COURSE OUTLINE

EVIDENCE

*take note of A.M. No. 19-08-15-SC (AMENDMENTS TO THE REVISED RULES ON

EVIDENCE)

I.INTRODUCTION: Rule 128. Section 1 – Evidence Defined.

Cases:
Ong Chia V. Republic (328 SCRA 749)
People V. Ador (432 SCRA 1)
People V.Domingcil (419 SCRA 291)
Custodio V. Sandiganbayan (453 SCRA 24)

II. Basic Concepts:

a. Admissibility;
b. Relevancy;
c. Judicial Notice;
d. Judicial Admissions;
e. Kinds of Evidence.
f. Factum probandum and Factum probans

People vs. Fetalino, 525 SCRA 170

Zulueta vs. CA, 253 SCRA 699
People vs. Yatar 428 SCRA 504
People vs. Sartagod 221 SCRA 251

Related readings:
a. Article III, Section 2,3,12(1)(2)(3) 1987 Constitution;
b. Rules 128-130 (Sec. 1; Sec. 2; Sec.20 of Rule 130) Rules of Court.
c. Pars. (9); (h); and (k) of Rules on Electronic Evidence.

Cases:
1. Bill of Rights
People V. Domantay (307 SCRA 1 [1999])

2. Rule 129 Sec. 1, 2 & 3. Judicial Notice

State Prosecutors V. Muro (263 SCRA 505 [1994])
People v. Pugal (215 SCRA 247 [1994])
People v. Lintang (128 ASCRA 511 [1983])
Strategic Alliance V. Rodstock Securities Inc. (G.R. No. 178158,
December 4, 2009)
People v. Reanzares (344 SCRA 624 [2000])
People v. Tundag (342 SCRA 704 [2000])
Laureano v.Court of Appeals (324 SCRA 414)
People v. kulais (292 SCRA 551)

3. Rules 129 Section 4. Judicial Admissions

Agueza v. Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co. (271 SCRA 1 [1997])

PHILAMGEN v. Sweet Lines Inc. (212 SCRA 194 [1992])
Republic v. Court of Appeals (296 SCRA 171 [1998])
Alano v. Court of Appeals (283 SCRA 269 [1997])
People v. Solayao (262 SCRA 255 [1996])
Republic vs. CA 277 SCRA 633
People vs. Kulais 292 SCRA 551
Laureano vs. CA 324 SCRA 414
LBP vs. Banal 434 SCRA 543
Republic Glass Corp. vs. Qua 435 SCRA 489
Habagat Grill vs. DMC Urban Property Dev. Inc. 454 SCRA 653
Clarion printing house, Inc. vs. NLRC, 461 SCRA 27
 4. Factum probandum and Factum probans

Tantuico Jr. v. Republic. G.R. No. 89114, December 2,1991

Far East Marble (Phils.) Inc. v. CA, G.R. No. 94093, August 10,
1993
Salita v. Magtolis, G. R. No. 106429, June 13, 1994
Balitaan v. Court of First Instant of Batangas, 201 Phil. 311,
July 30,1982
Paranaque Kings Enterprises, Inc. v. Court of Appeals. February
26,1997
De Gala v. De Gala, 42 Phil. 771

III. Rule 130 (Secs. 20-25; Secs. 36-42) Rules of court

a. Testimony;
b. Witnesses;
c. Qualification of Witnesses;
d. Disqualification;
e. Parental and Filial Privilege;
g.Exceptions to Hearsy

Cases:
1. Rule 130 Section 20. – Witnesses
People v. taneo (218 SCRA 494 [1993]
People v. Balanon (G.R. No. 85248-49, prom. July 6,1994)
People v. Baid (G.R No. 129667 Prom. July 30, 2000)
Republic v. Court of Appeals (G.R No.116372, prom. January 18, 2001)
People v. Lagarto (G.R. No. 118828 prom. February 29, 2000)
People v. Salomon (G.R. No. 96848, prom. January 21, 1994)
Icutanim v. Hemandez and Vinson G.R. No. L-1709, January 8, 1948.
Carandag v. Cabatuando G.R. No. L-25384, October 26, 1973,
Addenbrook v. People. G.R. No. L-22995, June 29, 1967, 20 SCRA 494

2. Rule 130 Section 22 – Disqualification by reason of Marriage

Ordoño v. Daguigan (62 SCRA 270 [1975])

