Investigating Living Things: Vocabulary

UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK JPN JOHOR
MODUL INTERVENSI 2008
INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS
VOCABULARY
1 Mould kulat
2 Quarantine Diasingkan
3 Biodegradation Biodegradasi / boleh diuraikan
4 Compost Kompos
5 Contagious Berjangkit
6 Humus Humus
7 Fair test Ujian sah
8 Intraspecies Persaingan antara spesis

competiton
9 Extinction Kepupusan
10 Shortage Kekurangan
11 Consumer Pengguna
12 Food chain Rantai makanan
13 Producer Pengeluar
14 Represented Diwakili
15 Food web Siratan makanan
1
THERMINOLOGY
1 Biodegradation The process where a substance can be changed back to a

harmless natural state by the reaction of bacteria and
will not damage the environment
2 Compost A mixture of decayed plants, food that can be added to

soil to help plants grow
3 Contagious Diseases that can be spread easily from one person to

another
4 Humus A substance made from dead leaves and plants, added to
the soil to help plants grow
5 Microscopic Extremely small and difficult or impossible to see

without a microscope
6 Mould A type of fungi that grow on bread, rice and fruits
7 Quarantine Isolated from other people
8 Endangered Threaten
9 Extinct No longer exist
10 Fair test Manipulating one variable at a time
11 Intraspecies Competition among the same species

competition
12 Survival The state of continuing to live or exist
13 Food chain Shows the food relationship among plants and animals
14 Food web Consists of food chains that are linked together
15 Primary consumer First animal in the food chain
16 Producers Plants; they make their own food
17 Secondary consumer Second animal in the food chain
INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY
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VOCABULARY
1 Bonding Ikatan
2 Captured Dipernagkap
3 Curiosity Naluri ingin tahu
4 Exploitation Eksploitasi, penggunaan
5 Forces Daya
6 Harness Memanfaatkan
7 Imagination Imaginasi
8 Installed Dipasang
9 Laundry Dobi
10 Refinery Penapis
11 Substance Bahan
12 Turbines Turbin
13 Ultimate Utama, asas
14 Appliances Peralatan
15 Catapult Lastik
16 Constant Tetap
17 Powered Digerakkan
18 Stretch Tarik, regang
19 Transformed Diubah
20 Administer Tadbir
21 Distribute Mengagihkan
22 Elicit Mencungkil
23 Landfills Tapak pelupusan
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24 match Sepadan
25 Odourless Tidak berbau
26 Readily available Mudah diperolehi
27 Renewable Diperbaharui
28 Replenished Diganti semula
29 Residues Hasil buangan
30 Shuffle Kocok, menyelerakkan
31 Term Istilah
32 Wastage Pembaziran
33 Wisely Secara bijaksana
34 Appreciable Jelas, ketara
35 Arrays Membariskan, susunan
36 Convenient Mudah digunakan
37 Fraction Segelintir, pecahan
38 Arrangements Susunan
39 Interrupt Memotong, mencelah
40 Pathways Jalan kecil, lorong
41 Receiver Penerima
42 Represent Mewakili
43 Various Aneka, pelbagai
44 Devices Peranti, alat
45 Extensive Lebar
46 Indicate Menandakan, menunjukkan
47 Lethal Membawa maut
4
48 Muscles Otot, urat
49 Nerve Saraf
50 Resistance Penentangan
51 Beam Alur cahaya
52 Light source Sumber cahaya
53 Luminous Berkilau
54 Opaque Legap
55 Non luminous Tidak berkilau
56 Penumbra Penumbra
57 Phenomenon Fenomena/ kejadian
58 Shadow Bayang-bayang
59 Straight line Garis lurus
60 Translucent Lut cahaya
61 Travel Bergerak
62 Umbra Umbra
63 Vacuum Vakum
64 Diffused reflection Pantulan kabur
65 Image Imej
66 Incident light Cahaya tuju
67 Ray diagram Gambar rajah sinar
68 Reflected light Cahaya pantulan
69 Reflection Pantulan
70 Regular reflection Pantulan biasa
71 Degree of hotness Darjah kepanasan
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72 Drying clothes Menjemur pakaian
73 Food industry Industri pembuatan makanan
74 Heat Haba
75 Indicator Petunjuk
76 Launderette industry Industri pencucian pakaian
77 Manufacturing Industri pembuatan

