M A S Y - Syllabus-English

Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada
University, Nanded
SYLLABUS
ENGLISH
Syllabus of M.A. Second Year
With Effect from June 2009

M. A. ENGLISH – II from JUNE – 2009
Paper Semester III Paper Semester IV

no. no.
09 Aesthetics 13 Critical Theory
10 A)Comedy 14 A)Epics of the World
B)Popular Literature B)Nobel Laureates
C)Classics in World Literature C) Tragedy
11 A)Indian Diaspora Writing 15 A)Indian Writing in English
B)Principles and Methods of B)Applied Linguistics
Teaching English C)Mythological Literature
C)Indian Literature in
Translation
12 A)Survey of American Literature 16 A)Multi-Ethnic American Literature
B)Women’s Studies B)Literatures of Canada, Australia,& New
C)African Literature Zealand
C) Translation Studies
COURSE NO.09 -AESTHETICS
Rationale
Aesthetics, a sub discipline of Axiology (a branch of philosophy), is closely associated with

the philosophy of art. Scholars in the field define it as "critical reflection on art, culture and
nature”. This course addresses key critical philosophies both from the tradition of Indian
Aesthetics and Western aesthetics from the ancient times to the present. Areas studied
include the aesthetic theories of selected Indian and Western scholars. It offers a survey of
ideas about beauty and related concepts, questions about the value of aesthetic experience and
the variety of aesthetic attitudes. The course aims at providing a broad idea of some of the
basic Aesthetic concepts so as to prepare the learner to understand Literary Critical theories
in a better way for the comprehensive appreciation of literary texts.
Course contents
UNIT I
A. Plotinus: a) On Beauty, b) On the Intellectual Beauty
(from Ennead I.6 and V.8 )
B. Immanuel Kant: a) Analytic of the Beautiful, b) Analytic of the Sublime
(from Critique of Judgement: Critique of the Aesthetic Judgement
-Part1: Book I and II)
UNIT II
A. Hegel: Symbolic Form of Art (from Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics)
B. Benedetto Croce: a) Aesthetic feelings and the Distinction between the Ugly
and the Beautiful b) Critique of Aesthetic Hedonism (from Aesthetic as Science of
Expression and General Linguistic)
UNIT III
A. Bharatmuni: on Natya and Rasa: Aesthetics of Dramatic experience (from the
Natyasastra trans.by G.K.Bhatt)
B. Anandavardhana: Dhvani: Structure of Poetic Meaning (from Dhvanyaloka trans.
by K. Krishnamoorthy)
UNIT IV
A. Kuntaka: Language of Poetry and Metaphor (from the Vakrokti-jivita trans by
K. Krishnamoorthy)
B. Abhinavgupta: On Santarasa: Aesthetic Equipoise (from the Abhinavabharati
trans by J. L. Masson and M. V. Patwardhan)
UNIT V
A. B. S. Mardhekar: Poetry and Aesthetic Theory (from Arts and Man)
B. R. B. Patankar: Aesthetics: Some Important Problems
Prescribed Texts
1. Plotinus. The Enneads Translated by Stephen MacKenna. New York: Penguin Classics,
1991
2. Kant, I. The Critique of the Power of Judgement. Translated by P. Guyer and E. Matthews.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
3. Hegel, G. W. F. Aesthetics: Lectures on Fine Art. Translated by T. M. Knox. Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1975.
4. Croce, B. Aesthetic as the Science of Expression and of the Linguistic in General.

Translated by Colin Lyas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 5. 5.Devy,
G.N.(ed.) Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation Pub. Orient Longman, 2002.
(for Units III, IV ,V)
Recommended Reading
Abhinavagupta. The Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta. Ed. and trans.

Raniero Gnoli. 2nd ed. Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series, 1968.
Amaladass, Anand. Philosophical Implications of Dhvani: Experience of Symbol Language

in Indian Aesthetics. Vienna: De Nobili Research, 1984.
Anandavardhana. The Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana with the Locana of Abhinavagupta.

Trans. Daniel Ingalls, Jeffrey Masson, and M. V. Patwardhan. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1990.
Bharata-muni. The Natyasastra. Trans. Manomohan Ghosh. Calcutta: Manisha Granthalaya,

1967.
Bhaskar, Roy. Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy.

London: Verso, 1989.
Carroll, N. Philosophy of Art: A Contemporary Introduction. London: Routledge, 1999.
Choudhary, Satya Dev. Glimpses of Indian Poetics. Delhi: Sahitya Akademi 2002.
De, S. K., Gerow, Edwin: Sanskrit Poetics as a Study of Aesthetic, University of California
Press, 1963.
Collingwood, R.G., The Principles of Art, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1958.
Dickie, G., Art and the Aesthetic: An Institutional Analysis, Cornell University Press, Ithaca,
1974.
Eagleton, T., The Ideology of the Aesthetic, Blackwell, Oxford, 1990.
Gerow, Edwin. Indian Poetics. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1977.
Hogan, Patrick Colm. On Interpretation: Meaning and Inference in Law, Psychoanalysis,

and literature. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1995.
Kelly, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.
Kemal, S. Kant's Aesthetic Theory: An Introduction. London: Macmillan. 1997.

Levinson, J. ed. The Oxford Handbook of Aesthetics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003.
Lyas, C. Aesthetics. London: UCL Press, 1997
Manns, J.W., Aesthetics, M.E.Sharpe, Armonk, 1998.
Pandit, B. N. Essence of the Exact Reality or Paramarthasara of Abhinavagupta. Delhi:

Munshiram Manoharlal, 1991.
Wolterstorff, N., Works and Worlds of Art, Clarendon, Oxford, 1980.
Internet Resources
American Society for Aesthetics: Aesthetics On-line: www.aesthetics-online.org/
The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: www.iep.utm.edu/
Project Gutenberg: www.gutenberg.org/
Christian Classic Ethereal Library: www.ccel.org/
Question Paper Pattern
Question 1. Descriptive answer question on unit 1 with internal choice-16 marks

COURSE NO.10 A -COMEDY
Rationale
Comedy, since ancient times, has been written not only to entertain or arouse laughter, but
often to criticize aspects of society and human follies. Comedy often asks its readers and
viewers to look at the world with a critical eye and to understand what is wrong.
Reading comedy from a particular time period can be a way to study what was going on in
society during that point in history and to examine societies carefully. This course considers
comedy as a genre and as a tradition in drama. It can give an insight into a pattern of
transgression against social norms corrected and reordered through laughter, a fascination
with the possibilities and limits of verbal play and wit, a concern with identity and mistaken
identity, an opportunity for political protest and reform. The course includes texts from the
classical, medieval, renaissance, and modern periods as well as some key texts in the theory
of comedy for understanding the history of comedy and the relationship of the critical essays
to the literary works.
Course contents
UNIT I Theory
A. Essay on Comedy: George Meredith
B. Laughter: Henri Bergson
(From Comedy, Wylie Sypher, ed. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University
Press, 1956.Reprint 1980)
UNIT II
A. The Clouds: Aristophanes
B. Casina: Plautus
UNIT III
A. Mricchakatika: Shudraka
B. The Farce of Master Pierre Pathelin: Anonymous
UNIT IV
A. Epicoene (The Silent Woman): Ben Jonson
B. The Miser: Moliere
UNIT V
A. The Bear: Anton Chekhov
B. The Threepenny Opera: Bertolt Brecht
Recommended Reading
Alden, Raymond MacDonald. The Rise of Formal Satire in England under Classical
Influence. New York, NY: Archon, 1961.
Allen, Charles A., and George D. Stephens, eds. Satire: Theory and Practice. Belmont:
Wadsworth, 1962.
Calder, Molière: The Theory and Practice of Comedy. Athlone: Continuum International
Publishing Group, 1996.
Callow, Philip. Chekhov: The Hidden Ground .London: Constable, 1998.
Ehre, Milton. Notes for the Theater of Nikolay Gogol. University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Freud,Sigmund Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious [1905], tr. J. Strachey . Penguin
Freud Library, vol. 6, 1960.
Freud,Sigmund ‘Humour’ [1927], tr. J. Strachey .Penguin Freud Library, vol. 14, ‘Art and
Literature’, 1961.
Fusso, Susanne. Essays on Gogol: Logos and the Russian Word. Northwestern University
Press, 1994
Kierkegaard, Søren The Concept of Irony. Indiana University Press 1971.
L. Golden, Aristotle on Tragic and Comic Mimesis OUP USA, 1992.
M. Charney, Comedy High and Low. OUP, 1978.
M. T. Herrick, Comic Theory in the Sixteenth Century. University of Illinois Press, 1950.
Marteinson, Peter. On the Problem of the Comic: A Philosophical Study on the Origins of
Laughter, Legas Press, Ottawa, 2006.
Morreall, John . Philosophy of Laughter and Humor (SUNY Series in Philosophy) State
University of New York Press, 1986.
S. Critchley, On Humour. Routledge, 2002.
W. Nash, The Language of Humour. Longman, 1985.
Worcester, David. The Art of Satire. NY: Norton, 1969.
Internet Resources
Project Gutenberg: www.gutenberg.org/
www.endnotes/com.

COURSE NO.10 B POPULAR LITERATURE
Rationale
The study of popular literature has attracted the close and sustained attention of critics
especially after the rise of Postmodernism. Popular literature had often remained neglected as
a topic of scholarly interest. However, in recent years novels and stories of various genres,
including detective fiction, mysteries, thrillers, romances, westerns, fantasies, science fiction,
and the like—works rapidly consumed by a huge reading public around the world since the
debut of the paperback in the late 1930s—have been increasingly scrutinized by academics
using the tools and techniques of literary criticism. As a result, scholars have produced
studies on the works of popular authors citing the merit of their writings as literature and as
cultural documents. While many critics still denigrate works of this type as simple
entertainment, "escapist" fiction, marred by formulaic narratives, superficiality, and
sensationalism, some adherents of modem literary theory have challenged the accepted
notions of what constitutes serious literature. In addition, there are scholars who have opted
to dismantle the barriers between elite and popular culture in order to understand both more
fully. Thus, new strategies are being formulated to draw all modes of literature together in the
study of cultural history, both in the past and in its most contemporary manifestations. The
present course for study has some of the most popular texts from the world as well as from
India. The course attempts to introduce the student to the theory of popular culture and
literature and the practice of applying this theory to diverse genres of literature.
Course Contents
UNIT I
Theory: A. The High culture/Popular culture Debate
B. The theory of popular literature
Prescribed text: Literary into Cultural Studies by Anthony Easthope. London and
New York. Routledge,
UNIT II
A. Self Help/Spiritual-The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari: Robin Sharma
B. Science Fiction-2001: A Space Odyssey: Arthur C. Clarke
UNIT III
A. Fantasy-The Lord of the Rings (Part I: The Fellowship of the Rings): J. R. R.
Tolkien
B. Gothic/Horror- Dracula: Bram Stoker
UNIT IV
A. Detective- The Hound of the Baskervilles: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
B. Thriller - Jurassic Park: Michael Crichton
UNIT V
A. Worldwide Popular Classic-Gone With The Wind: Margaret Mitchell
B. Indian Popular Classic -Chandrakanta: Devaki Nandan Khatri
Recommended Reading
Austen, James C. and Donald A. Koch (eds.).Popular Literature in America: A Symposium in

Honor of Lyon N. Richardson. Bowling Green, Ohio Bowling Green Univ. Popular Press,
1972.
Bercovitch, Sacran (ed.). Joyce, Bakhtin and Popular Culture :Chronicles of Disorder. New
York: Routledge, 2005.
Cawleti, John G.(ed.) Adventure, Mystery, and Romance: Formula Stories as Art and
Popular Culture. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976.
Fiedler, Leslie. What was Literature. New York: Simon and Schuster 1982.
Freccero, Carla. Popular Culture: An Introduction. New York: N Y U Press.1999.
Gelder, Ken. Popular Fiction: The Logics and Practices of a Literary Field. New York:
Routledge, 2005.
Hassabian, Anahid. "Popular", Key Terms in Popular Music and Culture, eds.: Horner, Bruce
and Swiss, Thomas. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers 1999.
Hayes, Tom. The Birth of Popular Culture. Duquene University Press: Pittsburgh, 1992.
Hoppenstand Gary,et al (eds.). Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Popular Culture.

Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008.
Storey, John. Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: An Introduction. University of Georgia
Press, 2006.
Strinati, Dominic. An Introduction to the Theories of Popular Culture. Routledge, 1995.
Internet Resources
Popular Culture: Resources for Critical Analysis: http://www.wsu.edu/~amerstu/pop/

Popular Culture: http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/popculture/
University of Iowa: www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/POP-Culture.html
Springer Link: www.springerlink.com
Rock Internet Resources: www.rockinternetresources.com
Bowling Green State University: www.bgsu.edu/departments/popc/

COURSE NO.10 C CLASSICS IN WORLD LITERATURE
Rationale
Great works of literature have an everlasting appeal because they integrate themes that are
understood by readers from a wide range of backgrounds and levels of experience. Themes of
love, hate, death, life, and faith touch upon some of our most basic emotional responses. A
classic in literature is that work which has stood the test of time. The work is usually
considered to be a representation of the period in which it was written; and the work merits
lasting recognition. A classic has a certain universal appeal; it usually expresses some artistic
quality--an expression of life, truth, and beauty. This course has prescribed some of the
greatest works of literature from diverse parts of the world so that the student can discover
the elements of universal appeal and detect how the classic conveys universal truth.
UNIT I
THEORY A. What is a Classic: Charles Augustine Sainte-Beauve
B. What is a Classic: T. S. Eliot
UNIT II
PROSE A. Discourses (Book IV): Epictetus
B. Prince (BooksXV to XXIII): Machiavelli
UNIT III
POETRY A. The Aeneid (Book II): Virgil
B. Inferno (Cantos III & IV): Dante
UNIT IV
DRAMA A. Abhijnanasakuntalam: Kalidasa
B. Bacchae: Euripides
UNIT V
FICTION A. Candide: Voltaire
B. The Tale of Genji: Murasaki Shikibu
Prescribed Texts
Epictetus, Robert Dobbin (trans.), Discourses and Selected Writings, Penguin Classics,
2008.or Literary and Philosophical Essays. Vol. XXXII. The Harvard Classics. New York:
P.F. Collier & Son, 1909–14; Bartleby.com, 2001. (For Unit I. A)
Selected Prose of T.S. Eliot Editor, Frank Kermode. New York: Harvest Books, 1975 (For
Unit I. B)
Recommended Reading
Aldridge, Alfred Owen. Voltaire and the Century of Light. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton
University Press, 1975.
Ayer, A. J. Voltaire. New York City: Random House, 1986.
Long, A.A. Epictetus: A Stoic and Socratic Guide to Life. London: OUP, 2002.
Mansfield, Harvey Claflin Machiavelli's Virtue University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1998.
Michael C. J. Putnam. Virgil's Aeneid: Interpretation and Influence .University of North
Carolina Press, 1995
Miller,B.S. The Plays of Kalidas. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 2009.
Puette, William J. The Tale of Gengi: A Reader’s Guide. Boston: Tuttle Publishing, 2004
Raffa, Guy P. Danteworlds: A Reader's Guide to the Inferno. Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1995.
Rehm, Rush. Greek Tragic Theatre. Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New York:
Routledge, 1992
Shirane, Haruo. The Bridge of Dreams: A Poetics of `The Tale of Genji Stanford University
Press, 1988.
Stephens, W.O. Epictetus and Happiness as Freedom. London: OUP, 2007.
Strauss, Leo. Thoughts on Machiavelli. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995
Tate, Allen, editor. T. S. Eliot: The Man and His Work, First published in 1966 –
republished by Penguin 1971
Xenakis, J. Epictetus: Philosopher-Therapist. The Hague: E.J. Brill, 1969.
Internet Sources
Ancient Greek Online library: www.greektexts.com
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: www.iep.utm.edu
The Tale of Gengi: www.taleofgenji.org
Internet Sacred Text Archive: www.sacred-texts.com

COURSE NO.11 A –INDIAN DIASPORA WRITING
Rationale
The Indian Diaspora has been increasingly attaining self-apprehension and self-expression in
the past two decades. An important economic force today, it has become more mobile and
cohesive than ever before. The access of all the scattered peoples of Indian origin to India, the
motherland, has also increased dramatically. Therefore it has gained significance both in the
host country and the homeland. This course attempts to situate the portrayal of India, Indian
culture, and the various political social, historical, religious movements in and outside India
by the diasporic writers from India or of Indian origin. The topics and texts prescribed in this
course essentially illustrate the kind of discourse that permeates the writings of the people of
Indian origin in their works.
UNIT I
Theory/Background
A. Theories of Indian Diaspora
(from In Diaspora - Theories, Histories, Texts by Makarand Paranjape, Delhi, Indialog
Publications)
B. Major issues pertaining to the Indian Diaspora: Culture
(from the Report of the Government of India High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora,
Part IV accessible at http://www.indiandiaspora.nic.in/pressrelease.htm)
UNIT II
Non-fiction/Prose
A. Imaginary Homelands: Sulman Rushdie (Publisher: Penguin) selections: Imaginary
Homelands, Commonwealth Literature Does Not Exist, Outside the Whale, The New Empire
within Britain, Home Front
B. The Middle Passage: Impressions of Five Societies - British, French and Dutch in the
West Indies and South America: V. S. Naipul (Publisher: Pan Books Ltd)
UNIT III
Fiction
A. Tales From Firozsha Baag: Rohinton Mistry (Publisher: Penguin India)
B. Jasmine: Bharati Mukherjee (Publisher: Grove Press)
UNIT IV
Poetry
A. All You Who Sleep Tonight: Vikram Seth (Publisher: Vintage) the poems- In Other Places
:Hill Dawn, Suzhou Park, Night in Jiangning, Lion Grove, Suzhou, Tourists, Qingdao:
December, The Monk at Han Shan Temple, On the Fiftieth Anniversary of the Golden Gate
Bridge, The Scent of Sage and Bay
B. Raw Silk: Meena Alexander (Publisher: Triquarterly) the poems Raw Silk, Letters to
Gandhi)
UNIT V
Drama
A. Sons Must Die: Uma Paramesvaran (Publisher: Prestige)
B. Counter Offence: Rahul Varma (Publisher: Playwrights Canada Press)
Recommended Reading
Aciman, Andre (Ed.) Letters of Transit: Reflections on Exile, Identity, Language and Loss.
New York: The New York Press, 1997.
Arasaratnam, Sinnappah. Indians In Malaysia and Singapore. Kuala Lumpur: OUP, 1979.
Archer, Margaret. Culture and Agency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.
Birbalsing, Frank. (Ed.). Indenture & Exile. Toronto: TSAR, 1989.
Clifford Geertz: The Interpretation of Culture. London: Methuen, 1975.
Dhindsa, S.K. Indian Immigrants in United Kingdom: A Socio-Economic Analysis. New

Delhi: Concept Publications, 1998.
Dubey, Ajay. Indian Diaspora: Global Identity. New Delhi: Kalinga Publications, 2003.
Frow, John. Cultural Studies and Cultural Value. London: OUP, 1985.
Geoffrey Hartman. The Fateful Question of Culture. New York: Grove Press, 1997.
Hall, Stuart. The State and Popular Culture. London: Milton Keynes, 1982.
Heater, Benjamin Derek. World Citizenship New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 2002.
Jain, Prakash C. Indians in South Africa: Political Economy of Race – Relations. New Delhi:
Kalinga Publications, 1999.
Jaypalan, N. Foreign Policy in India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 2000.
Khandelwal, Madhulika S. Becoming American, Being Indian, Ithaca and London: Cornell
Lal, Deepak. Unfinished Business: India in the World Economy. New Delhi: OUP
Lal, Brij. Peter Reeves; Rajesh Pai. The encyclopedia of the Indian Diaspora. Singapore:
National University. 2006
Motwani, Jagat. America and India: In A Give & Take Relationship. New York: Centre for
African and Caribbean Studies, 2003.
Nile, Richard (Ed.). Australian Civilization. Melbourne: OUP, 1994.
Raymond, Williams. Culture and Society. UK: Penguin, 1958.
Rukmani, T. S. (Ed.). Hindu Diaspora: Global Perspectives. New Delhi: Munsilal

Manoharlal Publishers, 2001.
Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1993.

Said, Edward. Orientalism, Penguin and London: Vintage, 1978.
Sarva Daman Singh and Mahavir Singh, Indians Abroad. Kolkata: Maulana Abul Kalam
Institute of Asian Studies, 2003.
Sharma, Kavita A. The Ongoing Journey: Indian Migration to Canada. New Delhi: Creative
Books, 1997.
Sharma, Kavita, Adesh Pal & Tapas Chakrabarti. Theorizing and Critiquing Indian Diaspora.
New Delhi: Creative Books, 2004.
------------------ Interpreting Indian Diasporic Experience. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2004.
------------------ Critiquing Nationalism, Transnationalism and Indian Diaspora. New Delhi:
Creative Books, 2006.
------------------ Contextualizing Nationalism, Transnationalism and Indian Diaspora. New
Delhi: Creative Books, 2006.
Sheffer, Gabriel. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press, 2003.
Sheth, Pravin. Indians in America, New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 2001.
Shukla, Vatsala. India’s Foreign Policy in the New Millennium. New Delhi: Atlantic
Publishers, 2005.
Singh Bahadur, I. J. Indians in the Caribbean. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers, 1987.
Vertovec, Steven. Hindu Trinidad: Religion, Ethnicity and Socio-Economic Change. London:
Macmillan, 1992.
------------- The Hindu Diaspora: Comparative Patterns. London, New York: Routledge,
2000.
Vohra, N. N. (Ed.) India And Australasia: History, Culture and Society. New Delhi: Shipra
Publications, 2004.
Walker, David. Anxious Nations: Australia and the Rise of Asia 1850 – 1939. Queens land:
University of Queens land Press, 1999.
Internet Resources
The Indian Diaspora: http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/
Manas, the Indian diaspora: www.sscnet.ucla.edu/southasia/Diaspora/diaspora.html
Govt. of India site: http://india.gov.in/overseas/diaspora/nri.php
SASIALIT: Literature of South Asia and the Indian diaspora: sasialit.org

COURSE NO 11 B -PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH
Rationale
The English language, with its status as an associate official/second language in India, has
proved to be a major cause in providing impetus for development in education. The
knowledge of this language has given the Indians an edge over others in the context of global
employment opportunities. Consequently, the teaching of English has become all the more
crucial as a part of curriculum. This course has the purpose of providing an orientation to the
postgraduate students in the contemporary practices of ELT which would be helpful
especially to those who plan to enter the teaching profession.
Course Contents
UNIT-I
A. The status of English in India: English as an international language/link language/library
language/associate official language, window on the world of science and technology, law
and administration, etc
B. Aims/objectives of teaching English in India in the past and present

Principles and problems of teaching English in India.
UNIT-II
A. Language acquisition process, Difference between acquisition and learning, First language
acquisition. Origin of language: Bow-vow theory, Ding-dong theory, Pooh-pooh theory, etc
Aims and objectives of learning/teaching a Second language, Aims and objectives of
learning/teaching a Foreign language
B. Theories of language learning: Behaviorist: Classical Conditioning (Pavlov); Operant

Conditioning (Skinner)
Rationalist: Nativist (Chomsky), Cognitivist (Slobin, Piaget, etc)
Krashen’s Monitor Model, Natural Order Hypothesis, Acquisition/Learning Hypothesis,
Monitor Hypothesis, Input Hypothesis, Affective Filter Hypothesis, Innatism and socio-
cultural theories of language learning/teaching.
UNIT-III
A. Approaches/Methods of English language teaching: Grammar-Translation, Direct method,
Situational, Functional, Communicative, Humanistic, Eclectic, Audio-lingual etc.
Pair work, group work, group discussion, cooperative learning etc
Teaching language through literature and teaching of literature
B. Going beyond the text-book: Text-book: implementation, alteration, adaptation and
supplementation; Enriching and expanding course book materials; strategies
Using support/authentic materials for teaching English
Task-based language learning/teaching
UNIT-IV
A. Developing language skills Listening, Speaking, Reading, Writing. Linguistic and
cognitive sub-skills involved in listening, speaking, reading, writing. Cultural knowledge and
linguistic competence, Effect on the intended audience, purpose of communication.
B. Developing study skills – using a dictionary/thesaurus, note-making, note-taking,

vocabulary building, punctuation and paragraphing, etc.
Teaching English at tertiary level and teaching English at the higher level,
Needs analysis and Materials production
UNIT-V
A. Tests and Evaluation: Criteria of a good test; validity, reliability, feasibility
Types of tests, Methods of elicitation/assessment of ability, Task-based assessment
Constructs of proficiency (e.g. Canale & Swain, 1980; Bachman, 1990)
Error analysis: The ‘Inter-language’ hypothesis; L1 interference/ the Contrastive Analysis
hypothesis, Errors of correctness/acceptability, appropriateness, intelligibility and Remedial
English
B. CALL, IT resources, A/V aids, mass/multi-media and other electronic aids for
strengthening English Language Teaching; Virtual language classrooms, Online sources for
ELT, ‘Power’ presentation, Critical pedagogy and Global networks, Intertextuality
Prescribed Texts
Brumfit, C.J.,and K.Johnson.(eds) The Communicative Approach to Language Teaching.
Oxford: OUP. 1979.
Brumfit, C.J. The Principles and Problems of English Teaching. Pergamon Institute of
English,U.K. 1984.
Fries,C.C. Teaching and Learning English as a Foreign Language. Ann Arbor: University of
Michigan Press. 1984.
Howatt,A.P.R. A History of English Language Teaching. OUP. 1985.
Littlewood, William. Communicative Language Teaching. CUP: Cambridge. 1984.
Richards, Jack, C. and Theodore S. Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language
Teaching. A Description and Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press1986.
G. Damodar, et al (eds) IT Revolution, Globalization and the Teaching of English. New
Delhi: Atlantic Publishers. 2001.
Prabhu, N. S. Second Language Pedagogy. Oxford University Press. 1987
Recommended Reading:
Allen, V. Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1983.
Anderson, A. & Lynch, T. Listening: Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1988.
Avery, P., & Ehrlich, S Teaching American English Pronunciation. Oxford: Oxford
University Press. 1992.
Baddock, B. J. Press Ahead: A teachers’ guide to the use of newspapers in English language
teaching. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. 1983.
Bailey, K. & Savage, L. New Ways in Teaching Speaking. Alexandria, VA: TESOL. 1994
Boswood, T.) New Ways of Using Computers in Language Teaching. Alexandria, VA:
TESOL. 1997.
Bowen, T & Marks, J. Inside Teaching Macmillan Heinemann ELT. 1994.
Brinton, D. & Master, P. (Eds). New Ways in Content-Based Instruction. Alexandria, VA:
TESOL. 1997.
Brookes, A. & Grundy, P. Beginning to Write. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

1999.
Bygate, M.Speaking: Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1987.
Celce-Murcia, M. & Hilles, S. Techniques and Resources in Teaching Grammar. New York:
Oxford University Press. 1988
Cheyney, A. B. Teaching Reading Skills through the Newspaper. Newark, Delaware:

International Reading Association. 1976
Collie, J. & Slater, S. Literature in the Language Classroom: A Resource Book of Ideas and
Activities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1988
Cook, G. Language Play, Language Learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000
Cook, V. Second Language: learning and language teaching. New York: Routledge,
Chapman & Hall, Inc. 1991
Cross, DLarge Classes in Action. New York: Prentice Hall. 1995.
Crystal, D. Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language Second Edition Cambridge University

Press. 1997
Dalle, T. S., & Young, L. L. Pace yourself: A handbook for ESL tutors. Alexandria, VA:
TESOL. 2003.
Davis, P. & Rinvolucri, M. Dictation: New Methods, New Possibilities. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. 1988.
Dudeney, G. The internet and the language classroom. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press. 2000.
Golebiowska, A. Getting Students to Talk. New York: Prentice Hall.1987.
Hadfield, J. & Hadfield, C. Simple listening activities. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1999.
Harmer, Jeremy. How to Teach English. Longman. 1998.

