Day 2 (Chemical Engineering Principles)

PART 1 – SET 1

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It is an electrical device which involves both physical and chemical phenomenon in utilizing the solar
energy emitted by the sun.

Ans.: photovoltaic cell

A typical example of exothermic reversible reaction conducted at high pressure in industry is

☒dehydration of ethanol
☐methanol synthesis
☐reformation of methane
☐polymerization of ethylene

Aniline (C 6 H 5 NH 2) is an organic compound produced in industrial plants. It is recorded and

categorized as a regulated hazardous pollutant with a CAS no. ______, and therefore proper waste
management and handling of this chemical is to be observed.

Ans.: 62-53-3

The gaseous reaction A → 2B + C takes place isothermally in a constant pressure reactor. Starting with a
mixture of 75% A and 25% inert (by volume), in a specified time, the volume doubles. Calculate the
conversion achieved.

Ans.: 66.7%

Which of the following statements are correct?

P – For a rheopectic fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with time under a constant applied shear
stress.
Q – For a pseudo-plastic fluid, the apparent viscosity decreases with time under a constant applied shear
stress.
R – For a Bingham plastic, the apparent viscosity increases exponentially with the deformation rate.
S – For a dilatant fluid, the apparent viscosity increases with increasing deformation rate.

☐P and Q only
☐Q and R only
☐R and S only
☒P and S only

In an experiment, a sphere of density ρ1 and radius r is dropped in a tank of oil of viscosity μ1 and
density ρ2. The time of descent for the sphere through the first section of height d is recorded as t 1 and
through the second section of the same height as t 2, 0 < t 2 - t 1 << 1.

Which of the following is true?

☐The drag force exerted on the sphere increases during it descents through the second section.
☒The sphere never reaches its terminal velocity while falling through both sections.
☐The sphere reaches its terminal velocity while falling through the first section.
☐The drag force exerted on the sphere decreases during the descent through the second section.

To maintain the room temperature above the survival temperature of COVID-19 virus, 1000 cu.ft./min of
air (A) at 95oF dry bulb, 74oF wet bulb is mixed with 2000 cu.ft./min of air (B) at 65 oF dry bulb, 54oF wet
bulb. Determine the dry bulb temperature of the mixed stream. The following data apply: air A has 36%
humidity, 0.013 lbs water-vapor per lbs of dry air, and a humid volume of 14. 3 cu.ft./lb dry air; air B has
40% humidity, 0.006 lbs water vapor per lbs dry air, and a humid volume of 13.3 cu.ft./lb dry air.

☐61oF
☐None of these
☒74.7oF
☐81.9oF
☐53.81oF

PART 2 – SET 1

It is proposed to condense 15 pounds per sec. of saturated Freon-12 vapor in a refrigeration system by
allowing it to flow on the outside surface of 1-in. o.d. copper tubes (18 BWG, Si = 0.00444 ft 2 per tube).
Cooling water enter the tubes at 70°F and leaves the system at 75°F with a velocity of 10 ft/s. Calculate
the number of tubes in parallel needed in the system. The following data applies: latent heat of
vaporization for Freon-12 at 90°F = 59 Btu/lb, overall coefficient of heat transfer = 240 Btu/ ft 2-hr-°F.

☐639
☐1
☐None of these
☐18
☒64

In a waste treatment plant, wastewater liquid is to be separated from the solids using a centrifuge with
a 20-in. diameter bowl 14-in. deep. The centrifuge operates at 1200 rpm giving a 2-in. thick liquid layer
when used with sludge whose liquid has a sp.gr. of 1.2 and a viscosity of 2.5 cp. The solid component of
the sludge has a sp.gr. of 1.7. If the cut size of the particle is 35 microns, what is the capacity of the
centrifuge in ft 3 per second?

