PLC BASED ELEVATOR

CONTROL SYSTEM
Adama Science and Technology

University

PROJECT FOR THE COURSE SEMESTER PROJECT- II

Group Members
1. Melaku Zewdu
2. Nathan Tarekegn
3. Rebira Guddisa
4. Yewhalaeshet Zeleke
5. Feleku Mulu

February 3 /2013
 Abstract
• PLC (programmable Logic Controller) based digital control system for
elevator.
• four floored building
• PLC program can be easily extended to any number of floors.
• not just user control, but total system control and override from a
computer system for security, emergency and other purposes, an HMI
(human machine interface).
• HMI is understandable and easy to operate by non-technical staff.
• It has all the advantages of a digital system.
 Acknowledgement
We want to thank:
• Our department
• Instructor Zemenfes
• People who gave us PLC course
 Chapter I
Introduction
Background and significance of the project
• Inputs (to the PLC):
• User Interface: push-buttons inside and outside elevator door
• Sensors: elevator position, overweight, door-block
• HMI: on a computer, inside a control/security room
• 17 input pins used (I0.0 to I2.0)
• Outputs (from the PLC):
• User interface: LED indicators, speaker
• Actuators: contactors
• 10 output pins used (Q0.0 to Q1.1)
Background and significance of the project (cont.)
Elevator user interface
Background and significance of the project (cont.)
Advantages of the human machine interface include:
• total system control and override from a computer system for security,
emergency and other purposes.
• disable the elevator control buttons in times of power shortage.
• in a hospital where the elevator should be able to be sent to some floor
without interruptions from other users
• Overweight sensor sends signal, in addition to the user, to controller/security
person on the HMI so he can take action.
• User can send emergency call in times of difficulty
Background and significance of the project (cont.)
• elevator goes in one direction until all the callers in that direction are
served or it has reached the last floor.
• Reversing elevator direction unnecessarily is thought to kill extra
power and time.
 Objectives
General objectives:
• The system can perfectly process the input it gets from the user and HMI.
• Input from the controller (HMI) overrides input from user.
• The elevator transportation will be managed efficiently.
• There will be real time inspection of the system from a personal computer (HMI).
• The system works fine even if the HMI software is disconnected

Specific objectives:
• The system will have minimum power requirements and will be compact.
• The human machine interface will be clear and easy enough to be managed by
non-professionals.
 Statement of the Problem
• absence of HMI in the control of elevator systems.
• HMI is needed in situations where control of elevator is very
important, mainly for security reasons.
• where a large number of people may try to use the elevator
simultaneously, and when the elevator cannot hold the weight, and
further action by security people is needed.
• need for the elevator on some floor in an emergency, such as in a
hospital.
 Scope of the Project
• focuses on the PLC code and HMI of an elevator system
• four floor building
• not get deeply into the mechanical components of the elevator
system such as the motors.
• Hardware not tested
 Chapter II
Literature Review
• PLCs capable of performing the same tasks as hard-wired control.
• But hard-wiring, though still required to connect field devices, is less
intensive.
• additional advantages of PLCs:
• Smaller physical size
• Easier and faster to make changes (a few wire connections)
• have integrated diagnostics and override functions
• Diagnostics are centrally available
• Applications can be immediately documented
• Applications can be duplicated faster and less expensively
 Literature Review (cont.)
• A user interface is the system by which users interact with a machine.
It provides a means of:
• Input, allowing the users to manipulate a system
• Output, allowing the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation
• A human-machine interface (HMI) is usually employed as user
interface. A simple system may use buttons and lights to interact with
the user. Text displays are available as well as graphical touch screens.
• HMI is the space where interaction between humans and machines
occurs.
 Literature Review (cont.)

• Input Scan: Detects the state of all input devices that are
connected to the PLC
• Program Scan: Executes the user created program logic.
• Output Scan: Energizes or de-energize all output devices that are
connected to the PLC.
• Housekeeping: This step includes communications with
programming terminals, internal Diagnostics etc...
 Chapter III
Methodology
List of software we used:
• SIMATIC Step 7 as our PLC: we used ladder logic programming language
• S7-PLCSIM as our PLC hardware simulator
• SIMATIC WinCC flexible for HMI
 Chapter IV
Design and Implementation
• Input devices: 11 push button and 6 sensors
Push-button and sensor

Fig: input circuitry

• We also used memory bits from M 0.0 (memory byte zero – bit zero)
to M 0.6 (memory byte zero – bit six). They are used to store memory
for various purposes in the program.
Design and Implementation (cont.)
Name address
gotoF1pb I 0.0
gotoF2pb I 0.1
gotoF3pb I 0.2
gotoF4pb I 0.3
call4Fpb I 0.4
call3Fpb I 0.5
call2Fpb I 0.6
call1Fpb I 0.7
manualDooropen I 1.0
manualDoorClose I 1.1
sensorF1 I 1.2
sensorF2 I 1.3
sensorF3 I 1.4
sensorF4 I 1.5
emergencyCall I 1.6
weightSensor I 1.7
doorBlocksensor I 2.0

Table: List of input pins

Design and Implementation (cont.)
• Output devices: 28 indicators, 4 contactors, and one speaker.
Design and Implementation (cont.)
Design and Implementation (cont.)
Implementation
Implementation (cont.)
Implementation (cont.)
 Testing the PLC Ladder Logic
• using the S7-PLCSIM software
• Input are simulated by ticking checkboxes
 Design of HMI
Using Simatic WINCC flexible.
• Input: 12 buttons
• Output: 14 buttons (indicators)
 Conclusions
• Both the PLC by itself, and the HMI with the PLC have been simulated
and they worked as expected.
• We did not build the actual hardware, but only the PLC software and
HMI.
 Recommendations
• improve the HMI to be animated.
• include the electro-mechanical components such as motors in the
design.
• Project can be implemented with switches in place of sensors if they
are not available.