Chemical Bonds – Ionic Bonds

1. Identify the Number of Valance Electrons and Draw the Lewis Dot Structure
Notes: Scientists use Lewis Dot Structures to show the valance electrons of an element as dots.
Since bonding involves the valance shell electrons only, it is only necessary to illustrate those outer
electrons.
Group Number # of Valance
Element Lewis Dot Structure
(PT) Electrons

Calcium

Carbon

Hydrogen

Helium

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sodium

Aluminum

Notes: Remember that Metals tend to lose their electrons, falling back to their inner octet,
becoming smaller, forming positive “cations”. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons, filling up their
current energy levels, becoming larger, forming negative “anions”. Complete the chart below.
Element Lewis Dot # of Valance e- Gain/Lose ___ e- Valance Charge

Na 1 L1 +1

Be

Cl

Al

Ne

Ca

Mg
 Chemical Bonds – Ionic Bonds KEY
2. Identify the Number of Valance Electrons and Draw the Lewis Dot Structure
Notes: Scientists use Lewis Dot Structures to show the valance electrons of an element as dots.
Since bonding involves the valance shell electrons only, it is only necessary to illustrate those outer
electrons.
Group Number # of Valance
Element Lewis Dot Structure
(PT) Electrons
●
Calcium IIA 2 2 Ca●

●
Carbon IVA 14 4 ●C●
●
●
Hydrogen IA 1 1 H

●●
Helium VIIIA 18 2 He

●●
Oxygen VIA 16 6 ●O ●
●●
●●
VIIA 17 7
Fluorine :F :
●
●●
VIIIA 18 8
Neon :Ne:
●●
●
Sodium IA 1 1 Na

●
Aluminum IIIA 13 3 ●Al●
Notes: Remember that Metals tend to lose their electrons, falling back to their inner octet,
becoming smaller, forming positive “cations”. Nonmetals tend to gain electrons, filling up their
current energy levels, becoming larger, forming negative “anions”. Complete the chart below.

Element Lewis Dot # of Valance e- Gain/Lose ___ e- Valance Charge

●
Na Na 1 L1 +1
●
Be Be● 2 L2 +2
●●
Cl :Cl: 7 G1 -1
●
●
S : S: 6 G2 -2
●
●
Al Al● 3 L3 +3
●
●●
Ne :Ne: 8 0 0
●●
●
K K 1 L1 +1
●●
N ●N● 5 G3 -3
●
●
O :O : 6 G2 -2
●
●
Ca Ca● 2 L2 +2

●●
P
●P●
5 G3 -3
 ●
●
B ●B 3 L3 +3
●
●
Mg Mg 2 L2 +2
●