Present Simple (indicativ present) III.

Adverbe de frecventa

I. Conjugare always, every day, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally,

seldom, rarely, never
Conjugarea Present Simple corespunde formei de infinitiv Cum se folosesc. Adverbele de frecventa se pun in general
scurt fara “to” la toate persoanele, cu exceptia persoanei a treia intre subiect si verb, cu exceptia lui “every day / morning /
singular, la care se adauga desinenta –(e)s. evening / hour / minute”, care, de obicei, se afla la inceputul
eg. propozitiei, inainte de subiect.
I work go
You work go subiect + adverb de frecventa + verb
He/She/It works goes
We work go eg. I never go out.
You work go You always arrive late!
They work go He usually gets up at 7.
She rarely plays tennis.
II. Utilizare It often rains in England.
We sometimes watch TV.
Present Simple se foloseste pentru: You occasionally drink wine.
a) a descrie actiuni obisnuite si repetitive. Every day they drive to work.
eg. He gets up every day.
I usually take the bus to work. In cazul propozitiilor construite cu verbul “a fi”, adverbele de
b) a descrie evenimente sau situatii permanente in timp. frecventa se pun dupa verb.
eg. My parents live in Italy.
c) a exprima adevaruri generale. subiect + verbul “to be” + adverb de frecventa
eg. All men die.
Three and five make eight. eg. He isn’t often late.
d) a povesti o intamplare, un film, un fapt (cu functia de We’re sometimes in a hurry.
present istoric) They’re never at home.
eg. The book tells the story of a young woman. I’m always tired.
e) a indica orare de sosiri si de plecari, de spectacole, etc.
eg. The train for Oxford leaves at 8.30 a.m. .
 IV. Constructia propozitiei afirmative 2. Intrebari construite cu o particula interogativa.

subiect + verbul de conjugat la present + determinari what, who, why, when, where, which, how, how much, what
ulterioare time

eg. Particula interogativa + auxiliar do/does + subiect + verb

I principal (la infinitive fara “to) + determinari ulterioare + ?
You
We drive to work every day. When do I arrive at work?
You you
They What he use at work?
He/She/It works every day. does she do
it have to do?
V. Present Simple la forma interogativa Where we keep the paper?
1. Intrebari care cer raspunsuri scurte. do you have lunch?
they have their meetings?
Forma interogativa a Present Simple se construieste cu verbul
auxiliar “do” (“does” la persoana a treia singular) urmat de VI. Forma negativa a Present Simple
subiect si de verbul principal la infinitive fara “to”. 1. Forma intreaga si contrasa

Auxiliar + do/does + subiect + verbul principal (la infinitive Forma negariva a Present Simple se construieste cu verbul
fara “to”) + determinari ulterioare + ? auxiliary “do” (“does” la persoana a treia singular), urmata de
negatia “not”.
I
you Subiect + auxiliarul do/does + not + verbul principal (la
Do we work in the city? infinitiv fara “to”) + determinari ulterioare.
you
they
Does he/she/it
 In vorbirea curenta, in general se folosesc formele contrase TO BE (a fi)
“don’t” si “doesn’t”.
I. Forma afirmativa
I don’t (do not) use the mobile phone
You every day. Verbul “to be” (a fi) este, fara indoiala, de baza pentru a
He/She/It doesn’t (does not) work every day. invata limba engleza.
We don’t (do not) work part-time.
You I am
They You are
He/She/It is
2. Forma interogativ-negativa We are
You are
Forma interogativ-negativa se construieste cu verbul auxiliar They are
“do” (“does” la persoana a treia singular) urmat de subiect,
negatia “not” si de verbul principal la infinitive fara “to”. Si in
cazul acestora se prefera folosirea formelor contrase “don’t” si Subiect + verb “to be” + determinari ulterioare.
“doesn’t”.
Forma contrasa
Do I not want? In engleza, mai ales in limba vorbita, de obicei se contrag (se
Do you not want? Don’t you want? scurteaza) formele verbale. La foma contrasa (scurta), vocala
Does he/she not want? Doesn’t he/she want? initiala este inlocuita de apostrof, astfel “I am” devine “I’m”.
Does it not work? Doesn’t it work?
Do we not want? Don’t we want? I am from London. I’m from London.
Do you not want? Don’t you want? You are American. You’re American.
Do they not want? Don’t they want? He is handsome. He’s handsome.
She is beautiful. She’s beautiful.
It is beautiful. It’s beautiful.
We are from Canada. We’re from Canada.
You are happy. You’re happy.
They are from Italy. They’re from Italy.
Atentie. Forma contrasa (scurta), poate fi folosita numai daca III. Forma interogativa
este urmata de un alt cuvant.
La forma interogativa, subiectul trebuie pus dupa verb.
II. Forma negativa
Verb “to be” + subiect + determinari ulterioare + ?
La forma negative, verbul “to be” este urmat de negatia
“not”. Am I happy?
Are you American?
I am not. Is he fine?
You are not. Is she pretty?
He/She/It is not. Is it difficult?
We are not. Are we in Rome?
You are not. Are you happy?
They are not. Are they from Spain?