-----------Practice of English Language Teaching 2nd Edition. Longman. 2001.
Klippel, F. Keep Talking: Communicative Fluency Activities for Language Teaching.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.1983.
Larsen-Freeman, Diane. Techniques and principles in language teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford:
Oxford University Press.2000.
Maley, A. & Duff, A. The Inward Ear: Poetry in the Language Classroom. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.1989.
McCarthy, M. Vocabulary: Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1990.
Nation, P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle. 1990.
Obee, B. The grammar activity book. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1999.
Raimes, A. Techniques in Teaching Writing. New York: Oxford University Press. 1983
Scrivener, J. Learning Teaching Macmillan Heinemann ELT. 1994
Silberstein, Sandra. Techniques and resources in teaching reading. Oxford: Oxford

University Press,1994.
Taylor, L. Vocabulary in Action. New York: Prentice Hall. 1992.

Windeatt, S., Hardisty, D., & Eastment, D. The internet: Resource books for teachers.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000.
Internet Resources
British Council : http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/
The Internet TESL Journal : http://iteslj.org/
Humanizing Language Teaching : http://www.hltmag.co.uk/
Macmillan : http://www.onestopenglish.com
English online : http://www.english-online.at/index.htm
Clarity Language Consultants : http://www.clarityenglish.com/

COURSE NO 11 C - INDIAN LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
Rationale
Indian Literature has a rich and ancient tradition spreading across the numerous Indian
languages used in the diverse parts of the nation, covering almost all the literary genres.
Through ages, the literary activity has kept on flourishing, expressing the basic human
concerns as well as probing deep into serious philosophical issues. Translation of the texts
from Indian languages into English has worked as a bridge for conveying knowledge and
ideas between cultures and civilizations. Etymologically, translation is a "carrying across" or
"bringing across". The present course consists of both, traditional and modern texts that give
a reason to the reader to celebrate the rich cultural diversity of India.
Course contents:
Unit I
Theory : a)G.N.Devy: Of many Heroes: An essay in Literary Historiography.
b)Sa’adat Hasan Manto; Black Margins. Introduction
Unit II
Autobiography: a) Harivanshrai Bacchan: In the Afternoon of Time
b) Indira Goswami: An Unfinished Autobiography
Unit III
Novel : a) Prem Chand: Karmabhomi.
b) Vishram Bedekar: Battleground.
Unit IV
Drama a) Badal Sircar: Beyond the Land of Hattamala
b)Girish Karnad: Taledanda
Unit V
Poetry : a) The following poems of Kabir: (Translated by Rabindranath Tagore)
1. I (36)- Surprakas, tanh rain kahan paiye.
2. I (63)-Avadhu, maya taji na jay.
3. II (38)- Sadho, so satgur mohi Bhawai.
4. II (57)- Janh Khelat vasant rituraj.
5. II (59)-Janh, cet acet Khambh.
6. II (61) Grah Chandra tapan jot varat hai.
7. II (103) Naco re mero man, matt ahoy.
b) The following poems of Mirza Ghalib (Translated by Khushwant Singh)
1. On the Death of an Adopted Son (Laazim tha ki dekho mera rasta)
2. Lament of Old age (Dil se teri nigah jigar tak utar gayi )
3. Gazal: To be united with the beloved (Yeh na thi hamari kismet)
4. Gazal: If I found the one (Taskeen ko hum na royen)
5. Gazal: Having willingly given Away (Kisee ko deke dil)
6. Gazal: It is my heart (Dil hi to hai)
7. Gazal: A sigh of longing (Aah ko chahiye ik umr asar hone tak)
Prescribed Texts
Bacchan ,Harivanshrai: In the Afternoon of Time. Edited & Translated by Rupert Snell.New
Dehli: Penguin.2001
Bedekar, Vishram: Battleground. Pune: Popular Prakashan. (seller Landmark Limited)
Chatterji, Saratchandra: Parineeta. New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2005. (English translation)
Devy,G.N.(ed.) Indian Literary Criticism: Theory and Interpretation. Orient Longman, 2002.
Goswami ,Indira: An Unfinished Autobiography .New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.2005.
Muhammad Umar Menon Ed. Sa’adat Hasan Manto. Black Margins. OUP.New Dehli:
Katha.2001
Karnad Girish. Collected PlaysVol II.OUP USA,2005.
Singh, Khushwant.(Ed. And Trans.) Celebrating the Best of Urdu Poetry. New Delhi:
Penguin India, 2005.
Sircar,Badal. Beyond the Land of Hattamala.Calcutta: Seagull Books, 1992.
Tagore, Rabindranath. Kabir. New York: The Macmillan Company.1915. (10th edition)-2004.
Recommended reading
Bhatia,Nandi. Modern Indian Theatre, An Anthology. NY: OUP USA, 2009.
Datta Amaresh et al (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of Indian Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya
Akademi, 1996.
Dharwadker, Aparna Bhargava. Theatres Of Independence: Drama, Theory, And Urban
Performance In India Since 1947 OUP USA, 2006.
Haynes Kenneth and France,Peter. The Oxford History of Literary Translation jn English.
NY: OUP USA, 2006.
Manchi, Surat Babu. Indian Drama Today. New Delhi: Prestige Books, 1998.
Mujib,M. Ghalib. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1994.
Rai Amrit (Harish Tirvedi, translator), Premchand: A Life. People's Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1982.
Sharma, Govind Narain. Prem Chand: Novelist and Thinker, Pragati Publications, Delhi,
1999.
Swan, Robert O. Munshi Premchand of Lamhi Village, Duke University Press, 1969,
Internet Resources
Study centre for Indian Literature in English and Translation: http://www.scilet.org/
Kabir: the mystic poet http://www.boloji.com/kabir/
Literary voices of india: http://www.indiastories.org
Muse India: The Literary e-journal: http://www.museindia.com/
Indianetzone: http://www.indianetzone.com/42/translation_works_indian_literature.htm
Kavitayan Anthology of Indian Poetry in English Translation
http://www.geocities.com/kavitayan/ayyappapaniker.html

COURSE NO 12 A-SURVEY OF AMERICAN LITERATURE
Rationale
American Literature has its own distinct identity in the context of world literature in general
and the tradition of English literature in particular. This course serves as an introduction to
American Literature from the beginning to the twentieth century. It prescribes the works of
the most important of the “canon” authors as well as the history of American literature in
order to provide a comprehensive idea of the American tradition in literature.
Course Contents
UNIT I - Historical Background
1. Early American and colonial period, democratic origins and revolutionary
writers
(from the beginning to 1820)
2. The Romantic Period (1820-1860)
3. The Rise of Realism (1860-1914)
4. Modernism and Experimentation (1914-1945)
5. The Anti-tradition, Realism and Experimentation (1945-1990)
6. Contemporary American Literature
Prescribed Text: Outline of American Literature by Kathryn Van Spankeren (Revised
Edition) Published by U.S. Dept. of State, 1994
UNIT II- Prose / Non fiction

1. Walden: Henry David Thoreau
2. The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin: Benjamin Franklin
UNIT III- Fiction

1. The Last of the Mohicans: James Fenimore Cooper
2. Grapes of Wrath: John Stienbeck
UNIT IV- Poetry

1. Song of the Open Road : Walt Whitman
2. Mowing, Home Burial, After Apple Picking, West Running Brook,
Departmental: Robert Frost
UNIT V- Drama
1. Death of a Sailor: Arthur Miller
2. A Long Day’s Journey into Night: Eugene O’Neill
Recommended Reading
Blanck, Jacob, comp. Bibliography of American literature. New Haven, 1991.
Earl N. Harbert and Robert A. Rees. (eds.)Fifteen American authors before 1900;
bibliographic essays on research and criticism. Madson,1984.
Jackson R. Bryer (ed.Sixteen modern American authors; a survey of research and criticism.
Durham, N.C., 1974.
Lauter, Paul. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath,
1990.
Lentricchia, Frank and Thomas McGlaughlin. Critical Terms for Literary Study. Chicago: U
of Chicago Press, 1990.
Millwood Literary writings in America; a bibliography., N.Y., 1977. Nilon, Charles H. Rees,
Robert A. and Harbert,
Rubin, Louis D. A bibliographical guide to the study of Southern Literature. Baton Rouge,
1969.
Spiller ,Robert et al (eds)Literary history of the United States 4th ed., rev. New York, 1974.
Woodress, James. Eight American authors; a review of research and criticism. Rev. ed. New
York, 1972. R810.9 St761
Internet Resources
Scribd.com:www.scribd.com(Outline of American Literature by Kathryn Van Spankeren @

http://www.scribd.com/doc/14347869/American-Literature-outline-of)
The American Literature Library :www.americanliterature.com
PAL: Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide

An Ongoing Project http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/TABLE.html
American authors on the Web :http://www.lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/AmeLit.html
Columbia University American Literature Resources

:http://www.columbia.edu/~lmg21/bookmark.htm
Virginia University hypertexts : http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hypertex.html
Online American Literature Resources : http://college.cengage.com/english/heath/toc.html
Keele University,American studies : http://www.keele.ac.uk/depts/as/Literature/amlit.html
American Literary Scholarship

:http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_literary_scholarship/toc/als2003.1.html
American Literature on the Web: http://www.nagasaki-gaigo.ac.jp/ishikawa/amlit/index.htm
Literary Resources on the Net: http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Lit/
Hypertexts:http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/hypertex.html
Question 1: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit II: 16 marks
Question 2: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit III: 16 marks
Question 3: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit IV: 16 marks
Question 4: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit V: 16 marks
Question 5: Short Notes with internal choice (2 to be attempted out of 4 items,
each short note for 8 marks) – Unit I: 16 marks
COURSE NO.12 B-WOMEN’S STUDIES
Rationale
During the last decades of the 20th century Women’s Studies gained the status of a separate
academic discipline in many universities around the world. This is an interdisciplinary field
covering areas from diverse other subjects like history, sociology, psychology, political
science, philosophy, language and literature. The present course includes some of the basic
concepts in the Feminist thought as they developed in the western world, along with a focus
on the historical position and contemporary situation regarding women in India.
Course Contents
UNIT I A. Women in India : Ancient and Medieval Times

B.Women in India : Contemporary situation
UNIT II
A. Feminism in Ancient Philosophy : Greek Rationalism
B. Feminism in the Philosophy of Mind : Personal Identity ,Physicalism
UNIT III
A. Pioneers and Protofeminism: Medieval,Renaissance,17th century
B. Mary Wollstonecraft and Virginia Woolf
UNIT IV
A. Simone de Beauvoir and the demystification of woman
B. Feminist Theory and Psychoanalysis
UNIT V a) Feminist Ethics : The Conception of Autonomy , Moral Justification

b) Feminist Criticism and Poststructuralism
Prescribed Texts
Unit 1.a) The Vedic Woman : Shubhada Joshi, Women in medieval Indian Society:Irfan
Habib(from History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian Civilization : Vol. IX:
Colonial Period: Part 2: Women in Ancient and Medieval India/edited by D.P.
Chattopadhyaya and Bhuvan Chandel. New Delhi, Centre for Studies in Civilizations, 2009.
b ) Women in India,How Free? How Equal? : Kalyani Menon-Sen and A K Shiva Kumar.
Report commissioned by the Office of the Resident Coordinator in India,2001.@
http://www.un.org.in/wii.htm)
Unit 2 a) Feminism in ancient philosophy:The feminist stake in Greek rationalism Ch.1 by

Susan Lovibond fromThe Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy Edited by
Miranda Fricker and Jennifer Hornsby, Cambridge University Press,2000.
b) Feminism in philosophy of mind:The question of personal identity by Susan James ,

Feminism in philosophy of mind:Against physicalism by Naomi Scheman Chapters 2 &3
from fromThe Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy Edited by Miranda Fricker
and Jennifer Hornsby, Cambridge University Press,2000.
Unit 3 a) Medieval feminist criticism by Carolyn Dinshaw, Feminist criticism in the
Renaissance and seventeenth century by Helen Wilcox Chapters 1 and 2 from A History of
Feminist Literary Criticism Edited by Gill Plain and Susan Sellers Cambridge University
Press,2007.
b) Mary Wollstonecraft and her legacy by Susan Manly The feminist criticism of Virginia
Woolf by Jane Goldman Chapters 3 and 4 from A History of Feminist Literary Criticism
Edited by Gill Plain and Susan Sellers Cambridge University Press,2007.
Unit 4 a) b) Simone de Beauvoir and the demystification of woman by Elizabeth Fallaize Ch.5
from A History of Feminist Literary Criticism Edited by Gill Plain and Susan Sellers
Cambridge University Press,2007.
b) Feminism and psychoanalysis:Using Melanie Klein by Sarah Richmond Ch.4 from The
Cambridge Companion to Feminism in Philosophy Edited by Miranda Fricker and Jennifer
Hornsby, Cambridge University Press,2000.Feminist criticism and psychoanalysis by
Madelon Sprengnether Ch.13 from A History of Feminist Literary Criticism Edited by Gill
Plain and Susan Sellers Cambridge University Press,2007.
Unit 5 a) Feminism in ethics: Conceptions of autonomy by Marilyn Friedman, Feminism in

ethics:Moral justification by Alison Jaggar Chapters 11 & 12 from The Cambridge
Companion to Feminism in Philosophy Edited by Miranda Fricker and Jennifer Hornsby,
Cambridge University Press,2000.
b)Feminist criticism and poststructuralism byClaire Colebrook Ch.12 from A History of

Feminist Literary Criticism Edited by Gill Plain and Susan Sellers Cambridge University
Press,2007.
Recommended Reading
A. Garry and M. Pearsall, eds. Women, Knowledge and Reality: Explorations in Feminist
Philosophy, 2nd edition. London: Routledge, 1996.
Baier, Annette. Postures of the Mind. London: Methuen, 1985.
Bar On, B., ed. Engendering Origins: Critical Feminist Readings in Plato and Aristotle.
Albany: SUNY Press, 1994.
Bartky, Sandra Lee. Femininity and Domination: Studies in the Phenomenology of

Oppression. London: Routledge, 1990.
Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex, trans, and ed. H. M. Parshley. Harmondsworth:
Penguin Books, 1972.
Benhabib, Seyla. Situating the Self: Gender, Community and Postmodernism in

Contemporary Ethics. New York: Routledge, 1992.
Bluestone, N. H. Women and the Ideal Society: Plato's Republic and Modern Myths of
Gender. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1987.
Battersby, Christine. The Phenomenal Woman. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1998.

