Control Valve Dx28 Solar III 20287132g

JULY, 2000
Technical Training Text
DX 28
CONTROL VALVE
SOLAR SERIES III
TRACK EXCAVATOR
1 2028713G
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................... 3
2. IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS.................................................................... 4
3. UNDERSTANDING THE CONTROL VALVE SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS ................. 8
4. FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS .............................................................................. 9
5. SWING PRIORITY OPERATION (SWING DIAL) .................................................. 27
6. STRAIGHT TRAVEL SYSTEM OPERATION. ...................................................... 32
7. MAIN RELIEF VALVE ........................................................................................... 34
8. OVERLOAD RELIEF VALVE (O.L.R.V.)............................................................... 38
9. BOOM HOLDING VALVE ..................................................................................... 41
10. ARM HOLDING (LOCK) VALVE ......................................................................... 46
2028-7132G 2
1. DESCRIPTION
The DX control valve is the main means by which

hydraulic functions are commanded throughout the
track excavator. The control valve is located in the
upper structure of the machine, almost in the center of
the car body. This component receives flow directly
from the front and rear main hydraulic pumps. A
separate hydraulic pilot system is used to stroke the
main spools of the DX control valve to direct most of
the hydraulic functions of the machine.
The DX control valve is available in three different sizes: DX-22, DX-28, and UDX-36. The first letters
indicate the model. The numbers following the DX designation identifies the main spool diameter. The
DX-28 valve therefore uses main spools, which are 28 mm in diameter. This publication will specialize
upon the DX- 28-control valve. The DX-22 control valve is used on the model S130-III excavator.
Principal of operation is exactly the same. The S220LC-III, S280LC-III, S330-III models all use the DX-28
control valve. The S400LC-III and S450-III use the UDX-36 control valve.
As viewed from in front of the valve looking down at the valve, as the valve is mounted in the machine, it
appears as shown in these illustrations.
3 2028713G
2. IDENTIFICATION OF COMPONENTS
1. STRAIGHT TRAVEL SPOOL 7. ARM DUMP O.L.R.V. 13. BUCKET CROWD O.L.R.V.
2. MAIN RELIEF VALVE 8. ARM – 1 SPOOL 14. ARM CROWD O.L.R.V.
3. TRAVEL LEFT SPOOL 9. ARM HOLDING VALVE 15. BUCKET SPOOL
4. SWING SPOOL 10. ARM – 2 SPOOL 16. OPTION SPOOL
5. SWING PRIORITY 11. BOOM – 1 SPOOL 17. TRAVEL RIGHT.
6 BOOM – 2 SPOOL 12. BOOM DOWN O.L.R.V.
2028-7132G 4
18. NEGACON (FOOT RELIEF) VALVE 21. PX PILOT SIGNAL PORT

19. BUCKET CROWD P1 FLOW 22. PY PILOT SIGNAL PORT
20. CHECK VALVE
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10. ARM – 2 SPOOL 26. BOOM UP O.L.R.V.

11. BOOM – 1 SPOOL 27. BUCKET DUMP O.L.R.V.
17. TRAVEL (R) SPOOL 28. ARM DUMP O.L.R.V.
18. NEGACON (FOOT RELIEF) VALVE 29. TRAVEL (R) LOAD CHECK VALVE
23. PX / PY ORIFICE SLEEVE/ PILOT INPUT 30. CHECK VALVE
24. BOOM PRIORITY VALVE 31. CHECK VALVE
25. ARM LOAD CHECK VALVE
2028-7132G 6
2. MAIN RELIEF VALVE 9. ARM HOLDING VALVE

3. TRAVEL LEFT SPOOL 18. NEGACON (FOOT RELIEF) VALVE
4. SWING SPOOL 32. BUCKET CUT SPOOL
5. SWING PRIORITY 33. S. Q. SPOOL
6 BOOM – 2 SPOOL 34. CHECK VALVE
7. ARM DUMP O.L.R.V. 35. CHECK VALVE
7 2028713G
3. UNDERSTANDING THE CONTROL VALVE SCHEMATIC SYMBOLS
Pilot operated 2 postion, 2 way

