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FORENSIC MEDICINE

Final Part-1 M.B.,B.S (6/2019)

5 Medical Universities’ Test Questions

Introduction

1. Write short notes: Enumerate the role of Forensic Medicine. (UM1/4marks-UMM)

2. List the role of Forensic Medicine in current medico-legal practice. (3.5 marks)
Describe briefly how Forensic Medicine can help the trial court to prove certain points of
law in some cases. (6.5 marks) (UMMG)
3. List the role of forensic medicine in solving legal matters and explain ``To prove a point of
Law''. (UM2)

Law and Law Court

1. List the documents issued from a trial court for the attendance of witness. Describe briefly
about ``Summons''. Describe the preparations of medical witness after receiving the
summons. (UM1)
2. Describe ``Summon''. What is the duty of a doctor regarding summons?(UM2)
Write short notes on Subpoena (3 marks) (UMMG)
3. What are the court procedures for examination of a witness? Discuss briefly about cross
examination and its value. (UMTGI)
4. Write short note on cross examination. (UM1)
5. Video presentations for court room examination are very interesting. Discuss some un-
proper conducts of medical witness and some court room procedures that are not
consistence with theory discussion but described in video presentations. (UMM)
6. Define ``Witness''. Describe the different types of witness. (UM2)
7. Define `Witness' and `Evidence'. (2 marks) What are the different types of `Witness' and
`Evidence'? (3 marks) Discuss briefly on `Medical Witness' and `Medical Evidence'. (5
marks) (UMMG)
8. Write short note on Witness. (3 marks) (UMM)
9. Describe the types of offenses. (3 marks) Describe the juvenile court briefly. (3 marks)
Describe one medical documentary evidence. (4 marks) (UMM)
10. Write short notes on Documentary evidence. (UMTGI)
11. Discuss briefly the components of ``Medico-legal report''. What are the guidelines in
writing of Medico-legal report? (UM1)
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12. Summarize the legal procedures following a death. (1.5 marks) When may a doctor issue
the death certificate: medical certificate of cause of death? (4 marks) What are the
objectives of issuing death certificate? (1.5 marks) Give each example of causes of death,
recorded in correct sequence as in medical certificate of cause of death, regarding accident,
suicide and homicide. (3 marks) (UMMG)
13. What are the objectives of death certificate? Describe the important points in the ``Medical
Certificate of cause of death''. Give examples of cause of death in natural death and
unnatural deaths. (UMTGI)
14. Write short notes on The legal procedure following a death. (UM2)
15. What do you understand by ``Professional secrecy"? Describe the conditions where
professional confidences may be broken. (UM2)

Forensic Thanatology

1. Write short notes on Diagnosis tests for brain-stem death. (UM2)

2. Define ``death''. Describe briefly the immediate signs of death. (UM1)
3. Write short notes on Immediate changes after death. (UMTGI)
4. Describe the medico-legal importance of hypostatic staining.
How would you differentiate between hypostatic staining and bruise? (UMTGI)
5. List the name of immediate signs of death. (2 marks)
Describe the mechanism of formation and medico-legal importance of late changes after
death. (8 marks) (UMM)
6. List the late changes after death. Describe the medico-legal importance of these changes.
(not include modified forms) (UM1)
7. Describe the medical procedure to diagnose death of a person registered as the organ donor
for transplantation. (4 marks)
List all possible changes in muscles after death. (2 marks)
Discuss briefly about cadaveric spasm. (4 marks) (UMMG)
8. List modified forms of rigidity. How would you differentiate cadaveric spasm from rigor
mortis? (UM2)
9. Define decomposition. Discuss the medico-legal problems in decomposition. (UMTGI)
10. A dead body was brought to you (Township Medical Officer). Estimated time since death
was three days. How did you estimate it? (UMM)
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Personal Identification