People v. Francisco (G.R. No. 568, July 16, 1947)
Arroyo v. Court of Appeals (203 SCRA 760 (1991)
Lacurom v. Jacoba (484 SCRA 206)
People v. Carlos (47 Phil. 626)
US v. Conception, G.R. 10396, July 29, 1915, 31 phil. 182
Lezama v. Rodriguez, G.R. L-25643, June 27, 1968, 23 SCRA 1166
People v, Castaneda, G.R. L-46306, February 27, 1979, 88 SCRA 562

3. Rule 130 Section 23 – Dead Man Statute

Guerrero v. St. Claires Realty, G.R. L-58164, Sept. 2, 1983, 124 SCRA
553
Goni v. Court of Appeals, G.R. L-27434, Sept.23, 1986, 144 SCRA 222
Razon v. IAC, G.R. 74306, March 16, 1992, 207 SCRA 234

4. Rule 130 Section 24 – Disqualification by Reason of Privileged

Communication
US v. Antipolo (G.R. 13109, March 6, 19180)
Fortich v. Court of Appeals (G.R. 120769, Febuary 12, 1997)
Lezama v. Rodriguez (23 SCRA 1166)
Alvarez v. Ramires (473 SCRA 72)
Genato v. Silapan (Adm. Case no. 4078, July 14, 2003)
Lim v. Court of Appeals (214 SCRA 273)
Krohh v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 108854 [1994])

5. Rule 130 Section 36 – Hearsay Rule

People v. Valero (112 SCRA 660 [1982])
People v. Damaso (212 SCRA 547 [1992])
Agcaoilo v. Molina (AM 94-979, October 25, 1995)
People v. Briosa (37 SCRA 336 [1971])
 People v. Mongado (28 SCRA 642 [1969])
People v. Quidato (297 SCRA 1 [1998])
People v. Cloud (265 SCRA 472 [1996])
Feria v. Court of Appeals (325 SCRA 525 [2000])

6. Rule 130 Section 37 – Dying Declaration

People v. De Joya (203 SCRA 343 [1991])
People v. Dunig (215 SCRA 469 [1992])
People v. Amaca (G.R. No. 110129 [1997])
People v. Sison (G.R. No. 109617, August 11, 1997)

7. Rule 130 Section 38 – Declaration Against Interest

People v. Bermal (June 19, 1997)

Concept of self-serving evidence:

NDC v Workmen’s Compensation, G.R. No. L-21724. April 27, 1967)
Exceptions

8. Rule 130 section 42- Part of the Res Gestae

People v. Amaca (G.R. No. 110129, August 12, 1997)
People v. tiozon (198 SCRA 236 [1991]
People v. Naranja (G.R. No.13288, June 30, 1960)
People v. Palomones (336 SCRA 80 [2000]
People v. Raquel (265 SCRA 248 [1996]

IV. Rule 130 (Secs. 26-35; Secs. 48- 51), Rules of Court

a. Admissions;
b. Offer of Compromise
c. Confessions;
a. Distinguished from admission
d. Res Inter Alios Acta Rule;
a. Eceptions
e. Similar Acts;
f. Opinion;
g. Character Evidence;

Cases:
1. Rule 130, Section 26 – Admissions of a Party
People v. Agustin (G.R. 110290, January 25, 1995)
Tuazon v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 113779-80, Febuary 23, 1995)
Manuel v. NC Construction Supply (G.R. No.127553, Sept. 23, 1996)
People v. Solayao (262 SCRA 255 [1993]
People v. Chua-uy (G.R. No. 128046, March 7, 2000)
People v. Cepeda (G.R. No. 124832, Febuary 1, 2000)

2. Rule 130 Section 27 – Offer of Compromise Not Admissible

People v. Lase (219 SCRA 584 [1993]
Trans-Pacific Industrial Supplies v. Court Appeals (G.R. No. 109172,
August 19, 1974)
People v.Buemio (G.R. No. 114011-22, December 16, 1996)
People v. Amaca (G.R. No. 11019, August 12, 1997)

3. Rule 130 Section 30 – Admission by conspirator

Gardiner v. Magsalin (G.R. No. 48185, August 18, 1941)
People v. Condemna 23 SCRA 910 [1968])
People v. Provo (37 SCRA 19 [1971])
People v. Puesca (87 SCRA 130 [1978])
People v. Cedon (233 SCRA 187 [1994])
People v. Camiling (424 SCRA 698)

