SAFETY ENGINEERING &

MANAGEMENT
Sritomo W.Soebroto
Laboratorium Ergonomi & Perancangan Sistem Kerja
Jurusan Teknik Industri - Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 1
Jadwal Perkuliahan :
Minggu Topik

1 Introduksi : Overview Ergo Safety, Outline Perkuliahan, dll

2 Safety Engineering & Management
3 Teori Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kerja I (Domino Theory), case study.
4 Teori Terjadinya Kecelakaan Kerja II (Human Factor Theory, BBS)
5 Identifikasi Hazard dan Penilaian Risiko (Job Hazard & Safety Analysis)
6 Statistik Kecelakaan Kerja (FR, SR, STS, dll) dan Pelaporan K3
7 Manajemen K3 di Lingkungan Kerja (SMK3 dan OHSAS 18000)
8 Evaluasi Belajar Tengah Semester
9 Ergo Safety Assesment
10 Safety Tool Analysis : Qualitative & Quantitative Methods
11 Studi Kasus K3 di Industri I (Kuliah Tamu atau Kunjungan Industri)
12 Paradigma Baru tentang K3 & Lingkungan Industri
13 Studi Kasus K3 di Industri II (Mining, Jasa Konstruksi, Office, dll)
14 Studi Kasus K3 di Industri III (review paper/journal ttg Safety)
15 Presentasi Tugas Besar
16 Evaluasi Belajar Akhir Semester

Sritomo W.Soebroto Introduction to Ergo-Safety 2

 doctors gun - owners

which one more dangerous

STATISTICS SHOW ….
700,000 doctors in the US kill 44,000 to 98,000
people each year ... 80,000,000 gun - owners kill
1,500 people by mistake

Doctors are 7,500 times more likely to kill by

mistake than gun - owners.
Sritomo W.Soebroto [Dekker, 2007]
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 3
 doctors engineers

which one more

dangerous

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 4

 STATISTICS SHOW :
Hasil penelitian yang
dilakukan International Civil
Aviation Organization
(ICAO) 2007 mengungkap
kan bahwa 80 - 90 persen
kecelakaan pesawat me
rupakan kontribusi kesalah
an manusia (human
factor), sisanya faktor teknis
Sritomo W.Soebroto
(unsafe conditions). manaje
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 5

men dan alam.

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 6
 Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions

80-90% of all incidents are the result of unsafe

acts;

10-20% of all incidents are the result of unsafe

conditions.

Question: If true, why are most efforts geared

towards unsafe conditions?

Answer: It’s easier to deal with unsafe conditions

than unsafe acts.

Safety is about people, and

behavior is the challenge.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 7
In the Beginning ...
 ... low sensitivity to Consequences or
the Likelihood of them!

8
More Recently ...
The Hoover Dam:
112 people died
during construction

Attitudes to Hazards
and Risks are
constantly evolving
9
 Trends in Occupational Safety
5

4
Incidents per 200,000 work hours

API
Bayer
BP
3 Chevron Texaco
Concawe
ConocoPhillips
2 Dow
DuPont
ExxonMobil
OMV
1
Shell
Trend Line

0
93

95

97

99

01

03

05
19

19

19

19

20

20

20
10
Unrevealed Safety Issues

Despite improving HSE Performance indicators, the

Texas City refinery suffered a major event in May 2005
… and a second event two months later …

OSHA Recordable Incident Frequency (RIF)

Texas City refinery: From 1.73 (1999) to 0.64 (2004)
API US refining average: 0.84 (2004)
BP Global : 0.53 (2004)
Occupational safety data can give misleading
indications
11
of ‘design’ or ‘process’ safety performance
 Texas City Refinery

12
 Safety engineering is an engineering discipline
which assures that engineered systems provide
acceptable levels of safety. It is strongly related to
systems engineering, industrial engineering and the
subset system safety engineering. Safety
engineering assures that a life-critical system
behaves as needed, even when components fail.
 Safety management system (SMS) is a term
used to refer to a comprehensive business
management system designed to manage safety
elements in the workplace.
Sritomo
13 W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management
Engineering as Definition

Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of

the mathematical and natural sciences gained by
study, experience and practice is applied with
judgement to develop ways to utilize, economically,
the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of
mankind
(Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology - ABET, 2000)

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 14

 Engineers are …..?

 responsible to demonstrate the ethic-

based, multi - disciplinary nature of
engineering, and to bring visibility to the
contributions of engineers to our society
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 15
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 16
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019

17
 Profesional Engineer
Competency
ATTITUDE
• ethics
• responsibility
• liability
• accountability
• integrity

SKILL
KNOWLEDGE (Hard & Soft)
• specific technical issues • technical skill
• specific legal & practice issues • organizational skill
• safety & environmental issues • communication & interpersonal skill
• social-culture & economic issues • quality awareness
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & •Management
Management & business skill 18
Apakah Etika Profesi Keinsinyuran
(Engineering Ethics) ?
 Engineering ethics ? “The study of the moral issues and
decisions confronting individuals and organizations
involved in engineering “.
 Teknologi dan proyek (inovasi) engineering harus mampu
menjawab 2 (dua) pertanyaan mendasar (a) apakah karya
keinsinyuran tersebut sudah mengindahkan nilai-nilai
(moral dan norma) kemanusiaan ataukah justru mengabai
kannya; dan (b) penerapan hasil karya keinsinyuran ter-
sebut sebenarnya untuk apa, untuk siapa dan bagaimana
cara pengoperasian serta penanggulangan terhadap ke-
mungkinan terjadinya dampak (negatif) yang ditimbulkan
nya.
 Engineering ethics is preventive ethics (think scientifically
and think ethically) ?
Sritomo W.Soebroto 19
 Standards of Engineering Practice

 Environmental constraints: Is the person aware

of the environmental standards that have to be
addressed for engineering applications and
technology?
 Technical standards: Is the person familiar with
the regulations, code of practice and standards
imposed on technical procedures?
 Code of ethics : Does the person abide by the
standards and codes set by the Institution of
Engineers? Is the person aware of his or her
professional and ethical responsibilities to the
community as an engineer?

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 20

Code of Ethics of Engineers
(ABET Engineering Criteria, 2000)
 The Fundamental Principles
Engineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the
engineering profession by :
1. Using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare
2. Being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their employers and
clients.
 3. Striving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering profession; and
4. Supporting the professional and technical societies of their disciplines
 The Fundamental Canons
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public in the
performance of their professional duties
2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence
3. Engineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner
4. Engineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or clients as faithful
agents or trustees and shall avoid conflicts of interests
5. Engineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their services and
shall not compete unfairly with others
6. Engineers shall act in such manner as to uphold and enhance the honor, integrity and
dignity of the profession
7. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers and
shall provide opportunities for the professional development of those engineers under
their supervision
Sritomo W.Soebroto 21
 Kode Etik Insinyur Indonesia
“ Catur Karsa Sapta Dharma Insinyur Indonesia “

Pertama, Prinsip-Prinsip Dasar :

• Mengutamakan keluhuran budi
• Menggunakan pengetahuan dan kemampuannya untuk kepentingan kesejahteraan umat manusia
• Bekerja secara sungguh-sungguh untuk kepentingan masyarakat, sesuai dengan tugas dan tanggung-
jawabnya
• Meningkatkan kompetensi dan martabat berdasarkan keahlian profesi keinsinyuran

Kedua, Tujuh Tuntunan Sikap :

• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa mengutamakan keselamatan, kesehatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat
• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa bekerja sesuai dengan kompetensinya
• Insinyur Indonesia hanya menyatakan pendapat yang dapat dipertanggung-jawabkan
• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa menghindari terjadinya pertentangan kepentingan dalam tanggung
jawab tugasnya
• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa membangun reputasi profesi berdasarkan kemampuan masing-masing
• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa memegang teguh kehormatan, integritas dan martabat profesi
• Insinyur Indonesia senantiasa mengembangkan kemampuan profesionalnya