1. Write short notes on Locard's principle. (UM2)

2. List the name of personal identification characteristics that were mostly used in medico-
legal events and incidences. (2 marks) Describe any two in detail. (4 marks each) (UMM)
3. After the thorough examination of a skull bone which is sent by a police officer, what
information can be given to police regarding basic characteristics of personal identification
with reasons? (UM1)
4. How would you determine the sex and age from a skull bone brought to you by the police?
(UM2)
5. Discuss in detail about methods of fetal age assessment. (UMTGI)
6. Describe briefly about ``Dental data'' including temporary and permanent teeth eruption.
(UM1)
7. What are the characteristics used for personal identification in forensic medicine? (3 marks)
Describe the medico-legal importance of fingerprint, tattoo marks and scar. (7 marks)
(UMMG)
8. Write a complete medico-legal report regarding the age assessment of a Myanmar boy of
age between 16-17 years. (10 marks) (UMMG)
9. Describe briefly about the investigational procedure in a case of fresh human fragmentary
remains. (UMTGI)
10. Police sent some fragments of human remain to you, Township Medical Officer. They are
skull bone, mandible, hip bones and sacrum. Discuss the investigation procedures for these
fragmentary remains with examples. (UMM)
11. Write short note on Precipitin test in investigation of fragmentary remains. (3 marks)
(UMMG)

Medicolegal Autopsy

1. Describe briefly the two main types of autopsy and objectives of a medicolegal autopsy.
Enumerate the preliminaries of an autopsy. (UM1)
2. Enumerate the types of death in which forensic autopsy should be done. (4 marks)
List the persons who should be present at the time of a forensic autopsy. (2 marks)
What are the autopsy techniques for evisceration? (4 marks) (UMMG)
3. What are the objectives of an autopsy? Outline the investigational procedure in all medico-
legal deaths. (UM2)
4. List types of deaths in which forensic autopsy should be done.
Describe briefly about the investigational procedure in all medico-legal deaths. (UMTGI)
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5. Describe the component and contents of the post-mortem examination report. (UMM)

Asphyxia

1. Discuss the possible causes of death in drowning. (UMM)

2. Describe the specific external and internal postmortem features in a typical case of
drowning. Enumerate the conditions where the specific signs are absent even though it is a
case of drowning. (UMTGI)
3. A drunken person accidentally fell into the water. His body was immediately recovered but
he died.
(i) What are the possible post-mortem features that could be seen in autopsy? (4 marks)
(ii) List and explain the possible causes of death in this case. (3 marks)
(iii) State the conditions where the lungs are relatively dry at autopsy even though it
was a case of drowning. (3 marks) (UMMG)
4. Write short note on: List the conditions where the lungs are relatively dry in post-mortem
examination in a case of body retrieved from water. (UM1)
5. Explain the possible causes of death in drowning. Describe the possible causes of death in
hanging. (UM2)
6. Define ``Hanging''. List the possible causes of death from ``Hanging''. Describe the external
and internal post-mortem features of ``Hanging''. (UM1)
(i) A young lady was found dead in a bedroom with the ligature mark around the neck.
How would you conduct the medico-legal death investigation in this case? (6 marks)
How would you differentiate accident, suicide and homicide in this case? (4 marks)
(UMMG)
7. According to death investigation procedures, how do you differentiate accident, suicide and
homicide in a case of death with ligature around the neck. (UMM)
8. Write short notes on Typical ligature mark in suicidal hanging. (UMTGI)
Write short note on Signs of asphyxia. (4 marks) (UMMG)
9. Write short note on Choking. (3 marks) (UMM)
10. Describe ``Traumatic asphyxia'' and ``Postural asphyxia". (UM2)
11. List the asphyxia deaths caused by ``other than pressure around the neck''.
12. Describe briefly about ``traumatic asphyxia''. (UM1)
13. List the various types of asphyxia caused by other than Pressure over Neck. Discuss in
detail about traumatic asphyxia. (UMTGI)
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Medicolegal aspect of Wounds