4. Rule 130 Section 32 – Admission by Silence

US v. Bay (G.R. No. 9341, August 14, 1914)
People v. Navoa (143 SCRA 512 [1996])
People v. Luvendino (211 SCRA 38 [1992])
 5. Rule 130 Section 33 – Confession
People v. Agustin (240 SCRA 541 [1995])
People v. Salazar (266 SCRA 607 [1997])
People v. Tiozon (198 SCRA 368 [1991])
People v. Tujon (215 SCRA 559 ]1992])
People v. Macam (G.R. No. 91011-12, November 24, 1994)
People v. Olicares (299 SCRA 635 [1998])

6. Rule 130 Section 34 – Similar Acts of Evidence [[112

People v. Magpayo (226 SCRA 13 [1993])

7. Rule 130 Section 48 – Opinion Rule

Lim v. Court of Appeals (214 SCRA 273 [1992])
People v. Galleno (291 SCRA 761 [1998])

8. Rule 130 Section 49 – Opinion of Expert Witness

Cebu Shipyard v. William Lines (306 SCRA 762 [1999]

9. Rule 130 Section 51 – Character Evidence

People v. Soliman (101 SCRA 767)

V. Rule 130 (Secs. 1-19; 43-47). Rules of Court;

a. Documentary Evidence;
b. Best Evidence Rule;
c. Secondary Evidence
d. Parol Evidence Rule;
e. Interpretation Rule;
f. Hearsay;
g. Exception to Hearsay; and
h. Object Evidence.

Read with: Rule 11 (Sec. 1). Rules on Electronic Evidence.

Case;
1. Rule 130 Section 1 – Object as evidence
People v. Manalo (219 SCRA 656 [1993]
People v. Mapan Le (G.R. No. 188976, prom. June 29, 2010)
People v. Solar (G.R. No. 181494, prom. March 17, 2009)
20TH Century Fox Film Corporation v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 164 SCRA
[1988])
Columbia Picture Inc. v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 11276 September
20,1996)
People v. Choi (G.R. No. 152950, August 3, 2006)
People v. Malimit (264 SCRA 167 [1996])
People v. Jumamoy (221 SCRA 333 [1993])
People v. Flores (328 SCRA 461 [2000])
People v. Penaso (326 SCRA 311 [2000])
People v. Adoviso (309 SCRA 1 [1999])
Mallari v. Court of Appeals (265 SCRA 456 [1996])
People v. Rugay (291 SCRA 692 [1998])

2. Rule 130 Section 3 – Best Evidence Rule

Heirs of Gabatan v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No. 150206, prom. March 13,
2009)
Manila Mining Corporation v. Tan (G.R. No. 171702, prom. February 12,
2009)
Edsa Shang-ri la Hotel v. BF Corp. (G.R. No. 145842, June 27, 2008)
Borje v. Sandiganbayan (125 SCRA 736 [1983])
WIDORA v. Court of Appeals (212 SCRA 360 [1992])
People v. Tandoy (192 SCRA 28 [1990])
Security Bank v. Triumph Lumber (301 SCRA 537 [1999])

3. Rule 130 Section 5 – Secondary Evidence

 De Vera v. Aguilar (218 SCRA 602 [1998])
Heirs of dels Cruz v. Court of Appeals (298 SCRA 172 [1998])

4. Rule 130 Section 9- Parol Evidence Rule

Inciong v. Court of Appeals (157 SCRA 578 [1996])
NIA v. GAMIT (215 SCRA 436 [1992])
Gurango v. IAC (272 SCRA 333 [1992])
CKH Industrial & Develoment Corp. v. CA (272 SCRA 736 [1996])
Camacho v. Mun. of Baliuag (28 SCRA 466 [1914])
Pasuyuin v, IAC (193 SCRA 547 [1991)
Saming v. Dy (383 SCRA 131 [2002])
Mactan Cebu Inl. Court of Appeals (263 SCRA 763 [1996])
Cruz v. Court of Appeals (192 SCRA 209)
Maulini v. Serrano (7 SCRA 750)

5. Rule 130 Section 43- Entries in the Course of Business

PAL v. Ramos (March 23, 1992)