Open center, pilot operated, Pilot operated check valve valve with internal drain
3 postion, 4 way valve with (Arm holding valve) 2 stage, pilot operated direct
internal pilot system acting main relief valve
Pilot operated 2 position, Pilot operated 2 postion,

Orifice 2 way valve with internal
2 way valve, with internal Pilot operated 2 position,
drain 4 way valve drain
Normally open pressure Internal pilot operated relief Pilot operated 2 postion,
switch valve with check valve to 3 way valve, with internal Direct acting relief valve
prevent cavitation drain
Stroke limiter, piston

Pilot operated, 2 postion,
3 way valve, spring offset
with internal drain.
Hatk900
2028-7132G 8
4. FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS
A. Negative Control System Operation (Negacon)
1.) The negative control system consists of the main pump, open center
control valve spools, orifice, negative control relief valve, and the
main pump regulator.
9 2028713G
2.) Oil flow generated from the main pump discharge port enters the
control valve. If all spools are in their centered position, this main oil
flow will travel through all open center spools. Flow exits the control
valve downstream of the spools via a feedback hose, which is directly
connected to the main pump regulator. A negative control relief valve
with an orifice is added between the last spool of each half of the
control valve and the discharge feedback port to the regulator.
Discharge oil will deadhead at the pilot piston inside the regulator
causing the pump swash plate to transition to minimum angle. The
negative control relief valve is set to open at 30~40 bar to prevent a
deadhead situation.
3.) Once a control valve spool is shifted, flow will be metered across the
particular spool (travel, swing, boom, bucket, arm) When the spool is
fully shifted no flow will move across that particular spool. The orifice
will meter oil trapped between the regulator, and the shifted spool
back to tank for a smooth swash plate transition from minimum
displacement to maximum displacement.
2028-7132G 10
B. Negative Control Relief Valve Operation
ORIFICE
POPPET
FROM CENTER
BYPASS GALLEY
SPRING
TANK MAIN HOUSING
Hatk112
1.) Negacon relief valve is cartridge assembly comprised of a common

housing, orifice, main poppet, and spring.
11 2028713G
ORIFICE
POPPET
FROM CENTER
BYPASS GALLEY
SPRING
TANK MAIN HOUSING
Hatk111
2). Oil supplied from the open center passage of the control valve spool
flows through the orifice of poppet A. As pressure begins to build at
the regulator, it will reach the threshold of the spring tension inside
the cartridge causing the poppet to shift allowing oil to vent to tank.
3.) When any control valve spool shifts fully, no more oil will be supplied
to the regulator. The main poppet will seat against the housing. Oil
trapped between the control valve spool and the regulator will drain
off slowly through the orifice back to tank. The size of the orifice
determines transition speed of the swash plate movement from
minimum displacement to maximum displacement.
2028-7132G 12
C. Basic Circuits
1.) Basic Travel Circuit
Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

NR1 NR2
HV
BC )(
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
SWING )( BKT
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
MR 320k/160l(Pz 20k) P Nzx Nzy
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk830
a.) When the travel levers are actuated, pilot oil is sent to the travel spools of the
control valve. This oil causes the spools to shift. When the spools begin to the
shift the open center passage oil is blocked allowing each pump to come back to
maximum displacement.
b.) As the pump begins to produce flow, oil is distributed to each travel motor. Oil
exiting the motor will come back to the control valve, and will flow across the
travel spools then back to tank.
c.) When the travel spools are in there neutral position, A and B work ports are
connected to the tank to prevent motor cavitation.
13 2028713G
2.) Option Circuit

