nt

was cl e ar andsai d whe n he came i n si ght o f the ti mber
, ,

i n the cree k bo ttom that a fte r crossi n g the cree k he

,

w o uld fo rm and che ck the pursui t f o r all day The .

F e de ral s w e re marchi n g wi thpro ba b l y tw o re gi ments in

l i n e o f b attl e o ne o n e i the r Hank , andan o ther i n co l umn

,

o f comp an i e s i n th e ce n te r, pre p are d e vi d e n tl y f o r pro mp t

andd e ci d e d acti o n When M armad uk e re ache d the rise
.

i n the p rai ri e th at o v e rl oo k e d the cre e k b o tto m he w as ,

su rp ri se d to findthe w ago n trai n o n hi s si d e o f the cre e k ,

the te amste rs d i smo u n te d andl yi n g o n the grass o r tal k

i ng w i th each o the r a nd abo ut o ne wago n crossi n g the
,

c ree k e ve ry fi ve mi n u tes .

Cl ark s b ri gade was at once abo ut face d andF re e man s '

’
-

fo rme d o n Clark s ri ght wi ththe batte ry b e twee n them

’

, .
 C ON FE D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

F agan f orme d hi s di vi si o n as rapi dl yas po ssi b le b ut o nl y ,

C abe ll s bri gad e andso me re giments go t i nli n e Ge n eral

’
.

Pl e asa n to n the Fe d e ral co mmande r se e me d to di vi n e

, ,

f ro m the se mo ve me n ts that the re w as so me th i n g wro n g i n

M armad uk e s rear andorde reda charge The two re gi
'
.

me n ts i n li n e moved ob li quely agai nst eacho f Marma

d uk e s fl an ks andthe one i n co l umn o f compani es Spread
'
,

ou t andstru ck strai gh t at hi s ce n te r F re e man s b ri gad

'
. e

o n th e ri gh t gave w ay wi th ou t w ai ti n g to re ce i v e the
e n e my s ch arge andM armad uk e orde re d a co un te rcharge
’

b y Clark s b ri gade and led i t hi mse l f H e me t the

'
.
,

e n e my s ch a r e half w h
'
g ay T e c h ar g gi
. n l i n e s p a sse d
thro u gh ea ch o the r, tu rn e d and p asse d th ro u gh each
o th e r agai n re tu rn i ng to some th
,
i n g li k e the i r o ri gi na l
posi tions Du. ri n g th i s ti me the e n e my had passe d
aro u nd the ri ght flan k w he re F re eman had bee n and
ch arge d the b a ttery fro m th e re ar, cap tu re d i t andtu rn e d

i ts guns up o n the Co nf e d erates The Co nfed e ra tes as

.
,

we ll as the F e d e ral s we re dresse d i n b l ue andM arma

, ,

duk e re turni n g fro m the charge and se e i n g hi s b atte ry

firi n g o n hi s co mmand ro d e do wn o n i t ord e re d the men ,

to cease firi n g andw as tak e n p

, ri so n e r The cree k was .

j am m e d w i th w a go n s a n d t h e ro u
, t b e i n g co m pe te and
l
e v eryth i n g i n co n fusi o n the so l d i ers go t across i t whe t
,

e y co u Ca be ll s and Sle mo ns Ark an sas b ri

'
e v e r th ld
’
.

g ad es o n t h e l e ft ch ar ge d a t th e s a m e t i m e C l ar k
'
s di d ,

andf are d v e ry mu chas i t d i d Cabe ll andSle mo ns w ere.

bo th tak e n priso n e rs So was Co l o ne l Je fi ers o f Cl ark s

.
'
,

b ri gad e w hi l e Li eute nan t Co l o n e l Ward andM ajor Par

,
-

ro tt andA dj u tan t Co l e man o f hi s re gi me n t w ere se v ere l y

w o und ed M aj o r Parro tt fatally Co l one l M cGhe e o f an
, .
,

Ark an sas re gi me n t w as al so se v ere l y w ou

, nde d .

Shelby was f ar i n ad van ce marchi n g rapi dl y on Fo rt ,

Sco tt andPri ce was se ve ral mi l es fro m the sce n e o f the

,

fight Whe n the n e w s o f the ro u

. t re achedPri ce andhe
saw th e re mn an ts o f th e army ru shi n g l ik e a he rd o f

stamp e de d cattl e across th e p rai ri e h e se n t i n h ot h

, aste
Mo 1 3
l94 CON F E D E R A TE i ll/LI TAR Y H IS TOR Y
.

f o r She lb y As f ast as the ir ho rses cou

. ldb ri ng the m,
She lb y and hi s di vi si o n re turne d, passed thro ug h the
mo b o f pani c stri cke n me n, andalmost b e fo re the F e d
-

e rals kne wi t re se nte da firm fro nt to th em Du ri ng the

p .

day Shelb y ro de do wn ho rse afte r ho rse , tryi ng to b ri ng

so me so rt o f o rder out o f the chaos, all the ti me ke e p i ng
hi s e ye o n the mo ve ments o f the e nemy, fighti ng and
che cki ng the m uld wi thout ha zardi ng a
whe ne ve r he co ,

ge neral e ngage me nt J ust b e fo re sundo wn he go t all

.

the me n p o ssi b le i n li ne op ene d w i th h i s arti lle ry a nd

,

o fi e re dthe e ne my b attle I n o ne se nse i t was a b lu

. ff ,

b ut She lb y hada ha b i t o f maki ng h i s b lu fi s go o d The .

e ne my b ro u ght the i r a rtille ry i nto ac ti on and se e me di n

cline dto acce p t the challe nge b u t She lby h adsent J o hn
,

T Cri sp wi th a cro wd o f me n whom he hadsucce e de d

.
,

i n ge tti ng toge the r aro u ndan e x tensi ve ele vati on i n the

,

prai ri e andthe se appe ari ng i n a po si ti o n to threa te n the

,

ene my s flank he h alte d he si tated andth en slo w ly and

'
, , ,

su llenly re ti re d .

E x ce p t f or anho u r th at ni ght, w hen many w ago ns w e re

bu rne d and great q uanti ti es o f ammuni ti on were de

stro ye d th ,
e army d i d no t halt u ntil i t hadmarche d6 5
mi le s andre achedthe vi ci ni tyo f N e wto ni a All thi s ti me .

She lb y was i n re ar co ve ri ng i ts re treat When he reached .

N e wto ni a he i nfo rme dGe ne ral Pri ce that a co lu mn o f the

e ne my p ,
ro b ab ly stro ng w as no t f ar b e h i ndhi m ,
.

Ge ne ral Pri ce d i scre di te d the i nf orma ti on B ut S he lb y .

held hi s di vi si o n in readi ness to mee t the ene my H e .

was de termi nedto fight andendthe que sti ono f the pursui t
the n and there H e chose hi s p . o si ti o n j udi cio usly and
wai te d The re was no use le ss delay on the ene my s part
.
’

no r o n Shelb y s As soo n as B lu nt came uphe attacked

’
.

O b h S he lb y re e lle d h i atta ck andch a rge d

( cto e r a 8t ) .
p s

hi m Fo r a half o r thre e q
. uarters o f an hour the fighti ng
-

was terrifi c then the F e derals be gml to give way and

, ,

i n an hou r from the ti me the first gu nw as fire dB lu nt

was i nf ull andrapi dre trea t Shelby made the fight alo ne .
 C ON F E D E R A TE MILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

an dun ai de d di dno t ask f o r assi stan ce anddi dno t

He
al o m
.

re ce i v e any e x ce p ,
t tha t o f so me i nd i vi du ce rs and

so me fragme n ts o f co mm ands th at w e n t to h i m o n the

fie ld o f the i r o w n acc o rd w he n the firi n g co mme nce d and
di d what the y co uld to ai d hi m The d e feat o f B lun t .

e nd ed th e p ursui t, and was the l ast b attl e fo ught i n the

Tran s M i ssi ssi pp
-
i de p artme:n t .

Bu t th e h ardsh ip s and su fi e ri ngs o f the so ldi e rs w e re

no t e nde d . I t was the l ast o f O cto be r andthe w eather ,

was ge tti n g co ld and stormy Be fo re re achi n g the .

n o rthe rn bo rder o f Ark an sas the re was pro tracte d rai n

e nd i n g wi th sno w Pro vi si o ns f o r the me n w e re scarce
.

andf o rage f o r th e h o rses w as scarce r The army mo ve d

.

i n a so uthwe ste rn d i rec ti o n and crosse d the Ark ansas

ri v e r i n th e Indi an co u ntry o n the 7 th o f N o ve mber .

The e n emyi t hadto e n co u n ter a fte r that was starvati o n .

The I n d i an co u n try was n e arl y d e po pulate d andthor

ou h
g y l d e so l a te d S. tra gg l i n g p a r ti es se t th e d ryp rai r i e

grass on fire andho rse s d

, i e d b y tho u sands The ho rses .

w e re le d be cause the y w e re to o w ea k to b e ri dde n The .

me n suff e re d too F i rst there w

. as no b rea d and
the n no meat Mu. les and ho rses w ere k i ll e d andeate n ,

n ll W i th ou t s l t A i n S h e l b a m t th li f
g e e ra y a g a .
y c e o e re e

o f th e army H e too k the adv an ce to fight starv ati o n

.
,

as h e h adta k e n th e rear to figh t the F e derals F ar d o wn .

the Can adi a n ri ve r he fo u nd thousand s o f f at cattle as ,

wi ld almost as de er H i s men ki ll edhundre ds o f the m

.

andmade corrals andse cu re d th ou sand s, w h i ch w ere he ld

unde r guard un ti l the army came up A fter that the re .

was meat i n abundan ce b ut w i tho ut b read or salt N o t

, .

un ti l Bo ggy D epo t was re ached two w ee ks late r didthe , ,

w o rn dispi ri te d andstarvi n g so ldi e rs have a me al o f e ve n

,

scan t army rati o n s A s i t was hu

. ndreds o f the m fe l l
,

be hi nd fro m starvati o n and the w eak nesses cause d b y

starv ati o n a nd d
, i e d be fo re re li ef came On crossi n g .

R ed ri v e r the M i sso uri co mmands we re camp e d i n and

arou nd Cl ark svi ll e Tex , .

 C ON F E D ERA TE M ILI TAR Y H IS TOR Y .

N ot l ong after the re turn o f the e x pe di ti o n Go ver no r

,

R e yno lds p ub li she d in a Marshall (Te xas) pape r a lo ng

co mmu n i ca ti on re vi e wi n g the ge n eral shi p o f the co m
,
.

mande r o f the e xpe di ti o n andcri ti ci si n g hi m i n sca thi n g

te rms . Ge n e ral Pri ce too k no no ti ce o f i t at the ti me b ut ,

hi s fri e nds re pl i ed to i t; and at last i t crea ted so much

fe e l in g o ne way and the o ther that Ge n e ral Pri ce was
, ,

co mp e lledto ask f o r a cou rt o f i n qu

.i ry H i s re q uest was
co mp li e d wi th andthe co urt consi ste d o f B ri gadi e r G e n
,
-

e rals D rayto n and M cN ai r and Co l o n e l L u c k e tt M aj

, .