☐125
☐1.9
☒843
☐6.2
☐None of these

It is proposed to distill continuously a solution containing 10 moles ammonia and 90 mol% water to
produce a distillate containing 28 mol% ammonia. Per 100 moles of feed, calculate the moles of
distillate in a continuous simple distillation without reflux. The following data applies: the feed enters as
a liquid at the boiling point; the still is heated by steam condensing in a closed steam coil, and the
residue is continuously withdrawn from the still; at equilibrium, the mol fraction of ammonia in the
vapor is 6.3 times that in the liquid (y = 6.3 x).

☐17.5 mols
☐None of these
☐11.2 mols
☐23.6 mols
☐31.9 mols

Estimate the volume of air to be supplied in a new activated sludge plant assuming the BOD5 is 68% of
the ultimate BOD and that the oxygen transfer efficiency is 100%. The following data applies: existing
plant effluent characteristics (flow = 0.15 m 3/s, BOD5 = 84 mg/L); allowable soluble BOD5 in the
effluent = 11.1 mg/L, air density at standard condition = 1.185 kg/ m 3; air contains 23.2 mass% oxygen.

☐38,000 m3/day
☒3,100 m3/day
☐1,950 m3/day
☐5,053 m3/day
☐None of these

Given a suspension in water of uniformly sized sphere (diameter = 6,102.36 μin, density = 71.17 lb/ ft 3
has a solids concentration of 25% by volume. The suspension settles to a bed of solids concentration of
55% by volume. Calculate the rate at which the water/suspension interface settles, in mm/s. Assume
water properties: density, 1000 kg/m 3; viscosity, 0.001 Pa.s

☐0.42
☒0.45
☐0.54
☐0.48
☐None of these

SOLUTION:
PART I – SET 2

Which of the following industrial processes does not involve unit processes?

☒Addition of sodium chloride in water to form brine

☐Cracking of petroleum substances
☐Removal of water in ethanol to produce ethane
☐Burning of wood as fuel for the boiler
☐None of these

The softness of silver can be converted to hardness by alloying with a small amount of _______.

☐Copper and aluminum

☐None of these
☐Zinc and metal
☐Tin and aluminum
☒Copper and nickel
The thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin that is produced by the condensation reaction of phenol
with formaldehyde is: (i) Bakelite, (ii) polyester, (iii) nylon-66, (iv) Teflon, (v)
polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride.

☐i, ii
☐iii, iv
☒v, i
☐iv, v
☐none of these

Which of the following statement is incorrect?

☐The accompanying enthalpy change, when a solute is dissolved in solvent, depends upon the nature
and amount of the solute and the solvent, on the temperature and on the initial and final concentration
of the solution.
☐The standard heat of solution of the hydrate of a substance is the difference between the heat of
solution of the anhydrous substance and its heat of hydration.
☐The average value of heat of neutralization of dilute solutions of weak acids and bases is much less
compared to that for strong acids and bases.
☐None of these
☒The integral heat of solution of either component cannot be calculated from heat of mixing data.

What is the entropy change for a spontaneous process?

☒>0 for the system and the surroundings

☐<0 for the system and the surroundings
☐>0 for the system
☐None of these
☐<0 for the system

A COVID-19 droplet nucleus exiting the mouth to a closed stagnant environment reaches its terminal
velocity after 8-14 minutes. Which of the following is correct?

☐The COVID-19 droplet nucleus is airborne for 8-14 minutes until it attains its terminal velocity and a
constant acceleration.
☐The COVID-19 droplet nucleus attains zero velocity after 8-14 minutes.
☐The COVID-19 droplet nucleus is airborne for 8-14 minutes until it attains its terminal velocity equal to
zero and an acceleration equal to zero.
☐None of these
☒The COVID-19 droplet nucleus is airborne for 8-14 minutes until it attains zero acceleration.