NR1 NR2
HV
BC )(
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
SWING )( BKT
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk840
a.) The option spool will produce BI directional flow. However, there is only one
pump flow available to this spool. An additional pilot system must be plumbed
into the hydraulic system to actuate the option spool.
b.) The option spool is spring centered the neutral position. When centered, A and
B work ports are blocked not allowing any downstream oil to go across the spool.
c.) When a pilot signal is introduced to the option spool, it will shift. Once it has
shifted over center the open center passage will become blocked allowing the
front pump to go to from minimum displacement to maximum displacement.
Allowing oil to flow from work port A to the implement then returns back through
work port B to tank.
2028-7132G 14
3.) Swing Circuit

NR1 NR2
HV
BC )(
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
SWING )( BKT
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk850
a.) When the joystick is actuated for swing movement, pilot oil is sent to the swing
spool. The swing spool will shift allowing oil to exit the control valve to the swing
motor. As the motor turns, return oil coming from the motor will be directed back
across the swing spool to tank.
b.) If the joystick is actuated in the opposite direction pilot oil is directed to the
opposite end of the spool allowing flow to exit the opposite work port turning the
motor in the reverse direction.
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4.) Bucket Circuit

NR1 NR2
HV
BC
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
Work Port A
SP BKT Work Port B
SWING )(
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk860
a.). During bucket crowd operation, front and rear pump flow is sent to the bucket
cylinder. As the joystick is actuated for bucket crowd, pilot oil will shift the bucket
spool and the bucket cut spool.
b.) When the bucket cut spool is shifted, the open center passage is cut allowing the
rear pump to produce flow, as long as no other spools on the left side of the
control valve are shifted oil can exit the left half of the control valve. This oil
combines with the pressure port of the bucket spool.
c.) When the bucket spool is shifted oil from the front pump can combine with the
rear pump at the bucket spool as the oil goes across the spool it is directed to the
piston side of the bucket cylinder.
d.) Only the bucket spool is shifted to retract the bucket cylinder for bucket dump.
2028-7132G 16
5.) Boom Circuit

NR1 NR2
HV
BC
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
CCb
)(
LCa1
BP Work Port A
BOOM2 )( BOOM1 Work Port B

Csp LCb1
SP
BKT
SWING )(
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk870
a.) Utilizing the boom up function the boom 1 spool and boom 2 spool is shifted
allowing combined pump flow to the piston side of the boom cylinder raising the
boom.
b.) To bring the boom down only the boom one spool is shifted which will direct oil to
the rod side of the boom cylinders. Oil returning from the piston side of the
cylinders is metered across the boom spool for a smooth steady transition.
17 2028713G
6.) Arm Circuit Basic Operation

NR1 NR2
Work Port A HV
BC
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
Work Port B
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
BKT
SWING )(
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
Hatk880
a.) When the arm makes a transition from full dump position to full crowd position,
the joystick will shift the arm 1 and arm 2 spools simultaneously. When this
condition occurs both pumps will produce flow. This flow is directed across the
arm spools to the piston side of the arm cylinder. Rod side oil exits the rod side
of the cylinder back to the regeneration valve.
b.) For arm dump operation both arm spools are shifted in the opposite direction
allowing oil to flow to the rod side of the cylinder. Oil at the piston side of the
cylinder will flow across only the arm spool then back to tank.
2028-7132G 18
7.) Arm Regeneration Theory
HIGH
LOW
ARM1
LCa1
Hatk151
a.) Regeneration simply means that oil is directed from the rod side of the arm
cylinder to the piston side of the arm cylinder. This process will prevent the arm
cylinder from falling because of the weight of the arm. If this system is not
utilized then oil is supplied to the arm cylinder to quickly from both pumps (which
leads to a faster cylinder cycle time) will cause cylinder cavitation.
b.) When the arm 1 spool and arm 2 spool are shifted, oil is directed to the piston
side of the arm cylinder. This system oil is also directed to the regeneration
valve causing it to shift. When it shifts the oil from the rod side is blocked, not
allowing this oil to return to tank. At this time, the rod side pressure is high
causing the integrated check valve of the arm 1 spool to come off of its seat.
When the check valve is unseated oil from the rod side is directed back to the
piston side.
c.) If piston side pressure decreases low enough the regeneration valve will shift to
its neutral position allowing rod side oil to return to tank.
19 2028713G
8.) Internal Pilot system