O scar Watk i n s be i n g j u dge ad vocate Co l R H M usser

. . . .
,

e N i n th M i ssou , w
o f th ri i n fan try as G e n e ral Pr i ce s mil
’
.

i tary fri e nd The co u

. rt d e l ayed acti o n fro m ti me to ti me
,

un ti l fina ll y the crash came and i t di sappe are d i n m

,

g e n e r al wreck .
 C HA PTER XX .

m s meso ns : B RI G AD E SEN T TO T H E D E F E N S E o r
M O B I LE — G E N E RA L CAN B Y D E C L IN ES A N O PE N
F I E L D F I G H T— TH E TR OO PS W E S T O F T H E M I SS I S
sxppx D E S PO N D EN T—MA G R U D E R AN D S H ELB Y
G E N E RA L L E E S S U RR E N D E R —
'
S H E LB Y I SS U ES A N
—
AD D RE SS TO H I S TR O OPS G O ES TO S H R E E PO R T V
AN D PR O PO S E S A PLAN O F A CT I O N — I T I S A D O PT E D
—
.

B U T M I SCAR R IES T H E M ISSO U R I T R O O PS ST AN D

—
FI R M SH E LB Y GO ES TO M EXI CO T H E EN D — .

N the Fe b ruary, 1 86 5 , the M i sso u

rst o f ri b ri gad fi
under co mmando f Co lo ne l M cC o wn. was o rde re d
to M o b ile Be fore i t reached the re i t was o i ne d
. j
b y Ge ne ral Co ckre ll, still su fi e ri ng f ro m hi s wo u nd s, a nd r

Ge ne ral G a te s, who had lost an arm .G e ne ral Co chre n

was assi gne dto the co mmando f the di vi si on la te ly co m
manded b y Ge ne ral F re nch, and Co lo ne l G ate s to the
command o f the b ri gad e A d di ti o n s o f e x c h a n g e d P fi fi '

ab ou
.

oners w er e mad e to the b ri gad e u n ti l i t n u m b e re d t

u F e b ru
400 me n I t ca m pe dfive mi les fr o m M o b i le n ti l ~

O”
.

whe n i t was ord d h b t P

ary 3 4th y
w
er e to c ro s s t e a a
,

Blake ly, w he re i t was put o n pi cke t d u ty o n t h e P en

m i th an
road ,
upo n whi ch Ge ne ral Steele was a d v a n c g W
nm f l th an
army co rp O n thi s se rvi ce a d e tac h n
;
t o e s s
s
w
.

hund re dme n m e t andro u teda cavalry r g e i m e n t ,

h i c 1

chargedanda tte mp te d to ri de o ve r i t .

Ge n D H M aury w
. . as i n co mmando f th
e C o n fi d e n te
. .

e rs w e re to de
d h i p
:
f n s os
force s at M o b i le , andhi s o rd e

h t t n i
ti on as long as he co u ld a n d th e n b u rn all t e co o

es w t
,
d n
is
f
the ci ty and re ti re The ci ty and i ts e e s

s —tw
.

threa te ned b y three army corp o u n d e r a

2?
Ge n a l 1
Canb y and o ne unde r G e neral Ste e le .
e r
£ 1
Wi th inf antry, amo ng the m t h e M M b “
lfl C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

an dte n pi ece s o f arti ll ery ma rche d o ut ando fi e re dGe n

,

e ral Can bybattl e ; b u tw i th me nhe d ecl i n e dthe o ff er

unl ess he w e re attack e d Ge n eral M aury the n o ccupi e d
.

Sp an i sh F o rt andF o rt B lak e l y andw ai te d to b e attac k e d

i n the m .The M i sso u ri b ri gad e w as sta ti o n e dat F o rt

B lak e l y Ge n e ral Co ckre ll be i n g se co nd i n co mman d and

, ,

Ge n e ral M au ry sai d that amo n g th e garri so n was the

n o b l e b ri gade o f M M uri ans Eli j ah G ates co mmand i n g
, ,

the su r vi vo rs o f mo re th an tw e n ty b a ttl es andthe fin est ,

"
tro o p s I h ave e v e r se e n .

Spani sh F o rt fe ll first andthe n the e fi ort

, s o f th e com

b i ne dF e d e ral fo rce s w e re d i rec te d agai n st F o rt B l ake l y .

The M isso uri ans w e re so w eak i n n u mbe rs andthe l i n e ,

the y hadto d e fe nd w as so l o n g that i t w , as n ecessary to

d e pl o ythe men te n yards apart The F e derals ad van ce d .

agai nst th i s thi n li n e i n three li n es o f ba ttl e

stro n g . Tw i ce the M i sso uri ans w e re mo ve d fro m the i r
p os i ti o n i n the l i n e to re pul se assaul ts o f n e gro troo ps ,

whi ch the y di d; b ut as the y w ere re turni n g from the l ast

e n gage me n t th e F ed e rals h ad forcedthe i r w ay i n to th e

i ntre nchme n ts and findi ng the mse l ve s cu

, t 0 6 the M i a .

so u ri ans too k to th e w ate r andb y w ad

, i n g andsw i mmi ng
a co n si d e rab l e p art o f th e m reach e d M ob i le Thi s re m .

n an t o f 1 5 0 o f as b rave a fo rce as e ve r fo ught we re sur

re nde re d o n th e 4th o f M ay 1 86 5 ,
at M e ri d ,
i an and ,

we re the n paro l e d andre turn e d to the i r ho mes .

The w i n te r o f 1 86 4 and 1 86 5 d ragge d sl o w l y i n th e

Tran s M i ssissi pp
- i de p artme n t I t was fu
. ll o f unce r
tai n ty gl oom and darkn e ss
,
The shad o w o f i mp
. e nd i n g

di saste r re ste d he avi l y o n the Spi ri ts o f the me n i n the

army andth
, e yl o n ge d f o r sp ri n g to co me that th e y mi gh t
b e ab l e at l e ast to face the sto rm i f the y co uld no t do ,

an yth i n g to ave rt i t The re w e re

.
g oo d so ld i e rs

i n the d e p artme n t ,
b ut the autho ri ti e s a t Shre v e p o rt

se e me d to b e u tte rl y i n cap ab l e o f u ti l i z i n g the m D ur .

~

i ng the e x p ed i ti o n to M i sso u ri M aj Ge n J B M agru

, .
- . de r
. .

hadbe e n assi gn e d to the co mmand o f the d i stri ct o f A r

 C ON FE D E R A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 1 99

k ansas andhadmad e hi s he ad quarte rs at Washi ngto n

, .

B e tw ee n hi m andShe l by the re was f ro m the first a stro n g

affi n i ty w h i ch i n the co u
,
rse o f the wi n te r resu l ted i n an
und erstandi n g that as soo n as i t was po ssi bl e to mo ve the
tro op s i n the sp ri n g— as so o n as th e re w as e n o u ghgrass
to su h ho rse s—a ca v alr e x p d i i n i n h n u
pp o rt t e y e t o t e a t re ,

o f a fo rl o rn h op e w o uld b e se n t i n to M i sso uri under

,

She l b y to b e fo ll o w e d as cl ose l y as prac ti ca b l e b y the i n

,

f antry wi th St Lo ui s i ts o bj e cti v e po i n t
, . Ge n Ki rby . .

Smi thpracti call ye nd o rse d the p d d u n

e nte r ri se , an
ri g th e

w i n ter andearl y spri n g She l by se n t o ffi ce rs upo n w ho m

he co uld re l y to N o rth Ark an sas andM i sso u ri to h av e

thi n gs i n rea di n ess b y the ti me he came .

Du ri n g th e wi n te r th e re w e re re p o rts wi th ou t nu mb e r
o f mo v eme n ts on th e p art o f th e e n e my; andth e ca v al ry

whi ch was campe d n e ar F ul to n , and so me ti me s the i n

fantry w hi ch was camp e d n ear Camd e n we re se n t f ro m ,

p la c e to pla ce to ch e ck th em b ut th e ,re po rts a l w ays

p r o v e d to b e f alse o r a t l e ast e x agg e ra te d an d th e re w as ,

no fighti n g I t was no t the po l i cy o f the F e d erals i n the

.

co ndi ti o n thi n gs w ere to tak e any c han ce s . The y w e re

content to w ai t .

Ge n e ral Lee u nder at A ppo matto x was an earth

'
s s rre

q uak e shock to the Trans M i ssissi ppi de partme n t I f the

~
.

man age me n t o f the d e partme n t had be e n i rre so l ute b e

fo re i t be came paralyze di n vi e w o f that grea t andune x
'

pecteddi saste r She l by ho w e ve r i ssue d a sti rri ng ad

.
, ,
.

d re ss to the so ldi e rs o f his di vi si o n i n w hi chhe re mi nd ed

,

them o f th e h ardsh ip s th ey h adu nd ergo n e the d an ge rs ,

the y h adface d ,
the b a ttl es the y h ad f o u h
g ,t t he v i cto ri es

they hadw o n; andbe so u g ht th e m i n m e m o ry o f

. t h e n u
su l li e d battl e reco rd o f the d i vi si o n ando f the co mrade s
-

who haddi e d on the fie ld o f battle to stand firm andno t ,

e nte rtai n e v en th e th ou ght o f surre nd e r H i s me n stoo d .

b y him as the y al w ays hadd o n e andas the y d

,
i dto the
last There we re mee ti n gs o f the go vernors o f the state s
.

—Lo ui siana Ark an sas Te xas and M i ssouri — b ut the

, ,
 '
200 C OA F E D E R A TE AIILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

agree me nts the y made andthe resoluti o ns the y ado pted

we re wi tho ut practi cal e ff ect There were mee ti ng s of
the hi gh mi li tary o m cers w ho ought to have unde rs tood
the si tuati o n— whi ch was fight or su er—
rre nd a nd th ey

we re mo re unde ci de d and di vi dedi n opi nion than thme

of the ci vi l o ffice rs .

She lb y at last le f t his di vi si on at Marshall andwe nt to

Shre ve p o rt T he re he go t a me e ti ng o f the mili ta ry men
.

— Churchill H awtho rn Pre sto n Flourno y and o the rs

, , ,

at w hi ch i t was agree d and cou nselled that the army

sh ou ld b e co nce ntrate d o n the B razos andsho u ld fi gh t
ste pb y ste pto the Ri o G rand e th ere b ygi vi ng the S ta tes
,

eas t o f the M i ssi ssi ppi o ppo rtu ni ty to act andif the wo rse ,

ca me to th e w o rst the arm

y cou ldmake terms wi th o ne
go ve rnme nt or the h
o t er i n Mexi co . This was She lb ys
'

pre po s i ti o n .

B ut b e fo re thi s ti me Ge ne ral Smi thhadb een e ng aged

ina p d
co rre s o n e nce wi th Ge n J ohn Po pe o f the F e deral
.

army o n the su b j e ct o f a surre nd er Ge neral Po pe wrote

.

f ro m S t Lo ui s o n the roth o f Ap
. ril to G e neral S mi th ,

i nfo rmi ng hi m o f the surre nd e r o f Ge neral Lee and th e

pro b a b le surrende r o f G e ne ral J o hnston ando fier i ng him ,

the sa me te rms tha t ha db ee n grante d Ge neral L e e if h e

and hi s a rmy cho se to lay d ow n the ir arms Thi s surn .

mo ns he se nt thro ugh hi s chi e f o i stafi Co l J o hn J - -

, . .