1. Define MPC section 319 (Hurt), MPC section 320 (Grievous hurt) and explain the clause
No.7 included in MPC section 320. (UM2)
2. Define Grievous Hurt (MPC Section 320). Discuss the eighth clause of MPC section 320.
(UMTGI)
3. Define Hurt and Grievous hurt. Describe the last clause of MPC Section 320 with examples.
(UM1)
4. Discuss the important points of Myanmar Penal Code section 320 for medical officers.
(UMM)
5. Define Hurt, Simple Hurt and Grievous Hurt. (6 marks)
Describe the four categories of severity of bodily injuries resulting in death. (4 marks)
(UMMG)
6. Write a complete medico-legal report for a man who was hit by a blunt object and causing
simple hurt. (UMM)
7. Define lacerated wound. Explain the medico-legal importance of lacerated wounds. How
would you differentiate split skin type of lacerated wound from incised wound? (UM2)
8. A 20 years old male who had history of assault, with a single lacerated wound 3×0.5cm in
measurement, over the left eyebrow, was arrived to your hospital last three weeks ago.
There was no bony fracture in X-rays and treat as out-patient. Yesterday, he came back
with police to your hospital for final medicolegal opinion. At the time of examination, there
was a whitish fibrous scar with oblique (2-8 o'clock) lie and 3×0.3cm in measurement at
the left eyebrow. In medicolegal report, write the medicolegal opinions (with explanation)
regarding;
(A) Simple or grievous hurt
(B) Type of weapon used
(C) Is it possible that a forceful fall to hard ground could produce such an injury?
Explain your answer. (UM1)
9. A man was assaulted by a wooden stick and was admitted to hospital with two lacerated
wounds on left temporo-parietal region. He died 3 days later. Postmortem examination
revealed a localized gutter-shaped depressed fracture of skull bone with an epidural
haematoma compressing underlying brain. Explain the followings for this case:
(A) The cause of death
(B) Category of severity of bodily injury resulting death
(C)The amount of force used
(D)The volitional power after injuries (UM2)
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10. Describe the features of a typical case of suicidal cut throat wound.
Mention the possible causes of death in a case of cut throat wound. (UMTGI)
11. Explain briefly theory of two-way stretch regarding the stab wound. (4 marks)
Applying the complete wound description, discuss the possible medicolegal opinions on a
fatal stab wound over the left anterior chest of a man. (6 marks) (UMMG)
12. Add notes on defense wounds. (UMTGI/UM1)

Burning, Electrocution & Lightning

1. List the agents responsible for causing burn lesions. Describe the purposes of investigation
and the possible causes of death from burn. (UMTGI)
2. A dead body with 45% burnt was recovered from the site after the fire was extinguished
and was sent to your hospital. After routine postmortem examination, answer the following
questions.
(A) Describe the objectives for postmortem examination in that case.
(B) Describe the reasons that should be considered as ante-mortem burn.
(C) State the cause of death(format of Medical certificate of cause of death). (UM1)
3. A middle-aged-adult male body with severe burn was brought to you, Township Medical
Officer. Your opinion was postmortem burn. Explain your reasons in accordance with the
findings of postmortem examination reports. (UMM)
4. How would you conduct the medicolegal investigation procedure for a case of death from
electrocution? (10 marks) (UMMG)
5. Write short notes on Electric mark. (UM2)

Firearm Wounds

1. How would you differentiate between entrance and exit wounds of a single missile firearm?
(UMTGI)
2. Describe features of entrance and exit gunshot wounds by a single missile rifle firearm fired
from various ranges. (UM2)
3. What are the components of rifle gunfire coming out from the muzzle when a shot is
discharged? (2 marks) Describe the features of entrance gunshot wounds discharged from
various ranges by a single missile firearm. (8 marks) (UMMG)
4. What is rifling? (2 marks) Describe the firing mechanism of a rifled firearm. (3 marks)
Describe the characteristics of entrance gunshot wound caused by rifled firearm. (5 marks)
(UMM)
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5. A dead body with two gun-shot wounds over the left anterior and posterior chest wall was
brought to your hospital. After postmortem examination,
(A)Describe the external and internal injuries. Answer the followings with explanation.
(B)Type of gun(rifle or shot gun)used
(C)How will you decide entrance wound
(D)Range of fire. (UM1)

Motor Vehicle Accidents

1. State the laws related to motor vehicle accident. (5 marks)

Enumerate the autopsy features of a pedestrian who was hit by a truck from behind and fell
down onto the road. (5 marks) (UMMG)
2. A pedestrian was knocked from back and ran over on the chest by a bus.
What types of injuries would be expected to find at autopsy examination? (UM2)
3. A saloon car hit a large tree beside the road. Two dead bodies were found at the front seats
and sent to your hospital. After the death investigation procedure, how would you
determine driver and lover seat passenger? State the cause of death of driver and lover seat
passenger (as a medical certificate of cause of death form). (UM1)
4. Discuss the post mortem findings of un-helmeted motorcyclist who had sustained fatal
injuries from the result of direct impact against a lamp post. (UMTGI)
5. Auto-auto accidents and auto-pedestrian accidents are common road traffic accidents.
Describe the features of the vehicles that are modified to reduce the severity of injuries in
these accidents. (UMM)

