1.

PARTS OF SPEECH
 En Inglés existen 8 tipos de componentes gramaticales o clases de
palabras (Parts of Speech). La function que cada palabra cumple dentro de una
frase determina su clase o categoría gramatical (part of speech)

 Una misma palabra puede cumplir más de una función en diferentes

contextos, y, por lo tanto, pertenecen a más de una clase; ejemplos:

We often study geography together.(verb) He drew a picture of the sea. (noun)

He has a large desk in his study (noun) Can you picture me as an acrobat? (verb)
We finished our work in study hall.(adj) Our picture window is cracked. (adj)

2. ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS

2.1. LA ORACIÓN SIMPLE: Estructura:
En Inglés, no existen formas diferentes para los sujetos y los
complementos, por ese motivo, para distinguirlos debemos ceñirnos al orden de
las palabras, ya que de dicho orden depende el significado de la oración.
Los partes de la oración son: sujeto, verbo, objeto, complemento y
adverbiales. Hay 5 estructuras principales que usamos para formar una oración
simple:
1. SUJ VERB
My arms are aching
2. SUJ VERB OBJ
I need a rest.

Five people are moving the piano

El sujeto y el objeto pueden ser pronombres (I) o
sustantivos (the piano)

3. SUJ VERB COMPL

This piano is heavy

It was a big problem

El complemento puede ser un adjetivo (heavy) o
un sintagma nominal (a big problem). El
complemento va, normalmente detrás del verbo
be, aunque también puede ir detrás de los verbos
appear, become, get, feel, look, seem, stay o
sound.

4. SUJ VERB ADV

It is on my foot

Their house is nearby

Un adverbial puede ser una frase preposicional
(on my foot) o un adverbio (nearby)

5. SUJ VERB OBJ OBJ

It ‘s giving me backache.
Usamos dos objetos (Complmento directo e indirecto) con verbos como give y
send
 2.2. ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS
El orden habitual de las oraciones afirmativas es:

SUJ VRB OBJ1 OBJ2 MODO LUGAR TIEMPO

I told you the story secretly at school yesterday

2.2.1. Posición de los adverbiales (complementos circunstanciales)

a. Adverbios de modo: (slowly, carefully, etc.)
Se sitúan detrás del OBJ, o del VERBO si no hay OBJ
He drove his car carefully

He drove carefully
b. Adverbios de lugar: (here, there, venid, etc.)
También se ponen detrás del OBJ o VERBO
I didn’t see him here

He stayed behind
c. Adverbios de tiempo: (recently, now, yesterday)
Normalmente van al final de la oración,
I will tell you the story tomorrow
Si no queremos poner énfasis en el tiemp, podemos ponerlo al principio de la
oración:
Tomorrow, I will tell you the story
d. Adverbios de frecuencia: (often, usually, always, etc.)
Se ponen directamente delante del verbo principal.
I often go swimming on Sundays
Si el verbo es be, los adverbios se sitúan detrás de éste.
We are usually here in the summers
2.3. ORACIONES NEGATIVAS
Las oraciones negativas siguen el mismo orden que las afirmativas pero
incluyendo un auxiliar o partícula negativa en el verbo:
SUJ VRB OBJ1 OBJ2 MODO LUGAR
TIEMPO
I will not tell you the story secretly at school

yesterday

I don’t like horror movies

2.4. ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS
Las oraciones interrogativas también siguen el orden SVO pero, normalmente,
ponemos un verbo auxiliar delante del sujeto. Si utilizamos partículas
interrogativas (palabras WH: what, when, where, who, etc), estas irán siempre
situadas al principio de la oración

WH AUX SUJ VRB O1 O2 M L T

What did you do - - - - yesterday ?

- Did you like the film ?

Normalmente no usamos auxiliares cuando preguntamos por el sujeto, en este

caso, la partícula interrogativa simplemente ocupa el lugar del sujeto.
Who asked the question?
 ACTIVITIES
Parts of the sentence
1. Mike and Harriet are on holiday. They have written a postcard to
David and Melanie. Look at each underlined phrase and say what
part of the sentence it is: subject, verb, object, complement or
adverbial.
► We're having a great time. object
1 The weather is marvellous. 4 We're on a farm.
2 We really enjoy camping. 5 We like this place.
3 It's great fun. 6 The scenery is beautiful.
2. For each underlined word in the following sentences, identify and
then write the part of speech on the line next to the number.
1. They attended the concert last weekend.
2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage.
3. The truck driver delivered the packages
quickly.
4. Fast runners won all the awards at the
track meet.
5. My friends and I walked home after school.
6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly
sandwich for lunch yesterday.
7. She was counting the ballots during
social studies class.
8. Hey ! That is my seat.
9. Will they finish the test on time?
10. The diagram was pretty complicated
 Sentence structure
3. After moving the piano, the five friends had a rest and a cup of
tea. Look at this part of their conversation and then write the
letters a)- e) in the correct place.
a David: That was a difficult job. ► Subject + verb b
b Tom: I agree. 1 Subject + verb + object …….
c Mike: I'm on my deathbed. 2 Subject + verb + complement …….
d David: They should give us a medal. 3 Subject + verb + adverbial …….
e Harriet: I've made some more tea. 4 Subject + verb + object + object …....
 Word order
4. Put the words in the correct order and write the statements.
► is / Melanie / very nice Melanie is very nice.
1 football / likes / Tom ….…………………………………………………………………………………
2 an accident / David / had …………..………………………………………………………………………..
3 moved / the piano / we .……………………………….……………………………………………………
4 a tall woman / Harriet / is ……………………………………………………………………………………..
5 sat / on the floor / everyone …………………………………………………………………………………….
6 gave / some help / Mike's friends / him …………………................................................