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Concerning maritime security challenges in Southeast Asia: the number of pirate
attacks have declined in Malacca and Singapore Straits, but there have been some
dramatic increases in Indonesian waters of the South China Sea.
Would like your assessment of how regional players are improving and yet in some
cases failing to improve security in the area. What are the trends in piracy and your
recommendations on securing the sea lines in the area.
ANSWER: In July 2005, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore combined forces and
launched the Malacca Straits coordinated patrols involving navy patrol boats. In
September 2005, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore joined to launch coordinated air
patrols over the Malacca Strait, known as Eyes in the Sky. An agreement on standard
operating procedures and a cooperative air surveillance and intelligence exchange
group was agreed in 2006.
Two years later, Thailand
joined the scheme. As a
result of multinational
security cooperation by
littoral states, the number
of piracy incidents fell
steadily after 2004. By
2009, Southeast Asia
accounted for 45 out of
406 incidents globally, or
11%. This was the lowest figure recorded by the International Maritime Bureau since
1994. This demonstrated that regional states were capable of combining and
addressing a major transnational security challenge without the assistance of
external powers.
Recent figures indicate that piracy is on the rise in Southeast Asia. There are several
economic factors that account for this. As a result of the global financial crisis the
international shipping industry has suffered a down turn. This has had the effect of
freighters weighing anchor in Southeast Asian ports or in the South China Sea
waiting for new contracts. These ships have fallen victim to pirate attacks.
2
Piracy begins on land. Therefore when piracy rises it is due to the lack of action by
local authorities. When Southeast Asian states come together to tackle this problem
as they did in 2005‐06, piracy declines. Malaysia and Singapore are much more
effective than Indonesia which lacks the capability to enforce sovereignty in its vast
maritime domain.
Japan also initiated a regional initiative known as ReCAAP, the Regional Cooperation
Agreement on Combating Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships in Asia. This has
been effective in sharing vital information and other intelligence about pirate
attacks. However, national sovereignty concerns by Southeast Asian states make it
difficult for external powers to assist in the suppression of piracy.