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 22

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 23
Euthanasia lingers in ethical gray
area (daily trojan)
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 24
Sritomo W.Soebroto
 Moral Dilemma
 The hijacked plane with 200 people
is approaching a building with 50,000
people
 Vote! Will you shoot down the
plane?
 A true moral dilemma

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 25

 Beberapa Tipikal Umum
Pelanggaran Kode Etik Profesi
 Konflik kepentingan -
besarnya nilai sebuah “cindera
mata” (hadiah) masih dalam
batas-batas kewajaran dan tidak
melanggar etika profesi.
 Kerahasiaan & loyalitas –
komitmen yang jelas terhadap
segala informasi yang berstatus
konfidensial baik yang
menyangkut hak client maupun
milik perusahaan.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 26
 Beberapa Tipikal Umum
Pelanggaran Kode Etik Profesi
 Kontribusi (dana) balik - pemotongan
sebagian dana yang harus dikembalikan
kepada pemilik proyek (pemberi order)
 Whistleblowing - kemauan yang
didasarkan pada kesadaran dan
keberanian dari sesama profesi untuk
“meniup peluit” terhadap setiap
pelanggaran (kode) etik profesi dan tidak
begitu saja mau menutup persoalan
pelanggaran etika profesi hanya sekedar
untuk melindungi kehormatan dan masa
depan rekan sesama profesi maupun citra,
kehormatan, kredibilitas organisasi profesi
itu sendiri.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 27
 KASUS KODE ETIK

 A dan B bersahabat sejak kuliah, keduanya

sangat menjunjung tinggi etika dan kejujuran,
dan keduanya masih sering kumpul-kumpul
seperti karaoke dan ngopi bersama.
 A punya perusahaan kontraktor ,dan
 B bekerja di perusahaan konsultan.
 A memenangkan proyek yang ditangani oleh B.
 Apakah A dan B tidak boleh lagi karaoke dan
ngopi bersama sampai proyek selesai ?

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 28

28
Engineering Activities as
a “Business Project”
 Didalam menerapkan kepakaran dan keahliannya, seorang
insinyur acapkali terlibat dalam persoalan-persoalan
bisnis yang lebih mengedepankan aspek komersial yang
mengarah pada pencapaian “profit” yang sebesar-
besarnya
 Seorang insinyur sering berhadapan dengan dilema etika
dilihat dari aspek individu manusia (personal ethics) dan
aspek bisnis (business/ professional ethics)
 Sebagai sebuah profesi yang memiliki tanggung-
jawab besar bagi kemaslahatan manusia; pene-
rapan kepakaran dan keahlian insinyur haruslah
tetap mengindahkan norma, budaya, adat, moral dan
etika (profesi) yang berlaku baku.
Sritomo W.Soebroto 29
Some Case Studies in
Engineering Ethics
To do injustice is more disgraceful than to suffer it…(Plato)

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 30

 Hammurabi – Babylon’s Building Code (1758 BC)
If a builder has built a house for a man and has not
made his work sound, and the house which he has built
has fallen down and so caused the death of the
householder, that builder shall be put to death. If it
causes the death of the householder’s son, they shall
put that builder’s son to death. If it causes the death of
householder’s slave, he shall give slave for slave to the
householder.
If it destroys property he shall replace anything it has destroyed; and
because he has not made sound the house which he has built and it has
fallen down,he shall rebuild the house which has fallen down from his own
property. If a builder has built a housefor a man and does not make his
work perfect and the wall bulges, that builder shall put that wall into sound
condition at his own cost.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 31
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 32 Sritomo W.Soebroto
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 33
Roboto