NR1 NR2
HV
BC )(
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
SWING )( BKT
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ
TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
REAR PUMP FRONT PUMP

Hatk890
a.) Internal pilot system known as PX and PY: Used to control auto/idle, high-speed
travel, straight travel system, and will release the arm holding valve. PX and PY
are two micro switches. Which are normally open. When a pilot signal is
available at the switch the switch will go to the closed position. This is an input to
the EPOS controller.
b.) A constant pilot supply is introduced into port PG. Oil flows across NZX and
NZY. These orifices create a pressure drop.
c.) When the swing, option, bucket, boom and arm spools are in their centered
position oil can flow across these spools eventually makes its way back to tank.
Oil is also, available to the sequence valve (SQ).
d.) When the travel spools are in their centered position oil flows from NZY is
directed across these spools and then back to tank. It is also directed to the
sequence valve (SQ) for shifting purposes.
e.) Any time the front attachment spools are shifted the tank passage will be blocked
allowing the pilot pressure to build closing the PX switch and allowing a pilot
signal to be available at the blocked port of the sequence valve.
f.) When either travel spool is shifted the tank passage will be blocked allowing the
PY switch to close and will also shift the sequence valve.
2028-7132G 20
D. WORK MODE OPERATION
1.) Boom priority composition
Hatk634
a.) Boom Priority valve (BP): Is used to control oil flow to the arm2 spool.
Depending upon the position of this valve the arm speed will either increase or
decrease in the different work modes. Is operated by pilot pressure. The pilot
input is controlled by a proportional-reducing valve.
b.) This system basically consists of the boom priority valve (2 position 2 way), a
centering spring, control valve parallel passage, drain line, arm 2 spool and the
boom 1 spool.
21 2028713G
2.) Loading mode operation.
Hatk632
a.) When loading mode is selected from the LCD panel a 29 bar pilot signal is sent
to the boom priority valve. When the boom priority valve shifts this will have an
affect on the arm 2 spool.
b.) During operation of loading mode the arm speed will be slow. The boom
cylinders will be prioritized with oil causing boom speed to be fast.
2028-7132G 22
OIL FLOW
FROM ARM 1
SPOOL
FRONT PUMP
c.) When the boom up and arm crowd functions are performed flow will be produced
from the front pump and supplied to the boom 1 spool if it is shifted it will be
blocked. Oil flow is forced to follow the parallel passage path.
d.) Flow is now available to the boom 1 spool via the parallel passage for boom
cylinder operation. Flow is also available to the boom priority valve. However no
flow can get through to the arm 2 spool.
e.) Oil is supplied to the arm 1 spool from the rear pump. This is the only source of
oil flow available to the arm cylinder in loading mode.
NOTE: ARM SPEED IS CONTROLLED ONLY WHEN THE BOOM SPOOLS ARE
SHIFTED. IF THE BOOM SPOOL IS NOT SHIFTED THEN OPEN
CENTER PASSAGE OIL IS AVAILABLE TO THE ARM 2 SPOOL.
23 2028713G
3.) Digging mode operation
Hatk653
a.) Digging mode operates similar to loading mode. When digging mode is selected
on the LCD panel, there is now only a 15 bar pilot signal sent to the boom priority
valve instead of a 29 bar. This means that the boom priority spool will only shift a
small amount.
b.) This time the oil from the parallel passage is metered. Now a small amount of oil
is available to the arm 2 spool. This oil that is available to the arm 2 spool will
combine with pump flow from the arm 1 spool for a slight increase in arm cylinder
speed.
2028-7132G 24
4.) Leveling I and leveling II operation
Hatk652
a.) When leveling I or leveling II mode is selected from the LCD panel there is no
pilot signal sent to the boom priority valve. The boom priority valve will not shift.
b.) During operation of leveling I or leveling II modes the arm speed will be fast
because oil is available to the arm 2 spool, via the parallel passage during boom
operation.
25 2028713G
c.) Since there is no pilot signal at the boom priority valve, the valve will stay in its
centered position.
d.) If the boom 1 spool is centered then oil is available to the arm 2 spool via the
open centered passage.
e.) During boom and arm combined operation, parallel passage oil flow is available
to the arm2 spool because the boom priority valve is in its centered position.
2028-7132G 26
5. SWING PRIORITY OPERATION (SWING DIAL)
A. Swing priority manifold composition
A
B
D C
E
F
G
H I
HATK105
1.) The swing priority manifold can be broken down as follows:
a.) Joystick pressure