industry
78 Concrete slabs Kepingan konkrit
79 Contract Mengecut
80 Dent Kemek
81 Expand Mengembang
82 Mercury Raksa
83 Pavement Laluan pejalan kaki
84 Railway track Landasan keretapi
85 Snap Putus
86 Solidifies Membeku
87 Steam pipe Paip air panas
88 Mercury Raksa, merkuri
89 Phenomenon Fenemena, kejadian
90 Temperature Suhu
91 Thermometer Thermometer
92 Weather forecaster Penyampai ramalan kaji cuaca
6
THERMINOLOGY
1 Appliances A home device or equipment which performs a certain

task or function
2 Atmospheric pressure The force per unit area exerted against a surface by the
weight of the air molecules above the surface
3 Chemical energy Energy from the chemicals present in things such a

batteries, food or fuels
4 Decomposing To break down or break up into parts as in rotting
5 Electrical energy Energy obtained from sources such as batteries,

dynamos and accumulators
6 Heat energy Energy that causes a change in temperature or a change

in state
7 Hydroelectric power Electricity produced by using flowing water from a dam

to turn a turbine
8 Kinetic energy Energy present in a moving object
9 Light energy Energy produced by light
10 Metabolism All of the energetic reactions that take place ia a cell or

organism
11 Non-renewable Energy that cannot be replenished when used up

energy
12 Photosynthesis A process in which plants, algae and some bacteria
harness light from the Sun to produce food
13 Potential energy Energy in object due to its position or height
14 Renewable energy Energy that can be replenished when used up
15 Respiration The process of inhaling oxygen and exhaling carbon

dioxide and water
16 Solar energy Energy from the Sun
17 Sound energy Energy caused by vibrations
18 Turbine A wheel with blades that are rotated by a flow air or

water
19 Accumulator A device which can generate electric current
7
20 Circuit diagram A diagram that represents the circuit
21 Current Rate of electric charges that flow from one another in

an electric circuit
22 Dynamo A device that changes energy from the movement of

wind or water into electricity
23 Dry cell A device which can generate electric current
24 Electric shock A sudden response of the body when electricity passes or

enters the body
25 Electrocution A sudden death caused by electricity
26 Hydroelectric power Using the power of water to produce electricity
27 Parallel circuit An electric circuit in which the components are

connected separately
28 Series circuit An electric circuit in which the electrical source and

other components are connected one after another
29 Solar cell Using the Sun’s energy to turn into electricity
30 Beam A few lines of light rays that go out from a light source
31 Image A picture that looks very similar to something
32 Light ray A small beam of light that goes out from a light source
33 Light sourcr Something that produces or emit light
34 Opaque Does not allow light to pass through
35 Reflection Does not pass through, but bounces back
36 Shadow A dark image formed when light is blocked by an opaque

or translucent object
37 Translucent Allows a small amount of light to pass through
38 Contract Becomes smaller/ decrease in size
39 Expand Becomes bigger / increases in size
40 Heat A form energy which makes things hot
8
41 Sag A line or string that hangs or bends down in the middle

either because of weight or length
42 Temperature A measure of how hot or cold a substance is
43 Thermometer An instrument used for measuring temperature
ADDITIONAL NOTES
ENERGY is the ability to do work. The energy that we use can exist in different forms.
KINETIC ENERGY Is related to motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules

substances and objects
ELECTRICAL ENERGY Is the movement of electric charges. Electric charges that

move through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is
another example of electrical energy
THERMAL ENERGY Is the internal energy in substances due to the vibration and
movement of the atoms and molecules within substances.
Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy
MOTION ENERGY Is the movement of objects and substances from one place
to another. Objects and substances move when a force is
applied. Wind is an example of motion energy
SOUND ENERGY Is the movement of energy through substances. Sound is