Which of the following expression is proportional to the velocity of the fluid for a pressure-driven
laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid through a horizontal circular pipe? (μ is the viscosity of the fluid)

☐μ-1
☐μ1/2
☐μ
☐none of these
☐μ-1/2

A manufacturing plant is using a plug flow reactor for its production. Which of the following best
describes what is done to complete the mixing and contact of the reactants in the chemical reactor?
☐Mixing and contact of the reactants is done with an agitation impeller.
☐Mixing and contact of the reactants is done in a batch reaction vessel and is left for a certain time.
☒Mixing and contact of the reactants is done by fluid motion within the reactor.
☐None of these
☐Mixing and contact of the reactions is done before the reactants enter the actual reactor.

A chemical engineer is monitoring the activity of Plant Operation inside the process control room. He
asked the process controller to locate TIROO1 in the control panel. What instrument was he referring?

☐Transmitter Radiator
☒Temperature Indicator Recorder
☐Transfer Instantaneous Release
☐None of these
☐Transmitter Identified Recorder

Methyl chloride is the main ingredient in many paint removers. But despite it being harmful to humans,
EPA still allows its formulation without penalty. What is its classification according to EPA standards?

☐Ozone generator
☐POP
☐HAP
☒None of these (Group D, Carcinogenic)
☐VOC

When the mean free path of the gas is less than about 65% but greater than about 1% of the channel
diameter, the gas layer next to the wall assumes

☐Critical flow
☒Slip flow
☐Turbulent flow
☐None of these
☐Compressible flow

A liquid feed of pure A (1 mole per liter) is treated in two reactors of 2-liter volume each and reacts with
a rate of rA= 0.05 CA2 in mole /L-s. Find what feed rate in liters/minute that will give a final outlet
concentration of CA = 0.50 mole/liter if a PFR and a MFR are hooked up in parallel.

☐6
☐12
☒9
☐None of these
☐8

A process with transfer function G P = (2 / (S-1)) is to be controlled by a feedback proportional controller

with a gain Kc. If the transfer function of all other elements in the control loop is unity, then which one
of the following conditions produces a stable closed-loop response?

☐Kc = 0.25
☐None of these
☐Kc = 0.5
☐0.25 < Kc < 0.5
☐0 < Kc < 0.25

To maintain the room temperature above the survival temperature of COVID-19 virus, 1000 cu.ft./min of
air (A) at 95oF dry bulb, 74oF wet bulb is mixed with 2000 cu.ft./min of air (B) at 65 oF dry bulb, 54oF wet
bulb. Determine the wet bulb temperature of the mixed stream. The following data apply: air A has 36%
humidity, 0.013 lbs water-vapor per lbs of dry air, and a humid volume of 14. 3 cu.ft./lb dry air; air B has
40% humidity, 0.006 lbs water vapor per lbs dry air, and a humid volume of 13.3 cu.ft./lb dry air.

☒61oF
☐None of these
☐74.7oF
☐81.9oF
☐53.81oF

Seven hundred gpm of water is being discharged by a centrifugal pump 7 ft above the pump inlet. The
inlet pressure is 4 in Hg above atmospheric and the discharge pressure is 29 psia. If the pump has an 8-in
diameter inlet and a 4-in diameter discharge, find the pump efficiency. Assume the pump input is 10 hp
and the kinetic energy correction factors equal to unity.

☐None of these
☐67.3%
☒70.9%
☐55.1%
☐84.7%

PART 2 – SET 2

It is proposed to condense 15 pounds per sec of saturated Freon-12 vapor in refrigeration system by
allowing it to flow on the outside surface of 1-in o.d. copper tubes (18 BWG, 64 tubes). Cooling water
enters the tubes at 70 oF and leaves the system at 75 oF with a velocity of 10 ft/s. Calculate the length of
each tube in parallel needed in the system. The following data apply: latent heat of vaporization for
Freon-12 at 90oF = 59 BTU/lb, overall coefficient of heat transfer = 240 BTU/ft 2-hr-oF.

☐158
☐3.8
☐45.6
☐52.8
☐None of these

In a waste treatment plant, wastewater liquid is to be separated from the solids using a centrifuge with
a 20-in. diameter bowl 14-in. deep. The centrifuge operates at 1200 rpm giving a 2-in. thick liquid layer
when used with sludge whose liquid has a sp.gr. of 1.2 and a viscosity of 2.5 cp. The solid component of
the sludge has a sp.gr. of 1.7. If the cut size of the particles is 30 microns, what is the capacity of the
centrifuge in ft3 per second?