Sp ragu e .Ge ne ral Smi th re pli ed M ay 9th, d ecli ni ng to

,

su rre nd e r and sta ti ng th

,
at h e h ad e fi ecti ve sol

di e rs unde r hi s co mmand Ten days late r he i nf o rmed

.

Co lo ne l S p ragu e th at h is a rmy had d i sb and e d i tse lf .

"
F ro m o ne e xtre mi ty o f the d artme nt to th e o the r,
“
ep

he sa i d the tro o ps e xce pt Shelb y s hero i c d

'
, , i vi si o n of
M i sso uri ca valry have di sso lvedall mili tary o rgani z ation
,

"
and re tu rne d to th e ir h o me s Andi n a p
. ostscr i p th e

sai d re f e rri ng to the i n

, f antry: Since w ri ti ng the ab ove

I have i nf orma ti on that the M i mou rl anda p orti o n o f th e

A rkansas tro op s sti ll re ta in the i r o rganizati o n I n f act. .
 CON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S T O R Y . 201

the M i sso uri and Arkansas i nf antry re f use dto c ross the
ri ve r a t Shre ve p o rt le st th e y sh ou ld b e s urr e nde re d .

A f te r i t hadb ee n agree db y She lb y a ndhi s su ppo rte rs

tha t the Co nf e d e rates w ou ld no t surre nde r b ut sho uld
co nce ntrate o n th e B razo s andco nti nu e the w a r, She lb y

we nt b ack to M arshall andput himse lf a t the he ado f hi s

di vi si o n to re turn to Shreve p o rt . B ut b e f o re he go t
the re , the ar my was f ormally surre nde re d .

S he lb y then de termine d to go to M e x i co Co nf u
. sion

re i gne d su pre m e . T he a rm y h ad b e e n s urre nd e re d .

There was ne i ther ci vi l nor mili tary autho ri ty to ho ldthe

lawless e le me nts i n check .H is me n had the cho i ce to
o w i th h i m o r r tu n t o th i r h o m es A b ou t 5 0 0 we nt
g e r e .

wi thhi m But the re was no re lax a ti o n o f di sci pli ne

.
.

As he p asse d th ro ug the
h St ate b e p ro te c te d t h e p e o ple

i n all their ri ghts —p ro te cte d th e m f ro m t h e 18 W1 6 88 3 058

of th ei r o wn di sb and ed so l di ers A.t S a n A n t o n i o h e too k

under hi s pro tecti o nG e n Ki rb ySmi th,

.
G e n e ra l M ag m ‘
d
n o ld
er, Ge neral Pri ce , G e ne ral H i nd man, G o v e r n o r R e y s

o f M isso u ri, Go ve rno r A lle no f Lo u i s i a n a an d G o v e r n or

Mu rrah o f T e xa s, b e si d e a nu mb e r o f o t h e r c w rl a n d
n d ted
mi li taryofi eers, gave the m a guardo f h o n o r
as m
e s co r
u d
the m o u t o f the co u ntry; andwhen he a nd h i

h u a rd
crossed th de at Eagle Pass, t re a r g
w
e Ri o G ran e

the last vesti ge —

o f the Co nf e d erate army ( fl a ed
 RAJO R -G E N E RALS AN D BRIGAD I E R - G E N E R ALS PR O ,

VI S IO N AL A R MY O F TH E CO N F E D E R A T E S T A T ES .
'‘
A CCRE D IT E D l o M ISSO UR L

Major Ge neral John S B o we n was b o r n i n G e o rgi a i n

-
.

1 83 9,He w as ap po i nte d to the U ni te d S ta te s mi li tary

aca ed my i n 848 and on gradu

1 ati o n was promo te d to
b re ve t seco nd-li e ute nant, J uly 1 , 3 8 5 3 .B e i ng assi gne d
to the Mou fl
nted Ri es, he servedat the C arli sle ca valry
sch ool, and on th e fro nti er, w i th pro m o ti o n to se co nd
li eute nanto nj nly so , x85 4 H e resi g'ne dhi s co mm i ssi o n e r:
.

the rst o f M ay, 1 85 6 , andb e came an a rchi te ct i n Sa van

nah, Ga , co nti nu i ng to grati fy his mi li ta ry tastes as li e u
—
tenant co lo nel of Ge org i a mi li ti a H e re mo ve d to St
.
.

Loui s, M o , i n 1 85 7 , where he also f o llo we d the b usi ness

o f an arch i tect From x85 9 to x8 6 : he was ca ptai n i n
.

the M i ssou r i mili tia . H e was aduta nt to G e ne ral F ro st

j
duri ng his expe di ti on to the Kansas b o rde r i n se arch o f
M o ntgo mery, a pro mi ne nt charac te r i n the K ansas
trou ble s
. When the civil war g b e a n h e co m m a n d e d t h e

Second r g ent i m f F ro t
’
s b i g a d e H e w a s ac t i n g

u
e o s r .

ch i e f o t staif to F rost when Camp J ac k

~ l so n w as ca p t r e d
b y Ge neral Lyon Go ing to M em ph ,
. i s T e nn ,
a
. n d i n to

the sou theastern p art o f M isso u ri , h e rai s e d th e F i r st

Mi ssou ri regi ment o f i nfantry, o f w h i c h h e w as co mm i s

ne 3 1 , x86 : H e was d
i n t “ 1°
si o nedco lone l on j u
e °
ass g
d
,

army o f Ge neral Po lk at Co lu mb us, K y , a .n d ac te as

bri gad e command er u nde r that o fl

'
i ce r s c o m m a n d W. h en

in the spring o f 1 86 2 Alb e rt Si d ne y J o hnst o n a n d B e a n

npon Grant, Bowe n, who on March 1 4 th had 1° “ i

206 C ON F E D ERA TE MILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

hi s commi ssi o n as bri gadi e r general, was assi gn e d to the -

di vi si on o f J o hn C B re ck i n ri dge In the first da y s

'
. .

b attl e a t Shi l o hhe was wo unde d General B e a ure gard, .

i n his o ffi c i al rep ort o f th e b attl e th us spea k s : B ri g .

Ge n s B R J o hn so n andB o w e n, mo st me ri to ri o u
. . . s od i
ce rs w e re also se v e re l y w o u
,
nd e d i n the first co mbat, b ut
i t i s ho p e d wi ll so o n b e ab l e to re tu rn to d u ty wi th the i r
b ri gad es Whe n i n 1 86 3 Gran t crosse d the M i ss i ssi ppi
.

andl and ed at B ru i n sb urg Ge n e ral Bo we n, th ou g h f e ar

,

full y o utnumbere d, thre w hi mse l f i n hi s path andwi th

the u tmost co u rage and d e te rmi n a ti o n, re si ste d h i s ad
v an ce A fter a patri o ti c sacri fice he was f o rce d b ack
.

upo n the mai n army unde r Pe mbe rto n O n the 2 5 th o f .

M ay he was re w arde d f o r hi s b rave w o rk at Po rt Gi bso n

b y the co mmi ssi o n o f maj o r ge n e ral in the army o f the -

Co nfe d e ra te Sta tes H e fo ught wi th d . i sti n cti o n i n the

o th e r ba ttl es o u tsi de o f V i ck sb urg and i n all th e fight ,

i ng and su fi eri ng o f the l o n g si e ge he andhi s me n had

the i r f u ll share A t the fall o f the ci ty he was paro l e d ,
.

and w e n t to R aymo nd, M iss , w here h e d i e d fro m si ck

n e ss co n tracte d duri n g the si e ge J ul y 1 6 1 863 , , .

B ri gad i e r- Ge n e ralJ o hn B Cl ark Jr — The re we re .

, .

tw o J o hn B Cl arks ; th e f ath
. er b ri gad i e r ge n e ral o f the ,
-

M i sso uri Sta te G u ard ; th e so n a b ri gad i e r ge n e ral o f the ,

-

Co n fe d erate States army The e lde r C lark was bo rn i n .

M ad i so n co un ty K y A pri l 1 7 , 1 81 2 . H e re mo vedto
.
, .

M i sso uri wi thhi s f ather i n 1 8 1 8 andwas admi tte d to the ,

b ar i n 1 8 2 4 H e be gan the p .racti ce o f la wat F aye tte ,

M o , and was cl e rk o f H o w ard co un ty co u

. rts f ro m 1 8 3 4

to 1 83 4 I n the B la ck H awk war o f 1 83 2 he command e d

.

a bo d y o f M i sso uri vo l u n tee r ca valry andd uri n g the war ,

was twi ce w o unde d In 1 848 he was made maj o r ge n e ral .

-

o f th e M i sso uri mi l i ti a Fro m 1 85 0 to 1 85 : he was a .

me mbe r o f the l e gi sl ature ; also he ad e d a fo rce to d ri ve

the M ormo n s ou t o f Mi ssou ri I n 1 85 7 he was e l ecte d to .

Co n gre ss as a D e mocrat to fi ll a vaca n cy andse rv edun ti l

 C ON F ED E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S T O R Y . M?

86 1 A t the b e ginni ng o f the war he was a p o i nte d

1 .
p
b ri gadi e r-ge ne ral b y Go vernor J ack so n, a nd co mm anded
a f o rce o f the M i ssou ri State Gu ardu nti l he was di sa b le d
a t Sp ri ngfi e ld Af te r hi s recovery he was e le cte dto the
.

firs t Co nf ede rate Co ngress .H e a f te r wards se rve d as

Co nf e de rate se nato r from M i sso uri un ti l the e ndo f the
war, whe n he res umedhis lawprac ti ce a t F a ye tte , where
he resi ded a t the ti me o f his dea th, O c to b e r 3 9 , 1 8 9 5 .

H i s so n J o hn B ulloch Clark, Jr , was b o rn a t F a ye tte ,

.

J anua ry r4, 1 83 1 .Af te r atte ndi ng the pre p a ra to ry

sch o o ls he e nte re dth e M issou ri u ni ve rs i ty whe re he spe nt

tw o ye a rs, the n stu dying at the H a r va rd la w sc ho o l,
where he graduate din 1 854 Se ve n ye ars late r the gre at
.

e ve nt w hi ch b roke i nto the p eace fu l p urs ui ts o f so many

me n aro use dyou ng Clark to a newands ti rri ng li f e B e i ng .

the so n o f such a f ather, h e co u ld b ut b e p ro f o u ndly

move d b y the se ntiment which so qui c kly made o f the
who le South a great mi li tary camp A re si stle ss de si re .

to se rve the i r cou ntry i n the te nte d fi e ld se i z e dupo n

almo st the e nti re b o d y o f th e hi g h s p i r i te d y o u n g m en o f

the So uth .T hey felt that the ri g hts a nd li b e rti es o f

thei r S ta te s and th e p pe rty o f th
ro e c i ti z e n s w ere i m p e l “

u
yw u c kle
i lle d , a n d th e e re no t o nly re ady b t e a g e r t o b
m d n i e la nd
o n the i r armo r f or th e d e f ense o f h o e a n a t v .

80 the yo u nge r Clark gave up hi s la pw r ac t i ce a n d en

tare d the M i sso u ri i nf antry as a li e u t e n a n t . H e W QS

h i x th
.

soo n ma d e cap tain o f o ne o f the co m p a n i e s o f t e S

u h b ttle O f
M i sso u ri re gi ment On the sth o f J y,
.
l a t t e a

Carthage . he was ranki ng as maj o r a nd a c t e d 8 g all a n t

ld
part H i s re gi ment was also co nspi cuo us a t S P f i n g fi e '

d
.

