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Order WINKS Now These WINKS statistics tutorials explain the use and interpretation Statistical Software
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of standard statistical analysis techniques for Medical, Affordable.
Pharmaceutical, Clinical Trials, Marketing or Scientific Research. The Data analysis software
examples include how-to instructions for WINKS SDA Version 6.0 that's easy to use.
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Data Generator G enerate data sets with
continuous, categorical, grouped and correlated data.
Great for creating data sets for examples and for
quality assurance testing. Data sets are created in
standard .CSV format so they can be opened in most Friedman's Test
statistical programs such as SAS, SPSS, WINKS and (Non-Parametric Repeated Measures Comparisons)
into spreadsheet programs such as Microsoft Excel.
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Definition: A non-parametric test (distribution-free) used to compare
observations repeated on the same subjects. This is also called a non-parametric
randomized black analysis of variance.
Test: The hypotheses for the comparison across repeated measures are:
Notice that the hypothesis makes no assumptions about the distribution of the
populations. These hypotheses could also be expressed as comparing mean ranks
across measures.
The test statistic for the Friedman's test is a Chi-square with a-1 degrees of
freedom, where a is the number of repeated measures. When the p-value for this
test is small (usually <0.05) you have evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
Five people were given four different drugs (in random order) and with a washout
period. Reaction time to a test was measured. The data are in the file DRUG.DBF.
The output is:
Friedman's Test for Repeated Measures
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Friedman's Test with multiple comparisons tutorial 3/3/11 2:56 AM
Critical q
Tukey Multiple Comp. Difference Q (.05)
----------------------------------------------------------------
Rank(4)-Rank(3) = 15.0 5.196 3.63 *
Rank(4)-Rank(2) = 8.0 2.771 3.63
Rank(4)-Rank(1) = 7.0 (Do not test)
Rank(1)-Rank(3) = 8.0 2.771 3.63
Rank(1)-Rank(2) = 1.0 (Do not test)
Rank(2)-Rank(3) = 7.0 (Do not test)
Gp 1 refers to DRUG1
Gp 2 refers to DRUG2
Gp 3 refers to DRUG3
Gp 4 refers to DRUG4
Gp Gp Gp Gp
3 2 1 4
--------
--------
This analysis indicates that there is a difference in reaction times across drugs with
p < 0.01. In this case, the multiple comparisons indicate (at the 0.05 significance
level) that the reaction time for drug 3 was shorter than from drug 4. However, it
was not shown to be significantly shorter than the time for drugs 2 or 1. Note that
the p-value for the Chi-square test is reported even though the sample size is
small. In this case, the tabled value agrees with the Chi-square value. However,
the p-value becomes less accurate for small values as indicated in the note above.
Six welders with different expertise were asked to weld two pipes together using 5
different welding torches. Torches were used in random order for each welder.
Finished pipes were measured on a variety of quality factors, and rated from 1 to
10, where 10 represents a perfect weld. The data are:
1. Perform a Friedman's test on this data. From the results, can you select a torch
that you believe is the "best" of the 5 when measured on this test?
2. Perform the test using parametric methods, and compare the difference.
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