☐None of these
☐1.4
☐1.9
☐125
☐6.2

It is proposed to distill continuously a solution containing 10 moles ammonia and 90 mol% water to
produce a distillate containing 28 mol% ammonia. Per 100 mols of feed, calculate the mols of distillate in
a continuous distillation in a stripping column containing a perfect bubble-cap plate and a still. The
following data apply: the feed enters as a liquid at the boiling point; the still is heated by steam
condensing in a closed steam coil, and the residue is continuously withdrawn from the still; at
equilibrium, the mol fraction of ammonia in the vapor is 6.3 times that in the liquid (y = 6.3 x).

☐None of these
☐31.9 moles
☐17.5 moles
☐11.2 moles
☐23.6 moles

Estimate the volume of air to be supplied in a new activated sludge plant assuming the BOD 5 is 68% of
the ultimate BOD and that the oxygen transfer efficiency is 8%. The following data apply: existing plant
effluent characteristics (flow =0.15 m3/s, BOD5 = 84 mg/l); allowable soluble BOD 5 in the effluent = 11.1
mg/L, air density at standard condition = 1.185 kg/m 3; air contains 23.3 mass% oxygen.

☐None of these
☐63,154.7 m3/day
☐24,370.7 m3/day
☐3,100 m3/day
☐38, 000 m3/day

A slurry with a density of 2000 kg/m 3, yield stress of 0.5 N/m2, and plastic viscosity of 250 centipoises is
flowing in a 1.0 cm diameter pipe which is 5 m long. A pressure driving force of 4500 Pa is being used.
Calculate the flow rate of the slurry (m 3/s).

☐6.23 x 10-7
☐None of these
☐4.37 x 10-7
☐2.54 x 10-6
☐1.26 x 10-7

PART 1 – SET 3

What is the element that is at least abundant in the earth’s atmosphere yet finds wide application in
strobe lights, as well as, killing bacteria and powering ruby lasers due to the white flashes of light
produced when electrically excited?

☐Helium
☐Krypton
☒Xenon
☐None of these
☐Argon

Which of the following material has been discovered as the hardest allotrope of carbon based on a
hexagonal lattice, and it is being used as an indicator of shock and meteorite impact?

☐Wurtzite boron nitride

☐Corundum
☐None of these
☐Diamond
☒Ionsdaleite

Visco-elastic behavior of materials which is time-dependent is common in: (i) non-crystalline solids, (ii)
rubbery polymer, (iii) glassy polymer, (iv) non-crystalline organic polymer, (v) crystalline solid

☐iv, v, i
☐i, ii, iii
☒ii, iii, iv
☐None of these
☐iii, iv, v

Cool air at ordinary pressure obeys the ideal gas law. If it is subjected to high temperature or pressure
causing it to behave as a real gas and obey van der Waal’s equation, predict the value of (Cp – Cv).

☐R
☐None of these
☐0.5R
☒>R
☐<R

Water is heated at atmospheric pressure from 40°C to 80°C using two different processes. In the process
I, the heating is done by a source at 80°C. In process II, the water is first heated from 40°C to 60°C by a
source at 60°C, and then from 60°C to 80°C by another source at 80°C. Identify the correct statement.

☐Enthalpy change of water in process II is greater than enthalpy change in process I

☐Enthalpy change of water in process I is greater than enthalpy change in process I
☐Process I is closer to reversibility
☐Process II is closer to reversibility
☐None of these

Given the plot of pressure drop across a bed of powder versus velocity of the fluid flowing upwards
through it, identify the point represented by the incipient fluidization velocity.
☐B
☒A
☐0
☐None of these
☐C

Water passed at the same velocity through two pipes of the same length and diameter. The friction
factor for a rough pipe is f1 and that for a smooth pipe is f2. Pick out the wrong statement.