I n 1 8 6 2 he had risen to the p f l n e l a n a s

osi ti o n o c o o
u
,

;
h
t
n i b
e at Pe a R i d
su ch co mmand eda b ri gad g e I t s

n W h i
b o th he andhi s men w o n a rep utati o n f o r g a l la t r y
l H i n d m a n.
they mai ntai ne dthro u u w G n
“
e ta
h
g o t the a r e

n
.

s i n M i sso uri
d A k n s s,
a
r a
in lns rep
'

e rati o n
a
ort o f o p
l n
me nti one d i n te rms o f hi ghest co mm e nda t n C
i
ro o .

W i t h bJr n Y
13 Clark, Jr A f te r he hadlo ng b e e n
. .
“ ti n g a
208 C ON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

in co mmando f a b ri gade, on M arch 8, 1 86 4 be we com .

mi ssioned b y the Co nfe de rate go vernme nt as b ri gadi e r

gcne ral H e se rve dw
. i th hono r i n co mp any w i th such

dashi ng leaders as Marmadu k e and She lb y Af te r the

.

war he re turned to hi s ho me and resume dthe practi ce

o f law . H e se rve d hi s State in C o ngre ss from 1 8 7 3 to
1 883 and on D ece mb e r 4 , 1 883 , w as ch ose n clerk o f the

Hou se o f R epre se ntati ves .

B ri gadi er Ge neral Franci s Mari on Cockre ll,

-
who during
an i mportant era o f the w ar hadthe di sti ncti on o f com
mandi ng the M i sso uri b ri gade of the army of M i ssi s o

si ppi , and since the n has for ne arly a q uarte r ce n -

tury re prese nte d M i sso uri in the U ni ted S tates Se nate ,

was b o rn i n J o hnso n county O cto ber 1 , 1 834 H e was
, .

grad uated at Cha p e l H ill co lle ge i n 1 8 5 3 , and su b se

que ntly e ntere dupo n the practi ce o f law, i n whi chhe has
co nti nu ed f o r many ye ars w i th disti ngui she d su ccess .

H e ente redthe se rvi ce o f the M i sso u ri State Gu ard, f or

the su pport o f the Co nfe deracy, i n M ay, 1 86 1 , as a pri

vate i n Comp any G o f Co lo ne l H u rst s re gi me nt He
’
.

was at once made captai n o f hi s co mpany, andse rve din

that rank si x mo nth s, th e
peri odof enlistment H e the n
organize da co mp any f or th e Se cond Misso u ri inf antry,

mustere d in as Co mpany H At the re organizati on of

thi s co mmandi n M ay, 1 86 1 , the re gi mental vote w as a

ti e b e twe e n h i m and Co lonel B u rbri d ge f or the chi e f

command ,
and B u rb ri dge was co nti nu ed as colone l, an d
Co ckre ll p romo ted to li eu te nant co lo nel
-
. Six w e e ks
late r the latte r was p ro mo tedco lon el, the rank he h e ld

V
unti l af te r the si e ge of i cksb urg In co mmando f hi s
.

co mp an
y o f M isso u ri mi li ti a h e and the y f ou ght li ke
ve te rans u nd e r th e comma nd o f Ge neral Price at th e

i mp o rtant b attles o f Carthage , Wilso n s Cre e k andth

'
e

si e ge o f Le xi ngton, i n 1 8 6 1 , andat Elkhorn Tavern i n

March, 1 86 3 .Wi th Pri ce s army he crosse dthe M i ssis

'

si p pi ab out the ti me o f the b attle o f Shi lo h, andaf ter

 CON F ED ERA n: M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R x 209

tha t da te hi s mi li tary servi ce s we re ma i nl

y re nde re d e as t
o f tha t ri ve r, fi g hti ng f o r the C o nf e de ra c
y. tho ugh hi s
ow n Sta te ha df allen i nto the hands o f the e nem
y He
was Wi th the army at Cori nth, a nd o n the re tre a t to
.

Tupe lo , an di n the su b se q ue nt a g g re s s i ve mo ve m e nts

f o ught wi th H eb e rt s di vi si o n i n c o m ma nd o f hi s re -i
’

g
ment A t the O ctob er b attle o f C o ri nth, he was pa i n
.

fu lly wounde d b y a f ragme nt o f she ll, b ut re mai ned i n

the fi e ldanda t H atch i e B ri d ge was di s ti ng ui s hedf o r co o l
co nd uct i n de fendi ng the rear gua rd I n the spri ng o f
-
.

1 86 3 he w as w i th his re gi me nt, i n B o we n s b ri gade , de ’

f e ndi ng the G ran dGulf re gi o n b e lo w V i ck sb urg, a ndo n

the L o u i si a na shore , b e lo w N e w C ar tha ge , was i n f re
que nt ski rmi sh wi th Grant s adva nce A pr il 1 7 th he
’
.

crosse d to the east si d e , andso o n a f te r wardwas p ut i n

c om ma nd o f th e M i ssouri b ri g ade , co ns i sti ng o f the
Fi rs t, S eco nd, Thi rd ,
Fou rth , F i f th
a nd S i x th re g i me nts

o f i nf a ntr y, andse ve ral M i sso u ri b a tte ri e s . D uri ng the

latte r days o f Ap ri l andthe fi rst o f M a y a t G ra nd G u lf
andPo r t G i b so n th e gallant M i sso u ri a ns we re u nde r fi re
o f the e ne m d d f e a rf u l
'
y s i ron c la s a t c lo se ra n e
g . e n g ga e

od ds, andhe ldat baythe F e deral adva nce until almo st sur o
ro u nde d, the nsaf elyw raw i ng F ro m B i g B M b i dge
.

i thd .
r a
the y re ti red i nto the Vi cksb u rg li ne s , W he re d uri ng
large pa rt o f the si x weeks' si e g e C o lo n l C ach e
en a stub
"
a nd h i s b ri gade fo u h t i n t h e t re nc h e s , ma k i g
g
b orn de f e nse agai nst the p k f t h e n my
e rsi te n t t ta c s o e
ei nto
.
s a
I n the e xplo si o n o f o ne o f the mine s, he was b lo w
h
ni s 11 1 8
the ai r a ndse vere l i n u
y jred . Af ter th e c l os e o f t

W e si e ge , made memo rab le b y the he ro i c e ndurance o ;

the garri so n, he w as u aro le unti l S p t e m b e r ’ 3'
po n p e

1 36 3 . W hen no ti ce o f his exchan e f o u n

d hi m a t D
u
g
i ng w h f u l M i
i thhi m hi
sr
:
O o li s. M i ss f s o
p . sti ll h o ld s a i t
an s. I n the me anti me he hadb e e n p r o m o t e d to 11 8

di e t ge ne ra] , and i n this rank he e nte re d th

- e a r m y 0;

M M BGi PPi . the n unde r the co mmand O f Jo m

p m m f n c h
'
s

i
t“ o f Po lk, hi s b ri ad
g e fo rm g n o
i a
u
2 10 C ON F E D ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

di visi on In M arch 1 86 4 all M i sso uri ans east o f the

.
, ,

M i ssi ssi p p i n o t i,
n a ct u a l se rv i ce w e re o rd ere d to re p o rt
,

to hi m f o r assi gnme n t to d u ty A t thi s cri ti ca l j u . nc

tu re w he n all th
,
e reso u rce s o f th e Co n fe d e racy i n the

d e partme n t o f the West w e re be i n g drawn upo n to e x

hausti o n to fill upthe armi es o f Po l k andJ ohn sto n Ge n ,

e ral Co ck re ll d i sp l aye d such staun ch all e gi an ce to the

cau se as to me ri t th e e x trao rdi nary h o n o r o f th e th anks

o f Co n gre ss B y a j o int reso l uti o n ap

.
p ro v e d M ay 2 3 , ,

1 86 4 i t w
,
as reso l ve d Tha t the thank s o f Co n gress are
,

e mi n e n tl y d ue and are he re by te nde re d to B ri g Ge n

, ,
-
.

F M Cockre ll and the o fi ce rs and soldi e rs co mp

. .
,
o si ng

the F i rst Se co nd T hi rd F o u
,
rth F i fth a nd Si x th re gi
, , ,

me n ts o f M i sso uri i n fan try Fi rst Se co nd andThi rd re gi , ,

men ts o f M isso uri cavalry the b atte ri es o f B l e dso e L an , ,

di s G uib o r Walsh D awso n and B arre t andWoo dso n s

, , , ,
'

d e tache d co mpany all i n the se rvi ce o f the Co n fe de racy

, ,

east o f th e M i ssi ssi p p i r i v e r f o r th e p pro m t re n e w

, al o f

the i r p l e d ge s o f fide l i ty to the cause o f So uthe rn i nde

n d n f f o rty ears u nl i nd n d n n d
p e e ce o r y ess ep e e
,
ce a p e ace ,

Wi tho ut curtai l me n t o f bo undari es shall b e soo n er se ,

"
cu re d .Wi th the se M i sso uri troo ps he mo ve d wi th
Po lk s army to the sup po rt o f J ohn so n agai nst She rman
’
,

re ach i n g K i n gsto n G a M ay 1 7 th af te r w hi ch Fre n chs

’
, , ,

di vi si o n was unde r fi re eve ry day wi th o ne e xce pti o n ,

un ti l the f all o f A tl an ta A t Lo st M o untai n Ge n e ral .

,

Fre n ch re p o rte d his than k s to G en e ral Cockre ll, hi s

o fii ce rs and me n f o r th e i r gall an t co nd u
, ct i n re p ul si n g
the e n e my add i n g that w hate v e r cre di t w
,
as d ue f o r the
co mp l e te re pul se o f the F e de ral assa ul t i n thi s fie rce e n
age me nt be l o n ge d e x cl u si ve l y to Cockre ll s b ri ad e and
’

g g
o o n afte rward Ge n e ral Co ckre ll w
'
o f B arry s S
p ar t . as

agai n w o u nde d b ut b e resume d co mmand A ugust 8th and

, ,

was i n co n stan t sk i rmi shi n g o n the A tl an ta li n e s un ti l

the e v acu ati o n A fte r marchi n g as rear gu
. ard o f hi s ,

co rp s to th ,
e v i ci n i ty o f J o n esbo ro h e w as wi th h i s b ri ,

u stru on and
'
d nd e r d cti ve fire at Lo ve j o S t ti
g a e a e y s a ,
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S T O R Y . 21 1

made a s pi ri te d andsuccessful upo n the F e de rala ttac k

wo rks so uth o f J o nes b o ro on Se pte m b e r 6 th dri vi ng

, ,

thre e ti mes the i r o w n nu mb er f ro m s tro ng ski rm i sh

works I n the f o llo wi ng wi nter he pa rti c i pa te di n the
.

T e nnesse e ca mp ai gn u nder Ge nera l H o o d unti l the f a ta l ,

fi e ldo f F rankli n whe n he w , as o ne o f the twe lve Co nf e d

e ra te ge ne rals killed w ou nd e d or ca
, pture d Whi le g al .

la ntly leadi ng h i s me n i n the f ace o f a te rri fic fi re he ,

re ce i ve d th re e w ou nd s i n o ne arm a nd b o th lo gs the
, ,

b o ne o f o ne le g b e i ng b ro ke n The se i nj uri e s pre ve nte d.

his f urthe r duty up o n the fie ldu nti l the spri ng o f 1 86 5 ,

whe n i n comma nd o f a di vi si on and the le f t wi ng o f the

'

Co nf e de ra te a rmy at B lakely b e for e M o b i le he was CQ P , .