Braidotti, Rosi. Patterns of Dissonance. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1991.
Brennan, Teresa. The Interpretation of the Flesh: Freud and Femininity. London: Routledge,
1992.
Brennan, T. Between Feminism and Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge, 1989.
Cavarero, A. In Spite of Plato: A Feminist Rewriting of Ancient Philosophy, trans.S.
Anderlini-D'Onofrio and A. O'Healy. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995.

Chanter, Tina. Ethics of Eros: Irigaray's Rewriting of the Philosophers. London: Routledge,
1995.
Deutscher, Penelope. Yielding Gender: Feminism, Reconstruction and the History of

Philosophy. London: Routledge, 1997.
DuBois, P. Sowing the Body: Psychoanalysis and Ancient Representations of Women.

Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988.
Freeland, C. A., ed. Feminist Interpretations of Aristotle. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania
State University Press, 1998.
Gatens, Moira. Imaginary Bodies. London: Routledge, 1996.
Irigaray, Luce. An Ethics of Sexual Difference, trans. Carolyn Burke and Gillian C. Gill.
Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985.
Kristeva, J. The Kristeva Reader, ed. T. Moi. Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
Larrabee, Mary Jeanne, ed. An Ethic of Care: Feminist and InterdisciplinaryPerspectives.

New York: Routledge, 1993.
Lloyd, G. The Man of Reason: 'Male' and 'Female' in Western Philosophy. London:
Methuen, 1984.
Louise M. Antony and Charlotte Witt, eds. A Mind of One's Own. Feminist Essays on Reason
and Objectivity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1993.
Meyers, D. Tietjens, ed. Feminists Rethink the Self. Boulder, CO: Westview Press,1996.
Mitchell, J. Psychoanalysis and Feminism. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.

Moi, Toril. Simone de Beauvoir: The Making of an Intellectual Woman. Oxford:Blackwell,
1994.
Nicholson, L., ed. Feminism/Postmodernism. London: Routledge, 1990.
Oakley, Ann. Sex, Gender and Society. London: Temple Smith, 1972.
Okin, S. M. Women in Western Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press,

1979.
Saxonhouse, A. Fear of Diversity: The Birth of Political Science in Ancient GreekThought.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
Shanley, M. L. and U. Narayan, eds. Reconstructing Political Theory: FeministPerspectives.

Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997.
Tong, R. Feminist Thought: A Comprehensive Introduction. London: Routledge,1992.
Tuana, N., ed. Feminist Interpretations of Plato'. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State
Waithe, M. E., ed. A History of Women Philosophers, Vol. 1: Ancient Women Philosophers
600 BC-JOO AD. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1987.
Walker, Margaret. Moral Understandings: A Feminist Study in Ethics. New York: Routledge,
1998.
Ward, J. K., ed. Feminism and Ancient Philosophy. London: Routledge, 1996.
Weir, Alison. Sacrificial Logics: Feminist Theory and the Critique of Identity. New York:
Routledge, 1996.
Young, I. M. Justice and the Politics of Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University
Press, 1990.
Internet Resources
Internet Women’s History Sourcebook :
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/women/womensbook.html
Women’s International Center: http://www.wic.org/
Voice of the Shuttle- Women’s Studies and Feminist Theory :
http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2828#id2365
Electronic Text Center-
:http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http://etext.virginia.edu/subject
s/women.html
Oxford University Text Archive : http://ota.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/index-id.html


COURSE NO. 12 C AFRICAN LITERATURE
Rationale
The study of African Literature is gaining contemporary significance as the Africans have
been reasserting their cultural identity increasingly since the late 1990s.Modern African
culture is characterized by conflicted responses to Arab nationalism and European
imperialism. In North Africa, especially because of the rejection of the label ‘Arab’ or
‘European’, there is now an upsurge of demands for special protection of indigenous Berber
languages and culture in Morocco, Egypt, Algeria and Tunisia. The re-emergence of Pan-
Africanism since the fall of apartheid has heightened calls for a renewed sense of African
identity. In South Africa, intellectuals from settler communities of European descent
increasingly identify as African for cultural, rather than geographical or racial, reasons.
Movements viz. the African Renaissance, Afrocentrism, show resurgence in the attempts to
rediscover African traditional cultures. The present course consists of works of literature
(translated texts as well as texts written originally in English) dating from pre-colonial to
modern times, attempting to cover most of the demographic area of the continent in order to
provide an introductory idea of African Literature.
UNIT I:
A. Apartheid, Black Atlantic, Black Consciousness in South Africa
`
B. African Literary Criticism and Literary Theory, Prison Literature and War
Literature, Censorship in Africa
UNIT II
A. The Epic of Sundiata
B. Hausa Folk-lore: Maalam Shaihua
UNIT III
A. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano : Olaudah Equiano
B. Things Fall Apar: Chinua Achebe
UNIT IV
A. Death and the King's Horseman: Wole Soyinka
B. Nervous Conditions: Tsitsi Dangarembga
UNIT V
A. Song of Lawino: Okot P’Bitek
B. Cry, Beloved Country: Alan Paton
Prescribed Text
(For Unit 1): Student Encyclopedia of African Literature Edited by Douglas Killam and
Alicia L. Kerfoot. Westport, Connecticut & London: Greenwood Press, 2008.
Recommended Reading
Achebe, Chinua. Hopes and Impediments, Selected Essays, Oxford: Heinemann International,
1988.
Amadiume, Ifi. Male Daughters, Female Husbands: Gender and Sex in an African Society.
London: Zed Books, 1987.
Arndt, Susan. ed. Dynamics of African Feminism. Eritrea: Africa World Press, 2002.
Arnfred, Signe, Babere Kerata Chacha, and Amanda Gouws, eds. Gender, Activism, and
Studies in Africa. Senegal: Codesria, 2004.
Ashcroft, Bill et al The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literatures,
London: Routledge, 1989.
Balderston, D. Encyclopedia of Latin American and Caribbean Literature 1900–2003.

London: Routledge,2004.
Banham, Martin, Errol Hill, and George Woodyard, eds. The Cambridge Guide to African
and Caribbean Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Barnett, Ursula .A vision of order: A study of Black South African Literature in English,
Amherst: University of Massachusetts press, 1983.
Boehmer, Elleke. Stories of Women: Gender and Narrative in the Postcolonial Nation.
Manchester :Manchester University Press, 2005.
Bogues, Anthony. Black Heretics, Black Prophets: Radical Political Intellectuals. New York:
Routledge,2003.
Braxton, Joanne M., and Maria I. Diedrich, eds. Monuments of the Black Atlantic: Slavery
and Memory. Münster: LIT, 2004.
Carey, Brycchan, Markman Ellis, and Sara Salih, eds. Discourses of Slavery and Abolition:
Britain and Its Colonies, 1760–1838. Basingstoke, England: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2004.
Carretta, Vincent, and Philip Gould. Genius in Bondage: Literature of the Early Black
Atlantic. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001.
Chapman, Michael, Colin Gardner, and Es’kia Mphahlele, eds. Perspectives on South African
English Literature. Johannesburg: Ad. Donker, 1992.
Chevannes, Barry. Rastafari and Other African-Caribbean Worldviews. London: Macmillan

Press, 1995.
Childs, Peter, Jean Jacques Weber, and Peter Williams. Post-Colonial Theory and iteratures:
African, Caribbean and South Asian. Germany: Wissenschaftlicher, 2006.
Chinweizu, Onwucheckwa Jemi, and Ihechuckwu Madubuike, eds. Towards the

Decolonization of African Literature. Enugu: Fourth Dimension; Washington, DC : Howard
Collins, Patrica Hill. Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of
Empowerment.New York: Routledge, 2000.
Cook, David. African Literature: A Critical View, London: Logman, 1977
Davis, Geoffrey V. Voices of Justice and Reason: Apartheid and Beyond in South African
Literature.Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2003.
DeCorse, Christopher R., ed. West Africa during the Atlantic Slave Trade: Archaeological
Perspectives.London: Leicester University Press, 2001.
De Lange, Margreet, and Ampie Coetzee. The Muzzled Muse: Literature and Censorship in
South Africa.Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1997.
Elimimian, Isaac. Theme and Style in African Poetry. Lewiston, Lampeter, Dyfed, UK:
Edwin Mellen Press,1991.
Ekwe Herbert. African Literature in Defence of History. Dakar, Senegal: African

Renaissance, 2001
Gikandi, Simon. Reading the African Novel, London : James Currey, 1987
Hudson-Weems, Clenora. Africana Womanism. Troy: Bedford Publishers, 1993.
Irele, Abiola. The African experience in Literature and Ideology, Lodon : Heinmann, 1981.
Irele,Abiola and Gikandi, Simon Eds. The Cambridge history of African and Caribbean
literature . New York : Cambridge University Press, 2004
Jenkins, Lee M. The Language of Caribbean Poetry: Boundaries of Expression. Gainesville:

University Press of Florida, 2004.
Keizer, Arlene R. Black Subjects: Identity Formation in the Contemporary Narrative of

Slavery. Ithaca, NY:Cornell University Press, 2004.
Le Roux, Elizabeth, ed. Gender, Literature and Religion in Africa. Senegal: Codesria, 2005.
Mkandawire, Thandika, ed. African Intellectuals: Rethinking Politics, Language, Gender and
Development.London: Zed Books, 2005.
Moore, Ferald. Seven African Writers, Oxford: OUP, 1966
Moslund, Sten Pultz. Making Use of History in New South African Fiction: An Analysis of the
Purposes of Historical Perspectives in Three Post-Apartheid Novels. Copenhagen: Museum
Tusculanum,2003.
Muponde, Robert, and Primorac, Ranka, eds. Versions of Zimbabwe: New Approaches to
Literature and Culture. Weaver Press, 2005.
Napier, Winston, ed. African American Literary Theory: A Reader. New York: New York
Newell, Stephanie. West African Literatures: Ways of Reading. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2006.
Ngugi wa Thiong’o. Decolonizing the Mind: The Politics of Language in African Literature.
London: James Currey; Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1981.
Nkosi, Lewise . Home and Exile, London: Longman, 1983.
Objecjina, Emmannel . Culture, Tradition and Society in theWwest African Novel,

Cambridge: CUP, 1975
Okpewho, Isidore. Once upon a Kingdom: Myth, Hegemony, and Identity. Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1998.
Olaniyan, Tejumola and Quayson, Ato Eds.African Literature; an Anthology of Criticism and
Theory. Blackwell Publishing 2007
Pieterse, Cosmo, and Donald Munro, eds. Protest and Conflict in African Literature. New
York: Heinemann, Africana Publishing Corp., 1969.
Reyes, Angelita. Mothering across Cultures: Postcolonial Representations. Minneapolis:

University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
Ricard, Alain. The Languages and Literatures of Africa: The Sands of Babel. London: James
Currey, 2004.
Sanneh, Lamin, and Carpenter, Joel A., eds. The Changing Face of Christianity: Africa, the
West and the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Solberg, Rolf, ed. South African Theatre in the Melting Pot: Trends and Developments at the
Turn of the Millennium. Grahamstown: South Africa Institute for the Study of English in
Africa, 2003.
Soyinka, Wole . Myth, Literature, and the African World, Cambridge: CUP, 1976.
Rajkumar, K. Wole Soyinka: As a Play-writer. New Delhi: Creative Books, 2007.
Internet Resources
African Literature Association ALA: http://www.africanlit.org
African Writer.com: http://www.africanwriter.com/
The Dept. of African Languages and Literature, Univ. of Wisconsin:

http://african.lss.wisc.edu/
Internet Sacred Text Archive: http:// www.sacred-texts.com

