Synonyms

Devastated Ruined beau Male friend

Staggering overwhelming exhibit Show
considerable Substantial penchant Propensity
enactment performance persecuted Harassed
maintain Preserve broader wider
unsubstantiated unverified Singled out Isolated
advocates Proponents Fields of inquiry Studies
prior Preceding susceptibility Vulnerability
peak Maximum Apace with As fast as
trend Tendency meteoric Rapid
surging Accelerating foremost Leading
strength Basis Depicted described
extracting Removing assumption Belief
inaccessible Unreachable intensive concentrated
distinctions Differences pursue chase
magnify Increase spanning Covering
roughly Approximately emitting Producing
prospect Possibility merely Only
raw Unprocessed appreciated Recognized
compile Put together brittle Easily broken
subtle Imagined coarse crude
prevails Dominates ubiquitous Omnipresent
Largely Generally rejects retrieve Recover, regain
renounces raze Demolish, ruin
homogenous Uniform versatile Flexible, pliable
Casts off Gets rid of utilitarian Useful, practical
bizarre Odd reciprocal Mutual,
characterized Distinguished exchangeable
vivid Clear resilient Elastic, flexible,
elaborate Intricate rebounding
tyranny Domination retribution Vengeance,
loomed Weave, wove compensation
rue Regret, mourn prestige Fame, reputation
sanguine Cheerful, hopeful promontory Natural elevation
sovereign Excellent, punitive punishing
independent Abandon Lacking restraint,
sporadic No pattern relinquish
spurn reject Abridge Condense,
succulent Delectable, shorten
enjoyable Abrogate Abolish
Tangible Real, palpable Accelerate Faster, hasten
taunt Mocking, Accord agreement
insulting Adverse unfavorable
tenuous Slim, thin Blemish Deformity,
Tranquil serene defect
untenable indefensible Condolence Sympathy
venerable honored Compatible Harmonious,
waive Give up similar
voluntarily, disposition
yield, relinquish Coalition partnership
mediocre Average, Credence Credit, faith
ordinary Devastation destroyed
mercenary Profit oriented Disconcert Conguse, upset
meticulous Excessively dissent disagree
careful, cautious Allure attract
mottled spotted Anarchy Lawlessness,
nautical marine disorder
notorious Disreputable, Anonymous unknown
infamous Apprehend Perceive, arrest
novice beginner Aptitude Intellegnece,
oblivious Unmindful, talent
forgetful Apprise inform
paradox Contradiction Attribute Reputation,
pedant Overly hoonor
concerned with Augment Increase (in size,
formal rules quality, etc)
peremptory dictatorial Autocratic dictatorial
platitude Dullness, Awry distorted
commonplace Captious Intented to
statement confuse in an
prerogrative privilege argument
Credible Capable of resilience
Compensation Something given Flaunt shamelessly
for a service Fluctuate Waver, shift
Consensus agreeement Grimace Facial distortion
Depreciate Little worth to show feelings
(belittle) Hail Salute, greet,
Disconcert Confuse, upset, praise
embarrass imminent Impending, about
Discrete Separate, distinct to accur
Disparate unrelate Impeccable perfect
Dispatch expedition Implacable Not to be
diverse Various relieved
Dogmatic Rigid, inflexible, Implicit implied
doctrinal Import Bring in from
dynamic energetic another country
demeanor behavior impostor False identity
Cringe Disgust, Impregnable Invulnerable
embarassment Incisive cutting
Credence Credit, faith incumbent obligatory
Edify Instruct Indigenous Native, original
Entreat Plead, beg Ingenious Clever,
Equable Uniform, tranquil resourceful
erratic unpredictable incognito In disguise
exceptionable Open or liable to inhibit Restrain, prevent
objection, debate inordinate excessive
Expatriate Exile, withdrawn Integrity wholeness
Exposition Exhibition, or Itinerant Wandering,
part of play that travelling
provides Judicious Wise, prudent
background info Lucid Clear, intelligible
Extinct Vanished, dead Luminary Celebrity,
Facade appearance dignitary
Feasible Practical, Lethal Fatal, deadly
possible longevity Long life
Fetish Irrational lavish Liberal, profuse
devotion fictitious Imaginary
Flaccid Firmness,
16 GRAMMAR
Grammar
1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
express something that you do everyday ( your daily activity ) and it used for general
statements of fact and  timeless truths. In the Simple Present Tense we usually use : always,
often, usually, generally, habitually, seldom, etc.
S + verb1 (s/es)
She reads book in library

2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

express something or an action that happening when you are talk about that.
S + is/am/are + Ving
I am studying in a high school

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Express something that happening in the past. But not in a spesific time.
S + Has/have + v3
He has made this colorful chart

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

express to say something or an action that happening in the past and continue until now, or in
the future.
S + Has/have + been + V ing + since/for
She has been working there since 2017

5. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

express something or an action that has finished in the particular time in the past.
S + V2
He completed the assignment

6. PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

express an action that happen in the past and it happening for few time, and that’s not
important to know when it happen. Past Continous Tense is usually used to express two
 action that in progress close to another activity or time in same time in the pas, for this
purpose we usually use : when, while, and as.
S + was/were + V ing
He was reading the book

7. PAST PERFECT TENSE

express an action that happen in the past and finished in the past, sometimes we use to Past
Perfect Tense to replace Simple Past.
S + had + v3
I had finisherd my home work
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE
express an action in the past. Some times it usually An action that happen in the first time
S + had + been + V ing
I had been playing football since morning