‘

ture d i n the ge ne ral assau lt by o ve rwhe lmi ng F e de ral

f o rce s A p
, ril 9 1 86 5 H e was se nt as a pri so ne r o f war
,
.

to F o rt G ai ne s andp a ro ledsi x w ee k s la te r R e tu r ni ng .

to hi s ho me G e ne ral Co ckrell resum e d hi s li f e as a la w

,

u i h ou h
ye r, a n d to o k a pro m i n e nt p art i n p b l i c a fi a rs t g ,

neve r acce pti ng o ffi ce u nti l i n 1 8 7 5 whe n he was e lec te d ,

u c ed
to the U ni te d States Se nate as a D e m o cr a t to s c
e
Carl Schu rz Si nce the n he has b e e n r t e e le c t e d co n tin
-

w
.

uo usly e nj o yi ng the unab a ted lo ve o f h p p i s e 0 l e ho ,

,

are p ro udb o th o f h i s mili tary and ci vi l re c o r d I n t he .

Se na te he has re ndere d no tab le se rvi c e u p o n t h e ap p ro

n d h b een
pri ati o n and mi li tary aff ai rs co mm i tte e s a as
,

co nsp i cuo us i n the deb ates u po n the ta r i ff a n d m o ne ta ry

q u es ti o ns .H i s resi d e n ce s i nce the w ar h as b e e n at

Warre nsb urg M o , .

B ri g adi e r G e ne ral D ani e l M F ro st

- was b o rn i n N e w
de my
.

York . andf ro m tha t S tate e nte re d the m i li ta ry a ca

h
a t We st Po i nt H e was gradu ate d J u
is
8 a
s
.

ly 1 1 44 ,
,
u
.

n nh l t
ve t se co ndli e ute nant H e se rve d i n g a r ri s
o d
-

the
.

M e xi can war, duri ng whi ch he pa rti ci pa te d in e

V e ra Cru
d a n d C
z , the b a ttles o f Cerro G o
r o
Oi
ll n t a nd
hi m , andwas b re ve tte dfirst li e uten
a
a nt f o r g a
ed
-

h gn
meri to ri ous co nduct a t Ce rro Go rdo e s
e r i
I n 1 8 5 3 .
2 12 C OA F ED
’
ERA TE JU L! TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

hi s co mmi ssi o n i n the my andb ecame the pro

re g ular ar

pri e to r o f a plani ng mi ll at St Lo ui s I n 1 85 4 5 8 he . .
-

was a me mb e r o f the M i sso uri senate andi n 1 86 0 was ,

o n e o f th e bo ardo f vi si to rs to th e U ni te dState s mi li tar

y
a cad e my A t the ti me that M r Li nc oln i ssu
. edh i s c a ll .

f o r tro o ps and rece i ve d such fl at re fu sals fro m th e go v .

c ru o rs o f th e b o rd e r slave State s G o ve rno r J ackso n o f ,

M i sso uri planne d wi th Ge n D ani e l M F rost command . .

,

i ng a sma ll b ri gade o f vo lunte e r mili ti a to se i ze the a rse ,

nal a t S t Lo ui s a ndarm the State troo p

. s Thi s plan .

was de f e a te d b y G e ne ral Lyo n who wi th 7 0 0 me n sur ,

ro u nde dF ro st s b ri gad e o f o nly63 5 andf o rce dthe i r s u

’
r ,

re nd er . While the surre nde r was taki ng place , a gre at

c ro w d o f peo ple gathe re d a nd so me o f the m expre ss e d
symp ath y f o r the pri so ne rs O ne o f L yo n s German re gi
'
.

me nts the n O pe ne d fire upo n the m and3 8 me n wo m e n ,

andch i ldre n w e re ki lle d A si mi lar sce ne occu . rre dne x t

day I t was the ca pture o f thi s campandthe sce nes that

.

a cco mp ani e d i t that d ro ve Ge ne ral Price and many

o th e rs w ,ho upto that ti me hadb e e n staunchU ni onme n,
i nto the ra nks o f the se ce ssi o ni sts thu s i nau gu rati ng ,

c i vi l w ar i n M i sso u ri Frost was at thi s ti me paro le d

. .

H e was afte rward s e xchange d and a t th e b attle o f Pe a ,

R i dge le da b ri ga de o f M isso u ri Sta te troo p s w hi ch di d ,

wo rthy se rvi ce J ust b e f o re thi s b attle ( M arch 3

.
,

F ro st was co mmi ssi o ne d b ri gad i e r ge neral Whe n the -

.

a rmy o f th e We st u nd e r Van D o rn and Pri ce cro sse dthe

M i ssi ssi ppi i n A pri l 1 86 2 Ge ne r al F rost w ,

ent w
, i th
the m . O n M ay sth G e ne ral B ragg a pp o i nte d him i n

sp e cto r
ge ne ral b ut o n M ay e 6 th G e ne ral Frost at hi s
-
,

ow n re q ue st was re li e ve dfro m thi s p osi ti o n Co nce rni ng .

thi s Ge ne ral B ra gg says The ge ne ral co mmandi ng

“

cou ld no t we ll sustai n a gre ate r loss at thi s p arti cu lar

j uncture anddee ply re gre ts the cause which take s fro m
,

us an o ffice r so acco mpli she d z e alo us and efi ci e nt "

, .

G e ne ral F ro st se rved unde r H i ndma n i n A rkansas

i n 1 86 2 and at the b a ttle of Prairi e Grove i n D e
,

D igitiz edb yG o o lc
g
 CON F ED ER A TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y . 2 18

co mb e r hi s mmandi ng gene ral co m pli m e nte d hi m b

co
" y
sayi ng th at
“
he di dhis duty no b ly O n M arch a 3 86 3 , .

whe n G e ne ral H indman was re li e ve d f ro m duty i n the

,

Trans M i ssi ssi p

-
pi Ge ne ral Fro st was assi g ne d to the
,

co mma nd o f h i s di vi si o n O n the 3 0 th o f the sa me

.

mo nth he returne d to the co mm a nd o f hi s o wn

b ri gade I n command o f thi s
. b ri g a de he par
ti ci pa te d i n th e H e lena and L i ttle R o ck ca m
pai gn D uring 1 86 4 he was o n de ta che d duty andsa w
.
,

no m o re ac ti ve se rvi ce Af te r the wa r he re si deda t S t

. .

Lo ui s, a nd e ngage d in agricu ltu r al pur sui ts near tha t

-A mo n
B ri ga d i er- Ge neral M arti n E G re e n g the p.
a tri .

o ts who se ale d th ei r devoti on to the So uthe rn cause b y a

so ldi e r s dea th none acte d a more he ro i c part tha n the

'

so n o f M i ssouri w hom name he ads thi s s k e tch H e w a

s .

b o rn i n Le wi s co u nt Mo ab o ut 1 8 2 5
y, A t the b e gi n
.
,
.

ni ng of the war he usly we nt to wo rk to o rgani z e a

zealo

me nt f o r the So u M and
re gi the rn cause , ne a r P ari S o n ,

j o i ne dG e n S te rli ng Pri ce w n e o f
He t h a t asg e n e ral 8
o

m
. .

mo s t truste d and e fi ci ent e ce rs I n t h e c a p t u

.
re O f

Le x gto n, M o , he contri b ute d larg e y

i n . l to t h e s u c ce ss o f

the Co nf e d e rates Whe n Pri ce wa s g

.
e t ti n g r e a d y to

sto rm the f o rt, Gre en, at th at ti m e g e n e ra l o f t h e M 18

W h J Ch
so uri Sta te G u ard su gg e ste d th a t h e m p b a le s ,
O f
u d w
,

the re we re a great many on the e d h t n S h o l

ge o f t e o ,

b e ta ke n by the sold i e rs andro lledi n f r o

u
n t o f
h
t h e a v anc

1 13 3 “
d
i ng li ne s as a mo vab le b re astw ork Th s t e 8 8 8 8

m
.

agre e d
and Le x in ton w
to the
p lan T he

u
f or

d
t
wi
a

th
s su
.

i t
w c ce ssf

m
u
lly s to r
m“ O f a
pt e s
m
g as ca r
e a n” dhis
men A t the b a ttle of Pea R i dge ,
n“
.

i o ns, a ,
M i ssouri ans acted , as on all o th e r o c c a s a g

the M i ssi ssi ppi i n the spri ng of 1 8 6 2 . G re en 8

f o llowed the f o rtunes o f Pri ce . Th y di d not

e
2 14 CON F ED E RA TE M I LI TAR Y H I S TOR Y .

i n ti me to p arti ci p a te i n the ba ttl e o f Sh i l o h, b u t the

di d bear thei r share o f all the ope ra ti o n s o f the arm
i n M i ssi ssi p p i . G r e e n , p r o m o te d t o b ri g a d i e r
-
g e n era

i n the Co n fe d e rate ser vi ce, J u l y a t , 1 86 2 , too k co mman

o f th e Th i rd b ri gad e o f Pri ce s army H e ca me up o n th
’
.

battl efie ld o f I uk a at the cl o se o f the fight, and ther

marche d to the j un cti o n wi thVan D o rn, afte r whi ch w
fought the b l oo dy ba ttl e o f Co ri n th, i n w hi ch the three
M isso u ri re gi me n ts o f h i s bri gad e , th e Fo u rth andSi x

i nfan try andT hi rd cav alry, l ost 44 3 ki ll e d ,

w o unde d an
mi ssi n g On the seco nd day andat H atchi e b ri dge , h
. ,

co mmande d H ebe rt s di vi si o n , too k an i mp

'
o rta n t p art

the fight andthe p ro te cti o n o f th e re tre at andw as co m

me nded b y Gene ral Pri ce Whe n G ran t crosse d the M is

.

si ssi p i b l w V i k b u G n mm an d i n b i d
p e o c s r g ,
r e e , co g a r ga

o f B o w e n s di vi si o n , march e d wi thp is me n to Por1

'
art o f h

G i b so n , too k co mmand o f the fo rces alre ad y the re, alsc

o f Tracy s b ri gad e a f te r i t came u p, se le cte d the posi
'

ti o n occu p i e d b y t h e C o n f e d era te fo rces ,

a n d fo ught
g a ll a n t b a t t le u n ti l o v e rw h e l m ed b y s up or n umb e rs
e ri
Wi thhis o wn pro pe r co mmand o f abo ut 80 0 me n he wi th
stoo d the attack s o f se ve ral th ou sand F e d e ral s fro m

l i ttl e af te r mi dni ght un ti l .a 111 . Du ri ng th e si e g!

o f V i cksbu rg, w h i ch be gan o n the i 8th o f M ay, he was

i nd e fa ti gabl e i n the pe rfo rman ce o f d uty O n J u . n e z stl
he was w o und e d , ando n the mo rn in g o f the 2 7 th whet
he was i n the d i tche s as was hi s w o n t, re co nn o i te ri n g th
p o s i ti o n s o f th e e n e m y a l o n g h i s fr o n t, andw h i l e l oo k
i ng o v e r the p arap e t i n front o f th e sapo f th e e n e my

whi ch was o nl y abo ut 6 0 yard s di stan t, he was sho

thro u g h th e h e a d b y a s h a rp s hoo te r a n d a l m os t i n st a ntl
k i ll e d . Ge n To m P D o cke ry, who succe e d e d hi m
. .

co mmand sa i d : , H e j o i n edthe army as a pri vate so ld ie

whe n the to csi n o f war first se n t i ts no te s thro ugho ut th
We st H e se rve d hi s co un try lo n g andfai thfull y H i
. .

so ld i e rs re gard e d h i m wi ththa t re v e re n ce du e a fath er

a nd man y a te ar w as sh e d at h i s f al l. H e was a p ur
 CO NFED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

patri o t and a gallan t o ffi ce r, and a true Chri sti an ,

di veste d o f e ve rything li ke a thi rst f o r mi l i tary fame .