Subiect + verb “to be” + not + determinari ulterioare. Atentie. La foma interogativa, verbul “to be” nu se poate
contrage.
Forma negativa contrasa.
Exceptand persoana intai singular, toate celelalte situatii se Forma interogativ-negariva
pot scurta in doua modalitati. La forma interogativ-negativa, subiectul se pune dupa verb,
urmat de negatia “not”.
I am not from New York. I’m not from New York.
You are not Italian. You’re not/aren’t Italian. Verb “to be” + subiect + not + ?
He is not from Spain. He’s not/isn’t from Spain.
She is not from Germany. She’s not/isn’t from Germany.
It is not fantastic. It’s not/isn’t fantastic.
We are not from USA. We’re not/aren’t from USA.
You are not French. You’re not/aren’t French.
They are not from Brazil. They’re not/aren’t from Brazil.
 In schimb, la forma contrasa, subiectul se pune dupa negatie, Present Continuous
exceptand persoana intai singular.
In engleza, forma “Present Continuous” (care s-ar putea
Am I not? Am I not? traduce prin present continuu) se foloseste pentru a descrie o
Are you not? Aren’t you? actiune durative, adica aflata in curs de desfasurare, intr-un
Is he/she/it not? Isn’t he/she/it? timp determinat. Forma gramaticala a Present Continuous nu
Are we not? Aren’t we? are un echivalent morphologic exact in limba romana: unde
Are you not? Aren’t you? englezul foloseste verbul auxiliar “to be” plus verbul de
Are they not? Aren’t they? conjugat la asa-numita “-ing form”, romanul foloseste verbul
de conjugat la indicative present, eventual redand ideea de
actiune in desfasurare prin intermediul unui adverb.

I. Forma afirmativa.

La forma afirmativa, Present Continuous se construieste cu

prezentul verbului “to be” urmat de forma in –ing (gerunziu) a
verbului de conjugat.

Subiect + prezentul verbului “to be” + forma in –ing a verbului

+ determinari ulterioare.

I am watching TV.
You are writing a letter.
He/She is working on a new project.
It now.
We
You are developing a new project.
They
 Forma contrasa. III. Forma interogativa
In limba vorbita si in exprimarile colicviale, se folosesc mai
des formele contrase, perfect echivalente cu formele contrase La forma interogativa, verbul “to be” precede subiectul,
ale verbului “to be” la Present Simple. urmat de forma verbului in –ing.

eg. I ’m reading. Prezentul verbului “to be” + subiect + forma verbului in –ing +
You ’re learning. determinari ulterioare + ?
He ’s relaxing.
She ’s working. eg. Am I talking to the right man?
It ’s raining. Are you working hard?
We ’re listening. Is he/she listening to me?
You ’re talking. Is it raining?
They ’re eating. Are we going out?
Are you eating pasta?
II. Forma negativa. Are they sleeping now?

Forma negative a Present Continuous se obtine adaugand La intrebarile introduce cu o particular interogativa avem
negatia “not” imediat dupa verbul “to be”. urmatoarea constructie:

Subiect + prezentul verbului “to be” + not + forma verbului in Particula negativa + prezentul verbului “to be” + subiect +
–ing + determinari ulterioare. forma verbului in –ing + determinari ulterioare + ?