Project Gutenberg: http://www.gutenberg.org

Question 1: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit II: 16 marks
Question 2: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit III: 16 marks
Question 3: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit IV: 16 marks
Question 4: Descriptive question with internal choice – Unit V: 16 marks
Question 5: Short Notes with internal choice – Unit I: 16 marks
(2 to be attempted out of 4 items, each short note for 8 marks)
COURSE NO 13-CRITICAL THEORY
Rationale
Critical theory, an umbrella term for various methods used in the examination and critique of
literature and society, covers several schools of thought across social sciences and humanities
disciplines. In literary studies, critical theory is ultimately a form of hermeneutics, i.e.
knowledge via interpretation to understand the meaning of human texts and symbolic
expressions. This form of critical theory specializes on the analysis of texts. It originated
among literary scholars in the 1960s and 1970s, and has really only come into broad use since
the 1980s, especially as theory used in literary studies has increasingly been influenced by
European philosophy and social theory. The present course prescribes representative texts
from the major theorists of contemporary significance; regarded to be adequate because they
are explanatory, practical, and normative. It aims at exhibiting how various perspectives for
inquiry are appropriate in different critical situations, focusing on critical theory as used in
the analysis of literature. Such a study of theory would definitely act as a basis for enhancing
the understanding and evaluation of literature for the postgraduate student.
Course contents
UNIT I Structuralism and Poststructuralism
a) The Object of Study: Ferdinand de Saussure
b) Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences: Jacques Derrida
UNIT II Postmodernism
a)The Death of the Author: Roland Barthes
b). Simulacra and Simulations: Jean Baudrillard
UNIT III Psychoanalysis
a)The Insistence of the Letter in the Unconscious: Jacques Lacan
b). The Interpreter’s Freud : Geoffrey Hartman
UNIT IV Feminism
a)Sorties: Helen Cixous
b)Feminism and Critical Theory: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
UNIT V Culture Criticism
a)Crisis (in Orientalism) :Edward Said
b)The Circulation of Social Energy: Stephen Greenblatt

Prescribed Text : Lodge, David and Wood ,Nigel (eds). Modern Critical Theory : A Reader
(revised edition) Delhi : Pearson Education ,2007.
Recommended Reading
Arac, Jonathan. Critical Genealogies: historical Situations for Postmodern Literary Studies,
New York: Columbia University press, 1987.
Barthes, Roland, S/Z (Translated by Miller) London: Jonathan cape, 1975.
Bloom, Harold . The Anxiety of Influence, New York: O.U.P.
Brandom, R.. Making It Explicit. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Brooks, Cleanth. The well wrought urn, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1947
Coyle, Martin etal (eds) Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism, London; Routledge, 1991
Culler, Jonthan. Structuralism Poetics: structuralism, Linguistics, and the study of Literature,
London: Rutledge & Kegan Paul, 1975
D. Hiley, J. Bohman and R. Shusterman.(eds.) The Interpretive Turn, ed. Ithaca: Cornell
Eagleton Terry. Against the Grain, London: Faber and Faber, 1928
Fish, Stanley. Doing what comes naturally: Change, Rhetoric, and the practice of theory in
Literary and legal studies, new yolk: O.U.P, 1989
Gadamer , H.G. Truth and Method, London : Sheed & Ward, 1975
Genette, G. Narrative Discourse : An Essay in Method, Ithaca : cornell University Press,

1979.
Habermas, J. The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, Cambridge L Polity Press 1987
--------------. The Postnational Constellation. Cambridge: MIT Press ,2001..
Hutcheson, Linda . A Poetics of Postmodernism, London : Routledge, 1987
Horkheimer, M.. Critical Theory. New York: Seabury Press,1982.
Jones ,R.W.(ed)Critical Theory and World Politics. London: Lynne Reinner,2001.
Kermode, Frank . The sense of an Ending, New york : O U P ,1969
Leavis, F.R. The Common pursuit, London: chatto and windus, 1952
M. Friedman (ed.)Feminism in a Global Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2004.

Macherey , Pierre. A Theory of Literary Production, London: Routledge and kegan paul ,
1978
Marcuse, H. Negations. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969.
McCarthy, T. and D. Hoy. Critical Theory. London: Basil Blackwell, 1994.
Pettit, P. The Common Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Putnam, H. Words and Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
Rawls, J. Collected Papers.Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1999.
Rorty, Richrd. Consequnences of pragmatism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press,

1982.
Sprinker, Michel. Imaginary Relations: Aesthetics and Ideology in the Theory of Historical
Materialism London : Verso, 1987
White, Hayden. Iropics of Discourse, Baltimore : Jonh Hopkins University Press, 1978
Wiggershaus, R. The Frankfurt School. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1994.
Internet resources
1. Contemporary Philosophy, Critical Theory and Postmodern Thought :

http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc_data/postmodern.html
2. Illuminations: The Critical Theory Website : http://www.uta.edu/huma/illuminations/
3. Guide to critical theory : http://www.cla.purdue.edu/academic/engl/theory/index.html
4. Online Communications Study Resources (critical theory) :

http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/critical_authors.html
5. E Server-Cultural Studies and Critical Theory : http://theory.eserver.org/
6.Critical Theory Institute, University of California, Irvine. :

http://www.humanities.uci.edu/critical/

CORSE NO 14 A-EPICS OF THE WORLD
Rationale
Epic, a long narrative poem in elevated stature presenting characters of high position in
adventures forms an organic whole through their relation to a central heroic figure and
through their development of episodes important to the history of a nation or race. The epic
hero illustrates traits, performs deeds, and exemplifies certain morals that are valued by the
society from which the epic originates. The present course has selections from the major
epics of the world. The study of these epics will help to analyze the essential elements of an
epic. It will also bring out the striking similarities between most of the epics though
belonging to cultures separated geographically.
Course Contents
UNIT I
Theory
a) W.P.Ker : Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature (Chapters I,II,IV)
b) Lascelles Abercrombie : The Epic: an Essay (Chapters II, III)
UNIT II
a) Homer : The Odyssey(Books 21-22)
b) Vyasa : The Mahabharata(Karnaparva)
UNIT III
a) The Epic of Gilgamesh
b) Beowulf
UNIT IV
a) The Nibelungenlied
b) Torquato Tasso : Jerusalem Delivered
UNIT V
a) Ferdowsi : The Shahnameh (Story of Rustem and Sohrab)
b) Luis de Camoens : The Lusiad (BookVI to IX)
Prescribed Texts
For Unit I
Ker ,W.P.: Epic and Romance: Essays on Medieval Literature .Dodo Press,2007.
Abercrombie ,Lascelles: The Epic: an Essay .Bibliobazaar,2007.
For Units II.III,IV and V
Foster, B.R.The Epic of Gilgamesh(Norton Critical Edition)W W Norton,2001.
Heany,Seamus.Beowulf(Norton Critical Edition)W W Norton,2002.
Homer:The Odyssey, Bernard Knox (Editor, Introduction), Robert Fagles (Translator)
Penguin Classics , 2006.
Mowatt,D.G. The Nibelungenlied .Dover Publications 2001.
Rajgopalchari,C. The Mahabharata.Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan,2007.
Tasso ,Torquato : Jerusalem Delivered .Bibliolife.2009.
Ferdowsi : The Shahnameh Translated by Davis,Dick.Penguin,2007.
Luis de Camoens : The Lusiad Translated by Duff,R.F.Kessinger Publishing,2008.
(Note :. Other Standard editions/translations of the epics may also be used.)
Recommended Reading
Cavallo ,Jo Ann . The Romance Epics of Boiardo, Ariosto, and Tasso: From Public Duty to
Private Pleasure (Toronto Italian Studies) University of Toronto Press, 2004.
King ,Katherine Callen . Ancient Epic (Blackwell Introductions to the Classical World)
(Hardcover) Wiley-Blackwell , 2009.
Kulger ,Rivkah Scharf (Author), H. Yehezkel Kluger (Editor) The Archetypal Significance of
Gilgamesh: A Modern Ancient Hero Daimon Verlag,1991.
Foley ,John Miles (Ed.). A Companion to Ancient Epic (Blackwell Companions to the
Ancient World) .Wiley-Blackwell; New edition , 2008.
Ganguly ,Kisari Mohan Mahabharata of Krishna-Dwaipayana Vyasa .South Asia Books,

2004.
Gentry ,Francis German Epic Poetry: The Nibelungslied, The Older Lay of Hildebrand, and
Other Works. New York: Continuum 1995.
Guerber ,A. H. The Book of the Epic (The World's Great Epics Told in Story) IndyPublish ,
2007.
Narayan ,R. K. Indian Epics Retold . South Asia Books, 1995.
Oberhelman ,Steven and Kelly,M. Epic and Epoch: Essays on the Interpretation and History
of a Genre (Studies in Comparative Literature). Texas Tech University Press ,1994.
Oman ,John Campbell The Great Indian Epics: the Stories of the Ramayana and the
Mahabharata: With Notes, Appendices, and Illustrations .Adamant Media Corporation, 2005.
Rabb ,Kate Milner. National Epics: A Study of Epics from Cultures Worldwide . Forgotten
Books, 2008.
Robinson ,B W The Persian Book of Kings: An Epitome of the Shahnama of Firdawsi .

RoutledgeCurzon , 2002.
Wood ,Michael. In Search of Myths and Heroes: Exploring Four Epic Legends of the World.
University of California Press; 1 edition , 2007.
Zatti ,Sergio The Quest for Epic: From Ariosto to Tasso (Toronto Italian Studies) University
of Toronto Press, 2006.
Internet Resources
Forgotten Books : http://www.forgottenbooks.org/
Sacred texts : http://www.ishwar.com/
Ancient Greek Online library :www.greektexts.com
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy:www.iep.utm.edu

COURSE NO.14 B-NOBEL LAUREATES
Rationale
The Nobel Prize , an international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in
Stockholm, Sweden , every year since 1901 ,is regarded as the most prestigious award for
achievements in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for peace. This
course consists of works by the winners of the Nobel Prize in Literature from diverse
countries with the aim of prescribing some of the best literary pieces for study, in order to
present an idea of the excellent in world literature.
UNIT I
a) The Wonderful Adventures of Nils : Selma Lagerlöf (Sweden)
b) Growth of the Soil :Knut Hamsun (Norway )
UNIT II
a) The Mexican Dream: Or, The Interrupted Thought of Amerindian Civilizations
( Chapter 6 : Antonio Artland or the Mexican Dream ) :J. M. G. Le Clezio (France)
b)My Father’s Suitcase (The Nobel Lecture 2006): Orhan Pamuk (Turkey)
UNIT III
a) Siddhartha: Herman Hesse (Germany )
b) Doctor Zhivago : Boris Pasternak (Russia)
UNIT IV
a) Escape : Gao Xingjian (China )
b) The Homecoming : Harold Pinter (Britain)
UNIT V
a)Nothing Twice -Selected Poems(Notes from a Nonexistent Himalayan Expedition,
A Moment in Troy, The Tower of Babel, In Heraclitus' River, The Joy of Writing,
The Acrobat,, True Love, Lot's Wife, Utopia, Stage Fright, Surplus, Sky, Some
People Like Poetry, We're Extremely Fortunate): Wislawa Szymborska ( Poland )
b) Gitanjali(no.s-11,27,31,35,41,50,60,61,73,86,102) : Rabindranath Tagore (India)
Texts
The wonderful adventures of Nils, 1910 Translated by Velma Swanston Howard. Published in
1910 by Bird, London. 4th printing in 1961 by Pantheon, New York. Reprinted in 1966 and
1984 by J.M. Dent & sons, London. Published in 1995 by Dover, New York.
Growth of the Soil :Knut Hamsun,Vintage Books,1971
My Father’s Suitcase (The Nobel Lecture 2006): Orhan Pamuk, Faber and Faber,2007.
The Mexican Dream: Or, The Interrupted Thought of Amerindian Civilizations
Teresa Lavender Fagan (Translator) University Of Chicago Press, 2009
Siddhartha: Herman Hesse (reprint) CreateSpace , 2008.
Doctor Zhivago : Boris Pasternak. (reprint) Pantheon,1997.
Escape and The Man Who Questions Death: Two Plays by Gao Xingjian Hongkong :The
Chinese University Press,2007.
The Homecoming : Harold Pinter(reprint)Grove Press,1994.
Nothing Twice by Wislawa Szymborska Translated by Clare Cavanagh and Stanislaw
Baranczak. Kraków :Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1997.
Gitanjali:Song Offerings,A collection of prose translation smade by the author from the
original Bengali With an introduction byW. B. Yeats( First published in 1913) Brandon
Books 1973.
Recommended Reading
Amoia ,Alba and, Knapp,Bettina L. (Eds) Multicultural Writers since 1945: An A-to-Z Guide
Westport: Greenwood Press,2004.
Badge ,Peter. Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners -VCH Wiley, 2007
Berendsohn , W. A. Selma Lagerlöf: Her Life and Work Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London:
1931. Kennikat Press ,1968.
Ferguson, Robert. Enigma: The Life of Knut Hamsun Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York:
1987.
Fleishman , Lazar (Editor). The Life of Boris Pasternak's Doctor Zhivago (Stanford Slavic
Studies) Berkeley Slavic Specialties; Bilingual edition, 2009.
Haugan, Jørgen. The Fall of the Sun God. Knut Hamsun - a Literary Biography .Aschehoug
Non-Fiction. Oslo: 2004
Humpal, Martin. The Roots of Modernist Narrative: Knut Hamsun's Novels Hunger,
Mysteries and Pan International Specialized Book Services. 1999
Kierulf, Anine and Schiøtz Høyesterett og Knut Hamsun Gyldendal 2004.
Kolloen, Ingar Sletten. Knut Hamsun: Dreamer and Dissident , Yale University Press 2009.
Larsen, Hanna Astrup. Knut Hamsun Alfred A. Knopf. 1922
Stocke, Joy E. The Melancholy Life of Orhan Pamuk, Wild River Review, 19 November
2007.
Internet Resources
The Official Nobel Prize Site: http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/
The Internet Archive: http://www.archive.org
Sacred Texts Archive : http://sacredtexts.org
Project Gutenberg : http//:gutenberg.org

