Assignment 1 1

Essentially, there are various reasons why environment requires attention and care

from particular groups of individuals. Indeed, a serene landscape is conducive not only for

recreation purposes but also preserve the aesthetic value of nature. On the other hand,

different stakeholders have different motives towards the environment and the surrounding
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ecosystem of a given place. For instance, some like economists who are business-oriented

views natural resources with nature regarding dollars, while others like ecosystem

conservationists view the beautiful nature as a place, which demands care and protection

from extinction. As an overview, the paper comprises three cases, which include Hetch

Hetchy, Strom king and an Act of Clean Air Amendment of 1990. In the case of Hetch

Hetchy project, there are wilderness defenders and reservoir proponents to replace the

beautiful nature of more advanced utilities such as increased water supply among others. For

the Strom King Power project, it closely deals with the concept of environmentalism, Hudson

Valley and the energy and the Clean Air Act environment of 1990, focus on the role of the

economist in pollution of the environment and the policies imitated to control pollutant. In

conjunction with this, the paper depicts a typical proportion of different individuals with

diverse opinions regarding the natural environment. For instance, there exists an incredible

debate and antagonism between the San Francisco project proponents and the preservationists

of the wilderness. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore and make some comparisons on the

various components including stakeholders, policies, plans, Acts and strategies discussed in

the Hetch Hetchy, Stormy king and the Clean Air environmental Act.

As earlier indicated, there exist diverse stakeholders in every case; for instance, the

primary actors in the Hetch case or San Francisco include those who are dollar-oriented and

the preservationists of the wilderness. According to the proponents of the project, the desert is

not as much use to the people and thus incorporating the reservoir, will attract more utilities

such as the production of hydroelectric power. On the contrary, the wilderness defenders

claim that dollars cannot purchase everything and specifically the aesthetic nature of the

wilderness. In fact, John Muir one of the preservationists suggests that the beauty of the

valley is crucial as bread as well as for playing and praying reasons. To echo Muir's message,
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Horace, took the trouble to embrace and preach the need for preserving the beauty available

in the humankind ecosystem.

On the other hand, there exists a similarity between the Hetch and Strom King cases.

In Strom case, there is the role played by the historians in the interest and desirability to

preserve the aesthetic conditions of the environment. In relation with this, the environmental

stewards, that is the historian for this case, observed forests and waters assumed a various

form of wastes in the country and thus the urgency in developing intervention measures to

enhance the safe use of such resources. Indeed, the conservation movement came in to

facilitate the same role. Moreover, in the Hetch case, there were two distinct groups that

fought for the preservation of the aesthetical valley and greatly opposed the idea of

substituting the wilderness with the dam. For instance, the Sierra Club and the Appalachian

Mountain club changed their identity to California society preservation for parks and

Appalachian group respectively for prosecuting the San Francisco project.

 Another similarity basis on the Clean Air Act, whereby the impacts of acid rain due

to high emissions of sulphuric acid in the atmospheric is dominant in the Eastern U.S, as well

as the Midwest and the Appalachian regions. Also, in the Strom King especially during post

second world war, the environmentalists questioned the industrial and the type of agricultural

practice in place. For example, excessive application of the synthetic products such as

fertilizers and pesticides altered the environmental processes.

Notably, both the Strom King Power and the Hetch projects were in the era of

Theodore Roosevelt as the president. For instance, in the case of Strom king, Roosevelt

witnessed the vibrant New Deal Programs, which involved public land, wildlife projects and

individuals working in rivers. Similarly, in the Hetch perspective, Roosevelt says that

protecting the forest is not the only task, but rather to facilitate sustainability as well as
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increasing the related resources for industrial growth. In other words, in his reign, Roosevelt

supported the concept of protecting the aesthetic value.

As the debate continues in each case, the involved stakeholders either the

preservationists or proponent had the comprehensive way of supporting their evidence to

witness credible results. For example, in the Strom King case, the historians pressed for

practical reforms that can aid manage the natural resources efficiently. Thus, out of their

tireless actions, they witnessed plans such as sustainable forest management, measures for

controlling flood and construction of reservoirs to enhance the generation of hydroelectric

power. On the contrary, the Hetch project aims to discourage the wilderness preservationists

by individuals and the relevant authorities. For instance, during the hearings involving public

land committee, the San Francisco proponents such as Pinchot argue that conservation can

only be useful if it is for serving the needs of many people. Again, when the Hetch case left

under the control of the Senate, the application acquires most of the votes compared to the

argument presented by the preservationists.  Finally, Wilson grants San Francisco the

permission for implementation. However, the preservationists feel demoralized to loss the

debate for the sake of the so-called civilization.  

On the other hand, the critical, significant changes for the case of Hetch project will

leave the area open once the policy passed by the Senate takes the course. Thus, eliminating

the appealing aesthetic value of nature, solitary and sacred places. Also, the Yosemite

national park may never to exist in naturalistic view in case the San Francisco policy replaces

the wilderness. According to Henry, the wilderness beauties of America is beyond monetary

value. Therefore, this aspect of converting the desert into a place for modern civilization,

Abbott considers it as a mistake and dramatically condemns proponents of this motion for

turning the trees and available water into dollars.

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As a result of a conversion, the wilderness could, in turn, lost its beauty, but according

to the proponents, it would remain relevant to the massive population through other services

such as a provision of adequate water, recreation purposes, production of hydroelectric power

and sites for fishing among others advantages. In support of this idea, San Francisco

proponents such as Phelan suggests that all stakeholder would benefit equally including

women and children would enjoy the reservoirs bay. Also, Phelan outlines that only a few

individuals gained from the solitary nature of the wilderness.

For the Clean Air Act, the provision of the Title IV aid reduces the emission of the

Sulphur dioxide mainly from the electricity generators. In turn, this reduces the overall

greenhouse gases within the atmosphere. Therefore, with the amendment of this Act or policy

grants the companies of firms' opportunities to compensate for their greenhouse gas

emissions and specifically Sulphur dioxide. However, for the Strom King, most of the

pollution witnessed originate from the urban settings. Indeed, due to increased urban

population and higher levels of industrialization, there are more waste effluents within cities

and towns which necessitate for environmental awareness on dealing with consequences of

high society and industrialization.

Moreover, in the Strom King Power project, there is an aspect of energy as the title

indicates. Energy regarding electricity is essential in stimulating business activities. For the

survival of many plants of firms, they tend to locate near each other to enjoy the benefit of

the scales. However, production of hydroelectric is essential since no greenhouses emitted

into the atmosphere. It is cheap to generate power if there is plenty of water supply. On the

other hand, in the Hetch project seek to implement energy production initiatives using water

from a reservoir to run the turbines. All these forms of energy are preferred compared to the

oil or petroleum especially I the running of the factories and plants. Most firms have been

accountable for the air pollution due to an emission of poisonous gases into the atmosphere.
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In conclusion, it is vital to protect the environment sustainably without compromising

the existing resources at the future generations. The decision of the Storm King plant was a

stunning victory, and this decision gives public a growing environmental awareness that the

constructor would consider the natural environment rather than getting sufficient interests in

the future. Again, preserving the beautiful nature of the climate gives the country a sense of

belonging. As pointed out earlier, not everything is purchasable via monetary value. On a

broader perspective, firms and plants utilizing petroleum or oil as the primary source's energy

should avoid the excessive emission of greenhouse gases including the sulphuric dioxide

which contains hazardous compounds that constitute acid rain. Similarly, the companies not

following the Clean Air Act rules and regulations, strict measures should be in place to guide

their way of manufacturing and processing. For instance, failure to pay polluter pay fee or

allowances a company should receive some form of penalty.