I am not (‘m not) working at the moment. Where am I working this month?
You are not (aren’t) travelling this month. are you staying?
He/She is not (isn’t) leaving tomorrow. What is he reading this week?
It snowing now. is she doing now?
We is happening?
You are not (aren’t) going out this evening. Who are we playing tennis with?
They are you visiting today?
are they working with at the moment?
 Forma interogativ-negativa
Propozitiile interogativ-negative se construiesc cu verbul “to
be”, urmat de subiect, de negatia “not” si de forma verbului in
–ing. In present, in limba curenta se folosesc doar formele
contrase.
Atentie. La persoana intai singular nu e “Am I not working?, ci
preia forma de la persoana a doua singular.
eg. Aren’t I working?
Aren’t you working?
Isn’t he/she/it working?
Aren’t we working?
Aren’t you working?
Aren’t they working?
IV. Utilizare
Present Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima:
a) actiuni si situatii care se desfasoara in momentul vorbirii.
eg. I’m cooking dinner at the moment.
She’s studying now.
I’m teaching at the moment.
You’re listening now.
He’s learning at the moment.
b) actiuni care au loc intr-o perioada limitata de timp. In cazul
acesta, propozitiile sunt adesea insotite de adverbe de timp,
printer care “today”, “this week”, “this month” etc.
eg. You’re wearing a jacket today.
We’re studying English this month.
She’s reading a new book this week.
They’re working on a new project this week.
Atentie. Nu toate verbele englezesti pot avae forma de Present
Continuous. De exemplu, nu se poate spune: “I’m wanting to
read a new book” sau “I’m believing in God”. In cazul verbelor
“want” si “believe”, care nu exprima o actiune, ci o stare, este
obligatorie forma Present Simple.
V. Variatii ortografice ale verbelor la forma in –ing.
Pentru a forma Present Continuous se adauga –ing la forma de
baza a verbului.
eg. to talk + -ing -> talking
to work + -ing -> working
to start + -ing -> starting
Exista cateva exceptii. Anumite verbe isi schimba ortografia.
1. Verbe care se termina in –e
Verbele care se termina in –e isi pierd –e-ul final inaintea
adaugarii formei –ing.
eg. to have -> hav – e + -ing -> having
to live -> liv – e + -ing -> living
to dance -> danc – e + -ing -> dancing
to make -> mak – e + -ing -> making
Atentie. Fac exceptie verbul “to be” la la gerunziu devine
“being” si verbele care se termina in –ee, de exemplu “to see”
sau “to agree”, care sunt regulate si devin “seeing” si,
respective, “agreeing”.
2. Verbe care dubleaza consoana finala 5. Verbe care se termina in –ic
Verbele formate dintr-o singura silaba care se termina intr-o Verbe care se termina in –ic li se adauga un –k inaintea
singura consoana precedata de o singura vocala isi dubleaza desinentei –ing.
consoana finala inainte de a li se adauga –ing. eg. to picnic + k + -ing
eg. to stop + p + -ing -> stopping to panic + k + -ing
to plot + t + -ing -> plotting
to swim + m + -ing -> swimming
to get + t + -ing -> getting

Verbele formate din mai mult de o silaba, dubleaza consoana

finala inainte de a adauga –ing, daca ultima silaba este
accentuata.
eg. to preFER + r + -ing -> preferring
to beGIN + n + -ing -> beginning

to VISit + -ing -> visiting

to LISten + -ing -> listening
to reMEMber + -ing -> remembering

3. Verbe care se termina in –ie

La verbele care se termina in –ie, diftongul “ie” devine “-y”,
inainte de a adauga –ing.
eg. to die – ie + y + -ing -> dying
to lie – ie + y + -ing -> lying

4. Verbe care se termina in –y

Verbelor care se termina in –y li se adauga de regula –ing.
eg. to play + -ing -> playing
to study + - ing -> studying
to deny + -ing -> denying
 Cand folosim “Present Simple” si cand “Present
Continuous”

Pentru a intelege bine diferenta dintre Present Simple si

Present Continuous este util sa te intrebi cand are loc actiunea
despre care se vorbeste. In limba literara, adverbele de timp
(exprimate sau subintelese) iti sugereaza care forma verbala
trebuie folosita.

PRESENT SIMPLE
Present Simple se foloseste in mod special pentru a descrie
actiuni habituale si recurente. Propozitiile sunt adesea insotite
de adverbe de frecventa: “always”, “often”, “usually”,
“sometimes”, “seldom”, “never”.
eg. He goes to work every day.
She always gets up at 7 o’clock.
Where do you live?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Present Continuous se foloseste pentru a exprima:
a) actiuni care se desfasoara in momentul in care se vorbeste
(adesea cu adverbele “now” si “at the moment”);
b) actiuni care se desfasoara pe o perioada limitata de timp
(adesea cu adverbele “today”, “this week”, “this month” etc);
c) actiuni viitoare programate dinainte.
eg. They’re cooking dinner now.
I’m reading “An Italian Affair” this month.
She’s meeting with Jack tomorrow.