Regional Injuries

1. A middle aged man was struck by a heavy rock on head and was admitted to hospital.
Patient was unconscious and Glasgow Coma Scale was 5/15. The skull X-ray showed a
depressed fracture of left side of frontal and left parietal bones. Although a 3 inches
diameter x 1 inch thick epidural haematoma was removed by a neurosurgeon at the
operation, patient did not regain consciousness and died from hypostatic pneumonia after
10 days.
(A) State cause of death as in medical certificate of cause of death form
(B) State and explain the category of severity of injury which leads to death.
(C) How would you estimate the amount of force used by assailant in this case?
(D) Is it possible that a forceful fall to ground could produce such an injury?
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Explain your answer. (UM1)

2. List the possible intracranial lesions in a case of head injury. (2.5 marks)
Define coup and contrecoup damages in head injury and discuss their practical medicolegal
significance. (7.5 marks) (UMMG)
3. Define “Coup and Contrecoup lesion in head injuries”. Describe the practical points that
should be considered in cases of such lesions. (UM2)
4. Add notes on Medico-legal importance of cerebral oedema. (UMTGI)
5. A motorcycle passenger was accidently fall to the ground and her occiput hit with the
ground. She died within a few hours. Describe the head injuries in detail. (UMM)

Scene of Crime

1. Describe the roles of doctor at the scene of crime investigation. How would you examine
the dead body and circumstances surrounding the body to assist in determining the manner
of death? (UMTGI)
2. List the role of a doctor at scene of crime. Describe the procedures to be followed in the
examination of a dead body at the scene of crime, before removal and transport of the body
to the mortuary. (UM2)
3. Write short notes on Role of Doctor at the Scene of Crime. (3.5 marks) (UMMG)
4. Write a short note on: The broad principles in examination of scene of crime. (UMM/UM1)

Sudden and Unexpected Death

1. What are the objectives of doing postmortem examination in sudden and unexpected
deaths? List the common diseases of cardiovascular system leading to sudden and
unexpected deaths. How would you prove at autopsy that the cause of death is one of the
diseases of cardiovasvular system? (UMTGI)
2. Define ``Sudden and Unexpected Death". Describe briefly the common sites of coronary
occlusion. Describe the possible complications of coronary atherosclerosis leading to
sudden death. (UM2)
3. Define sudden and unexpected death from various aspects. (2 marks)
Tabulate the cardiac causes of sudden and unexpected death. (2 marks)
What are the common sites of coronary stenosis and occlusion? (2 marks)
Summarize the gross autopsy diagnostic features of myocardial infarction. (4 marks)
(UMMG)
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4. A middle aged obese man with history of left chest pain arrived to Emergency department.
ECG and Troponin level suggested that myocardial infarction and died just after arrival. At
the time of forensic autopsy, what postmortem features will be found out to prove
(a) myocardial infarction and (b)causes of myocardial infarction. (UM1)
5. A middle-aged adult male suddenly died at his house. After the postmortem examination,
the cause of death was:

I(a) Hemopericardium
(b) Ruptured acute myocardial infarction
(c) Coronary artery occlusion
(d) Coronary artery atherosclerosis
Write a complete postmortem examination report of this case. (UMM)

Pregnancy & Infanticides

1. Write a short note on: Medico-legal importance of pregnancy. (UMM/UM1/UMMG)

2. Discuss the problems that must be solved when investigating a case of infanticide. (UMM)
3. The body of a newborn fetus was found in the lavatory pan of super-market and body was
sent to your hospital by police. Outline the medicolegal investigation procedures to prove
or disprove infanticide. (UM1)
4. Outline the investigation procedures in a case of suspected infanticide. (3 marks)
Define Live Birth and Still Birth. Explain the direct proof of live birth. (7 marks) (UMMG)
5. Write short notes on Direct proof of live birth. (UM2)
6. Add notes on Direct proof of aeration of the lungs. (UMTGI)

Criminal abortion

1. State the Laws on criminal abortion and describe the dangers of criminal abortion.
(UMTGI)
2. Describe briefly the signs of recent delivery in a dead woman. Outline the dangers of
criminal abortion. (UM2)
3. Describe the duty of a medical officer in criminal abortion. (5 marks)
Discuss the ethical issues in abortion according to your experience. (5 marks) (UMM)
4. State the laws relating to criminal abortion. Describe the main essence in criminal abortion
law. Describe briefly the duty of a medical officer in a case of criminal abortion. (UM1)
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5. A young lady was admitted to the regional hospital with history of alleged abortion
involving a professional abortionist.
(a) Explain the duties of an attending doctor in the case. (3 marks)
(b) List the possible fatal complications in this case. (3 marks)
(c) State the related laws regarding this case. (4 marks) (UMMG)