Kecelakaan Kerja Proyek Infrastruktur, Anggota

DPR: Kejar Tayang
Reporter: Antara - Editor: Yudono Yanuar KOMENTAR
Rabu, 7 Februari 2018 07:46 WIB
Rangka crane double-double track rel kereta api yang ambruk di Jalan
Permata, Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur, belum dibenahi, Senin, 5 Februari
2018. Tempo/Imam Hamdi
TEMPO.CO, Jakarta - Anggota Komisi V DPR RI Nurhasan Zaidi menilai
pembangunan infrastruktur tidak seharusnya dilakukan dengan cara
kejar tayang, agar tidak menimbulkan kecelakaan kerja seperti terjadi
pada proyek LRT dan tol belum lama ini.
"Pembangunan yang serentak dan kejar tayang pasti menimbulkan
beban moral bagi siapapun termasuk penyedia jasa kontruksi," kata
Nurhasan Zaidi dalam keterangan tertulis, Selasa, 6 Februari 2018.
Menurut dia, pembangunan kejar tayang juga membuat pemerintah
harus bertanggung jawab di samping penyedia jasa kontruksi yang
harus mempertanggungjawabkan sesuai regulasi berlaku.
Untuk itu, politisi Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) itu juga
menginginkan ada ketegasan dan perhatian khusus dari pemerintah
dalam rangka mengatasi masalah itu.
Pemerintah juga diminta untuk segera melakukan investigasi secara
mendalam dan segera mengambil tindakan tegas terkait berbagai
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019
musibah yang menimba
34
pekerjaan konstruksi selama beberapa bulan
Sritomo W.Soebroto
terakhir.
 Kecelakaan di Tol Cipularang
(3 September 2019)

Cikampek-Purwakarta-Padalarang Toll Road or Cipularang Toll Road

is a toll road on Java, Indonesia. Opened on 2005, this road
connects the Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road and the Padaleunyi Toll
Road. The toll road is operated by PT Jasa Marga Tbk. The names
comes from abbreviation of
Sritomo W.Soebroto Cikampek
Etika - Purwakarta - Padalarang.
Profesi Insinyur 2019 35
 Amblesnya Jalan Raya Gubeng
(19 Desember 2018)

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 36

AMBRUKNYA JEMBATAN MULYOREJO
Surabaya, 10 Desember 2008 Jam 19.00 WIB

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 37

 Jembatan Tenggarong, Kutai,
Kalimantan Timur, 2011

Robohnya Jembatan Mahakam II Jembatan Tenggarong, Kutai

Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur, merupakan yang paling
mengheboh kan Indonesia dalam 13 tahun terakhir. Peristiwa
pada 26 November 2011 sore itu merenggut 20 jiwa puluhan
lainnya luka-luka. Kerugian, dan material akibat tenggelamnya
banyak
Sritomo W.Soebroto kendaraan
Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 bermotor.
38
BENCANA INDUSTRI
 BHOPAL GAS TRAGEDY

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 40

 Bicara NUKLIR,…… terbayang
“Kota Hantu CHERNOBYL”

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 41

 Lokasi Penambangan PTFI

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 42

Tambang Terbuka Grasberg
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 43
 Kebakaran Hutan Tropis

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 44

TPA Benowo

45 Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019

 Sampah Plastik di TPA

46 Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019

 Conclusion
 Engineering is our profession, not
just a job.
 Study of engineering ethics can
guide us in resolving the moral
dilemmas we might encounter.
 Being responsible is what a
professional is all about.
 Our goal must be to become
morally autonomous in the
performance of our duties.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 47
 Salam Insinyur

PROFESIONAL ENGINEER
HAVE THE CHALLENGE AND
OPPORTUNITY

TO BE LEADERS IN CREATING A
BETTER WORLD FOR THE FUTURE

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 48

 Design for Safety
 Iron law - if equipment is designed
appropriately for human use in the first
place, the cost may be high, but the cost is
paid only once. If inappropriate designs
must be compensated for in training…the
cost is paid everyday. With inappropriate
design … no assurances
Prevention through Design
 “Addressing occupational safety and health
needs in the design process to prevent or
minimize the work-related hazards and
risks associated with the construction,
manufacture, use, maintenance, and
disposal of facilities, materials, and
equipment.”