COURSE NO.14 C TRAGEDY
Rationale
Tragedy refers to a specific tradition of drama that has played a unique and important role
historically in the self-definition of civilization. It is a form of art based on human suffering
that offers its audience pleasure and most cultures have developed forms that provoke this
paradoxical response. The tradition of Tragedy has been multiple and discontinuous, yet the
term has often been used to invoke a powerful effect of cultural identity and historical
continuity. This course attempts to provide a theoretical framework to the concept of tragedy
through the essays of Nietzsche and Miller and also offers a reading of some significant
tragedies from world literature.
Course Contents
UNIT I
Theory
a) Nietzsche : The Birth of Tragedy
b) Arthur Miller: Tragedy and the Common Man
UNIT II
a) Sophocles: Oedipus the King(Oedipus Rex)
b) Seneca : Agamemnon
UNIT III
a) Bhasa: Pratima Nataka
b) Thomas Kyd: The Spanish Tragedy
UNIT IV
a) Friedrich Von Schiller: Fiesco
b) Thomas Middleton: A Yorkshire Tragedy
UNIT V
a) Pierre Corneille: Polyeucte
b) Henrik Ibsen: Hedda Gabbler
Recommended Reading
Aristotle. Poetics. Trans. Joe Sachs. Focus Publishing/R. Pullins Co.,2005

Banham, Martin, ed. The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 1998.
Benjamin, Walter. The Origin of German Tragic Drama. Trans. John Osborne. London
and New York: Verso, 1998.
Bradley, A. C.. 1909. Oxford Lectures on Poetry. Reprint ed. Atlantic, 2007.
Buckham, Philip Wentworth, Theatre of the Greeks, 1827.
Campbell, Lewis. (A Guide to) Greek Tragedy (for English Readers). 1891.
Carlson, Marvin. Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the
Greeks to the Present. Expanded ed. Ithaca and London: Cornell UP. 1993.
Deleuze, Gilles and Félix Guattari. Anti-Œdipus. Trans. Robert Hurley, Mark Seem and
Helen R. Lane. London and New York: Continuum, 2004.
Dukore, Bernard F., ed. Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to Grotowski. Florence,
KY: Heinle & Heinle. 1974.
Keir. The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama. New Accents Ser. London and New York:
Methuen. 1980.
Felski, Rita, ed. Rethinking Tragedy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins UP. 2008.
Flickinger, Roy Caston. The Greek Theater and its Drama. Chicago: U of Chicago P.
1918.
Pfister, Manfred. The Theory and Analysis of Drama. Trans. John Halliday. European
Studies in English Literature Ser. Cambridige: Cambridge UP, 1988.
Miller,Arthur. The Theatre Essays of Arthur Miller,Da Capo Press,1996.
Rehm, Rush. Greek Tragic Theatre. Theatre Production Studies ser. London and New
York: Routledge. 1992.
Schlegel, August Wilhelm. 1809. Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature. Kessinger
Publishing,2004.
Speirs, Ronald, trans. The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings. By Friedrich Nietzsche.
Ed. Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs. Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy
ser. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 1999.
Taxidou, Olga. Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP. 2004.
Williams, Raymond. Modern Tragedy. London: Chatto & Windus. 1966.
Internet Resources
Classic Technology Center : http://ablemedia.com/ctcweb/netshots/tragedy.htm

The Department of English, University of Victoria :
http://web.uvic.ca/wguide/Pages/LTTragedy.html
Greek Tragedy : http://www2.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/tragedyassign.html
Arthur Miller: Tragedy and the Common Man
:http://vccslitonline.cc.va.us/tragedy/milleressay.htm
Nietzsche : The Birth of Tragedy :http://records.viu.ca/~Johnstoi/Nietzsche/tragedy_all.htm
The Literature Network : http://www.online-literature.com/
The Internet Sacred Text Archive : http://www.sacred-texts.com/index.htm

COURSE NO 15-A INDIAN WRITING IN ENGLISH
Rationale
Indian Writing in English, now nearly two hundred years old, began as an interesting by-
product of an eventful encounter in the late eighteenth century between a vigorous and
enterprising Britain and a stagnant and chaotic India. The term “Indian Writing in English”,
applied to the literature written originally in English by Indian authors, emphasizes two
significant ideas: first that this literature constitutes one of the many streams that join the
great ocean called Indian literature, which, though written in different languages, has an
unmistakable unity; and secondly, that it is an inevitable product of the nativization of the
English language to express the Indian sensibility. This course includes a historical overview
in the initial unit, and the texts belonging to different literary genres are prescribed for close
reading in the subsequent units. The course goal is towards developing an appreciation of the
expression of Indian ethos in this body of writing.
Course Contents
UNIT I –Historical Background
a) The nature and scope of Indian English literature,

Indian Writing in English from the beginnings to 1857.
b) Indian Writing in English from 1857 to 1947,
Post Independence Indian Writing in English
UNIT II Prose /Non Fiction
a)The Autobiography of an Unknown Indian : Nirad C. Chaudhary
b)The Algebra of Infinite Justice: Arundhati Roy.
UNIT III Fiction
a) Coolie : Mulk Raj Anand

b) Water : Bapsi Sidhwa
UNIT IV Poetry
a) Sarojini Naidu : 1) Cradle Song 2)Homayan to Zobeida 3) The Snake Charmer

4) Suttee 5) To a Buddha Seated on a Lotus
b) A.K.Ramanujan: 1) Looking for a Cousin on a Swing 2) A River
3) Of Mothers Among Other Things 4) Small Scale Reflections on a Large House
5) Obituary
UNIT V Drama
a) Sri Aurobindo : Vasavadutta
b) Mahesh Dattani : Final Solutions

Text Prescribed ( For Unit I )
Naik ,M.K. A History of Indian English Literature. Reprint. New Delhi, Sahitya Akademi,
Recommended Reading
Iyengar , Srinivasa K.R. Indian Writing in English, New Delhi : Sterling(first published
1962) Revised and Updated 1985.
King, Bruce Modern Indian Poetry in English, Delhi :OUP, 1987
Kumar ,Akshaya. Poetry, Politics and Culture : Essays on Indian Texts and ContextsNew
Delhi, Routledge, 2009.
Mehrotra ,Arvind Krishna(Ed).A Concise History of Indian Literature in English. Ranikhet,

Permanent Black, 2008.
Mishra ,Shashi Bhushan .Autobiography in Indian Writing in English. Delhi, Adhyayan,

2004.
Mukherjee, Meenakshi The Twice Born Fiction New Delhi: Heinemann, 1971
-------------------------- Elusive Terrain : Culture and Literary Memory New Delhi, Oxford
Naik ,M.K. and Narayan ,Shyamala A..Indian English Literature 1980-2000 : A Critical
Survey. Delhi, Pencraft International, 2001..
Patel ,Amrita Paresh and Dodiya ,Jaydipsinh(Eds.) Perspectives on Sri Aurobindo’s Poetry,
Plays and Criticism .New Delhi, Sarup & Sons, 2002.
Pier ,Paolo Piciucco (Ed)A Companion to Indian Fiction in English. New Delhi, Atlantic,
2004.
Press, John (Ed.) Commonwealth Literature: Unity and Diversity in a Common Culture,
London: Heinemann 1965.
Ray ,Mohit K. (Ed.)The Atlantic Companion to Literature in English. New Delhi, Atlantic,
2007.
Satchidanandan, K.. Authors, Texts, Issues : Essays on Indian Literature Delhi, Pencraft
International, 2003.
Tiwari,Shubha. Contemporary Indian Dramatists.. New Delhi, Atlantic, 2007.
V. Padma.,Fiction as Window : Critiquing the Indian Literary Cultural Ethos Since the
1980s. New Delhi, Orient BlackSwan, 2009.
Walsh, William. Indian Literature in English, London: Longman, 1990.

Internet Resources
Sri Aurobindo Plays : http://www.writespirit.net/plays/sri_aurobindo_playsSri
Aurobindo Society :www.sriaurobindosociety.org.in/
Indian Poets : http://www.poetseers.org/the_great_poets/in
Indian English Literature Forum : http://ielforum.org/
Mahesh Dattani: http://www.maheshdattani.com/
Indian Writing in English Blog : http://indianwritinginenglish.blogspot.com/
Literature of India : http://www.culturopedia.com/Literature/english_literature.html

COURSE NO 15-B APPLIED LINGUISTICS AND STYLISTICS
UNIT -1
Language and society-Sociolinguistics
Social correlates: social class, gender, age, ethnic varieties, speech communities,
multilingualism
Socio-political factors: ideology of standard language, correctness and authority,

prestige, legitimacy, globalization and language policy and language planning
Language change: Koineization, Dialect, idiolect, isogloss, diglossia, pidgin, creole,

media and language change, diversity, rights and disappearance of languages, language
death, language murder
UNIT-2
Language and pedagogy:
Language in and out of school, globalization and language planning
Contrastive linguistics and error analysis, Theoretical linguistics
Language universals, learner variables, corpora and their applications
Communicative Language Teaching, English for Specific Purposes
UNIT-3
Language and mind –psycho linguistics

Psychological processes, first language acquisition, brain and language, language disorders
Language and identity; mobility, contact and accommodation,
Language attitudes, politeness and power
Language to language- On Translation

Radical translation and radical interpretation
Machine language and Artificial Intelligences
Limitations of Translation
Transliteration
UNIT-4
Language and meaning:
Meaning and communication, meaning and rule following, meaning and truth, meaning
and understanding, meaning and verification, emotive meaning
Semantics-conceptual role, informational, situation, teleological
Semiotics, sense and reference
Language and discourse:

Speech acts, contextual implications, non-truth-conditional aspects of meaning,
indexicals, levels of meaning, semantics/pragmatics distinction, presupposition,
conversational implicatures, the intentional-inferential model, private states and
language, issues and problems in semantics, semiotics, sense of reference, Universal
language
UNIT-5
Language and literature
Stylistics: Theory to practice
Stylistics and the interpretation of literature: stylistics, linguistics and literary criticism;
basic assumptions and tools of stylistics
Stylistic features: cohesion and coherence, reference, ellipsis, collocation, spatio-
temporal reference, speech and thought presentation, speech acts, the cooperative
principle in conversation, politeness, terms of address
Prescribed texts:
Misra, P. S. (2009) An Introduction to Stylistics: Theory and practice. New Delhi:
Orient Blackswan
Carmen Clamas, Louise Mullany, et al (2007) The Routledge Companion to
Sociolinguisitcs. New York: Routledge
Suggested Reading:
Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (1998) Version 1.0 London and New York
Coder, S.P.1973 Introducing Applied Linguistics, London: Penguin
Kaplan, Robert, B(ed.). 1980. On the Scope of Applied Linguistics. Rowley, Mass:
Newbury House, Inc.
Bell, R. 1976. Sociolinguistics: Goals, Approaches and Problems. London: Batsford
Hudson, R.A. 1980. Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Hymes, D.H. 1977. Foundation of Sociolinguistics. London: Tavistock Publications
Ltd.
Lobov, William. 1972. Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of
Pensylvania.
Verma,S.K., and N. Krishnaswamy. 1989. Modern Linguistics: An Introduction. Delhi:
Oxford University Press
Greene, Judith. 1972. Psycholinguistics. Penguin
Gumperz, J.J. (ed.). 1982. Language and Social Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press.
Culler, Jonathan. 1975. Structuralist Poetics. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Widdowson,H.G. 1975. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. London: Longman
Brumfit, C.J.,and K.Johnson.(eds) 1979. The Communicative Approach to Language
Teaching. Oxford:OUP
Richards, Jack, C., and Theodore S. Rodgers. 1986. Approaches and Methods in
Language Teaching. A Description and Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press
Stern, H.H. 1983. Fundamental Concepts of Language Teaching. Oxford: OUP
Krishnaswami, N. 1992. Modern Applied Linguistics. Mumbai: Macmillan.
Fries, C.C. 1945. Teaching and Learning as a Foreign Language. Ann
Arbor:University of Michigan Press
Crystal, David. 1995. The Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bassnot McGaire, Susan. 1988. Translation Studies. London and Newyork:Enthrone
Thorat, A. Ed. 2007. Non-native phenomena of English. Pune: Forum for Culture
Studies.
Thorat, A. Ed. 2006. Pragmatics. Pune: Forum for Culture Studies.