b. Swing priority proportional reducing valve pressure.
c.) Pilot operated 2-position 3-way valve.
d. Centering spring.
e.) Pilot operated swing priority 2 position 2-way valve.
f.) Centering spring.
g.) Tank line.
h.) Rear pump parallel passage port.
i.) Downstream port from swing spool.
27 2028713G
B. Swing dial in minimum position operation
XSW= JOYSTICK
SWING PRESSURE
Par=0BAR
SWING DIAL MIN
DR2
REAR PUMP CONNECTION WITH ARM 1, BOOM2

(PARALLEL ROUTE) (BLOCKED CONDITION)
HATK103
1.) Anytime the joystick is moved for swing motor operation the pilot
operated spool will move. If the swing dial is in the minimum (CCW)
position there will be no pilot oil available to move the main swing
priority spool.
2.) The swing priority spool controls parallel passage oil flow. The rear
pump supply oil is available all of the time to the swing priority
manifold. Downstream of this spool is the arm 1 and arm 2 spool.
2028-7132G 28
HV
Pal ARM1
LCa1
BOOM2
Csp
Dr2
P SP
xSW
SP
SWING
LCs
REAR PUMP
Hatk121
3.) As the joystick is actuated for swing a pilot signal is sent not only too
the swing spool but also the XSW port which will activate the pilot
operated spool. Swing dial at minimum equals zero pilot pressure at
the PSP port. Even though the pilot operated spool has shift there is
no pilot available at the SP spool therefore it will not shift. It remains
in static position.
4.) When the swing spool shifts the rear pump produces maximum flow.
This flow is available to the open center passages along with the
parallel passage. Since the swing priority spool is in its static position
the oil can flow downstream of the swing priority spool to the boom 2
and arm 1 spools.
29 2028713G
C. Swing dial in maximum position operation
XSW= JOYSTICK
SWING PRESSURE
Par=29BAR
SWING DIAL MAX
DR2
REAR PUMP CONNECTION WITH ARM 1, BOOM2

(PARALLEL ROUTE) (BLOCKED CONDITION)
HATK104
1.) Anytime the joystick is moved for swing motor operation the pilot
operated spool will move. If the swing dial is in the maximum (CW)
position there will be a 29 bar pilot oil signal available to move the
main swing priority spool.
2.) The swing priority spool controls parallel passage oil flow. The rear
pump supply oil is available all of the time to the swing priority
manifold. Downstream of this spool is the arm 1 and arm 2 spool.
2028-7132G 30
HV
Pal ARM1
LCa1
BOOM2
Csp
Dr2
P SP
xSW
SP
SWING
LCs
Hatk122
3.) As the joystick is actuated for swing a pilot signal is sent not only too
the swing spool but also the XSW port which will activate the pilot
operated spool. Swing dial at maximum equals 29 bar pilot pressure
at the PSP port. Now there is a constant pilot pressure available at
the pilot spool when it shifts this pilot signal can travel downstream to
shift the main swing priority spool.
4.) When the swing spool shifts the rear pump produces maximum flow.
This flow is available to the open center passages along with the
parallel passage. Since the swing priority spool is in its shifted
position the oil can flow downstream of the swing priority spool to the
boom 2 and arm 1 spools.
31 2028713G
6. STRAIGHT TRAVEL SYSTEM OPERATION.
A. Straight travel system component construction
SQ VALVE
DRAIN LINE
TO STRAIGHT TRAVEL SPOOL
PX PRESSURE
PY PRESSURE
P2
P1
STRAIGHT TRAVEL SPOOL