(NIOSH)
Design for Safety
 dfs has developed a fast, easy-to-use
tool for engineers and safety professionals
to incorporate safety through design by:
 identifying hazards
 prompting engineers to think about hazards
which they otherwise might overlook
 conducting a risk assessment for identified
hazards
 reducing risks in a structured method
 preventing accidents and reducing liability
Design for Safety ?
 what it is... ?

 an engineering tool for improving

product designs and processes
 a systematic method for conducting a
task-based safety analysis
 a technique for eliminating and
controlling hazards
Design for Safety
 what it does...
 gives designers a quick and easy tool to
evaluate safety issues through design
 permits quick assessment of engineer's change
orders to safety issues
 assists design engineers in completing a safety
analysis for their products/processes
 helps companies identify potential hazards and
provides methods for elimination
 prioritizes design activities related to risk
Design for Safety (DFS)
 Identify the hazard(s)

 Assess the Risk

 Propose design features to

eliminate the risk or reduce
it to an acceptable level

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 54

Benefits of Safety by Design
 Reduced site hazards  fewer injuries
and fatalities
 Reduced workers compensation premiums
 Increased productivity
 Fewer delays due to accidents
during construction allow
continued focus on quality
 Encourages designer -
constructor collaboration
 Safety Hazards
• Life cycle of the products
– Manufacturing
– Use
– Retirement
• Hazard: sources of danger
– Fire and explosions
– Toxic release and dispersion models
– Entrapment
– Contact (hot surface)
– Impact (machine part collide with body part)
– Ejection (dangerous debris particles)
– Entanglement (hair or loose clothing)
– Noise and vibration
– Heat or cold
– Radiation, inhaled fibers
– Bacteria, fungi, molds, insects, bites etc
What is a Hazard?
 A HAZARD is the potential
to do harm or damage

 RISK is a measure of the

probability of a hazard-
related incident occurring
and the severity of harm or
damage

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 57

Hazard Analysis
• Causal analysis
– involves identifying various cause-effect
sequences of hazardous events that may
combine to cause the identified hazards.
• Consequence analysis
– identifies the sequences of events that could
lead from a hazard to an accident or incident.
• A safety case
– relates to the assurance that
the system is relatively safe.
 Recognized Hazards -Examples
Fall Hazards 6 Feet or More1
1Photos courtesy of Washington Group International

Unprotected
Sritomo W.Soebroto edges
Safety Engineering & Management 59
Recognized Hazards
 Walking/working surfaces
- tripping, slipping

 Mechanical hazards -
Rotation, reciprocation,
shearing, vibration, pinch
points, hydraulics,
pneumatics, entanglement

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 60

Recognized Hazards
 Stored energy -
springs, pneumatics,
hydraulics, capacitors
 Electrical -
electrostatic, current,
voltage, sparks, arcs
 Chemical - corrosive,
combustion, toxic
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 61
Recognized Hazards

Biological - allergens,
carcinogens

Radiant Energy -
sound, nuclear, X-rays,
light, lasers
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 62
Guidelines for Engineering Design
for Process Safety
• Inherently Safer Plants/Plant Design
• Equipment Design
• Materials Selection
• Piping Systems
• Heat Transfer Fluid Systems/Thermal Insulation
• Process Monitoring and Control
• Sources of Ignition
• Electrical System Hazards
• Deflagration and Detonation Flame Arresters
• Pressure Relief Systems
• Effluent Disposal Systems
• Fire Protection
• Explosion Protection
Safety Hierarchy
Eliminate the hazard
Protect against the hazard
Warn against the hazard
Provide training
Provide personal
protection
 Safety Hierarchy

Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 65

Safety Design Principles

 Safe-life design principle

 Fail-safe design principle
 Redundant design principle
Basic Safety Philosophy
 All injuries can be prevented
 Management is responsible
for preventing injuries

 All operating exposures can

be prevented

 Training employees to work

safely is essential
Basic Safety Philosophy
 Prevention of personal injuries is good
business
 Safety is a ……….
SAFETY

Is a state of mind by which a

person is constantly aware of
the possibility of an incident or
accident occurring at any time
Safety Management
Safety Management
A systematic, organized process to
reducing the human and financial
costs of workplace incidents

 Moral obligation
 Financial benefits
 Legal requirements
Moral Obligation
 Quality of life

 Protection of those you employ

from illness or injury

 Good conscience
Financial Benefits
Legal Requirements
 Workers Compensation Act
 Highway Traffic Act
 Building Codes
 Fire Codes
 Criminal Code
 Workplace Safety and Health Act
 “Old and New”

The Old Way = Safety Program

The New Way = Safety Culture

A High Performing Contractor looking
to implement a safety culture will…

“…systematically pursue,
achieve, and maintain
increasingly higher levels
of company and
individual competence…”
in safety.
Safety Program vs Safety Culture

Program…
A plan outlining how the company will address
OSHA compliance issues.

Culture…
“The sum total of the way things are done in a
company. Culture includes values and beliefs.”
Management Involvement

Old Way…
Management Commitment

New Way…
Management Involvement
Management Involvement
 The first step in a safety program is the
full support and involvement of upper
management
 Establishes the corporate philosophy on
safety (Safety Culture)

 Communicates the shared interests to

workers (Team Effort)

 Ensures that “safety” is included

in the company mission statement.
 Management Involvement
Management Should Be ACCOUNTABLE for:

 Being role models (do as I do…)

 Safety inspections (at least monthly)

 Safety orientation and training

 Accident /incident investigations

 Project planning for safety issues

Management Involvement

Old Way…
Safety is No 1 priority

New Way…
Safety is an integral part of
business success
Worker Involvement

Old Way…
Reminding someone to work safely is
usually considered “getting into their
business”
New Way…
Reminding someone to work safely is
appreciated and considered normal
Worker Involvement
Safety Committee
 Allows exchange of ideas and input
at all levels
 Communication between key
personnel
 Promotes a “team” concept

 Requires management commitment

to ensure issues are addressed
Worker Involvement
Behavior-Based Safety

 Try to understand “why workers do what

they do”

 Identify and change “bad” behavior

 Reinforce good safety practice

 Talk about safety everyday

 Use of “safety observers”

Worker Involvement
Safety Perception Survey

 Creates a “feedback loop” which results

in continuous improvement in the system

 Seek information from workers

 Provides an overview of how workers feel
 Conduct monthly (or as appropriate)
 Encourage participation (incentive
program)
 Tugas Kelompok
 Buat kelompok kerja dengan anggota @ 3
(tiga) orang.
 Amati lingkungan layanan publik (public
service facilities) seperti taman kota,
stasiun/ terminal/bandara (bisa juga
mall), traffic light, dll. Pilih sekurang-
kurangnya 1 (satu) lokasi, buat
dokumentasi berupa sketsa gambar,
photo dan/atau video jika memungkinkan.
 Lakukan analisa “potential hazards”
(minimal 5 macam) --- baik dari sisi
rancangan teknis maupun pengelolaan ---
yang ada dan memiliki kemungkinan
menjadi faktor utama penyebab terjadinya
kecelakaan. Buat dalam format Potential
Hazards Analysis (PHA) dan berikan saran
rekomendasi perbaikannya.
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 87
 THANK YOU

Let’s implement safety, health &

ergonomic activities to achieve great
world class company…. and better people
quality of life……….
Sritomo W.Soebroto Safety Engineering & Management 88
 Terima Kasih

Sritomo W.Soebroto Etika Profesi Insinyur 2019 89