H e acte d so l e l y fro m a se n se o f d uty andri ght anda

pu r e lo v e o f co un try, andthu s i n separab ly e n twi ne d hi m
se l f no t o nl y aro u nd the he arts o f hi s troo ps b ut o f all ,

who k ne w hi m .

M aj or Ge ne ral J o hn Sap
-
pi n gto n M armaduke was b o rn
n e ar A rro w R o ck , M o , o n M arch 1 4, 1 83 3 B ro ught up
. .

on h i s father s farm, w i th su chp ara ti o n as he co u

'
re p ld
ge t i n co u n tryschoo l s, he e n te re d Yal e co ll e ge at the age
o f se ve n te e n , andaf ter spe nd i n g two years the re ando ne

at H arv ard he was appo i n te d to the U ni te d State s mi li

tary d my whe re he was graduate d i n 1 85 7
aca e , He .

se rv ed on fro n ti e r d u ty was i n the U tahe x p

, e di ti on u n
de r Al b e rt Si dn e y J o hn sto n andhe ld the rank o f se cond
,

li e uten an t o f the Se v enth i n fan try whe n he re si gne d hi s

co mmi ssi o n to e n te r th e se rvi ce o f th e Co n fe d e ra te States,

A pri l 1 7 1 86 1
,
Wi th the co mmi ssi o n o f first l i e ute n an t
.
-

o f cav al ry h e w as assi gn e d to se rvi ce wi th Ge n e ral

H ardee andsoo n a fte r he was pro mo te d to li e ute n an t co l
,
-

o ne l ando n J an u
,
ary 1 1 86 2 to co l o ne l o f th
, ,
e Th i rd Co n
f e de rate i n fan try an A rk ansas re gi me n t A t the b attl e
, .

o f Sh i lo hhi s re gi me n t bo re the gui d i n g co l o rs o f the b ri

g ad e a nd ca pt ure d th e firs t p ri s o n ers o f th e da y andhe ,

was me n ti o n ed wi thprai se i n the o fl i ci a l re p o rts I n the .

se co nd d ay s b attl e h e w as w o u nd e d andd i sab l e d and

’

while i n hospi tal was reco mme nde d f o r promo ti o n to

the ran k o f b ri gad i e p ge neral H e co mmand e d hi s b ri
.

a d e o f Ar k an san s d u r i n g th e s i e g e o f Cori n th andl ate r

g ,

was orde re d to the Trans M i ssissi ppi and assi gn e d to ,

duty as a b ri gadi er ge n eral Se pte mb er 2 8th und e r Ge n

-
,

e ral H i ndman I n co mmand o f H i ndman s caval ry di vi

'
.

si o n bri gad
,
e s o f Sh e l by andB rad fu te he re nd e re d v al u
,

abl e se rvi ce s Taki n g a co n spi cuo u

. s p art as a di vi si o n

command e r i n th e b attl e o f Prai ri e Gro ve h e w as w arml

y
comme nd e d b yGe ne ral H i ndman w ho n ote d i nhis re po rt
,
21 6 C ON F E D E R A TE . ll l L / TA R Y H IS TOR Y .

tha t M armaduke had appare ntly no t b e e n co nfirme d as

b ri g adi e r andde clare dthat i f the hi ghe r authoriu ad
'

, es h
wi tne sse dhi s valo r at Shi lo handPrai ri e G ro ve , the ho no r
wo uld no t b e de laye d I n J anuary 1 863 he ledan e x .
, ,

pe di ti o n i n M isso uri and attacke d S p ri ngfield and d e ,

f e a te d a co nsi de rab le b o dy o f the e ne my at Hartvi lle ,

co mp e lli ng b y h i s mane uve rs the w i thdraw al o f Ge ne ra l

Blunt s army to Sp ri ngfie ldandth e d e stru cti o n o f a lo ng

’

ch a i n o f f o rts I n A pri l he made a mo re fo rmi d

. ab le ex

pe di ti o n leadi ng the ca valryme n o f She lb y G re ene , Car

, ,

te r a nd B urb ri d ge to C ap e G i ra rd e au He d e fe ated the .

F e de rals a t Taylo r s Cre e k M ay n th andco mmand ed

'
,

the he ro i c b ri gad e s o f Sh e lb y andG re e ne i n th e attack o n

H e le na J uly 4 1 8 6 3 hi s part o f the actio n fai li ng f o r

, , ,

wa nt o f suppo rt D uri ng Pri ce s de f e nse o f L i ttle R ock

.
'

he co mma nde d the c a valry o f the army whi ch fighti ng , ,

as th e re ar gu ard w o rte das ski llf u llyhand le dand

“
as re p ,

b e ha ve da dmi rab ly A t thi s time o c cu . rre dhi s d uel wi th

B ri g G e n L M Walke r whi ch resulte di n the d
-
. . .
,
e ath o f

the latte r M arm aduke was put i n arre st b ut w

. as o r ,
.

dere d to re sume co mmand duri ng pe ndi ng o pe rati ons ,

and su b se que ntly was f o rmally re le ase d b y Ge ne ral

H o lme s . O n O c to b e r 2 5 1 86 3 he a ttacke d Pi ne B lu ,
fi ,

wi th hi s di vi si o n b ut wi tho ut success At the o peni ng o f

, .

the R ed ri ve r camp ai g n 1 86 4 he he ld the li ne o f the

, ,

Ou ac hi ta sco u ri ng th
,
e co u ntry i n fro nt to w i thi n 3 5 mi les
o f L i ttle R oc k and w he n Ste e le adva ncedto cc ope ra te
,
-

wi th B a nks he harasse d andde laye dthe F e de ral mo ve

me nt f ro m the no rth to Ca mde n to such an e x tent as to
make i t i ne ff e ctua l fig hti ng gallantly at Elki n s f e rry
,
’

A p i l 2 d 3 dand4 th a nda t Prai ri e dA ne , A p ri l 9 th

'
r , . On .

the 1 8thhe w o nth e b ri lli a nt acti o n a t Po iso n Sp ri ng. and

at J e nki ns f e rry he r e nd e re di mp In re e
'
o rtant se rvi ces .

o ni ti o n o f hi s va lu
g ab le se rvi ce s M armad uke was made a
majo r ge ne ral tho ugh hi s co mmi ssi o n was no t rece i ve d
~
,

unti l M arch 1 7 1 86 5 I n M ay and J u

, ne 1 86 4 , he w
. as ,

stati o ne d o n th e M i ssi ssi p pi and had a cre di table e u ,

 C ON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

co un te r wi thA J . . Smi that L ak e V i ll age . Wi thSterl i ng

Pri ce o n the gre a t M i sso uri rai d o f 1 86 4, he commanded
o ne o f th e three co l umn s o f di vi si o n and was greatl y
di sti n gui she d A t the battl e o f Li ttl e B l ue , Octo be r z xst,
.

W e horse s w ere k ill e d und e r him w hi le he was e nd eavor

ing to ste m the o n se t o f the e n e my s fo rce s w hi ch fro m
’

thi s p o i n t fo rce d Pri ce to mak e a re tre at He w as i n .

fie rce battl e o n the 2 3 d 3 3 d an do n the 3 5 th at M arai s

, ,
,

des Cygnes was o verwhe lmedwhi l e gu

,
ard i n g the rear ,

and mad e p ri so n e r H e was carri e d to F ort Warre n,

.

and th e re h e l du n ti l A ugust 1 86 5 Af ter hi s release he

, .

too k a j ourn e y to E u ro pe for h i s he al th I n M ay 1 866 .

, ,

he re turn e d to M i sso u ri andengage d i n th e co mmi ssi on

bu si n e ss u n til 1 86 9 whe n he be came superi n te n de nt o f

,

So uthe rn agenci es f o r an i n su ran ce co mp an y He w as .

.

e d i tor o f v ari o u s M i sso u ri p ap e rs 1 8 7 1 7 4 ; i n 1 87 4 secre

,
-

taryo f the State bo ard o f agri cu lture andfrom 1 87 5 to 1 880 ,

a me mbe r o f th e rai lro ad co mmi ssi o n o f M i sso u ri From .

1 8 8 5 to 1 88 7 h e h e ld the h o n ore d p o si ti on of go vern or o f

the State . He d i e d at J e ff e rso n Ci ty D e cember 3 8 1 887 , , .

B ri gadi er Ge ne ral M osby M o n roe Parso n s was born in

-

V i rgi ni a i n 1 8 1 9 E arl y i n li f e he remo ve d to Co l e

.

co un ty, M o , w he re he studi e d lawandbe gan i ts prac

.

ti ce . F ro m 1 85 3 to 1 85 7 he w as atto rn e y general o f M i s -

so u ri and su bse q ue n tl y was ho no re d b y his co n sti tue n ts

wi th a seat i n the State se n ate Whe n war was d e clare d .

agai nst M e xi co h e became a ca p

, tai n i n the army o f the
U ni te d States and se rve d wi th co nsi d erab l e re putati o n .

H e was in the i n vad i n g fo rce that e n te re d Cal if o rni a, and

re ce i v e d h o n orab l e me n ti o n f o r se rvi ce s at Sacrame n to .

A fte r the cl ose o f the war he re tu rn e d to h i s ho me and

re su me d hi s practi ce Whe n the war be twe e n the N o rth
.
~

e m andSou thern State s o f the grea t R ep ub li c co mme n ce d ,

hi s w hole sympathy was wi th the So uth In co mpany .

wi th G o v . Clai born e F . J ack so n he tri edto ally M i sso uri

wi th the Co nfed erate States . He was e xce e di n gl y

 C ON F ED ERA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

acti ve in organi sing the Sta te mili ti a andsucceede d i n

rai si ng a mo u nted b ri gad e, w hi ch he co mmandedwi th
si gnal ab ili ty at Carthage andat Sp ri ngfie ld H e co nti n .

ue dto se rve in M i sso uri duri ng 1 86 1 so me of the ti m e ,

havi ng a se parate co mmand b ut generally servi ng unde r

,

Pri ce . H e rend ere d i mp o rtant se rvi ce a t th e b attle o f

Pe a R i d ge ( Elkho rn) , hi s b ri gade d o i ng so m e o f the

hardest fighti ng o f that well f ought fi eld H e se rved all

- .

throu gh 1 86 : and1 86 3 i n the A rkansas ca mp ai g ns b e i ng ,

commi ssi oneda b ri gad ie r ge ne ral i nthe Co nf ed

-
e rate se rv

i ce o uthe stho f N o ve mb er 1 86 2 , Whe n Banks b e ga n

.

hi s R edri ve r campai gn i n 1 86 4, Parso ns was se nt to re i n

f orce the army u nder D i ck T aylor H e reache dM a ns
.

fi e ldj u st at th e close o f that b ri lli ant vi ctory ando n the

next d a
y co mmand e dth e d ivi sio n o f M i sso uri i nfantr y a t
the b attle o f Ple asant H i ll, A p ril 9th losi ng 3 3 killedand
,

3 88 w ou nd ed Upo n th
. e re tre at o f Banks Ge n K i r b y , .