COURSE NO 15 C MYTHOLOGICAL LITERATURE
Rationale
Mythology, a body of literary works used to impart wisdom or to make sense of some aspect
of reality, irregardless of its factuality, has always been integral part of all the cultures in the
world. A myth is a story that is sacred to and shared by a group of people who find their most
important meanings in it. It is also a story believed to have been composed in the past about
an event in the past, or, more rarely, in the future, an event that continues to have meaning in
the present because it is remembered. We find that myths tell us where we've come from, or
sometimes where we're headed. The present course includes myths from diverse cultural
groups so as to impart knowledge about the significance of these age old works of literature
in overall human context. The learners will find out that all the myths are connected to other
myths, to religion, to culture, and to history. Myths are best understood when examined with
reference to their connections. In present times myths are being studied by the social
scientists, the psychologists and scholars from a number of other disciplines. This course will
prompt the learner to explore the art and science of mythology for further study.
Course Contents
UNIT I
Theory
a) Claude Levi-Strauss : Myth and Meaning

b) Mircea Eliade : The Structure of Myths(Ch.I from Myth and Reality)
UNIT II
a) Hesiod : Theogony
b) Ovid : Metamorphoses (Book IV and Book X)
UNIT III
a) KathaUpanishad
b) Myths of Ife
UNIT IV
a) Native American Trickster Tales
b) The Maui Cycle
UNIT V
a) Genesis, Exodus (Old Testament) Gospel of John (New Testament)

b) Vendida (ch.II)
Prescribed Texts
Unit I
Levi-Strauss ,Claude: Myth and Meaning. London: Routledge,2001.
Eliade ,Mircea Myth and Reality. Long Grove,Illinois: Waveland Press,1998.
Unit II
White, G. Evelyn(Trans)The Theogony of Hesiod New York:Loeb Cassical Library,2007.
Dryden ,John et al (Trans) Ovid’s Metamorphose.sLondon” Wordsworth Editions,1999.
Unit III
Max Muller F. (Trans) Katha UpanishadI New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas,2008.
Wyndham, J (Trans) Myths of Ife Charleston: Bibliobazaar.2009.
UnitIV
Thompson ,Stith .Tales of the North American Indians .(for Trickster
Tales).Charleston:Bibliolife,2009.
Dixon Roland.Oceanic Mythology(for Maui Cycle).Charleston:Bibliolife,2008.
Unit V
King James Version Bible
Ervad Kavasji Edulji Kanga (Trans) Khordeh Avesta..Mumbai: Parsi Panchayat,1995.
Recommended Reading
Barthes, Roland. Mythologies .New York: Farrar, Starus and Giroux.1991.
Bethel, Mansfeild. What the Bible really says. London: Souvenir Press. 1980.
Beach, Eleanor Ferris. Image and word: Iconography in the interpretation of Hebrew
scriptures. Clarrremont Graduate School.1991.
Bishop Paul.(Ed.) Jung in Context. London: Routledge,1999.
Campbell,Joseph The Power of Myth .Anchor; Later printing edition , 1991.
---------------------Myths to Live by.London: Penguin, 1993.
---------------------The Masks of God (3 volumes).London:Souvenir Press,2000.
---------------------The Hero With a Thousand Faces. London:Souvenir Press,2000.
Darmester, James; Maxmullet, F.ed. Sacred Books of the East. Delhi: Motilal
Benarasidas.1967.
Durkheim ,Emile. The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (Oxford World's Classics) Oxford
University Press, USA, 2008.
Eliade ,Mircea .The Sacred and The Profane: The Nature of Religion: Harcourt Brace
Jovanovich, 1987.
Gahelot, Manisha. Religion, Society &Culture:A Study of Ancient Literary
Thought.Aurangabad: Rajat Prakashan.2005
Hamilton ,Edith Mythology Back Bay Books; 11 edition , 1998.
Hansen William E. A Handbook of Classical Mythology.Santa Barbara: ABC.CLIO,2004.
Hvewala, Porus Homi. The Saga of the Aryan Race. Sydney: Australian Zoroastrian
Association. 1997.
Mehta, P.D. Zarathustra: The Transcendental Vision. Worcester: Element Books. 1985
Morales,Helen. Classical Mythology,A Very Short Introduction. New York: OUP,2007.
Parks Rebecca et al (Eds) Encyclopedia of World Mythology. New York: Gale,2009.
Stone ,Jon R. The Essential Max Müller: On Language, Mythology, and Religion Palgrave
Macmillan , 2002.
Internet Resources
The Internet Sacred Text Archive : http://www.sacred-texts.com/index.htm
Myth Home : http://www.mythome.org/mythhome.htm
Jrank : http://science.jrank.org/pages/7902/Myth.html
Trickster : http://www.trinity.edu/org/tricksters/
World Mythology: http://faculty.gvsu.edu/websterm/Mythcourseindex.htm
The Classical Myth Home Page
http://web.uvic.ca/grs/bowman/myth/index.html
Perseus Project: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/
Christopher Siren's Myth Index: http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/myth.html
Encyclopedia Mythica: http://www.pantheon.org/
Exploring Ancient World Cultures: http://eawc.evansville.edu/index.htm
The Book of Genesis (Revised Standard Version):
http://eawc.evansville.edu/anthology/genesis.htm
Oriental Institute, University of Chicago: http://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/default.html
Christopher Siren’s Sumerian Myth site: http://home.comcast.net/~chris.s/sumer-faq.html
The Joseph Campbell Foundation: http://www.jcf.org/new/index.html
Mythos: Legends of the World’s Cultures
http://www.gla.ac.uk/Clubs/WebSoc/~8701851m/mythos.html
The Greek Mythology Link: http://hsa.brown.edu/~maicar/
Mythology Folklore Online : http://www.mythfolklore.net/3043mythfolklore/index.html

COURSE NO. 16 A- MULTI ETHNIC AMERICAN LITERATURE
Rationale
The Multi ethnic nature of American Literature has become one of its distinctive features
today.
This course is designed as an introduction to the study of the literature produced by writers
from diverse U.S. ethnic groups: Native American ,Asian American ,Jewish American,
Mexican American(Chicana/o) and African American. It can serve as a way to understand
each group’s response to U.S. society, its institutions and the mainstream historical narrative.
The objectives are to read literature produced by U.S. ethnic writers from an historical
perspective; to learn about these various ethnic groups from their respective literature and
thus understand the United States’ evolving relationship with indigenous and other peoples of
the world. This will enable the students to become familiar with the major works by U.S.
ethnic writers and to comprehend how difference, ethnicity, and race influence the writer’s
artistic vision. The discussion of topics such as identity, assimilation, language, hybridity,
and political resistance as essential to the formation of this literature will give a perspective to
recognize what makes these texts “ethnic” and how the writers represent the components of
their respective cultures textually;
UNIT I
Jewish American
Call It Sleep: Henry Roth
The Chosen : Chaim Potok
UNIT II
African American
The Autobiography of Malcolm X : Malcolm X , Alex Haley
The Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life :Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes
UNIT III
Asian American
The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Amongst Ghosts : Maxine Hong
Kingston
Cebu :Peter Bacho
UNIT IV
Chicano(Mexican American)
The House on the Mango Street :Sandra Cisneros
Bless Me,Ultima: Rudalpho Anaya
UNIT V
Native American
In the Bear’s House :N.Scott Momaday
Ceremony : Leslie Marmon Silko
Texts (Editions currently in print)

1.Call It Sleep: A Novel :Henry Roth ;: Picador, 2005.
2.The Chosen:Chaim Potok;Ballantine Books , 1996.
3.The Autobiography of Malcolm X : Malcolm X (Author), Alex Haley (Author), Paul Gilroy
(Introduction) ;Penguin Classics , 2001.
4.Mule Bone: A Comedy of Negro Life :Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes ;Harper
Perennial Modern Classics, 2008.
5.The Woman Warrior: Memoirs of a Girlhood Among Ghosts :Maxine Hong Kingston
;Vintage, 1989.
6.Cebu :Peter Bacho ;University of Washington Press ,1991.
7.The House on Mango Street :Sandra Cisneros ;Mcgraw-Hill College , 2000.
8.Bless Me, Ultima:Rudolfo Anaya ; Warner Books, 1999.
9.In the Bear's House :N. Scott Momaday ;St. Martin's Griffin, 2000.
10.Ceremony:Leslie Marmon Silko Penguin Books; Anniversary edition, 2006.
Recommended Reading
Acosta-Belen, Edna. The Hispanic Experience in the United States: Contemporary Issues
and Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1988.
Anaya, Rudolfo A. & Francisco Lomeli. Aztlan: Essays on the Chicano Homeland.
Albuquerque: Academia/El Norte, 1989
Arteaga, Alfred, ed. An Other Tongue: Nation and Ethnicity in the Linguistic
Borderlands. Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1994.
Anzaldúa, Gloria. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza. San Francisco:
Spinsters/Aunt Lute, 1987.
Augenbraum, Harold and Margarite Fernandez Olmos, Eds. U.S. Latino Literature: A
Critical Guide for Students and Teachers. New York: Greenwood, 2000.
Blassingame, John. Long Memory: Black Experience in America. NY: Oxford UP, 1986.
Bloom, Harold, Ed. Hispanic-American Writers (Modern Critical New York: Views).
Brown, Dee Alexander. Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian
History of the American West. New York: Henry Holt and Company, Reprint ed., 2003.
Chang, Iris. The Chinese in America: A Narrative History. New York: Viking Press,
2003.
Calderón, Héctor and José Saldívar, Eds. Criticism in the Borderlands: Studies in
Chicano Literature, Culture and Ideology. Durham/London: Duke University
Press, 1991.
Cheung, King-Kok and Stan Yogi, comps. Asian-American Literature: an Annotated
Bilbiography. NY: MLA, 1988.
Cheung, King-Kok. An Interethnic Companion to Asian American Literature. New
York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997.
Dimont, Max I. The Jews in America: The Roots, History and Destiny of American
Jews. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1980.
Debo, Angie. A History of the Indians of the United States. Norman: U. of Oklahoma
Press, Reprint ed. 1989.
Emmanuel S. Nelson, ed.The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Multi Ethnic American
Literature.New York :Greenwood Press.2005.
Fabre, Genevieve. European Perspectives on Hispanic Literature of the U.S.
Houston, TX: Arte Publico, 1988.
Fisher, Dexter, (Ed). The Third Woman: Minority Women Writers of the United States.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1980.
Geok-Lin Lim, Shirley and Amy Ling, Eds. Reading the Literatures of Asian-America
(Asian-American History and Culture). Philadelphia, PA: Temple UP, 1992.
Gunn Allen, Paula. Studies in American Indian Literature. Critical Essays and Course
Designs. NY: MLA, 1983
Hutchinson, John and Anthony D. Smith, Eds. Ethnicity. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1996.
Jaskoski, Helen. Early Native American Writing: New Critical Essays. New York:
Cambridge Univ. Press, 1996.
Kanellos, Nicolás. Biographical Dictionary of Hispanic Literature in the U.S.
Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1989.
Kanellos, Nicolas. Thirty Million Strong: Reclaiming the Hispanic Image in American
Culture. Golden, CO: Fulcrum Publishing, 1998.
Krstovic, Jelena O. Ed. Hispanic Literary Criticism. Gale Research, 1994.
Krupat ,Arnold.Native American Literature and the Canon. Berkeley:Univ. of California
Press.1989.
Lee, Rachel. The Americas of Asian-American Literature. Princeton UP, 1999.
Ma, Sheng-Mei. Immigrant Subjectivities in Asian-American and Asian Diaspora
Literatures. Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1998.
Srikanth, Rajini and Esther Yae Iwanaga, Eds. Bold Words: A Century of Asian-
American Writing. Rutgers UP, 2001.
Ruoff, A. Lavonne Brown. American Indian Literatures. NY: MLA, 1990.
Ruoff, A. LaVonne Brown, and Jerry W. Ward, Eds. Redefining American Literary
History. New York: Modern Language Association, 1990.
Saldívar, Ramon. Chicano Narrative: The Dialects of Difference. Madison:
U. of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
Sollors, Werner. Beyond Ethnicity. Oxford UP, 1989.
--------, Ed.. The Invention of Ethnicity. New York: Oxford UP, 1991
Takaki, Ronald. A Larger Memory: A History of Our Diversity with Voices.
New York: Little Brown & Co., 1998.
Trimmer, Joseph and Tilly Warnock, Eds. Understanding Others: Cultural and Cross-
Cultural Studies and the Teaching of Literature. Urbana, Ill: NCTE, 1992.
Weatherford, Jack. Native Roots: How the Indians Enriched America. New York:
Crown, 1991.
Internet Resources
Perspectives in American Literature: http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/home.htm
American Studies Recommendations : http://myweb.uiowa.edu/rhorwitz/
American Authors on the Web : http://lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~matsuoka/AmeLit.html
Multicultural u s Fiction Web :http://acunix.wheatonma.edu/rpearce/MultiC_Web/home.html
Jewish American Literature : http://omni.cc.purdue.edu/~royald/jewish.htm
Univ.of California/VOS : http://vos.ucsb.edu/browse.asp?id=2739
American Indian Resource Directory : http://www.indians.org/Resource/natlit/natlit.html
Indigenous People’s Literature : http://www.indigenouspeople.net/natlit.htm
The Internet Public Library : http://www.ipl.org/div/about/
African American Literature Online : http://www.geocities.com/afam_literature/
African American Resources ; http://www.lang.osaka-u.ac.jp/~krkvls/afrolit.html
Asian American Literature Resources :
http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/awilliams/AsianAmResources.html
Chicano Literature : http://www.accd.edu/PAC/LRC/lit-chic.htm

COURSE NO. 16 B-
LITERATURES OF CANADA, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND
Rationale
English literature has been enriched contribution by a number of writers from Canada,
Australia and New Zealand. Some of them have been honoured with the Nobel Prize, and
many have achieved worldwide critical acclaim. These nations also have a rich Oral literary
tradition of their aboriginal inhabitants. Literature in English was started from the contact
with the European colonizers. The present course introduces the learner with the history of
literary traditions in these nations and some of their major literary texts, both from the
colonial as well as contemporary times in order to present an idea about the socio- cultural
aspects.
Course Contents
UNIT I
a)English Canadian Literature ,by Lorne Pierce, ( in The Encyclopedia of Canada,Edited by
W. Stewart Wallace, Vol. 4, Toronto, University Associates of Canada, 1948,),
Canadian Literature by W.H.New,(in Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism ,Edited by
Coyle,Wallace et al ,London :Routledge,1991)
b)The Making of New Zealand LiteratureURL: http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/literature-

in-new-zealand-1930-1960, (Ministry for Culture and Heritage), New Zealand and Pacific
Literature by Rod Edmond ,(in Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism ,Edited by
c) History of Australian Literature

