1| Introduction

THE WORLD OF ENGLISH

THE TESOL COURSE
THE ART OF TEACHING
THE ART OF LEARNING
APPROACH, METHOD and TECHNIQUE

TEACHERS OF ENGLISH TO SPEAKERS OF OTHER LANGUAGES | INSTRUCTOR: GLEA

 THE WORLD OF ENGLISH

GREAT
FURTHER
BRITAIN DEVELOPED
PILGRIM
GERMANY FATHERS
CROSS TO
TRIBE USA
MIGRATED LANGUAGE
Did you know that
English is not the
most widely spoken
language in the world?
It’s Mandarin Chinese with 1
Billion speakers compared to
512 million English speakers.
However, English became
the most common
Lingua Franca of the world.
[LINGUA FRANCA]
[also called a bridge language]
A language widely adopted for
communication between two speakers,
whose native language are different from
each other’s and one or both used English
as a second language
What is
TEACHING?
 [TEACHING]
1 System

2 Human-caring Skill

3 Pedagogy

4 Cooperative Art

5 Profession
 [TEACHER]
Ratio disciplined
Encourages good values consistent
Stimulates curiosity
organizerController assess
Promotes individuality
nalresourceprompter observer
or
participant FAIR responsible
What is
LEARNING?
 [LEARNING]
the act or experience of one that learns;
knowledge or skill acquired by instruction or s
tudy
What is the difference
between acquiring and
learning?
 [ACQUIRING LANGUAGE]
Children acquire language through a subconscious process duri
ng which they are unaware of grammatical rules.
This is similar to the way they acquire their first language.
They get a feel for what is and what isn’t correct.
In order to acquire language, the learner needs a source of natur
al communication.
 [LEARNING LANGUAGE]
Language learning is not communicative.
It is the result of direct instruction in the rules of language.
And it certainly is not an age-appropriate activity
for young learners. In language learning,
students have conscious knowledge of the new language
and can talk about that knowledge.
 [STIMULUS]
something that causes something else to happen,
develop, or become more active
 [OBSERVATION]
the activity of paying close attention to someone or somethin
g in order to get information
by watching and listening
 [PEDAGOGY]
the art, science, or profession of teaching
[FACTORS in the PEDAGOGY of TESOL]
CULTURE

LANGUAGE

STEREOTYPE

POLITICS
 The 3 Important
Terms in Teaching
TESOL
[APPROACH]
correlative assumptions
theories
axiomatic
point of view
philosophy
 [METHOD]
practical realization of an approach
with fixed procedures
the overall plan
procedural
theory put into practice
What are my objectives?
 [TECHNIQUE]
useful activities which helps develop th
e method
implementational
answers the question:
Do they achieve my learning objectives?
The 6 Theories of Second
Language Acquisition
 “Structuralism”
Language is a set of rules
or building blocks.
We must know the rules/codes/laws
in order to function.
Memorization a vital tool for this theory.
[Proponent: Ferdinand de Saussaure]
“Functionalism”
Language as a medium/tool/way
to achieve things.
Focus is to attain goals.
“Language for living”
Believes that language has
different purposes.
 “Behaviorism”
We learn to do things by habits.
“Habit” is also known as conditioning.
Rewards/Punishments/Motivations
We can control other’s behavior.
[Proponents: Pavlov, Skinner and Watson]
“Innatism or Nativism”
We are all programmed to communicate.
We are born with universal grammar.
Language is an automatic acquisition.
[Proponent: Stephen Krashen]
 “Interactionism”
Communicate.
Social relationships.
It emphasizes the role of social interaction
between the developing child
and linguistically knowledgeable adults.
[Proponents: Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget]
 “Constructivism”
Schema.
Association of things, concepts and experiences.
Refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for t
hemselves
The 8 TESOL Approaches
 1| Task-Based Approach
Tasks and activities
Excellent for student interaction
Good for speaking and fluency

Students are presented with a task

they have to perform or a problem
they have to solve.
 2| Eclectic Approach
/eklegin/ “to select”

Derive things from different sources

Allows to mix methods, strategies,

techniques and activities.

A teacher uses a number of methods

to achieve his/her objective teaching.

The teacher decides what methodology or

approach to use depending on the aims of
the lesson and the learners in the group.
 3| Learner-Based Approach
Building lessons from student
Student as a source of INFORMATION
Creates independent learners

 Engages students in the hard, messy work of

 learning.
 Includes explicit skill instruction.
 Encourages students to reflect on what they are learnin
g how they are learning it.
 Motivates students by giving them some control over le
arning processes.
 Encourages collaboration.
 4| Communicative Approach
Real-life language setting
Focus on conversation
Aim: Using language, not just knowing language
Good for students with English schema

Language learning will take care of itself.

Exposure to language in use is vital.
There should have a desire/ purpose for
communicating.
 5| Natural/Direct Approach
Using Free-flow conversation
Natural language acquisition
Actions and pictures
Errors are not corrected {Fossilized Errors}
Aim: To get the learners use the language ASAP.

The students do not fear in making

mistakes. This approach is useful
for beginners. Does not inhibit
speech.
 6| Whole Language Approach
All lessons are stressed, not just one focus but all.
Focus on making meaning in reading and expressing
meaning in writing.
integrating literacy into other areas of the curriculum, esp
ecially math, science, and social studies.
Design to teach a language to ZERO BEGINNERS.

Language is treated as a
complete meaning-making
system
 7| Lexical Approach
Vocabulary
Word by word
Category by category
Other skills are just secondary
Retention/ Memorization

Language consists not of

traditional grammar rules
but often multi-word
fabricated chunks.
8| Grammar Translation Approach
Gaining knowledge of the language
Not for fluency
Teacher-centered
Language is learned and not acquired
“Traditional method”
Tasks lack creativity
No motivation/ Formal setting
Homework: Research on 3 of the 8 TESOL approaches
and explain it in essay format consisting
of the following:
a.) the approach
b.) the proponent(s)
c.) implications on teaching
d.) advantage(s)
e.) disadvantage(s)