Name — Class Heat of Fusion of Ice Process Objectives ‘© To measure the mass of water that is melted from ice. © To outline the calculations needed to determine the molar heat of fusion of ce Learning Objectives ‘© To understand all the energy changes that occur in the water and ice used in the experiment ‘© ‘experimentally determine the molar heat of fusion of ice. Introduction ec. ‘The freezing and melting point of water and ice is the same temperature: ‘The heat ener required to melt one mole of solid water at its melting point is its molar heat of fusion. In general, the molar heat of fusion for any substance is the heat required to melt one mole of that substance. The units are in kilojoules per mole ‘When a mole of ice is melted, a certain quantity of heat is absorbed. When a mole of water is frozen, this same amount of heat is released into the surroundings. ‘A hundred years ago in the northem parts of our country, vegetables stored for the winter were kept in a “cold cellar” This was an unheated room beneath a house. To prevent these food supplies from freezing during severe winter weather, large barrels of water were placed in the rooms. The temperature of the room could not drop below 0°C until the water in the barrels had frozen. Even though the outside temperature was well below O°C, the temperature in the cold cellar remained at the freezing point of water because heat is released by the liquid water as it freezes. Because fruits and vegetables do not freeze ‘until the temperature is a few degrees below 0°C, the food supply was preserved, In this experiment you will melt some ice in a STYROFOAM cup of warm water. Knowing the temperature change, the mass of ice melted, and the mass of warm water cooled, you will be able to calculate the molar heat of fusion of ice. Review Chapter 13, Section 13.3, for additional information. Safety ‘Take the necessary precautions before beginning this exper- GE ent. Wear safety gosses, apron, and gloves, Read all safety TT cautions inyour procedures and discuss them with your teacher AA iis important to use good safety techniques while conduc ting experiments, See pages 8 through 11 Apparatus ‘burner and tubing ringstand, iron ring wire gauze, ceramic-centered 1 beaker, 400 ml, STYROFOAM cup, 8 02. Celsius thermometer saraduated cylinder, 100 mL, crucible tongs Materials Heat of Fusion of lee Date Experiment Experiment 17 103Recording Your Observations Record your observations in the Data Table provided at the end of the procedures, Procedures CAUTION Before you use the burner in this A Procedure, check to see that long hair 9 G J) and loose clothing have been confined. 1. Heat approximately 120 ml of wate to about 45°C in the 400 ml. beaker. Measure 100:£1 mi ofthis warm water into a STYROFOAM cup. Record the volume of water to the nearest mL. and the temperature ofthe water tothe nearest 0.1°C 2, Holding the ice cubes with tonds, shake any excess water off several ice cubes. Place the ie in the warm water inthe STYROFOAM cup and stir unt ‘the temperature is ess than 1C. Record the lowest temperature reached to the nearest 0.1°C. Use tongs to remove the unmelted ice. Allow any water on the ie to dip hack into the cup. Measure the volume of water remaining in the sr¥Ro. POU" cup tothe nearest mL, (Clean and dry all apparatus and throughly wash your hands before leaving the laboratory Strategy for Measuring Giants are oe determined Data Table from indirect measurements. The Fas eee arenes et ie Volume of warm water a calculated by measuring the difer- | -emperature of warm water _| °c ences in the mass of water before 2 Bape Lowest temperature of ice water... ec Volume of water and melted ice... sm Calculations 1, Calculate the volume of water that came from the melted ice. Recordin the Calculations Table, 2. Determine the mass of ice melted (assume the density of water to be 1 gimL). 3. Calculate the change in temperature, A\f, ofthe warm water. 4, Determine the mass of warm water 5. Calculate the energy released by the warm water as it was cooled through A desrees. 6. Calculate the energy released per gram of ice. Heat of Fusion of lee 104 Experiment 17 aneName Class Date 7. Calculate the kilojoules required to melt one mole of ice. 8. The accepted value for the molar heat of fusion of ice is 6.02 kd. What isthe error and percentage error ofthe value you found? Calculations Table Volume ofice melted ae mL Mass of ice melted cero —_ Change in temperature, At... bevteeeereef Mass of warm water a eee ig Energy released by warm water when cooled At degrees —___}3 Energy released per gram ofice —|s Heat required to melt one mole ofice «.-.. +++ | imote Percent Error - -|% Questions 11. What is happening to the kinetic energy ofthe ice as melting occurs? 2, What is happening to the potential energy as the ice is melting? 3. Why is the temperature of the water bath constant asthe ice is melting? General Conclusions 1. Before a predicted frost, orange trees are often sprayed with water in an attempt to keep the fruit from freezing. Explain, Heat of Fusion of Ice Experiment 17 1052. Briefly describe all the energy changes that take place inthis experiment 106 Experiment 17 Heat of Fusion of lee