☒f1 > f2
☐None of these
☐Insufficient data
☐f1 = f2
☐f1 < f2

The first order irreversible reaction A → B is carried separately in a constant volume as well as an in a
variable volume reactor for a particular period. Which of the following describes the conversion taking
place in the reactors?

☐The amount of conversion and concentration are same in the two reactors
☐The amount of conversion and concentrations will be different in the two reactors
☐The amount of conversion in both reactors will be different, concentrations will be the same
☒The amount of conversion in both reactors will be the same but the concentrations will be different
☐None of these

In the feedback control system, the comparator determines the arithmetic difference between the
measured value and the set point, for the control variable. Which of the following represents the
comparator in the system?

☐∑
☐final control element
☐None of these
☐controller
☐measurement

It is a natural phenomenon where a cold layer of air are trapped by a layer of warmer air above due to
lack of wind circulation or the presence of certain topographical features like mountains, thus, resulting
to the trapping of air pollutants in the lower and cooler layers of the troposphere. What is the
phenomenon?

☐denitrification
☐biomagnification
☒thermal inversion
☐None of these
☐ozone accumulation

It is the value corresponding to the transition from turbulent flow to laminar as the velocity of the fluid
is reached.

☒critical Reynolds number

☐kinematic viscosity
☐None of these
☐Laminar Reynolds number
☐Stoke’s number

A liquid feed of pure A (1 mole/liter) is treated in two reactors of 2-liter volume each and reacts with a
rate of rA = 0.05CA2 in mole/L-s. Find what feed rate in liters/minute that will give a final outlet
concentration of CA = 0.50 mole/liter, if two MFRs in series are used?

☐10.67
☐10.23
☒8.46
☐12
☐None of these

For the time domain function f(t) = t2 is which one of the following is the Laplace transformation of the
equation:
t

∫ f (t )dt
0

2
☐
s3

☐None of these

1
☐
4 s2

2
☐
s4

3
☐
s4

To maintain the room temperature above the survival temperature of COVID-19 virus, 20,000 ft 3/min of
air (humid volume = 14.1 ft3/lb dry air) are to be cooled from 90°F to 72°F, using a horizontal-spray type
humidifier, employing a counterflow of air and water. The air has an initial humidity of 0.011 lb. of water
vapor/lb. of dry air and leaving the chamber with 0.015 lb. of water vapor/lb. of dry air. The
unevaporated water collects inside the apparatus, to be recirculated to the spray nozzles, and “make-
up” water at 70°F, is fed to the pump. Calculate the weight of make-up water sprayed per hour. The
following data applies: spray chamber operates substantially adiabatically; normal barometric pressure
prevails within the apparatus; when spraying 1200 lbs. of water per hr-ft 2 of the spray chamber with an
air rate of 2400 lbs. of dry air per hr-ft 2, the overall coefficient of heat transfer of spray chamber = 90 Btu
per hr-°Fmean-ft2; average humid heat of air is 0.2465 Btu/lb-°F.

☐None of these
☐42,600 lbs. water/hr.
☐5,112 lbs. water/hr.
☐1,420 lbs. water/hr.
☐35,754 lbs. water/hr.

A standard 0.5-in. flange-tap orifice is installed in a straight horizontal length of standard 2-in. steel pipe
(i.d. = 2.067 in.). The pipe carries a steady flow of dry air at 85°F (μ = 0.18 centipoise). A vertical U-tube
manometer indicates a differential head of 70 mmHg when connected across the orifice. When the
upstream leg of the manometer is disconnected from the orifice and left open to the atmosphere, the
manometer reading indicates a static head of 10 mmHg gage at the downstream tap. The barometric
pressure is 745 mmHg. Calculate the orifice velocity of dry air in feet per second. The following data
applies turbulent flow, Y = 0.973.