9. SIMPLE FUTURE TENS

express an action that will happen in the future or will doing in the future, in particular time.
S + will/shall + v1
I shall go to park for a walk

10. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

expressed an action that will be in progress at time in the future. Futre Continouse Tense
usually use : at this time, tomorrow, etc.
S + will/shall be + Ving
He will be playing football

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

express an action that will be completed before another time in the future, for Present Future
Perfect Tense we usually use : by next month, by next year, by the end of this month.
S + will have + V3
He will have played football

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

emphasize the duration of an action that will be in progress before another time or event in
the future .
S + will have been + v ing
He will have been watching the TV for fifty minutes

13. PAST FUTURE TENSE

expressed an action that will happen in the future or have been done in the past but that
action is not going to happen because of something.
S + would + v1
I told that I would leave in one hour

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

an action that will be in progress in particular time in the future.
 S + should/would + be + Ving
I told that I would be doing work all the day long

15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

expressed an action that will completely done in particular time in the past.
S + should/would + have + V3
She said that she would have done her work

16. PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

expressed an action that will be in progress in particular time in the past.
S + would have been + Ving
He said that I should have been working here for 2 hours by that time
CONJUNCTION
because To show reason She usually eats at home, because she likes cooking
although Two opposite Although he speaks seldom, he says meaningful
statements words
whereas Show contrast She is very funny whereas he is boring
but Two ideas that are I am very hungry, but the fridge is empty
opposites
besides Preposition, also She speakes three languages besides spanish
unlike Not similar to Jack is completely unlike his father
therefore Show the result of She came first. Therefore she got a good seat
action
provided Only if, if They can listen to music provided they disturb nobody
unless Except on the You don’t need to go unless you want to
condition that
since Show result Since I see you, I am better
so Show result Whoever says so is a liar
if Show condition Let me know if you go to the school
yet contrast We haven’t finished eating the watermelon yet
despite Introduce fact that Despite all her faults, everybody likes her
is in contrast with
other fact

CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTION
Both…and… Michael can both read and write
Not only…but also… Not only Mary but also Gabriel is from italy
Either…or… I can have either cola or tea
Neither…nor… Neither George nor his brother is very tall
So…as… Her history isn’t so boring as theirs
No sooner…than… We had no sooner gone to bed than the phone rag
The more…the more… The more you can dream, the nore you can do
So…that… He felt so angry that he threw all the stuff away
Hardly…when… I had hardly closed my eyes when she came
Such…that… She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her
Whether…or… He must di it, whether he likes it or not
As…as… He’s not singing as loudly as he can
Rather…than… I would rather go oyt than stay at home today
Scarcely…when… Scarcely had I gone to bed when the doorbell rang
USE PRESENT TENSE AFTER TIME CLAUSES. DO NOT USE FUTURE
 Time clauses --- when, as, as soon as, while, after, until, before
 Example :
As soon as I gradute , I will get a job
After the movie ends, head back to class
While I mow the lawn, my brother will be trimming the trees
I will go to the beach after it stops raining

DEFINED vs. UNDEFINED ARTICLES

 A is used for undefined nouns, The is used for things that are defined.
 The is used for :
1. Specific or defined object
The school’s soccer field was in need of upgrades
2. If it’s something that has been mentioned before
the restaurant you recommended was great
3. With superlatives
This is the best score you’ve ever gotten on a test
4. With ordinal numbers
The cafe is the second building on the right

COULD, SHOULD, WOULD

 Could --- (1) things you were able to do in past, (2) future possibilities, (3) polite request
 Should --- give advice
 Would --- (1) what you’d do in unlikely situations, (2) offer something politely

IRREGULAR PLURAL FORM

Singular Plural
knife Knives
wife Wives
leaf Leaves
man Men
woman Women
Mouse Mice
foot Feet
Tooth Teeth
Child Children
Deer Deer
Tuna Tuna
Fish Fish
Series Series
 Quiz Quizzes
crisis Crises
analysis Analyses
diagnosis diagnoses
symposium Symposia
person peopla
index Indices
aircraft Aircraft
sheep Sheep
bacterium Bacteria
fungus Fungi
cactus cacti
alumnus Alumni
phenomenon phenomena
medium media

OBJECT PRONOUN vs REFLEXIVE PRONOUN

 Object pronoun : kata ganti orang yang perannya sebagai object verb (me, youm him, her, it,
us, them)
 Reflexive pronoun : kata ganti orang untuk mengembalikan sesuatu ke diri sendiri (myself,
himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves)

ADJECTIVE ORDER
 Adjective order adalah urutan yang digunakan saat menyebutkan lebih dr 1 adjective
 Urutannya sebagai berikut :
Quantity  opinion (pendapat pribadi)  size  physical qulity (ex. Ancient, good)  age
 color  origin  material  type  purpose

Ex.
1. A beautiful little young Japanese girl (quantity – opinion – age – origin)
2. Some horrible old Indonesia horror stories (quantity – opinion – age – origin – type)
3. Two mysterious big round ancient wooden house (quantity – opinion – physical quality –
shape – age – material)

POSSESIVE PRONOUN vs POSSESIVE ADJECTIVE

 Possesive pronoun : kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan
 Possesive adjective: kepemilikan seseorang atas benda
Pronoun Possesive Possesive
Pronoun adjective
I My Mine
You your Yours
They Their Theirs
We Our ours
She Her hers
He His His
It Its Its