produced when a force causes an object or substance to
vibrate
POTENTIAL ENERGT Is the energy that is stored and related to the position of
something
CHEMICAL ENERGY Is the energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It
is the energy that holds these particles together. Biomass,
petroleum, natural gas and propane are examples of stored
chemical energy
MECHANICAL ENERGY Is the energy stored in objects by the application of the

force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are
examples of stored mechanical energy
NUCLEAR ENERGY Is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. It is the

energy that holds the nucleus together. Nuclear power
plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms is a process called
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fission that releases energy
GRAVITIONAL ENERGY Is the energy of position or place. A rock at the top of a hill
contains gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such
as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of
gravitational potential energy
Transformation of energy always follow the Law of Conservation of Energy which

states that :
 Energy cannot be created or destroyed

 Energy can be changed from one form to another
 When energy changes its form, the total amount of energy is
constant.
 Examples of the transformation of energy found around us :
The chemical energy stored in petrol is converted into heat

in a car engine. This heat energy is used to move the
mechanical parts of the car so it can move. Thus, chemical
CAR energy is converted into kinetic energy
Chemical energy heat energy kinetic energy
Electrical energy is transformed into kinetic energy to turn

the blades of the fan
FAN
Chemical energy kinetic energy
Stored energy in a flashlight’s battery becomes light energy

when the flashlight is turned on
FLASHLIGHT
Chemical energy light energy
Electrical energy is used to heat a coil and transforms into

heat energy
IRON
Electrical energy heat energy
Electrical energy is transformed into sound energy through

the speakers
RADIO
Electrical energy sound energy
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When you talk on the phone, your voice is transformed into

electrical energy which passes over wires. The phone on the
other end changes the electrical energy into sound through
TELEPHONE the speaker
Electrical energy sound energy
A television changes electrical energy into light and sound

energy
TELEVISION Electrical energy light energy + sound energy
A toaster changes electrical energy into heat and light

energy
TOASTER Electrical energy heat energy + light energy
INVESTIGATING MATERIALS
11
VOCABULARY
1 Gas Gas
2 Liquid Cecair
3 Solid Pepejal
4 Ion Ion
5 Boiling Mendidih
6 Condensation Kondensasi
7 Evaporation Penyejatan
8 Freezing Pembekuan
9 Melting Peleburan
10 Condensation Kondensasi
11 Cloud Awan
12 Water cycle Kitar air
13 Water vapour Wap air
14 Industrial waste Kumbahan industri
15 Acidic Berasid
16 Alkaline Beralkali
17 Bitter Pahit
18 Burn Lecur
19 Caustic Kaustik
20 Corrosive Menhkakis
21 Dilute acid Asid cair
22 Litmus paper Kertas Litmus
23 Neutral Neutral
24 Neutralization Peneutralan
12
25 Properties Sifat
26 Sour Masam
27 Strong acid Asid kuat
28 Weak acid Asid lemah
THERMINOLOGY
1 Condensation The process when gas changes to liquid
2 Evaporation The process when liquid changes to gas
3 Freezing The process when liquid changes to solid
4 Ion An atom that carries an electrical charge
5 Melting The process when solid changes to liquid
6 Water cycle Continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface

into the air and back to the Earth’s surface again
7 Acidic The characteristics of a substances that tastes sour and

changes the colour of blue litmus paper to red
8 Alkaline The characteristics of a substance that tastes bitter and

changes the colour of red litmus paper to blue
9 Bitter The taste of substance that are alkaline
10 Litmus paper A type of paper used to test whether a substance is

acidic or alkaline
11 Neutral The characteristics of a substance that does not change

the colour of litmus papers neither acidic nor alkaline
12 Properties Characteristics of substances for example, acidic,