☐243
☐267
☐None of these
☐293
☐274
PART 2 – SET 3

The black flat roof of a building has an emissivity of 0.9 and an absorptivity of 0.8 for solar radiation. The
sun heats down at midday with an intensity of 300 Btu/ft 2-hr. If the temperature of the air and of the
surrounding is 80°F, if the wind velocity is negligible, and if no heat penetrates the roof, what is the
equilibrium temperature of the roof? For the total rate of heat transfer by conduction-convection, use
the equation q = 0.38(∆t)1.25, where ∆t is the temperature drop between the roof and air.

☐158°F
☐None of these
☒177°F
☐114.5°F
☐237.5°F

SOLUTION: (NOTE: THE GIVEN WAS CHANGED.)

A filter press has a filtering area of 300 ft 2. It operates at a constant pressure of 20 psig and give 10,000
gallons of filtrate in 3 hours. Assume θo = 0.05 hr and VO = 50 ml. How much filtrate will be produced if
the filter area is doubled, with conditions maintained constant?

☐None of these
☒20,050 gal
☐12,700 gal
☐52,812 gal
☐69,000 gal

SOLUTION:
A flow of 100 lb-mols/hr of a vapor containing 0.40 mole fraction NH 3 and 0.6 mole fraction of H 2O is to
be enriched in ammonia in a distillation tower which consists of an enriching section and a total
condenser. The feed into the bottom of the column is a saturated vapor (at its dew point) at 100 psia
operating pressure. The distillate is withdrawn from a total condenser and has a composition of 0.90
mole fraction NH3. Part of the liquid condensed in the total condenser is withdrawn as the distillate
product and is returned to the column reflux. 85% of the ammonia charged must be recovered in the
distillate. Calculate the reflux ratio.

☐0.608
☐0.341
☐None of these
☐2.64
☐1.64

A power plant is burning coal at a rate of 1.0 kg per second. If the analysis of the coal reveals a sulfur
content of 3.0%, what is the annual rate of air pollution due to emission of sulfur dioxide? Assume 5% of
the sulfur in the fuel is turned to ash.

☐4.7 x 104 kg
☐1.8 x 106 kg
☐9.5 x 105 kg
☐None of these
☐9.0 x 105 kg

PART 1 – SET 4

What does 80% oleum product signify?

☐20% H2O, 80% H2SO4

☐20% SO3, 80% H2SO4
☒80% SO3, 20% H2O
☐None of these
☐80% SO3, 20% H2SO4

It is a toxic material that is processed in heated air by converting it first into mercury (II) oxide, then
reducing it into its less reactive metal. What is the mineral? (i) mercury, (ii) lead, (iii) cinnabar, (iv)
mercury sulfide

☐iv, i
☐iii, iv
☐ii, iii
☐i, ii
☐None of these

Identify the mineraloid that is a naturally occurring odoriferous mineral wax or paraffin harvested from
coal and shale hence, referred to as earth or fossil wax. It can be black in its purest form, but it is
generally a white, crystalline, odorless, and tasteless solid that is extensively used in personal care and
cosmetic formulations.
☐Bakelite
☐None of these
☒Ozocerite
☐Wurtzite boron nitride
☐Dolomite

The ratio of the molar volume of helium to the molar volume of an ideal gas at the same temperature
and pressure is equal to 1. What is the value of its compressibility factor?

☐Zero
☒Unity at all temperatures
☐Undetermined
☐Decreases with pressure rise
☐None of these

Which of the following situation is true when the dry and wet bulb temperature of moist air is the same?

☐Humidity is <100% and dew point temperature of air has not been reached
☐None of these
☐Partial pressure of water vapor is less than the total pressure
☒Air is fully saturated
☐Dew point temperature of air has not been reached and air is not fully saturated

Given a suspension in water of uniformly sized sphere (diameter = 150 mm, density 1140 kg/m 3) has a
solids concentration of 25% by volume. The suspension settles to a bed of solids concentration of 55%
by volume. Which of the following is correct?

