Define industrial management its scope and

application in detail.

Industrial management is the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of
systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways

Industrial engineering is a branch of engineering that concerns the development, improvement,

implementation and evaluation of integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information,
equipment, energy, material and process. Industrial engineering draws upon the principles and methods
of engineering analysis and synthesis, as well as mathematical, physical and social sciences together
with the principles and methods of engineering analysis and design to specify, predict and evaluate the
results to be obtained from such systems. In lean manufacturing systems, Industrial engineers work to
eliminate wastes of time, money, materials, energy, and other resources.

Industrial engineering is also known as operations management, systems engineering, production

engineering, manufacturing engineering or manufacturing systems engineering; a distinction that seems
to depend on the viewpoint or motives of the user. Recruiters or educational establishments use the
names to differentiate themselves from others. In healthcare, industrial engineers are more commonly
known as management engineers, engineering management, or even health systems engineers.

Where as most engineering disciplines apply skills to very specific areas, industrial engineering is applied
in virtually every industry. Examples of where industrial engineering might be used include shortening
lines (or queues) at a theme park, streamlining an operating room, distributing products worldwide (also
referred to as Supply Chain Management), and manufacturing cheaper and more reliable automobiles.
Industrial engineers typically use computer simulation, especially discrete event simulation, for system
analysis and evaluation.

SCOPE

Industrial Management optimizes use of scarce resources

Industrial management ensures effective leadership and motivation

Industrial management promotes harmony in industrial relations

Industrial management helps in achieving goals

Industrial management facilitates change and growth

Industrial management enhances quality of life

Industrial management improves quality of life

Industrial management contributes to organisational competitiveness

Industrial management develops professionalism

Industrial management contributes to organizational growth

APPLICATIONS

FORMULATION OF PRODUCTION PLAN

CONTROL OF PROCESSES AND PRODUCTS

INVENTORY CONTROL

DESIGN OF PLANT LAYOUT

SCHEDULING OF MACHINES AND PROCESSES

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT PLANING

AIRLINES OPERATIONS

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEMS

OPTIMAL USE OF NATURAL RESOURCES

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 Define productivity how can we measure productivity.

PRODUCTIVITY
The amount of output per unit of input (labor, equipment, and capital).
There are many different ways of measuring productivity. For example, in a factory productivity might be
measured based on the number of hours it takes to produce a good, while in the service sector
productivity might be measured based on the revenue generated by an employee divided by his/her
salary.

Thus literally , productivity concept extends to efficient and effective utilization of total resources of the
organization along with the achievement of the desired performance results.

PRODUCTIVITY = TOTAL OUTPUT / TOTAL INPUT

productivity basically means efficiency of production

MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY Productivity measurement may be divided in to two parts:

ABSOLUTE PRODUCTIVITY: To measure absolute productivity total output obtained is divided by total
input applied

ABSOLUTE PRODUCTIVITY = total output / total input

PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY: to measure factor productivity total output is divided by that particular factor.

PARTIAL PRODUCTIVITY = TOTAL OUTPUT / FACTOR INPUT

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 What is the production system,describe its types.?

PRODUCTION SYSTEM
production systems widely vary either because of the product nature or because of the existing production
facilities. Broadly, it can be categorized either as continuous or as intermittent . Continuous flow of
production is possible where facilities are standardized . Assembly lines and the continuous flow of
chemical operations are examples of this types of production system .Intermittent on the other hand
follows a flexible system to accommodate a wide variety of products of different sizes i.e., a job shop type
machine shops fabrications shops or batch type chemical operations . this type of production system are
also known as customized production system .

Continuous production system may further be divided in to two parts:

ANALYTICAL METHOD : In this method a single input may be utilised to get a lot of output.

SYNTHETIC METHOD: In this method many inputs are used to get a single output.

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Describe industrial ownership.

A business organization may owned by one person . if it is owned by one person it is known as sole
proprietorship . Other than this, all other forms of business organizations are known as group ownership
are known as group ownership like joint hindu family firm , partnership firm , joint stock company , co
operative undertaking etc. Government managed organizations again may be either a departmental
undertaking , governmental undertaking or a government enterprise .

SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP: This is the single ownership form of business . Sole proprietor runs his
business as an entrepreneur and is personally responsible for all business outcomes, which includes
personal obligations for all liabilities . It means a creditor can raise the claim against a sole proprietor , as
his liabilities are unlimited . when a sole proprietor chooses to carry out business under a different name
of his firm after the formal registration , it can not immune himself from the personal obligations .

Thus sole proprietorship is the most common form of business organization.

PARTNERSHIP: It is a business , owned and operated by two or more individuals . Theoretically , two or
more persons enter in to a partnership agreement to combine their resources in a business with the
objective to make profit .person s who are entering in to agreement are known as partners and
collectively they are known as partnership or organization. Which may have different names . In case of
partnership firms as in case of sole proprietorship , partners provide share and share the responsibilities
for running the organization . In partnership agreement , it may be such that some may invest in terms of
monetary resources while some other may take the responsibility of running the organization.