alkaline or neutral
13 Sour The taste of substance that are acidic
INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
13
VOCABULARY
1 Big Dipper Buruj Biduk
2 Brilliant Terang
3 Canister Bekas
4 Constellations Buruj
5 Orion Buruj Belantik
6 Poke Tebuk
7 Referred to Dirujuk sebagai
8 Resemble Menyerupai
9 Scorpion Buruj Skorpio
10 Southern Cross Buruj Pari
11 Visible Kelihatan
12 Imaginary Bayangan
13 Axis Paksi
14 Counterclockwise Arah lawan jam
15 Simulation Simulasi
16 Illuminated Diterangi
17 Revolution Berputar mengelilingi
18 Phases Fasa
19 Illuminated Diterangi
20 Revolution Berputar mengelilingi
THERMINOLOGY
14
1 Big Dipper A group of seven bright stars that forms a bowl and
handle
2 Constellations A group of stars forms a certain pattern in the sky
3 Orion A group of stars that forms a pattern of a hunter
4 Pattern A regular or recognizable form ir order in which a series

of things occur
5 Scorpion A group of stars that form a pattern of a scorpion
6 Southern Cross A group of four stars that forms a pattern of a cross
7 Emit To give off light
8 Illuminate To shine light on something
9 Occurrence An incident or event that is happening or taking place
10 Phase a stage of period of a cycle
11 Rotate To move in a circle round an axis or a centre
ADDITIONAL NOTES
PHASES OF THE MOON is the revolution of the Moon around the Earth makes the Moon
seems to change its shape in the night sky. This is caused by the different angles we
see from the bright part of the Moon’s surface called ‘phases’. The Moon goes through
four major shapes during cycle that repeats itself every 28 days. These phases follow
the sequence of their occurrence.
Part of the Moon which is not illuminated faces the Earth.

The Moon is not visible. The lighted side of the Moon faces
NEW MOON away from the Earth. This means that the Sun, the Earth
and the Moon are almost in a straight line, with the Moon in
between the Sun and the Earth.
The moon is less than half illuminated by the Sun. the

fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated increases.
CRESCENT MOON This Moon can be seen after the new Moon, but before the
first quarter Moon. The crescent will grow larger and larger
everyday, until it looks like the first quarter Moon.
Half of the illuminated side of the Moon is visible. The
fraction of the Moon’s disc that is illuminated increases. The
HALF MOON right half of the Moon appears lighted and the left side of
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the Moon appears dark. During the time between the new
Moon and the first quarter Moon, the part of the Moon that
appears lighted gets larger and larger everyday, and
continues to grow until it reaches the full Moon.
The Moon’s illuminated side is visible. The lighted side of

the Moon faces the Earth. This means that the Earth, the
FULL MOON Sun, and the Moon are nearly in a straight line, with the
Earth in the middle. The Moon that we see is very bright
because it reflects sunlight.
INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
VOCABULARY
1 Design Reka bentuk
2 Identify Kenal pasti
3 Varieties Pelbagai
4 Balance Keseimbangan
5 Combination Gabungan
6 Conical flask Kelalang kon
7 Construction Pembinaan
8 Decoration Hiasan
9 Embedded Dimasukkan
10 Formed Dibentuk
11 Futuristic Masa depan
12 Investigate Menyiasat
13 Placed Diletakkan
14 Steel Besi
16
15 Stretched Diregangkan
16 Support Menyokong
17 Topple Tumbang
18 Tripod stand Tungku kaki tiga
19 Upright Tegak
20 Withstand Menahan
21 Stability Kestabilan
22 Structure Binaan
23 Turbulence Bergolak
24 Vibration Gegaran
25 Humidity Kelembapan (udara)
THERMINOLOGY
1 Base area The extent or measurement of the lowest part of any

object, on which it rests
2 Centre of gravity The point where the weight of the object appears to be
concentrated
3 Cone A solid or hollow object with a circular flat base and sides
that slopes up to a point
4 Cube A solid or hollow object with six equal square sides
5 Cuboid A solid or hollow object which has six rectangular faces at

right angles to each other
6 Cylinder A solid or hollow object with straight parallel sides and a

circular or oval base
7 Energy The ability to do work
8 Hemisphere A half of sphere
17
9 Pyramid A hollow or solid object with a square or triangular flat base

and sides that slope up to point
10 Sphere A round solid figure in which every point on the surface is