S mi th d e tache dParso n s co mmandw i thother troo p s and

’

marche d agai nst Ste e le i n A rkansas H e enco u . nte re d

that ge neral a t M arks M i ll andagai n at J enki ns Fe rry,
' ’

f o rci ng hi m to b eat a re treat b ack to Li ttle R ock In .

thi s d ou b le campai gn i n whi ch the Co nf ede rate s t e

,

co ve re dlarge p arts o f Lo u i siana and Arkansas Parso ns '

,

co mmand ad ded ne w f ame to that alr e ady acq ui re d .

Parso ns was w i th Ge ne ral Pri ce i n hi s last gre at march

thro u gh A rkansas and M i sso u ri and sh are d i n all the

marches ha rdshi ps and b attle s o f that tryi ng camp

, a i gn .

A t the close o f the war Ge ne ral Parso ns we nt to Me xi c o

j
and o i ned th e re pub li can f o rces i n the i r war agai nst
M axi mi li an H e was ki lle d i n an e ngage me nt wi th the
.

i mpe ri al f orms at Camargo , M e xi co , o n the 1 7th o f

Au gust, 1 865 .

M aj or Ge neral Sterli ng Pri ce ,

- d lovi ngly b y hi s
calle
"
so ldi ers O ldPap was b o rn i n Pri nce E d
,
wardcounty ,

Va on the 1 4th o f Se ptemb e r 1 809

, H i s early edu
, ca.

ti on w as acqui re d i n the schoo ls o f hi s nati ve county ,

 C ON F ED E R A TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

whe re he was pre pare d fo r H a m pde n - S i dne y co lle g e .

A fte r co m ple ti ng the u su al co urse i n tha t i nsti tuti o n he

re turne d to hi s h o me andb eca me a de ut

p y i n the cle rk s
'

o fi i ce.A t the age o f 1 1 he e mi gr a te d to M i sso u ri , whe n

the ci ty o f St Lo u is was li ttle mo re tha n a de po t f o r the
.

I ndi a n trade , and w he n the po pula ti o n o f the S ta te was

ve ry sca tte ri ng H e made hi s ho m e i n C ha ri to n co u
. nty
a ndso o n af ter re ce i vedan ap po i ntm e nt as b ri gadi e r ge n -

e ral i n the Sta te mi li ti a F ro m hi s e arli e st manho o d,

.

G e ne ral Pri ce was a D e mocra t a nd i n 1 8 3 6 was e le cte d

a s su ch to th e gene ral asse mb ly o f M i sso uri . H e was
ag ai n e lec te d a re p rese nta ti ve i n 1 8 4 0 a nd 1 84 : a nd a t
e ach sessi o n w as chose n spe ake r o f the ho use I n 1 844
.

he was e le c te dto Co ngress and se rve d until the o pe ni ng

o f th e w ar w i th M exi co , w he n he r a i se d a re gi me nt and
had an i nd ep end e nt co mma nd i n N e w M e x i co and
C hihu ahu a . H e gai ned vi cto ri e s o ve r g re a tly sup e ri o r

f ce s at C ancad
o r a, L amb nd o a a nd T ao s . I n th i s la tte r

b at tl e wi t 3
h 00 m e n he cap tu r e d p r i so n e r
sa d‘e r
P ot .

these se r vi ce s Presi d i n e d hi m a b ng
e nt Po lk a p p t
’

o .

h u h u t S n t a C u
ge ne ral . M o vi ng nex t agai nst C h i a a ,
a a
r
z

a l T ri e s .
de R osale s, he captu red th e arm y f G n
o e e r
h
do ub le hi s o wn Thi s was re ally th e l a s t b a t tl e O f t e

d
.

war ; f or a treaty o f peace b e twe e n the U n i t e d S t a t e s a n

A h
M e x i co had b e en si gned a sho rt ti m e b e f o re .t t e

ne x t State e le cti o n Ge neral Pri c e was e le c t e d g o v e rno r

U p n “1
o f M isso u j
ri b y a ma o ri ty o f o u ;
v o t es

am L i nco ln as i d n t M i sso
e lec ti o n o f A b rah p f O S e a

d d e nt
hi chPri ce was e p i
c a lle da co nve nti o n o f w l e c t e r e s

d h e fi rs
H e was a t the ti me an ard e nt U ni o n m a ,
:
n “ I a t t

the re w as no t a se ce ssi onist i n tha t b o dy

B u t w h en I

d p u su
was e vi de nt that Pmsi dent Li nco ln i nte nd t o r e a
e

w m ed
c o e rci ve p o li cy, th e M i sso u ri S ta te G u a r d as f o r .

G l P ri ce
wi th Sterli ng Pri ce as ma o r g l “ ra
j n
?
e e ra
u
-

°f M m u b t -

sh
t
s ti ll atte mp te d to prese rve th p u
e a ce
e
so n
d
when Ge ne ral L yon capture d C a mp j ac k
I ?
“e a nd
ri ly’ as
the b loodo f the M isso u ri ans u n n e c e s s a
 CON F E D E RA TE M ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y.

many o ther of the be st peo pl e of the State tho ug t, the

h

a n ce The mi li tary e ve nts w hi ch follo w e d have b ee n

.

narrate d andthe part of Ge n eral Pri ce full y to ld Co uld

,
.

Pri ce hav e secu re d th e su ppo r t an d cc o pera ti on th a t h e-

desi re d he w o uld pro b ab ly have save d M i sso uri to the

,

Co nfe d e racy n o tw i thstandi n g the stro n g U n i on se n ti

,

me n t tha t prevai l e d thro ugho ut the no rthe rn andeaste rn

se cti o ns o f th e Sta te The b attl e o f E l kho rn T avern or
.

Pea Ri dge i n N o rth Arkan sas was rea ll y wo n b y Pri ce

, ,

and h i s M i sso u ri an s b u t Van D am di sco u

,
ragedb y th,
e

de ath of McCulloch and M cIntosh and the conse q ue n t

co n fu si o n i n th e w i n g command ed b y them and mi s ,

takenly thi nki n g the e n e my s f orce grea tl y su

'
pe ri or to
hi s o wn gave upthe vi ctory i n his graspandre treate d
,
.

Ge n eral Van D o rn i n hi s rep Du ri n g th e wh

“
ort says : ole

of th i s e n gage me n t I was w i th the M i ssou ri ans u nd e r

Pri ce andI have n e v e r se e n be tte r fighters than these
,

Mi sso uri troo p s or more gallant l ead

, ers th a n Pri ce and

hi s o fi ce rs Fro m the first to the last sho t the y conti n

.

ually rushe d on a ndn e ve r yi e lde d an i n ch they had

,

wo n; andwhe n at l ast they re cei ve d orde rs to fall back ,

the y re ti re d stea di l y and w i th chee rs Ge n eral Pri ce .

re ce i ve d a se v e re w o u nd in the acti o n b ut would ne i the r ,

re ti re fro m th e fie ld no r cease to e x p o se h i s li fe to d an
"
g e r. Af te r t h e battl e o f Elkho rn Pri ce rece i ve d hi s ,

co mmi ssi on as maj or ge n eral i n th -

e Co nf e d er ate army ,

date d the day be fore that battl e Sho rtl y afte r the b at .

tle o f Sh i l oh Ge n e ral Pri ce wi thhi s M i sso u

,
ri ans aeco m

pani e dVan D am to the e ast o f the M i ssi ssi ppi andaf te r ,

B ragg had d e p arte d f o r K e n tu ck y th e y w e re l e ft to fa ce

greatl y su pe ri o r n umbe rs unde r Grant andR ose cran s .

A t Iuka and Co ri n th he and hi s me n fo ught wi thgreat

valor The ye ar 1 863 fo u
. nd Pri ce agai n i n the Tran s
Mi ssi ssi p p i B u t h
. e w as a l w a ys u nd e r t he o rd e rs o f

o th e rs so me o f wh
, o m w e re i n fe ri or to h i mse l f i n abi li ty .

A t H e l e na on J ul y 4 1 863 Pri ce s me n w e r e the o nl y

'
, , ,
 C ON F E D ERA TE AI ILI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the army that d h e e ne m

carri e w ’
p art of t y s ork s H e .

cc o p
-
erate d wi th K i rby Smi thi n the camp ai gn agai nst

B an k s and Ste e l e i n 1 86 4 Ge n e ral Pri ce mad e hi s l as t

.

despe rate e fi o rt to reco ve r M i sso uri i n the l atte r part o f

’

1 86 4 . H i s ca mp ai gn w as mark e d b y bri ll i an t ach i e ve

me n ts b ut at last whe n wi thi n a sho rt di stan ce o f K an
, ,

sas Ci ty h e w
,
as co n fro n te d b y o ve rwh e l mi n
g n u m b e rs

o f th e e n e my and fo rce d to re tre at A t the cl ose o f the

.

war he was i n cl ude d i n Ki rby Smi ths surre nde r b ut ’

p re fe rri n g e xi l e to s u b m i ssi on h e l e ft th e co u n try and

fo und re fuge in M e xi co There he e n gage d i n a sche me
.

o f co l o n i z a ti o n u nder the i mpe ri al go ve rn me nt b ut i t ,

p ro v e d a v e ry u n sa ti s fac to r y e n te rp ri se H e re tu rn e d to .

the U ni te d State s and di e d at St Lo u is Mo o n th

. e , .
,

2 9t ho f Se ptemb e r, 1 86 7 .

B ri gadi er-Ge n eral J oseph0 She l by was b o rn at Le x .

i ngto n K y i n 1 83 1 , o f a f ami l y p
, .
,
ro mi n e n t i n th e e a rl y

hi sto ry o f K e n tuck y and T e nn e sse e and wi th a mi l i tary ,

reco rd e x te n d i n g b ack to K i n g s M o un tai n H i s e d uca

'
.

ti o n w as rece i v e d i n th e sch oo l s o f hi s n ati v e State At .

the age o f 1 9 he re mo ve d to L afaye tte co u n ty M o , .

,

whe re b y i nd ustry and thrif t he be came the o wn e r o f a

ro p e factory anda p lan te r
,
H e was rap id l y accumulat
.

i ng a fortu n e whe n he was ledto take an acti ve part i n

the Kansas bord er tro u b l es si di ng wi th the So uthern ,

W he n th e ci vi l w ar co mme n ce d h e l e ft e ve ry
p yart .

thi ng to o rgani ze a comp an y o f ca val ry w h i chmarche d at

o n ce to I nde p e nd e nce Mo Wi th the m he fo ught a t
,
.