JOINT STOCK COMPANY OR ORGANIZATION: A joint stock company is identified by the term LIMITED
, INCORPORATED etc. Irrespective of the term used , it may appear with the corporate name in each
and every document , exactly in the form and manner it appears in the document of its incorporation . As
it is a legal entity distinctly seperate from the owners and managers , it can like any other legal entities
own assets , incur liabilities and engage in activities . In a joint stock company , ownership is represented
by shares , which may either be a general equity or a preferential equity . general equity shares confer
ownership rights to the share holders . such shareholders get dividend , as declared by the company.
They can vote to elect the board of directors and the auditors of the company and can also participate in
the general meetings of the company . Preference shares are capital stocks, which which provide specific
dividend before the dividend is paid to common equity shareholders.

COOPERATIVE ORGANIZATION: Cooperative organizations are those organizations , which are

different from the rest , as they are formed not for the purpose of making profit but to provide its members
goods and services at reasonable rates. This form of organizations primarily protects and safeguard the
economic interests of its members. Thus, cooperatives are voluntary associations, formed with a a
service motive; the primarily source of income being the members’ shares , they get dividend on trading
surplus , if any . The organization functions as a separate legal entity in a democratic way and is
governed by state regulation. There are different types of cooperatives like consumers cooperative ,
marketing cooperatives, housing cooperatives, credit cooperatives , farming cooperatives etc.

MULTINATIONAL OR TRANSACTIONAL ORGANIZATINS: Multinational organizations are divided in to

three groups based on configuration of their production facilities . Horizontally integrated multinational
corporations manage production establishments located in different countries to produce the same or
similar products , as for instance Mcdonald’s. Vertically integrated multinational corporations manage
production establishment in certain country to produce products that serve as input to its production
establishments in other country . Adidas is an example of this kind of integrated multinational
cooperation . Diversified multinational corporation do not manage production establishment located in
different countries . They need not be horizontally or vertically integrated.

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Describe in detail principles of management under the given topic

Management Tools
Management tools are used to find out best way to reach at a particular way to do any particular work as
far as management is concerned.Management tools for any production are work study. Method study and
time study. Work study provides many tools and techniques to measure and improve ways for
accomplishing a task. Work study assumes that there is one best way to accomplish a task. Scientific
methods may be used to identify way for doing task. The time and methods in doing this task may be set
as standard. The standard may be used to monitor and performance.
Work study is generic term for those techniques, particularly method study and measurement, which are
used in the examination of human work in all its contexts, and will lead systematically to the investigation
of all the factors which affect the efficiency and economy of the situation being reviewed, in order to effect
improvement.

Method study is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing proposed ways of doing
work, as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective methods and reducing costs.

Time and motion study

Time study is defined as a work measurement technique for recording the times and rate of working for
the elements of a specified job, carried out under specified condition and for analyzing the data so as to
obtain the time necessary for carrying out the job at a defined level performance.
Time study by work sampling or by the use of predetermined times is used to establish a standard time
for a job or an operator. PMTS was developed from extensive studies of all aspects of human
performance through measurements, evaluation and validation procedure. It analyses and subdivided any
manual operation of human task into motions, body motions or other elements of human performance and
assigned to each the appropriate time value.
Important considerations for using PMTS are that any operation to be measured should be divided into
basic motions as per the system selected.

Work simplification:
Work specification is method study which is the systematic recording and critical examination of existing
and proposed ways of doing work as a means of developing and applying easier and more effective
methods and reducing cost.
It requires the breakdown of an operation or procedure into its component elements and their systematic
analysis. One should have the desire and determination to produce results, ability to achieve results, and
an understanding of the human factors involved. It also requires improving work methods through process
and operation analysis. Improvement can be made in manufacturing operation and their sequence,
workmen, material, tools and gauges, layout of physical facilities and workstation design, movement of
men and material handling and work environment. All these result in improvement of efficiency.

Process charts and flow diagrams

A process chart gives the pictorial view of the whole process by recording only the major activities and
inspections involved in the process. Process chart is helpful in visualizing all sequence of operations and
inspections in the process, knowing when two operations selected for detailed study fits into the entire
process.
Flow diagram is a drawing almost to scale. It is covering working area, showing the location of the various
activities. Transport route followed are shown by joining the symbols in segments by a line. This line
represents nearly the paths or movements of the subject concerned.

Production Planning
Production planning has now become an independent branch for study and specialization with
interdisciplinary approach . Although , the task of production in organization are assigned to those have
exposure to technical and engineering disciplines , with management inputs or knowledge they can
function better as timely delivery , productivity, cost effectiveness and quality are now considered crucial
for sustaining the competetive pressure . In manufacturing set up the term production planning is used ,
whereas operations management is a wider concept , which not only includes traditional manufacturing
but also broadly encompasses process ,programs ,plants ,and people

Specification of Production requirements

1. Production program consisting of quantity to be produced, delivery date, special features, etc.
2. Specifications and tolerances as per quality standards. .
3. Materials of production such as types of materials, quality and quantity procurement lead time
and stock position.
4. Toolings.
5. Details of operations, sequence, process, machines and equipment’s capability, jigs and fixtures
and process parameters
6. Operation and set up standard time
7. Dates of starting and finishing