(in Encyclopedia of Australia@http://www.highbeam.com) , Australian Literature and the
British Tradition by Helen Tiffin ,(in Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism ,Edited by
UNIT II
a) The Garden Party, Her First Ball, The Stranger, The Singing Lesson, Bank Holiday (Short
stories from the collection The Garden Party):Katherine Mansfield
b) The Whale Rider : Witi Ihimaera
UNIT III
a) Surfacing : Margaret Atwood
b) Legends of Vancouver :Pauline Johnson
UNIT IV
a) Canadian Crusoes: A Tale of the Rice Lake Plains : Catharine Parr Traill.
b) Voss : Patrick White
UNIT V
a) No Sugar : Jack Davis
b) Prefatory Sonnets, Araluen, September in Australia,The Last of His Tribe, The Warrigal
(poems from the collection Leaves from Australian Forests) :Henry Kendall
Recommended Reading
Adams, Michael. Sex in the Snow: Canadian Social Values at the End of the Millennium.
Toronto: Viking, 1997.
Atwood, Margaret. Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto: Anansi,
1972..
Bartlett, Mark C., Fiona A. Black, and Bertrum H. MacDonald, comp. The History of the
Book in Canada: A Bibliography. Halifax, N.S.: B.H. MacDonald, 1993.
Beaujot, Roderic, and Kevin McQuillan. Growth and Dualism: The Demographic
Development of Canadian Society. Toronto: Gage, 1982.
Benson, Eugene and William Toye. (eds.) The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature,
2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997
Berton, Pierre. Why We Act Like Canadians: A Personal Exploration of Our National
Character. 1987 ed. Markham, Ont.: Penguin Books, 1987.
Bissoondath, Neil. Selling Illusions: The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada. Toronto:

Penguin Books, 1994.
Burnet, Jean R., with Howard Palmer. Coming Canadians: An Introduction to a History of
Canada's Peoples. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart/Multiculturalism Directorate, 1988.
Cameron, David. Taking Stock: Canadian Studies in the Nineties. Montreal: Association for
Canadian Studies, 1996.
Crean, S.M. Who's Afraid of Canadian Culture? Don Mills, Ont.: General Publishing
Company, 1976.
Dickason, Olive Patricia. Canada's First Nations: A History of Founding Peoples from
Earliest Times. 2nd ed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1997 (CH, Jan'93).
E Morris Miller, Australian Literature from it's Beginnings to 1935: A Descriptive and
Bibliographical Survey (with Subsidiary Entries to 1938), Vol. 1, (Melbourne University
Press, 1940.(Revised 1956)
Fowke, Edith, and Carole Henderson Carpenter, comp. A Bibliography of Canadian Folklore
in English. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1981 (CH, Sep'82).
Francis, Daniel. The Imaginary Indian: The Image of the Indian in Canadian Culture.
Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press, 1992.
Geoffrey Dutton (ed.), The Literature of Australia, Pelican, 1964.
Gillmor, Don, and Pierre Turgeon. Canada: A People's History. 2v. Toronto: McClelland &
Stewart, 2001.
H M Green, A History of Australian Literature, Angus and Robertson, 1961.
Hill, Charles C. Group of Seven: Art for a Nation. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1995.
Hillmer, Norman, and J.L. Granatstein. Empire to Umpire: Canada and the World to the
1990s. Toronto: Copp Clark Longman, 1994.
Hutcheon, Linda. As Canadian as--Possible--under the Circumstances! Toronto: ECW Press

& York University, 1990.
Ingles, Ernest, comp. Canada. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Clio Press, 1990.
Ingles, Ernie, and Gordon R. Adshead, comp. Bibliography of Canadian 3rd ed., updated,
rev. and enl. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994 (CH, Sep'95).
Itwaru, Arnold Harrichand, and Natasha Ksonzek. Closed Entrances: Canadian Culture and
Imperialism. Toronto: TSAR Publications, 1994.
Klinck, Carl F. Literary History of Canada: Canadian Literature in English, 2nd ed. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1976.
Lawrence Jones, Picking up the traces: the making of a New Zealand literary culture 1932-
1945, Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2003
Lynne Spender (ed.), Her selection: Writings by Nineteenth-Century Australian Women,

Penguin, 1988.
Patrick Evans, The Penguin history of New Zealand literature, Penguin, Auckland, 1990
Rachel Barrowman, A popular vision: the arts and the left in New Zealand 1930–1950,
Victoria University Press, Wellington, 1991
Roger Robinson and Nelson Wattie (eds), The Oxford companion to New Zealand literature,
Oxford University Press, Auckland, 1998
Senécal, André J. Canada: A Reader's Guide = Canada: introduction bibliographique, ed. by

Linda M. Jones with the assistance of Ginette Hébert and Claudine Guenette. 2nd ed. Ottawa:
International Council for Canadian Studies, 2000.
Smith, Allan. Canada--An American Nation?: Essays on Continentalism, Identity, and the
Canadian Frame of Mind. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994.
Staines, David. Beyond the Provinces: Literary Canada at Century's End. Toronto:
University of Toronto Press, 1995.
Terry Sturm.(ed)The Oxford History of New Zealand Literature in English. Auckland:

Oxford University Press, 1998.
Turner, Margaret E. Imagining Culture: New World Narrative and the Writing of Canada.
Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1995
Westell, Anthony. Reinventing Canada. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 1994.

William Wilde, Joy Hooton, Barry Andrews, The Oxford Companion to Australian
Literature, 2nd Ed.Oxford University Press, 1994.
Internet Resources
New Zealand Electronic Text Centre : http://www.nzetc.org/
Leaves from Australian Forests :
@http://www.middlemiss.org/lit/authors/kendallh/poeticalworks.html
Centre for Research in the New Literatures in English (CRNLE) :
http://ehlt.flinders.edu.au/english/CRNLE/CRNLE.html
Annotated Webliography of Literary Resources. : http://www2.gasou.edu/English/weblio.htm
The Literary Web : http://people.virginia.edu/~jbh/litweb.html
Voice of the shuttle : http://vos.ucsb.edu/
Canadian Studies : http://www.uibk.ac.at/amerikastudien/database/m03t03.html
Canadian Studies: A Guide to the Sources: http://www.iccs-ciec.ca/blackwell.html
Project Gutenberg Australia : http://gutenberg.net.au/pgaus.html
http://faculty.marianopolis.edu/c.belanger/quebechistory/encyclopedia/Canlite.htm

COURSE NO. 16 C-TRANSLATION STUDIES
Rationale
In the last few years Translation Studies has proved to be a discipline having an unparalleled
growth. The aim of this course is to examine translation in context and to look at ways in
which texts are manipulated in the process of transfer across languages and cultures. This
course examines the main theoretical concepts currently discussed in translation studies, and
demonstrates how they influence translation practice. By taking a cultural studies approach,
rather than a purely linguistic approach, the course seeks to explore the impact of translation
as a force for change and to trace the ways in which texts are received by readers in different
cultural contexts. The course will introduce the notion of a cultural transfer in relation to
literary and cultural texts. Particular attention will be paid to the notions of influence,
translation, reception and power relations.
Unit I
Central issues: Language and culture, Types of translation, Decoding and
recoding, Problems of equivalence, Loss and gain, Untranslatability, Science or
‘secondary activity’?
Unit II
History of translation theory: Problems of ‘period study’, The Romans, Bible
translation, Education and the vernacular, Early theorists ,The Renaissance , The
seventeenth century , The eighteenth century, Romanticism, Post-Romanticism, The
Victorians ,Archaizing ,The twentieth century
Unit III
The Task of the Translator: Walter Benjamin
On Linguistic Aspects of Translation:Roman Jakobson
Principles of Correspondence: Eugene Nida
Unit IV
Skopos and Commission in Translation Action: Hans J. Vermeer
The Politics of Translation: Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak
Translation, Community, Utopia: Lawrence Venuti
Unit V
Specific problems of literary translation: Structures, Poetry and translation,
Translating prose, Translating dramatic texts
Prescribed Texts :
Bassnett, S. (2002). Translation Studies. London: Routledge.
Venuti, Lawrence (ed.) (2000) The Translation Studies Reader London: Routledge,
Recommended Reading:
Baker, M. (ed.) (1998). The Routledge Encyclopaedia of Translation Studies. London:

Routledge.
Bassnett, S. & A. Lefevere (eds) (1991). Translation, History and Culture. London: Cassell.
Bassnett, S. & H.Trivedi (1999). Postcolonial Translation. Theory and Practice . London:
Routledge.
Even-Zohar, I. (1990). Polysystems Studies. Poetics Today. 11(1) Spring.
Gentzler, E. (2001). Contemporary Translation Theories (Revised, second edition).

Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Hardwick, L. (2000). Translating Words, Translating Cultures. London: Duckworth.
Holmes, J. (1988). Translated! Papers on Literary translation and Translation Studies.

Amsterdam: Rodopi.
Lefevere, A. (1992). Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. London:
Routledge.
Nord, C. (1997). Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained.

Manchester: St. Jerome.
Schulte R. & J. Biguenet (eds) (1992). Theories of Translation. An Anthology of Essays from
Dryden to Derrid. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Snell-Hornby, M., F. Pöchhacker & K. Kaindl (eds) (1994). Translation Studies: An

Integrated Approach . Amsterdam: Benjamins.
Steiner, G. (1975). After Babel. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Tymockzo, M. & E. Gentzler (eds) (2002). Translation and Power. Amherst and Boston:
University of Massachusetts Press.
Toury, G. (1995). Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Venuti, L. (1995). The Translator's Invisibility. A History of Translation. London: Routledge.
Internet Resources
The Center for Translation Studies : http://translation.utdallas.edu/
Translation Studies : http://www.ucl.ac.uk/translation-studies/
European Society of Translation Studies : http://www.est-translationstudies.org/
Scribd : http://www,scribd.com
McGill Translation Studies : http://www.mcgill.ca/conted-translation/



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Syllabus of M.A. Second Year

With Effect from June 2009

Paper Semester III Paper Semester IV

Aesthetics, a sub discipline of Axiology (a branch of philosophy), is closely associated with

4. Croce, B. Aesthetic as the Science of Expression and of the Linguistic in General.

Abhinavagupta. The Aesthetic Experience According to Abhinavagupta. Ed. and trans.

Amaladass, Anand. Philosophical Implications of Dhvani: Experience of Symbol Language

Anandavardhana. The Dhvanyaloka of Anandavardhana with the Locana of Abhinavagupta.

Bharata-muni. The Natyasastra. Trans. Manomohan Ghosh. Calcutta: Manisha Granthalaya,

Bhaskar, Roy. Reclaiming Reality: A Critical Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy.

Carroll, N. Philosophy of Art: A Contemporary Introduction. London: Routledge, 1999.

Eagleton, T., The Ideology of the Aesthetic, Blackwell, Oxford, 1990.

Gerow, Edwin. Indian Poetics. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1977.

Hogan, Patrick Colm. On Interpretation: Meaning and Inference in Law, Psychoanalysis,

Kelly, M. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Aesthetics, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998.

Kemal, S. Kant's Aesthetic Theory: An Introduction. London: Macmillan. 1997.

Lyas, C. Aesthetics. London: UCL Press, 1997

Manns, J.W., Aesthetics, M.E.Sharpe, Armonk, 1998.

Pandit, B. N. Essence of the Exact Reality or Paramarthasara of Abhinavagupta. Delhi:

Wolterstorff, N., Works and Worlds of Art, Clarendon, Oxford, 1980.

American Society for Aesthetics: Aesthetics On-line: www.aesthetics-online.org/

The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: www.iep.utm.edu/

Project Gutenberg: www.gutenberg.org/

Christian Classic Ethereal Library: www.ccel.org/

Question Paper Pattern

Question 1. Descriptive answer question on unit 1 with internal choice-16 marks

Callow, Philip. Chekhov: The Hidden Ground .London: Constable, 1998.

Kierkegaard, Søren The Concept of Irony. Indiana University Press 1971.

L. Golden, Aristotle on Tragic and Comic Mimesis OUP USA, 1992.

M. Charney, Comedy High and Low. OUP, 1978.

S. Critchley, On Humour. Routledge, 2002.

W. Nash, The Language of Humour. Longman, 1985.

Worcester, David. The Art of Satire. NY: Norton, 1969.

Question Paper Pattern

Question 1. Descriptive answer question on unit 1 with internal choice-16 marks

Austen, James C. and Donald A. Koch (eds.).Popular Literature in America: A Symposium in

Freccero, Carla. Popular Culture: An Introduction. New York: N Y U Press.1999.

Hoppenstand Gary,et al (eds.). Greenwood Encyclopedia of World Popular Culture.

Strinati, Dominic. An Introduction to the Theories of Popular Culture. Routledge, 1995.

Popular Culture: Resources for Critical Analysis: http://www.wsu.edu/~amerstu/pop/

Question Paper Pattern

Question 1. Descriptive answer question on unit 1 with internal choice-16 marks

Ayer, A. J. Voltaire. New York City: Random House, 1986.

Miller,B.S. The Plays of Kalidas. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 2009.

Stephens, W.O. Epictetus and Happiness as Freedom. London: OUP, 2007.

Strauss, Leo. Thoughts on Machiavelli. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995

Xenakis, J. Epictetus: Philosopher-Therapist. The Hague: E.J. Brill, 1969.

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: www.iep.utm.edu

The Tale of Gengi: www.taleofgenji.org

Internet Sacred Text Archive: www.sacred-texts.com

Question Paper Pattern

Question 1. Descriptive answer question on unit 1 with internal choice-16 marks

Birbalsing, Frank. (Ed.). Indenture & Exile. Toronto: TSAR, 1989.

Clifford Geertz: The Interpretation of Culture. London: Methuen, 1975.

Dhindsa, S.K. Indian Immigrants in United Kingdom: A Socio-Economic Analysis. New

Jaypalan, N. Foreign Policy in India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers, 2000.

Nile, Richard (Ed.). Australian Civilization. Melbourne: OUP, 1994.

Raymond, Williams. Culture and Society. UK: Penguin, 1958.

Rukmani, T. S. (Ed.). Hindu Diaspora: Global Perspectives. New Delhi: Munsilal

Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1993.

Sheffer, Gabriel. Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. Cambridge: Cambridge University