Sterilization, Sexual function and Marriage

1. Write a short note on: The processes for female sterilization. (UMM)
2. Write short notes on Impotency in male. (UM2)
3. Write short notes on Valid Marriage under Myanmar Customary Law. (3.5 marks)
(UMMG)

General Principles and Guidelines

1. Write short notes on Common medico-legal problems faced by assistant surgeons and
township medical officers. (UMM)
2. Discuss briefly about ``informative medico-legal report''. (UMTGI)

Forensic Psychiatry

1. Define section 84 of Myanmar Penal Code. Discuss briefly about ``delusion'' and
“hallucination''. (UMTGI)
2. State and explain the MPC Section 84. Describe briefly the lucid interval in insanity. (UM1)
3. Define section 84 of Myanmar Penal Code. Describe the features of an insane murderer.
Describe ``Lucid interval regarding insanity". (UM2)
4. How would you differentiate `Feigned Insanity' and `True Insanity'? (4 marks)
What are the motives for feigned insanity? (1.5 marks)
Describe lucid interval in insanity and its medicolegal importance. (4.5 marks) (UMMG)
5. Describe the features of an insane murderer. What are the motives in feigned insanity?
Describe the differences between feigned insanity and true insanity. (UMM)
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Sexual Offence

1. Describe the Myanmar Penal Code section 375 and explain one important clause. (UMM)
2. State the MPC Section:375 (Definition of Rape) and 376 (Punishments for Rape). (7 marks)
Explain the legal term: Sexual Intercourse in Rape. (3 marks) (UMMG)
3. Add notes: State the MPC Section 375. (UM1)
4. Discuss briefly the ``against her will". How will you examine and which findings will you
find out if the victim has ``against her will"? (UM1)
5. Explain the importance of full history taking of female victim in a case of alleged rape.
(UMTGI)
6. Explain ``without her consent" included in section 375 of Myanmar Penal Code. What
findings of recent hymen tear are seen during genital examination of the victim in alleged
rape? What opinion would you give if the spermatozoa were seen in the vaginal swab of
the victim in alleged rape? (UM2)
7. List the medical examination procedure for the victim in an alleged rape case. (2 marks)
Describe the genital examination and findings that could be used for the proper medicolegal
opinions for the rape victim. (8 marks) (UMMG)
8. State and explain medico-legal opinions that could be given in a case of alleged rape.
List the conditions that spermatozoa may not be detected even though there was ejaculation.
(UMTGI)

Unnatural Sexual Offences and Behaviours

1. Describe the medico-legal examination of victim of un-natural sexual offenses. (UMM)

2. State the medico-legal opinions regarding victim of unnatural sexual offence.
Describe briefly the examination procedure and findings of habitual homosexual. (UM1)
3. List unnatural sexual offences and unnatural sexual behaviours.
An eight years old male who had never been sodomized was brought to you by the police
in government hospital. Describe the findings and incriminating evidence of the passive
agent. (UM2)
4. How would you examine a recently sodomized young boy? (3 marks)
What are the anal findings and incriminating evidences to diagnose such a case? (7 marks)
(UMMG)
5. Add notes on Exhibitionism. (UMTGI/UMMG)
6. Write short notes on Incest. (UM2/UMM)
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Medical Ethics and Family Medicine

1. Explain ``Biomedical ethical principles". (UM2)

2. Add notes: Enumerate the ethical principles in medical practice. (UM1)
3. Define ``Serious professional misconduct''. Describe the various types of misconduct
committed by medical practitioners. (UMTGI)
4. Define the serious professional misconduct. Explain about them. (UMM)
5. How do you understand by ``Professionalism in Medicine''? Write down the checklist
method to differentiate ``a profession and a vocation''. (UMTGI)
6. Describe two cases that have been conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines. Explain
your reasons in accordance with the Declaration of Geneva and the International Code of
Medical Ethics of the World Medical Association. (UMM)
7. State the ``Declaration of Geneva" and explain ``De-licensing by Myanmar Medical
Council". (UM2)
8. State the ``Declaration of Geneva" and ``Declaration of Lisbon". (UM1)
9. State the Physician's Pledge: Declaration of Geneva, as amended in 2017 by the World
Medical Association. (5 marks)
Outline the circumstances where a doctor may be deregistered and delicensed? (5 marks)
(UMMG)
10. Add notes on Rights of patient (Declaration of Lisbon). (UMTGI/UMMG)
11. Write short notes on The conditions in which professional confidence may be broken.
(UMM)