of equal distance from the centre
11 Stability It is concerned with an object’s ability to return to the way

it was before if disturbed
12 Strength The ability to support mass
13 Structure A building or anything that is constructed from several parts
ADDITIONAL NOTES
STABILITY can be defined as the ability of objects to return to its original state if
disturbed. If an objects is more stable, it can be able to resist larger forces. Objects
that are stable will not topple over because they have their weight concentrated low
down. This point called the centre of gravity and the lower it is, the more stable is the
object.
STRENGTH OF STRUCTURES is the ability to resists stress and strength put on the
structure. Bending, compression, tension, vibration and turbulence are some of the
stressed that structures withstand. Factors that affect the strength of a structure
include the types of materials used, its length, the cross sectional area or shape, how
the structure is placed, weathering environment such as high or low temperature,
humidity and others.
 Examples of everyday life situations used to explain how base area

and height effect the stability of a structure :
 A heavyweight lifter spreads his legs to add stability

 The wide distance between the wheels of a racing car is
Base Area to increase the base area of the car in order to maintain
its stability when it is moving fast
 Laboratory apparatus such as conical flask and tripod
stand has a wide base for the purpose of stability
 A raft is more stable than a kayak because a kayak has
less base area
 Big animals such as elephant and rhinoceros have short

legs to lower the centre of gravity for stability
Height  Racing cars are designed with low bodies to lower the
centre of gravity
 Boat passengers are advised to sit when the boat moves
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for stability
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Investigating Living Things: Vocabulary

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UNIT SAINS DAN MATEMATIK JPN JOHOR

MODUL INTERVENSI 2008

INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS

3 Biodegradation Biodegradasi / boleh diuraikan

7 Fair test Ujian sah

8 Intraspecies Persaingan antara spesis

12 Food chain Rantai makanan

15 Food web Siratan makanan

1 Biodegradation The process where a substance can be changed back to a

2 Compost A mixture of decayed plants, food that can be added to

3 Contagious Diseases that can be spread easily from one person to

5 Microscopic Extremely small and difficult or impossible to see

6 Mould A type of fungi that grow on bread, rice and fruits

7 Quarantine Isolated from other people

9 Extinct No longer exist

10 Fair test Manipulating one variable at a time

11 Intraspecies Competition among the same species

14 Food web Consists of food chains that are linked together

15 Primary consumer First animal in the food chain

16 Producers Plants; they make their own food

17 Secondary consumer Second animal in the food chain

INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY

3 Curiosity Naluri ingin tahu

4 Exploitation Eksploitasi, penggunaan

13 Ultimate Utama, asas

18 Stretch Tarik, regang

23 Landfills Tapak pelupusan

25 Odourless Tidak berbau

26 Readily available Mudah diperolehi

28 Replenished Diganti semula

29 Residues Hasil buangan

30 Shuffle Kocok, menyelerakkan

33 Wisely Secara bijaksana

34 Appreciable Jelas, ketara

35 Arrays Membariskan, susunan

36 Convenient Mudah digunakan

37 Fraction Segelintir, pecahan

39 Interrupt Memotong, mencelah

40 Pathways Jalan kecil, lorong

43 Various Aneka, pelbagai

44 Devices Peranti, alat

46 Indicate Menandakan, menunjukkan

47 Lethal Membawa maut

48 Muscles Otot, urat

51 Beam Alur cahaya

52 Light source Sumber cahaya

55 Non luminous Tidak berkilau

57 Phenomenon Fenomena/ kejadian

59 Straight line Garis lurus

60 Translucent Lut cahaya

64 Diffused reflection Pantulan kabur

66 Incident light Cahaya tuju

67 Ray diagram Gambar rajah sinar

68 Reflected light Cahaya pantulan

70 Regular reflection Pantulan biasa

71 Degree of hotness Darjah kepanasan

72 Drying clothes Menjemur pakaian

73 Food industry Industri pembuatan makanan

76 Launderette industry Industri pencucian pakaian

77 Manufacturing Industri pembuatan

83 Pavement Laluan pejalan kaki

84 Railway track Landasan keretapi