Hatk980
1.) The straight travel system consists of the basically the straight travel
which is a 2 position 4 way valve and a 2 position 3 way sequence
valve.
2.) The straight travel system is incorporated into the system to make
sure that when a front attachment function is utilized while travelling
that the excavator will travel straight.
2028-7132G 32
B. Straight travel system theory

NR1 NR2
HV
BC )(
x
x
ARM1 ARM2
)(
LCa1
BP
BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Csp
LCb1
SP
SWING )( BKT
LCk
LCs
TR(L) OPT
C2
TS SQ
TR(R)
300k/160l(Pz=0k)
Pz P1 Px Pg Py P2
REAR PUMP FRONT PUMP

Hatk890
1.) The purpose of the straight travel system is to make sure that the
machine continues to track straight when a front attachment function
is utilized.
2.) When the travel levers are actuated the travel spools will shift. When
the shift immediately the NZY internal pilot pressure builds and closes
the PY pressure switch. It also shifts the SQ valve.
3.) When a front attachment function is actuated the NZX internal pilot
pressure builds allowing the PX switch to close. This pilot signal can
also flow across the sequence valve to shift the main straight travel
valve.
4.) The straight travel valve controls the flow of both main pumps. When
shifted the front pump is dedicated to both travel motors. The rear
pump is dedicated to any front attachment function.
33 2028713G
7. MAIN RELIEF VALVE
8
4
1 3
2
5 6 7
9
Hatk781
A. The design of the control valve incorporates one (1) main relief valve for
both front and rear main pumps. It consists of a common housing.
Located below are the internal components.
1.) Main poppet.

2.) Return spring.
3.) Return spring retainer.
4.) Pilot poppet seat.
5.) Pilot poppet.
6.) Main spring.
7.) Piston.
8.) Main spring adjustment.
9.) Pressure up adjustment.
2028-7132G 34
B. The main relief valve is a pilot operated two-stage main relief valve. The
table below shows typical relief valve settings for the series III machines.
SERIES III DX-22 DX-28
Main 300 kg/cm² 300 kg/cm²
Pressure Up 320 kg/cm² 320 kg/cm²
35 2028713G
C. Normal Operation (no pilot signal)
1.) Pressurized oil from the main pump assembly flows into the orifice of
the main poppet. The oil pressure that is trapped inside of the main
poppet will become greater than the oil pressure before the orifice.
This pressure differential will keep the main poppet seated.
2.) The oil that is trapped on the backside of the main poppet is working
against the pilot poppet. When the oil pressure reaches the setting of
the main spring, the pilot poppet will come off of its seat and allow all
oil on the backside of the main poppet to drain off to tank. When this
condition occurs, the main poppet will come off of its seat allowing
discharge oil to be drained off to tank.
2028-7132G 36
D. Pressure Up Operation (pilot signal activated)
1.) When a pilot signal enters the main relief valve housing, this will
cause the piston to move. When the piston moves it will increase
spring tension.
2.) With increased spring tension, more system pressure will have to be
produced before the pilot poppet will come off of its seat allowing
system pressure to vent back to tank.
37 2028713G
8. OVERLOAD RELIEF VALVE (O.L.R.V.)
TANK
Hatk791
A. There is an overload relief valve for all circuits except for the travel and
swing system. Crossover relief valves are built into the implements of
those circuits. The overload relief valve consists of a main housing.
Inside of the main housing are the following components.
1.) Main poppet.