6. Rule 130 Section 44 – Entries of official Records

People v. Belmaldez (294 SCRA 317 [1998])
People v. Divina (221 SCRA 209 [1993])
People v. Leones (117 SCRA 382 [1982])
People v Crisostomo (160 SCRA 47 [1998])
Heirs of Cabais v. Court of Appeals (316 SCRA 388 [1999])
People v. San Gabriel (253 SCRA 184 [1996]
Feria v. Court of Appeals (325 SCRA 525 [2000])
7. Rule 130 Section 45 – Commercial List
Meralco v. Quisumbing (336 SCRA 172)

8. Rule 130 Section 47 – Testimony or Deposition at Formal Proceeding

People v. De Leon (210 SCRA 151 [1992]
People v. Ortiz v. Ortiz- Miyake (279 SCRA 145)

VI. Rule 131; Rule (Secs. 1-18).

a. Burden of proof;
b. Conclusive Presumption;
c. Disputable Presumption;
d. Presentation of Evidence;
e. Rights and Obligation of Witness;
f. Order of Examination;
g. Question;
h. Leading and Misleading;
i. Impeachment;
j. Character of Witness;
k. Exclusion and Separation of Witness;
l. Reference of Memorandum;
m. Part and Remainder of Transaction.Writing or Record;
n. Inspection of Writing Shown to Witness;

Read: Rule on Examination of child Witness (AM No. 00-4-07-SC; Dec.

15, 2000)

Cases:
1. Rule 131 Section 1 – Burden of proof
Jimenez v. NLRC (256 SCRA 84)
Quiajano v. Gonong (2 SCRA 601)
Mallari v. Court of Appeals (265 SCRA 456)
People v. Manalo (230 SCRA 309)

2. Rule 131 Section 2 – Conclusive Presumptions

Lozano v. Delos Santos (274 SCRA 452)
Tijam Sibonghanoy (23 SCRA 29)
Crisostomo v. Court of Appeals (32 SCRA 54)
Capilitan v, Dela Cruz (55 SCRA 706)
 SEAFDEC v. NLRC (206 SCRA 283)
Salen v. Dinglasan (198 SCRA 623)
LRT v. Natividad (397 SCRA 75)
Del San Transport v. C & A Transport (412 SCRA 524)

3. Rule 131 Section 3 – Disputable Presumptioms

People v. De Guzman (229 SCRA 795)
People v. Navaja (220 SCRA 524)
People v. Castaneda (252 SCRA 247)
People v. Simbulan (252 SCRA 537)
People v. Balluda (318 SCRA 503)
Feria v. Court of Appeals (325 SCRA 525)

4. Rule 132 Section 1 – Examination to be done in open court

People v. Estenzo (72 SCRA 428)

5. Rule 132 Section 2 – Proceeding to be recorded

People v. Obngayon (55 SCRA 465)

6. Rule 132 Section 3 – Rights and Obligations of a Witness in relation to the

right against self-incrimination
People v. Salveron (228 SCRA 92)
People v. Malimit (264 SCRA 167)

7. Rule 132 Section 4 – Order in the Examination of an individual witness

People v. Salas (143 SCRA 163)
Bachrach Motors v. CIR (86 SCRA 27)
People v. Padero (228 SCRA 27)

8. Rule 132 Section 6 – Cross Examination; its purpose and extend

People v. Fabre (385 SCRA 185)

9. Rule 132 Section 10 – Leading and Misleading Questions

People v. Caparas (118 SCRA 68)

10. Rule 132 Section 13 – How witness impeached by evidence of inconsistent

statements
US v. Baluyot (40 Phil. 385)
People v. Relucio (86 SCRA 2270)
People v. Winston de Guzman (228 SCRA 356)

11. Rule on Examination of Child Witness

Recto v. Republic (440 SCRA 79)

VII. Rule 132 (Secs. 19 – 40).

a. Classes of Documents;
b. Proof of Private Documents;
c. Proof of Genuinesess of Hand Writing;
d. Public Documents as Evidence;
e. Proof of official Records;
f. Public Records;
g. Judicial Records;
h. Notarial Records;
i. Alterations;
j. Offer of Evidence;
k. Objections;
l. Ruling;
m. Tender of Excluded Evidence;

Cases:
1. Rule 132 Section 19 – Classes of Documents
Joson v. Baltazar (194 SCRA 114)
Sales v. Court of Appeals (211 SCRA 858)
Lucente v. Evangelista (396 SCRA 627)
 Yturralde v. Azurin (28 SCRA 407)
Monteverde v. People (9387 SCRA 196)

