 Document adopted by UN Conference on Environment and

Development (1st Earth Summit)held in Rio de Janeiro on 14 June

1992.

 178 nations voted to adopt the program

 ‘Action Program’ of UN international community

 Program in field of environment and development for 21st

century

 Comprehensive blueprint of actions : 300 page final document

 To be taken by organisations of UN, govts.,major groups :

globally, nationally,locally
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 Number 21 refers to agenda for 21st century

 Document divided into 4 Sections:

1)Social and economic dimensions of poverty, health,
environment, demographics, production.

2) Conservation and management of resources: the

atmosphere, forests, deserts, mountains, water, chemicals
and waste.

3) Strengthening the role of the most significant: women,

youth, NGOs, farmers, trade unions.

4) Methods of implementation: finance, institutions.

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 Document refers to Tourism in 3 sections:

- Chapter 11 states:
‘Govts. Encourage and support the management of wildlife and (…)eco-
tourism.

- Chapter 17 announces :
Coastal states should explore aims to expand tourism based and
recreation resource based marine living

- Chapter 36 finally calls for countries to :

Promote(…) actions good for environment and tourism(…) making
appropriate use of museums, heritage sites,zoos,botanical
gardens,parks and protected areas. 4
 Gen. objectives of Agenda 21 translated into specific responsibilities of
companies for sustainable tourism programs.

 Reorientation of operations of govts.,multinational co.s and trade org.

in tourism development

 Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) was created to

monitor and report on implementation of Agenda 21

 5 year review held in UN Gen.Assembly’s special session

 Last round of checking and monitoring held in 2002 in Johannesburg

in UN Conference on Sustainable Development called ‘Rio +10’
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 Agenda 21 - Liability of tourism companies in developing a sustainable tourism
program
 PRIORITY AREA OBJECTIVES
 I Minimize waste Producing more with less
 II Energy management and conservation Reduce energy waste and emissions
in the atmosphere
 III Management of drinking water resources Protect water quality and use
resources existing fair

 IV Management of water waste Minimize waste for the Protection

aquatic environment
 V Dangerous substances Replacement with more
environmentally friendly products
 VI Transport Reduce overall emissions in the
atmosphere /other effects
 VII planning and management of earth use Responding to the demand for
land in a fair manner, ensuring
that development contributes to preservation of cultures
 VIII Involve staff, customers and community on environmental issues -
Equal access to development and information
environment through consultation mechanisms
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 Section 1 : Social and Economic Dimensions

 International cooperation to accelerate sustainable

development in developing countries and related domestic
policies
 Combating poverty
 Changing consumption patterns
 Demographic dynamics and sustainability
 Protecting and promoting human health conditions
 Promoting sustainable human settlement development
 Integrating environment and development in decision-
making

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 Section 2 : Conservation and Management of Resources For
Development

 Protection of the atmosphere

 Integrated approach to the planning and management of land

resources

 Combating deforestation

 Managing fragile ecosystems: combating desertification and

drought

 Managing fragile ecosystems: sustainable mountain

development
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 Section 2 : Conservation and Management of Resources For
Development

 Promoting sustainable agriculture and rural development

 Conservation of biological diversity

 Environmentally sound management of biotechnology

 Protection of the oceans, all kinds of seas, including enclosed and

semi-enclosed seas, and coastal areas and the protection, rational use
and development of their living resources

 Protection of the quality and supply of freshwater resources:

application of integrated approaches to the development, management 9
and use of water resources
 Section 2 : Conservation and Management of
Resources For Development

 Environmentally sound management of toxic chemicals,

including prevention of illegal international traffic in
toxic and dangerous products

 Environmentally sound management of hazardous waste

 Environmentally sound management of solid wastes and

sewage-related issues

 Safe and environmentally sound management of

radioactive wastes
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 Section 3 :Strengthening The Role of Major Groups

 Global action for women towards sustainable and

equitable development

 Children and youth in sustainable development

 Recognizing and strengthening the role of indigenous

people and their communities

 Strengthening the role of non-governmental

organizations: partners for sustainable development

 Local authorities' initiatives in support of Agenda 21

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 Section 3 :Strengthening The Role of Major
Groups

 Strengthening the role of workers and their

trade unions

 Strengthening the role of business and

industry

 Scientific and technological community

 Strengthening the role of farmers 12

 Section 4 :Means of Implementation
 Financial resources and mechanisms

 Transfer of environmentally sound technology, cooperation and capacity-

building

 Science for sustainable development

 Promoting education, public awareness and training

 National mechanisms and international cooperation for capacity-building in

developing countries

 International institutional arrangements

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 International legal instruments and mechanisms
 http://www.unep.fr/shared/publications/pdf/3207-
TourismAgenda.pdf

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