2.) Orificed piston.
3.) Make up spring.
4.) Pilot piston seat.
5.) Pilot piston.
6.) Main spring.
7.) Main spring adjustment.
8.) Area D2.
9.) Area D1.
2028-7132G 38
B. Overload Protection Theory
1.) As oil is moving in the implement circuit, oil is introduced into the
main poppet leading to the orificed piston that allows area D1 to fill
with oil. This will keep the main poppet seated against the housing
not allowing oil to flow to tank.
2.) As cylinder pressure increases, the oil trapped in the D1 area works
against the pilot piston. The pilot piston is held against its seat by the
main spring. When the pressure in the D1 area is high enough, the
pilot piston will move off of its seat. The oil trapped in the D1 area
can now drain off to tank allowing the main poppet to come off of its
seat. This will allow work port pressure to drain off to tank.
39 2028713G
TANK
C. Make-up Oil Protection Theory.
1.) Observing the main poppet, the surface area of D1 is greater than the
surface area of D2. Usually cylinder port pressure is higher than tank
pressure. This will keep the main poppet closed.
2.) If cylinder port pressure is lower than tank pressure then, the main
poppet will open because the pressure on surface area D1 will be
less than pressure on surface area D2 allowing tank oil to flow to the
cylinder port preventing cavitation.
2028-7132G 40
9. BOOM HOLDING VALVE
Hatk821
A. Located between the boom up work port of the control valve and the
boom cylinder hose is the boom holding valve. The boom holding valve is
designed to prevent any oil leakage across the boom spools in the control
valve. This will prevent cylinder drift. The holding valve is comprised of
the following components.
1.) Main housing.

2.) Port relief.
3.) Logic valve.
4.) Logic valve return spring.
5.) Spool (2 position/2 way)
6.) Tank port.
7.) pilot pressure port.
8.) Boom up control valve workport.
9.) Cylinder port.
10.) Tank port.
41 2028713G
D2
D1
Hatk822
B. Boom Up operation
1.) As the boom spools are shifted, flow enters into the holding valve
(Area D1). The logic cartridge can be easily shifted as oil pressure
overcomes the spring tension. When the logic cartridge shifts up flow
will exit the holding valve and begin to extend the boom cylinders.
High-pressure oil can also enter into the backside of the logic
cartridge (Area D2) through the orifices. Both pressures will equalize
allowing the logic cartridge to stay shifted.
2028-7132G 42
D2
D1
Hatk823
C. Boom spools in neutral position.
1.) As the boom spools come back to centered position a pressure drop
is created between surface area D1 and surface area D2. Since
there is no oil flowing from the boom spools the logic cartridge will be
seated.
2.) Oil is now trapped between the cylinder and the logic cartridge.
Surface area D1 remains full of oil due to the orifice. The pressure
on the back side of the logic cartridge keeps it seated against the
housing. Therefore, no oil can leak past the cartridge.
43 2028713G
Tank Pilot
Boom Cylinder Port
To Boom 1
Spool Hatk824
D. Boom Down operation
1.) When the joystick is actuated to bring the boom down, a pilot signal
shifts the boom 1 spool and a pilot signal is sent to the boom holding
valve.
2.) The pilot signal at the boom holding valve will shift the pilot spool
towards the right. This will allow oil on the back side of the logic
cartridge to drain back to tank destroying the pressure differential. As
the logic cartridge shifts oil from the base of the boom cylinder can
drain to tank via the boom 1 spool.
2028-7132G 44
E. Boom Holding Valve Hydraulic Circuit
1.) Boom Down Signal=Xab1

2.) Boom Up Signal=XBb1
3.) Pilot Signal=Pi
4.) Holding Valve Drain=Dr1
45 2028713G
10. ARM HOLDING (LOCK) VALVE
A. The arm cylinder is most likely to drift out of all three cylinder circuits.
When there is a load at the end of the arm oil can leak past the interval of
spool and the case of the control valve. An arm holding valve has been
incorporated to keep the arm from difting. List below are the following
components that will be discussed in the next few pages.
1.) Arm 1 spool.