☐None of these
☐Reynolds number is greater than 0.5 and Stokes law does not apply
☐Reynolds number is less than 1.0 and Stokes law does not apply
☒Reynolds number is less than 0.3 and Stokes law applies
☐Reynolds number is greater than 1.2 and Stokes law applies

Fluid with volumetric flowrates, Q 1 and Q2 flows through a venturi meter and attained pressure drops, P 1
and ΔP₂, respectively. If Q2/Q1 = 2, what is the value of ΔP₂/ΔP₁?

☐1
☒4
☐0.5
☐0.25
☐None of these

A process engineer reported that the space velocity of the reactor is 5 hours. What was the engineer
describing?

☐after five hours, reactor is being filled with the feed

☐a fixed conversion of a given batch of feed takes 5 hours
☐percent conversion can be achieved in at least 5 hours
☒five reactor volumes of feed (at specified conditions) are being fed into the reactor per hour
☐None of these

From the process diagram shown, which of the following list are input variables?
☒FC001, PY001
☐FLA001, PHA001
☐PHA001, PI002
☐None of these
☐FC001 to FT001, PY001 to PI002

On March 11, 2020 WHO declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Which of the following qualified for the
declaration according to the WHO 2009 pandemic phases?

☒widespread human infection

☐disease activity at seasonal levels
☐sustained human to human transmission
☐None of these
☐possibility of recurrent events

It is the first fuel cell to be fired in space. It transforms the chemical energy liberated during the
electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to electrical energy and delivers the stream of
hydrogen to the anode side of the membrane electrode assemblies.

☐solid oxide fuel cell

☒alkaline fuel cell
☐None of these
☐phosphoric acid fuel cell
☐proton exchange membrane fuel cell

A liquid feed of pure A (1 mole/liter) is treated in two reactors of 2-liter volume each and reacts with a
rate of rA = 0.05CA2 in mole/L-s. Find what feed rate in liters/minute that will give a final outlet
concentration of CA = 0.50 mole/liter, if two PFRs in parallel are used?

☐8
☐9
☐6
☐None of these
☒12

Which of the following transfer functions, upon a unit step change in the disturbance at t = 0, will show
a stable time-domain response with a negative initial slope (i.e., slope at t = 0)?

☐G(s) = (1/(s + 1)) + (2/(s + 4))

☐G(s) = (1/(s + 1)) – (2/(s + 4))
☐None of these
☐G(s) = (1/(s + 1)) – (2/(s – 4))
☒G(s) = (1/(s – 1)) – (2/(s – 4))

To maintain the room temperature above the survival temperature of COVID-19 virus, 20,000 ft 3/min of
air (humid volume = 14.1 ft3/lb dry air) are to be cooled from 90°F to 72°F, using a horizontal-spray type
humidifier, employing a counterflow of air and water. The air has an initial humidity of 0.011 lb. of water
vapor/lb. of dry air and leaving the chamber with 0.015 lb. of water vapor/lb. of dry air. The
unevaporated water collects inside the apparatus, to be recirculated to the spray nozzles, and “make-
up” water at 70°F, is fed to the pump. Calculate the weight of make-up water required per hour. The
following data applies: spray chamber operates substantially adiabatically; normal barometric pressure
prevails within the apparatus; when spraying 1200 lbs. of water per hr-ft 2 of the spray chamber with an
air rate of 2400 lbs. of dry air per hr-ft 2, the overall coefficient of heat transfer of spray chamber = 90 Btu
per hr-°Fmean-ft2; average humid heat of air is 0.2465 Btu/lb-°F.

☐1420 lbs. water/hr.

☐341 lbs. water/hr.
☐42,600 lbs. water/hr.
☐None of these
☐5,112 lbs. water/hr.

A standard 0.4-in. flange-tap orifice is installed in a straight horizontal length of standard 2-in. steel pipe
(i.d. = 2.067 in.). The pipe carries a steady flow of dry air at 85°F (μ = 0.18 centipoise). A vertical U-tube
manometer indicates a differential head of 70 mmHg when connected across the orifice. When the
upstream leg of the manometer is disconnected from the orifice and left open to the atmosphere, the
manometer reading indicates a static head of 10 mmHg gage at the downstream tap. The barometric
pressure is 745 mmHg. Calculate the orifice velocity of dry air in feet per second. Assume turbulent flow.

