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5/11/2020 GIMF 3
TERMINOLOGY
5/11/2020 GIMF 4
TERMINOLOGY
5/11/2020 GIMF 5
ALLOYING ELEMENTS
Carbon (C) - Increases strength and hardness
Manganese (Mn) - Deoxidizer; also increases
strength and
hardness
Silicon (Si) - Deoxidizer and increases puddle
fluidity
Aluminum (Al) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner
Titanium (Ti) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner
Zirconium (Zr) - Deoxidizer and grain refiner
5/11/2020 GIMF 6
ALLOYING ELEMENTS
Molybdenum (Mo) - Increases strength and depth
of hardening
Chromium (Cr) - Increases corrosion resistance
and hardening
Nickel (Ni) - Increases toughness and corrosion
resistance
Copper (Cu) - Improves corrosion resistance
Sulfur (S) - Causes brittleness but improves
machinability
Phosphorus (P) - Greatly reduces ductility
and toughness
5/11/2020 GIMF 7
WELDABILITY
Weld metal soundness
• Porosity free welds
• Deoxidizer level - Mn, Si, Al, Ti, and Zr
Weld puddle fluidity, bead shape, and edge
wetting
• Mn and Si increase puddle fluidity
• Al, Ti, and Zr make the puddle sluggish
Spatter tendency
• Alloying ingredients affect spatter
• Shielding gas selection - Ar vs. CO2
• Optimize welding parameters to minimize spatter
5/11/2020 GIMF 8
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS)
• The maximum stress the weldment withstood without
breaking - (psi)
Yield Strength (YTS)
• The stress point where permanent deformation occurs -
(psi)
Charpy V-Notch Impact Test - (CVN)
• Measures energy required to break specimen - (ft.-lbs.)
Tested at a specific temperature ( 0F)
Will always appear as (ft.-lbs. ; 0F)
5/11/2020 GIMF 9
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical Properties
Impact Toughness
Energy
in ft/lbs
Fractures Cracks Deforms
Charpy V-Notch
Specimen
5/11/2020 GIMF 10
TENSILE TESTING EQUIPMENT
Stress/Strain Recorder
Specimen Holders
5/11/2020 GIMF 11
IMPACT TESTING EQUIPMENT
Recorder
Swinging Pendulum
5/11/2020 GIMF 12
MECHANICAL TEST SPECIMENS
BEND
TEST
TENSILE
TEST
CHARPY TEST
5/11/2020 GIMF 13