2.) Logic Cartridge.
3.) Logic Cartridge return spring.
4.) Directional Valve (2 postion/2way valve).
5. Pilot spool.
6.) Directional valve sleeve.
7.) Pilot signal port.
8.) Internal tank drain.
9.) Arm cylinder.
2028-7132G 46
B. Arm Dump Operation.
1.) As the arm spools are shifted, flow enters into the holding valve (Area
D1). The logic cartridge can be easily shifted as oil pressure
overcomes the spring tension. When the logic cartridge shifts up flow
will exit the holding valve and begin to retract the arm cylinder. High-
pressure oil can also enter into the backside of the logic cartridge
(Area D2) through the orifices. Both pressures will equalize allowing
the logic cartridge to stay shifted to the open position.
47 2028713G
C. Operation of arm spools in their neutral position.
1.) As the arm spools come back to centered position a pressure drop is
created between surface area D1 and surface area D2. Since there
is no oil flowing from the arm spools the logic cartridge will be seated.
2.) Oil is now trapped between the cylinder and the logic cartridge.
Surface area D1 remains full of oil due to the orifice. The pressure
on the back side of the logic cartridge keeps it seated against the
housing. Therefore, no oil can leak past the cartridge back across.
2028-7132G 48
D. Arm Crowd operation
1.) When the joystick is actuated to crowd the arm (extend arm cylinder),
a pilot signal shifts the arm 1 and arm 2 spools and a pilot signal is
sent to the arm holding valve.
2.) The pilot signal at the arm holding valve will shift the pilot spool
towards the right. This movement will internally shift the directional
valve. By shifting the directional valve this will allow oil on the back
side of the logic cartridge to drain back to tank destroying the
pressure differential between D1 area and D2 area. As the logic
cartridge shifts, oil from the rod side of the arm cylinder can drain to
tank via the arm 1 spool.
49 2028713G
E. Arm Holding Valve Circuit
1.) Signal PAL: Present when boom, arm, bucket, swing functions are
acuated.
2.) Xaa1: Arm Crowd.
3.) Xba1: Arm Dump.
2028-7132G 50
TECHNICAL TRAINING TEXT
SPECIFICATION NOTES:

Control Valve Dx28 Solar III 20287132g

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Control Valve Dx28 Solar III 20287132g

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Technical Training Text

SOLAR SERIES III

The DX control valve is the main means by which

18. NEGACON (FOOT RELIEF) VALVE 21. PX PILOT SIGNAL PORT

10. ARM – 2 SPOOL 26. BOOM UP O.L.R.V.

2. MAIN RELIEF VALVE 9. ARM HOLDING VALVE

Pilot operated 2 postion, 2 way

Pilot operated 2 position, Pilot operated 2 postion,

Stroke limiter, piston

1.) Negacon relief valve is cartridge assembly comprised of a common

1.) Basic Travel Circuit

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 )( BOOM1 Work Port B

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

REAR PUMP FRONT PUMP

1.) Boom priority composition

1.) The swing priority manifold can be broken down as follows:

a.) Joystick pressure

SWING DIAL MIN

REAR PUMP CONNECTION WITH ARM 1, BOOM2

SWING DIAL MAX

REAR PUMP CONNECTION WITH ARM 1, BOOM2

STRAIGHT TRAVEL SPOOL

Pa L xAk2 Fl Ck1 Dr3 Fr

BOOM2 CCb )( BOOM1

REAR PUMP FRONT PUMP

1.) Main poppet.

SERIES III DX-22 DX-28

Main 300 kg/cm² 300 kg/cm²

Pressure Up 320 kg/cm² 320 kg/cm²

C. Normal Operation (no pilot signal)

D. Pressure Up Operation (pilot signal activated)

1.) Main poppet.

B. Overload Protection Theory

C. Make-up Oil Protection Theory.

1.) Main housing.

C. Boom spools in neutral position.

Boom Cylinder Port

D. Boom Down operation

1.) Boom Down Signal=Xab1

1.) Arm 1 spool.

B. Arm Dump Operation.

C. Operation of arm spools in their neutral position.

D. Arm Crowd operation

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