☐293
☐None of these
☐243
☒274
☐267

PART 2 – SET 4

The black flat roof of a building has an emissivity of 0.9 and an absorptivity of 0.8 for solar radiation. The
sun heats down at midday and the roof attains the equilibrium temperature of 177°F. If the temperature
of the air and of the surrounding is 80°F, if the wind velocity is negligible, and if no heat penetrates the
roof, what is the intensity of heat from the sun in Btu/ft 2-hr? For the total rate of heat transfer by
conduction-convection, use the equation q = 0.38(∆t)1.25, where ∆t is the temperature drop between the
roof and air.

☐114.5
☒240
☐None of these
☐125
☐300
SOLUTION:

A filter press has a filtering area of 300 ft 2. It operates at a constant pressure of 20 psig and give 10,000
gallons of filtrate in 3 hours. Assume θo = 0.05 hr and VO = 50 ml. How much filtrate will be produced if
the pressure is doubled if doubling of pressure increases by 25%?

☐69,000 gal
☐52,812 gal
☐20,050 gal
☒12,700 gal
☐None of these
A flow of 100 lb-mols/hr of a vapor containing 0.40 mole fraction NH 3 and 0.6 mole fraction of H 2O is to
be enriched in ammonia in a distillation tower which consists of an enriching section and a total
condenser. The feed into the bottom of the column is a saturated vapor (at its dew point) at 100 psia
operating pressure. The distillate is withdrawn from a total condenser and has a composition of 0.90
mole fraction NH3. Part of the liquid condensed in the total condenser is withdrawn as the distillate
product and is returned to the column reflux. 85% of the ammonia charged must be recovered in the
distillate. Calculate the intercept of the operating line.

☐2.64
☐None of these
☐0.608
☐0.341
☐1.64

A waste treatment lagoon having 3 cells, each 115,000 m 2 in area, a minimum operating depth of 0.6 m,
and a maximum operating depth of 1.5 m, receives 1,900 m 3/d of wastewater having an average BOD 5 of
122 mg/L. What is the BOD 5 loading and detention time? The following data applies: the slope of the
lagoon walls is disregarded in the calculations.

☐6.7 kg/ha-d, 54.5 days

☐20.2 kg/ha-d, 163.4 days
☐18.5 kg/ha-d, 177.6 days
☐18.5 kg/ha-d, 54.5 days
☐None of these

A material consisting originally of 25 mm particles is crushed to an average size of 7 mm and requires 0.6
kcal/kg for this size reduction. Determine the energy (in kJ/kg) required to crush the material from 25
mm to 3.5 mm, assuming Rittinger’s law.

☐47.8
☐23.4
☐None of these
☒60.0
☐15.0

PART 2 – SET 5

A filter press has a filtering area of 300 ft 2. It operates at a constant pressure of 20 psig and give 10,000
gallons of filtrate in 3 hours. Assume θo = 0.05 hr and VO = 50 ml. What will be the time of washing if the
press is washed under the original conditions with 2000 gal of wash water after 3 hours of filtering?
Ans.: 4. 85 hrs. or 5 hrs.

SOLUTION:

A flow of 100 lb-mols/hr of a vapor containing 0.40 mole fraction NH 3 and 0.6 mole fraction of H 2O is to
be enriched in ammonia in a distillation tower which consists of an enriching section and a total
condenser. The feed into the bottom of the column is a saturated vapor (at its dew point) at 100 psia
operating pressure. The distillate is withdrawn from a total condenser and has a composition of 0.90
mole fraction NH3. Part of the liquid condensed in the total condenser is withdrawn as the distillate
product and is returned to the column reflux. 85% of the ammonia charged must be recovered in the
distillate. Calculate the number of equilibrium stages required.