2. Rule 132 Section 20 – Proof of private Documends

Raz v. IAC (184 SCRA 720)
Ong v. People (342 SCRA 372)

3. Rule 132 Section 22 – How genuinesess of handwriting proved

Layno v. people (213 SCRA 686)
Jacob v. Court of Appeals (224 SCRA 189)
Security Bank v. Triumph Lumber (301 SCRA 537)

4. Rule 132 Section 23 – Public documents as Evidence.

Dupilas v. Cabacungan (36 Phil. 254)

5. Rule 132 Section 132 – Offer of Evidence

Catuira v. Court of Appeals (236 SCRA 398)
Vda v. De Onate v. Court of Appeals (250 SCRA 283)
Sy v. Court of Appeals (330 SCRA 550)
Makasiray v. People (291 SCRA 154)
Sheraton Palace v. Quijano (64 O. G 9118)
Tuazon v. Court of Appeals (G.R. No.113779-80, Feb. 21, 1995)
Rumbaua v. Court of appeals (253 SCRA 78)
People v. Barellano (319 SCRA 567)
People v. Sanchez (308 SCRA 264)
People v. Franco (269 SCRA 211)
Philippine Bank of Commence v. Court of Appeals (195 SCRA 567)
Ramos v. Dizon (498 SCRA 17)

Vlll. Rule 133; and Rule 134.

a. Weight or Sufficiency of Evidence;

b. Preponderance;
c. Beyond Reasonable Doubt;
d. Extrajudicial Confession;
e. Circumstantial;
f. Substantial;
g. Evidence in Motion;
h. Perpetuation of Testimony;
i. Contents of Petition;
j. Notice and Service;
k. Order and Examination;
l. Reference to Court;
m. Use of Deposition;
n. Depisition Pending Appeal;

Cases:
1. Rule 133 Section 1 – Preponderance of evidence. How determined;
Section 2 – Proof Beyond reasonable doubt.
People v. Mejia (55 SCRA 453)
People v. matrimonio (215 SCRA 613)
People v. Gondora (265 SCRA 408)
People v. Malimit (264 SCRA 167)
People v. Turingan (282 SCRA 424)
People v. Espanol (256 SCRA 1370)
People v. Calegan (233 SCRA 537)
People v. Danao (253 SCRA 146)
People v. Jalon (215 SCRA 680)
People v. Cabiles (248 SCRA 207)
People v. Lorenzo (240 SCRA 624)
People v. Rigodon (238 SCRA 27)
Tin v. People (362 SCRA 594)

2. Rule 133 Section 4 – Circumstantial evidence. When sufficient

 People v. salvame (270 SCRA 766)
People v. Ramos (240 SCRA 191)
People v.Adofina (239 SCRA 67)

3. Rule 133 Section 5 – Substantial Evidence

Fabella v. Court of Appeals (282 SCRA 256)
PAL v. NLRC (263 SCRA 6380)
Villaflor v. Court of Appeals (280 SCRA 297)

lX. Rules 1-5, Rules on Electronic Evidence.

a. Cases covered by the Rules on Electronic Evidence;

b. Application of other Rules on Evidence;
c. Definitions;
d. Constructions;
e. Electronic Documents;
f. Admissibility;
g. Priviledged Communication;
h. Best Evidence Rule;
i. Authentication of Electronic documents.

Cases:
Vidallon-Magtolis v. Salud (469 SCRA 439)
Cuevas v. Muñoz (348 SCRA 592)
Garvida v. Sales (271 SCRA 767)
Heirs of Sabanpan v. Comorposa (408 SCRA 692)

X. Rules 6-11, Rules on Electronic Evidence

a. Electronic signature;
b. Authentication;
c. Disputable Presumptions (Electronic and digital Signatures);
d. Evidentiary Weight;
e. Integrity of Information and Communication System;
f. Business Records;
g. Exception to hearsay rule;
h. Method of Proof;
i. Examination of Witness;
j. Audio, Photographic, Video and Ephemeral Evidence.

XI. Rule on DNA Evidence – A.M. No. 06-11-5-SC

Cases:
People v. Umanito (G.R. No. 172607, April 16, 2009)
Tijing v. Tijing (G.R. No. 125901, March 8, 2001)
Ong v. Diaz (G.R. No. 171713, December 17, 2007)