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SOLDADURA

CARRERA DE ESPECIALIZACION EN INGENIERIA


ESTRUCTURAL

UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA NACIONAL


FACULTAD REGIONAL HAEDO
GRUPO de INVESTIGACION MECANICA DE LA FRACTURA (GIMF)
METALURGIA
DE LA SOLDADURA
TERMINOLOGY
 Carbon Steel - Alloy of iron and carbon
 Low carbon steel - Up to .15% carbon
 Mild carbon steel - .15% to .29% carbon
 Medium carbon steel - .30% to .59% carbon
 High carbon steel - .60% to 1.7% carbon
 Mild Steel - Same as above
 Low Alloy Steel - 1-1/2% to 5% alloy content
 High Alloy Steel - Contains more than 10% alloy

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TERMINOLOGY

 Ferrous - Contains some iron


 Non-Ferrous - No iron content, ex. (Al and Cu)
 Preheat - Heating of part before welding – Slows
weld metal cooling rate
 Interpass Temperature - The temperature range held
during welding - (minimum and maximum)
 As Welded - (AW) - No postweld heat treatment

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TERMINOLOGY

 Postweld Heat Treatment - Heating the part after


welding
 Stress Relieved - (SR) - Heated to a specific
temperature and time after welding, ex. (11500 F for 1
hr./in.)
 Deoxidizers - Elements that have an affinity for
oxygen - Helps to clean and purify weld metal
 Flux - Cleans the weld metal - Floats impurities to
the surface in the form of slag

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ALLOYING ELEMENTS
 Carbon (C) - Increases strength and hardness
 Manganese (Mn) - Deoxidizer; also increases
strength and
hardness
 Silicon (Si) - Deoxidizer and increases puddle
fluidity
 Aluminum (Al) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner
 Titanium (Ti) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner
 Zirconium (Zr) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner

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ALLOYING ELEMENTS
 Molybdenum (Mo) - Increases strength and depth
of hardening
 Chromium (Cr) - Increases corrosion resistance
and hardening
 Nickel (Ni) - Increases toughness and corrosion
resistance
 Copper (Cu) - Improves corrosion resistance
 Sulfur (S) - Causes brittleness but improves
machinability
 Phosphorus (P) - Greatly reduces ductility
and toughness

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WELDABILITY
 Weld metal soundness
• Porosity free welds
• Deoxidizer level - Mn, Si, Al, Ti, and Zr
 Weld puddle fluidity, bead shape, and edge
wetting
• Mn and Si increase puddle fluidity
• Al, Ti, and Zr make the puddle sluggish
 Spatter tendency
• Alloying ingredients affect spatter
• Shielding gas selection - Ar vs. CO2
• Optimize welding parameters to minimize spatter

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
 Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
• The maximum stress the weldment withstood without
breaking - (psi)
 Yield Strength (YTS)
• The stress point where permanent deformation occurs -
(psi)
 Charpy V-Notch Impact Test - (CVN)
• Measures energy required to break specimen - (ft.-lbs.)
 Tested at a specific temperature ( 0F)
 Will always appear as (ft.-lbs. ; 0F)

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MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical Properties
Impact Toughness

Energy
in ft/lbs
Fractures Cracks Deforms

Charpy V-Notch
Specimen

Charpy Impact Test Machine

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TENSILE TESTING EQUIPMENT

Stress/Strain Recorder

Specimen Holders

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IMPACT TESTING EQUIPMENT

Recorder

Specimen Mount Cryogenic Holding Chamber

Swinging Pendulum
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MECHANICAL TEST SPECIMENS
BEND
TEST
TENSILE
TEST

CHARPY TEST
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