Medical Negligence

1. Define the medical negligence. Explain the four Ds. (UMM)

2. Define ``Medical Negligence". When does the duty of care begin? Discuss briefly about
``Reasonable Skill". (UM1)
3. Define civil mal-praxis. Discuss about (a)duty of care and (b)reasonable skill and
reasonable care. (UM2)
4. What is negligence? Define Medical negligence. What are the common causes for medical
negligent actions? What do you understand by ``departure from accepted standard medical
practice''? (UMTGI)
5. Discuss briefly about defenses available for defendant doctor in case of medical negligent
action. (UMTGI)
6. Enumerate the defenses available for defendant doctor. Discuss the ``Contributory
negligence" and ``Delegation of duties". (UM1)
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7. Describe one case of medical negligence. If you were the defendant doctor, how would you
defense in that case? (UMM)
8. Write short notes on Criminal Negligence. (UM2)
9. A doctor was threatened to be sued in court for negligence. With his treatment error and
failure to attend in immediate post-operative hours, a patient man nearly lost his life, had
to take intensive treatments for one month and recovered later with severe life-long
neurological deficits. The patient family claimed appropriate public apology and certain
amount of money for compensation. He refused to apologize publicly but agreed to pay and
wanted the case closed not to make it public. The patient family was furious saying that the
money was not their first priority. They posted it on the social media, opened the case to
Myanmar Medical Council and brought the case up to the criminal court.
(a)Is it a case of Medical Negligence? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
(b)Is it a case of Criminal Negligence? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
(c)The doctor said: This is just an unexpected complication. Totally not on purpose. I'm
sorry. If you want money, here it is. Take that and it's done! The patient said: You are so
arrogant and negligent. You said only one word `Sorry' which is not a true heartfelt `Sorry'.
Now, my whole life has gone. A doctor like you deserves punishment. See you in the court!!
Are you on the doctor side or on the patient side? Give reasons for your answer. (4 marks)
(UMMG)

Toxicology

1. Discuss briefly about diagnosis of poisoning. (UMTGI)

2. List the poisons that cause sudden death. (2 marks)
a. Explain the duty of a medical practitioner in a case of suspected poisoning. (8
marks) (UMMG)
3. Describe the duties of medical practitioner in handling of a suspected poisoning case.
(UM1)
4. You are a medical officer of a township. After a postmortem examination, you have to
retain some forensic samples for toxicological examination. What principles do you
follow? What are security measures for these samples? (UMM)
5. What are the security measures that should be taken in sending medicolegal samples to the
Chemical Examiner Office? Explain the use of preservatives for forensic samples. How
would you collect samples of blood and urine for alcohol content? (UM2)
6. Add notes: Describe the use of preservative in suspected poisoning cases. (UM1)
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7. Describe the clinical features and postmortem findings of dilute nitric acid ingestion case.
(UM1)
8. Add notes on Vitriolage. (UMTGI)
9. How would you understand the term ``under the influence of alcohol"?
Describe the blood sample collection for suspected alcohol intoxication in living and dead.
Describe the medico-legal opinions regarding alcoholic intoxication. (UM1)
10. Describe the medico-legal examination of a person for alcoholic intoxication.
What are the possible opinions that can be given after the examination? (UMTGI)
11. A suspected drunken driver was brought by the police to the hospital.
a. Outline the clinical examination procedure in this case. (3 marks)
b. How would you conduct the blood alcohol test? (4 marks)
c. State the possible medico-legal opinions regarding drunkenness? (3 marks)
(UMMG)
12. Explain the term ``under the influence of alcohol".
What are possible causes of death from intravenous narcotism?
Describe signs and symptoms of insecticide poisoning.
Explain the laboratory analysis for diagnosis of insecticide poisoning. (UM2)
13. Describe acute and chronic effects of amphetamines. (UM2)
14. Discuss the amphetamine poisoning from the medico-legal aspects. (UMM)
15. In a case of insecticide poisoning by ingestion, describe the mechanism of action, clinical
features, diagnostic procedures and postmortem features. (10 marks) (UMMG)
16. Write short notes on Envenomation effects of Russell's Viper. (UM2/UMMG)