B oo n e vi ll e and cap tu red the ste ame r Su nshi n e So o n .

i s he j o i n e d Ge n e ral Pri ce s army i n the w estern

'
after th

p art of th e S t at e F ro m . th i s t i me f o rw ard Ge n e ral

S he l by w as acti v e l y e n gage d i n e ve ry camp ai gn o f th e

war, w est o f the M i ssissi ppi H e was o ne o f the most .

dari ng o f all the l eade rs i n that part o f the ge n e ral fie ld

o f co n fl i ct and w as e v e r re ad y f o r th e mo st hazard ou s

e n te rpri se H e co mmand e d hi s co mp
. an y d i smo u n te d i n
 CON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TOR Y .

the de fe nse o f Co ri nth andi n J une 1 8 6 3 , was co mmi s

, ,

si o ne d co lo ne l w i th i nstru cti o ns to findh i s regi me nt i n

M i sso uri G o i ng wi thhi s co mpany to D e vall s Blu ff he
’
.

soo n le dth e ad vance i n a rai di nto M i ssou r i andrecrui te d

hi s re gi me nt i n Laf aye tte co unty I n J anu . ary i s6 3 he, ,

was co mmandi ng a b ri gade i ncludi ng hi s o wn andthre e

o th e r M isso u ri re gi me nts a ndo n th ,e 1 3 th o f th e fo llo w

ing D e ce mb e r he rece i ved the co mmi ssi on o f bri gadi e r

ge ne ral . A t the b attle o f Pe a R i d ge he esp eci ally d is
ti ngu i she d hi mse lf as also a t N e wto ni a Cane Hill a nd
, .

Prai ri e Gro ve H e co mmand

. ed a d i vi si on i n th e C ap e

G i rard e au e xp ed i tio n andi n the attack o n H ele na was

,

se ve re ly w ou nde d H e was e sp
. e ci ally famo u s as rai der ,

so me o f th e mos t i mp o rta nt e xp ed i ti o ns b e i ng i ntru ste d

to hi m b y G e ne ral Pri ce On Se p . temb e r r 6 1 864, G e n ,

e ral M agru de r co mmandi ng the di stri ct o f Arkansas

, ,

i ssue d a co ngratu la to ry o rd e r in w hi ch he sai d: T he

maj o r ge ne ral co mmandi ng thi s d
-
i stri ct annou nces wi th
pri de to the troo ps o ne o f the mo st gallant e xploi ts and
su ccessfu l e xp edi ti o ns o f the w ar : th e cap tu re o f fi ve

fo rts b y the he ro i c She lb y andhi s b rave o ffi ce rs andm e n

i n the f ace o f sup e ri o r nu mb e rs andthe de structi o n o f a
large po rtio n o f the rai lro ad b e tw e en Li ttle R o ck and
"
D e vall s Blufi H e the n gi ve s She lb y s re p o rt i n f u
' '
. ll .

We quo te a part o f i t: The i mmedi ate and tangi b le

frui ts o f my e xpe diti on are 5 7 7 pri so ne rs i nclu ding o ne
fi e ld o fl i ccr and e leve n li ne o fl i ce rs ; ove r 3 5 0 F ede rals
kille d and wo unde d te n mi les o f rai lroad track co m
,

ple tely de stro ye d b ale s o f hay co nsu me db y

fire ; s o hay ma chi nes cho pp e dto p i e ces ; five f o rts raz e d
to the gro u nd; so o stando f small arms d i stri b utedto my
unarme d me n: many fine ho rse s capture d; twe lve b ar
re ls o f salt b ro u ght o ff andgi ve n to a co mmandsu ff e ri ng
f o r i t, b e si des sup plyi ng nee dy soldi ers wi th b lanke ts ,

sh oes , b oo ts hats and clo thi ng

, My de tails were
.

te ari ng up the track w hi le the e ne my s b ulle ts fire d a t

'
 hi m were G e n Sterli ng Pri ce , G e ne ral M cC a usla ndo f
.

V i rgi ni a andGe ne ral L on o f K e ntuck In 1 8 6 7 Ge n

y y .

eral Sh e lb
y re tu rne dto the U ni te d S ta te s a ndto hi s f arm
i n M i sso u ri . H e was to the las t tho ro ug hly S o uthern i n
se ntime nt and re mained i n re ti re m e nt m o s t o f the ti me
,

af te r th e w ar . In1 893 he was a ppo i nte db y Pre si de nt

Cle ve land marshal f or the we s te rn di stri c t o f M i s c

so u ri . an o ffi ce h -
e he ldu nti l hi s de a th D uri ng the g re a t
.

rai lro adstri ke o f tha t ear he m d hi s d u i es w i th

y p e r f o r e t
the same f e arle ssness that he had sho wn du r i ng hi s m i l .

i tary care er . Ge neral She lb y i n pri vate li f e co m mande d

the lo ve and e stee m o f h i s nei g hb o rs H i s pre s e nce at
.

the annu al Co nf e d e ra te re u ni o ns always a ro use d the

gre ate st enthu si asm o f th e oldve te ran , s a n d n o n e w i ll b e

mo re sadly m i sse dat the se e a rl a t h e ri ng s tha n

y yg
0 S he lby, the
.

g alla nt we ste rn m i li ta r y l e a d e r . H IS

de a th o ccurre d at hi s ce nt r ho m e ne ar A dri a fl. M o ,
u .

y
F e b ru a ry 1
3, 1 8 97 .

Ma j or
-
Ge nera l J o hn G . W a lk e r was b o rn i n C o le
 C ON F E D E RA TE M I LI TA R Y H I S TO R Y .

co un ty M o , J ul y 3 3 1 82 3
, . He w ,
as e d u
. cate d at th e

J esui t co ll e ge St Lo ui s, and i n 1 843 was commi ssi one d

,
.

as a li e u te na n t i n the F i rst moun te d ri fl e s, U ni te dStates

army H e serve d i n the M e xi can war as eap tai n and

ggl e was re tai n ed as an e m

.
,

afte r th e cl ose o f th at stru eer

i n the re gu lar army H e resi gne d hi s commi ssi o n i n

.

1 86 1 to tak e p art wi th th e p eo p le of the So uthi n the i r

stru ggl e f or se p arate i nde p e nd e n ce H e was at o n ce.

mad e maj o r o f cav alry i n the re gular army o f the Co n

fe d erate States hi s co mmi ssi o n be i ng datedfro m M arch
,

1 6 1 86 1
,
H e soo nb e came li e ute n an t co l o n e l, the n co l o n e l
.
-

and i n Sep tembe r 1 86 1 , w as ,

assi gn e d to co mmand
o f a bri gad e i n V i rgini a, co mp ri si n g th e Fi rst A rkansa s ,

Seco nd Te nn essee, andTwe lfth N orthCaro li n a i nfan try .

N o t l o ng afte rw ard he was pro mo te d to b ri gad i e r ge n -

e ral H e serve d u
. nder Ge n e ral H o lmes in the A qui a dis
tri ct andthe d e p artme n t o f N orth Caro li na Whe n Lee .

marche d agai nst Pope , he was place d in charge o f a di vi

si on and l e ft wi th th ree o th er d i vi si o n command e rs ,

R H A nd e rso n , Laf aye tte M cL aw

. . s and D H H i l l to . .
,

watch McClellan s mo ve me n ts i n the n e ighborhoo d of

’

Westo ve r A s soo n as i t was certai n that the who l e F ed

.

eral army h adbe e n wi thdraw n to th e d e fe nse o f Wash i ng

to n Ci ty, these three di vi si o ns re j oi ne d the army of
N o rthe rn V i rgi nia f or the i n vasi o n o f Maryland .

Wal k er ledhi s di vi si o n to the suppo rt o f J ackso n at H ar

p e r s F
’
e r r y a n d w
, as d i re ct e d t o se i z e L o u d o u n H e i ghts .

Thi s he d id and af te r th e su rre nd er o f H arp e r s F e rry

’
,

marche d wi ththe o the r di vi si o n s of J ackson s co mmand '

to Sharp sbu rg I n the op

. e n i n g o f th e gre at b attl e o f

Se p te mb er 1 7 , 1 86 3 hi s d i vi si o n was first on the ri ght

, ,

bu tw as so o n se n t to th e su ppo rt o f J ackso n O n the m y .

b e i n g ask e d f or he l p b y Ge n D H H i ll, Walk er se n t . . .

hi m the Tw e n ty se venth N orth Caro l i n a andthe Thi rd

-

A rkan sas and hu , rri e d o n wi thth e rest o f h i s force and ,

q u i ck l y f o rm i n g o n H oo d s l e ft, made sure Co nf e derate

’

vi ctory i n that p art of th e field He w as p . ro mote dto

 C O N FE D E RA TE M I L I TA R Y
H I S TO R Y .

ma jo r ge ne ral N o ve mb er 8 1 8 6 1 and
was no w ca lled
-
,

upo n to b i d farewe ll to the arm o f N o r h

,

y t e rn V i rgi ni a
and go to a ne wfi eldi n the
,
T ra ns M i ssi ssi p p i whe re he -

to o k co mma ndof the Texas d

,

y W alk e r
i vi si o n o f i nf antr
hadno t b e e n lo ng w
.

i thhis ne w tro o s b e f o r e he p b ro ug ht

Spe aki ng u ul b a ttle f o ug ht o n the 3 d o f N o

o f a s ccessf .

ve mb e r at B o u rb ea u , L a , i n whi c h thre e re g i m e nts f ro m

Walker s di vi sion we re en a e d T a lo r a ai n co mm e nts
’

g g , y g
up on the ad mirab le conduc t o f W a lke r s m e n i n ’

acti o n H is d
“
.
i vi si on i n the R e d ri ve r ca mpa i g n m ai n
tai ne d i ts sple ndi d re co rd i n the b a ttle s a a i nst B ank s
g
andSte e le In J u ne 1 86 4 he wa s assi gne d to c o m m a nd
.
, ,

the d i stri ct o f We st Lo u i si ana , s ucc e e d i ng G e n R i cha rd .

Taylo r, a nd su b se q uently he was until M arc h 3 x 1 86 5 , .

i n co mmando f the d i stri c t o f T ex as N e w M e x i co and ,

A ri zo na, andat H o u sto n on the 3 7 th i nd i gnantly re f use d
the te rms o f su rre nd e r o ff e re d b
y G e n L e w W a llac e a t .

Poi nt I sab e l, d eclari ng th at he wo u ldno t b a se ly yi e ld

“

all that w e ha ve b e e n fi ghti n f d u i n t h e la st fo u r

g o r r g
ye ars name ly nati o nali ty and the ri ghts o f se lf 8 0 V“
me nt "
,

.
,

H i s co mmand at thi s ti me i nclude d S te e le 8

?
Tex as d i vis i on o f cavalry, B e e s T e xas di vi s i o n o f ca v
’

d
-
alry Co o e r s d i s on o f
'
p i v i i n f In d i n B b i v ’
, s o o a s a g y s ,
i ad
Te x as and L o u i si ana ca valry a nd Sla ug hte r s b ng
’

Afte r the war Ge neral Walk e r se rve d a s e o nsul g e ne r i

,
- Z
at B o o ta andas s e c al co mmi ssi o ne r to i nvi te the So th
-

p i
:
‘

g ,

Ame ri can re ub li cs to the Pa n A me ri can 00 11 3 u

p
21 1
-

wo n the co mpli me ntary menti o n o f Se cre tary 1 1 1 .

He di edat Washington J uly ,

i s9 3

M0 1 5

9 8 H