NOUN

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Definition
• A noun is a word for a person, place, or thing. Everything we can see
or talk about is represented by a word that names it. That "naming"
word is called a noun
• Often a noun will be the name for something we can touch (e.g., lion,
cake, computer), but sometimes a noun will be the name for
something we cannot touch (e.g., bravery, mile, joy).

• Concrete Noun ; bisa di sentuh

• Abstract Noun : tidak bisa dilihat langsung atau di sentuh

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Kinds of Nouns
Person :
Budi, Brother, judge, athlete, teacher, mother-in-law, man, scientist, pharmacist
:
dog, lizard, rat, shark
:
Neighborhood, country, city, school, class, house, London, factory, shelter

:
Book, shoe, flower, pencil, car, bike, table, London Bridge, chisel, nitrogen, month, inch, cooking

:
Pride, skill, truth, democracy, success, confusion, kindness, faith, Theory of Relativity, joy
Action :
reading, swimming, a fine drawing, English - Politeknik META Industri
Ending Noun
• -ity → nationality
• -ment → appointment
• -ness → happiness
• -ation → relation
• -hood → childhood

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Number of noun
1. Singular
A noun that denotes only ONE person or thing is said to be in the SINGULAR NUMBER
Example : book, pen, dictionary, father, goose

2. Plural number
A noun that denotes MORE THAN ONE person or thing is said to be in the PLURAL NUMBER
Formation of Plurals
a. The usual construction of plural nouns from singular nouns is to add –s to the end of the word.
Pencil-pencils, Cow-cows, House-houses
b. Noun ending in –s, -sh, -ch, -o, -x, or –z from the plural ending by adding –es
Bus-buses, Branch – Branches, Fox – Foxes, potato – potatoes,
c. A few nouns ending in –o merely add –s
Studio-studios, portfolio - portfolios, bamboo-bamboos,
d. Noun ending in –y preceded by a consonant, from their plural by changing –y into –i and adding –es
Story – stories, hobby-hobbies, Army-armies, fly-flies, baby-babies
Except : Toy-toys, day-days, joy-joys, play-plays, photo-photos, radio-radios,
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e. Changing the inside vowel of the singular
singular Plural singular plural
man men analysis Analyses foot feet
woman women thief thieves mouse mice
tooth teeth goose geese fisherman fishermen

f. Some require en to add at last

Ox – oxen ; child – children;
g. Some noun have the singular and the plural alike
Sheep, deer, swine, cod, trout, salmon, aircraft, spacecraft, series, species,
pair, score, hundred, gross

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Some and Any
Some Any Examples
Refer to an unknown number Refer to an unknown number or
There are some birds in your garden
or quantity quantity

We don’t have any time to get popcorn before the film

Used with uncountable and Used with uncountable and countable
starts(time is uncountable)
countable nouns nouns
We still have some apples on the tree(apples are countable)

We don’t have any chicken left for dinner(chicken is singular)

Used with singular and plural
Used with singular and plural nouns It’s such nice weather; let’s invite some friends round for a BBQ
nouns
(friends is plural)

Used in positive sentences I would love to try some of that food, it looks delicious!

I don’t need any help with my homework; I can do it on my

Used in negative sentences
own.

Used in questions Do you have any brothers or sisters?

Used in questions that are

Can I get you something to drink whilst you wait?
offering/making requests
Used in positive sentences to mean “it
There’s no seating plan, you can sit anywhere you like.
doesn’t matter which”

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Much and Many
Much
Used with singular, uncountable nouns
Most commonly used with questions and
negative statements
Occasionally used with positive statements when: Occasionally used with positive statements when: earning a lot!
a) used with so, as or too
b) more formal, written texts
Lots of/a lot ofis more common
If used before articles, demonstratives,
possessives or pronouns, it is followed by ‘of’
Many
Used with plural, countable nouns
Most commonly used with questions and
negative statements
a) used with so, as or too
b) more formal, written texts
Lots of/a lot ofis more common
If used before articles, demonstratives,
possessives or pronouns, it is followed by ‘of’
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Examples
There aren’t many doctors in the hospital today. (doctors
are countable)
Too many people drop litter in the street. (people are
countable)
There isn’t much light in this room so let’s open the
curtains. (light is uncountable)
Too much money was spent on the Royal Wedding.
(money is uncountable)
How many apples do you want?
How much time does it take to get to your house form
here?
I don’t think many people agree with her views on
marriage.
There wasn’t much noise coming from the house, even
though there was a party going on.
He has too many tattoos.
Sarah has so much money at the moment; she must be
John earns as much money as Sarah.
There have been many allegations against him from
members of his team.
We believe there is still much work to be done in the area
of public health.
How much of this book have you read?
Not many of the students come from privileged
backgrounds.
I couldn’t ride a bike for much of my childhood.
How many of them are under the age of 30?
Few and Little
Few A few Little A little Examples
Used with singular, The play made
uncountable nouns little sense to me,
to mean ‘not as but I’m glad you
much’ enjoyed it.
There
Used with plural, are few tourists at
countable nouns to this time of year so
mean ‘not as many’ the beaches are nice
and quiet.
We have a little time
Used with singular,
before the play
uncountable nouns
starts so why don’t
to mean ‘some’
we get a drink?
Used with plural, We stayed in Spain a
countable nouns to few days before
mean ‘some’ going on to France.

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