2016 IEEE Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science

Transportation Security through Inter Vehicular

Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) Handovers Using RF
Trans Receiver
Mr. Pravin Wararkar Dr. S.S.Dorle
Department of Department of
Electronics Engg(Research Scholar) Electronics Engg.(Professor & Head)
G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur
Nagpur, India Nagpur, India
pwararkar@gmail.com ssdorle@gmail.com

Abstract— Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks (VANETs) has mostly

gained the attention of today’s research efforts. The new
proposed model will investigates security aspects of vehicle to
vehicle communication(V2V) using RF transmitter and
receiver. A key piece information in vehicular Ad-Hoc networks
(VANETs) is position. The use of RF transmitter and receiver
will considerably includes the amount of trust that can be
given to the received position information. The goal of VANET
researches to develop a vehicular communication system to
enable quick and cost efficient distribution of data, for the
benefits for passengers safety, security,& comfort .our solution is
based on simple principle “Believe what you see, verify what you
hear”. By comparing what is seen i.e detected by RF
transreceiver to what has been reported over the network , can
confirm the real position of the neighbours and defect malicious
vehicle ,thus achieving the security each vehicle generates
information about the state of the traffic based on both what is Fig.1 VANET Structure
seen & what is received from the other vehicle in the system. This
technique will improve security in VANET by preventing A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) facilitates
malicious users from falsifying their position information. communication between vehicles and between vehicles and
infrastructure. The study of VANETs has recently become an
Keywords--VANET, V2V, RF. increasingly popular research topic in the area of wireless
networking as well as the automotive industries
I. INTRODUCTION
The goal of VANET research is to develop a vehicular
In Recent years’s rapid development in wireless communication system to enable quick and cost-efficient
communication networks has made inter-Vehicular distribution of data for the benefit of passenger’s safety or
Communications (IVC) and road-vehicle communications comfort.
(RVC) possible in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks(MANETs),this
has given birth to the new type of MANET known as the Fig.1 demonstrates the usefulness of VANET in real road
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network(VANET),aiming to enable road scenario. If an accident warning can be send to cars
safety, efficient driving, and infotainment approaching the accident region, it would allow the drivers to
take the preventive measures and avoid disasters. A good real
Vanet security should satisfy four goals, it should ensure that
time feedback of the traffic condition would surely decrease
the information received is correct (information authenticity),
the number of accident and person killed every year in road
the source is who he claims to be (message integrity and
accidents
source authentication), the node sending the message cannot
be identified and tracked (privacy) and the system is strong.

978-1-4673-7918-2/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE


Fig. 2 Message generated by vehicle involved in accident to inform
approaching vehicles.
II. ABOUT VANET
A vehicular ad hoc network,or VANET ,is a technology that
uses moving cars as nodes in a network to create a mobile
network. A VANET turns every participating car into a
wireless router or node, alloing cars approximately 100 to 300
metres of each other to connect and, in turn , create a network
with a ideal range. As cars fall out of the signal range and
drop out of the network, other cars can join in, connecting
vehicles to one another so that a mobile internet is created.it is
estimated that the first system that will integrate this
technology are police and fire vehicles to communicate with
each other for safety purpose.
Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) can offer various
services and benefits to VANET users and thus deserves
deployment effort. VANETs with interconnected vehicles and
numerous services promise superb integration of digital
infrasructure into many aspects of oue lives, from vehicle-to-
vehicle, roadside devices, base stations, traffic lights, and so
forth. A network of huge number of mobile and high speed
vehicles through wireless communication connections has
become electronically and technically feasible and been
developed for extending traditional traffic controls to brand
new traffic sevices that offer large traffic related
applications.Safety information exchange enables life-critical
applications, such as the alerting functionality during
intersection traversing and lane merging, and thus plays a key
role in VANET applications.
Many research challenges must be fully studied before
VANETs can be successfully deployed in this multiple
handover netorks. Devlopment of such VANET needs
different metaheuristic algorithms require for data handovers,
which give rise to GA & PSO approach. Major challenges in
such network environments include varying path
characteristics and vulnerable channel resulting from dynamic
traffic conditions and the design of the road.
In VANETs, the changes in the weather and the traffic
conditions, the motion of the vehicles, and the presence of
different types of obstacles affect the propogation of the
signals in multi VANET data handover system. So
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information flow in most VANET applications is either from
vehicles to infrastructure or from infrastructure to vehicles.
Vehicular ad hoc networks are increasingly choosing as an
essential alternative for different transmissions in the present
and are considered as one of the most importatnt kinds of next
generation networks(NGN), in which user can access to the
information anywhere and at any movement, without having
to find a fixed place of connection.
III. CONCEPT OF V-2-V & V-2-I COMMUNICATION
Proposed analytical Model will consists of two vehicle which
communicate data with each other, both the vehicle have RF
transmitter and receiver and other transmitter and receiver is
placed at base station.Vehicle communicate the data to base
station and the base station to the necessary action releated to
the problem aries to the vehicle and then communicated the
data to the other vehicle for necessary action.
V-2-V Communication:
In the present fast world, the accidents are very common,but
the accidents on the highways causes more casualties to the
human life and also paralyze the human being, to overcome
these problem we are trying to minimize the problem by our
research Work, if the vehicles on the highways can
communicate with each other.
This research Work also solves the problem of the traffic
jams, wastage of time, diesel etc. the communication can be
done by using RF transmitter and receiver.Fig.3 shows
different blocks which are as follows:-
SWITCHES: The switches are provided to write the messages
on the LCD display.When the switch is pressed,a particular
message is written on display. And then the same is
transmitted using RF transmitter.
SENSOR: The sensor is use to give the intelligence to the
system. The sensor used is IR sensor (infrared) sensor.It is
used to detect the obstacle.When the obstacle is detected the
vehicle stops and conveys the massage to the other vehicle,
which also gets stop.
Fig.3 RF Transmitter section

Fig.4 Base Station
MICROCONTROLLER:It is the heart of the system it
controls all the activities of the system. It takes the data from
the sensor , it takes the proper action and then transmits the
data to the other vehicle, which then take the necessary action.
It also displays the data or the message from the switch and
transmitter using RF transmitter.In such a way all the
activities are controlled by the microcontroller.
H-BRIDGE: The current from the microcontroller is not
sufficient to drive the current of the D.C. motor so this IC
required.
LCD DISPLAY: This is used to display the message and the
activities happened during the operation of the system.
RF TRANSMITTER: It is used to transmit the message to the
remote end.An RF module (radio frequency module)is a
(usually)small electronic circuit used to transmit and /or
receive radio signals on one of a number of carrier
frequencies.RF module are widely used in electronic design
owing to the difficulty of designing radio circuitry.Good
electronic radio design is notoriously complex because of the
sensitivity of radio circuits and the accuracy of components
and layouts required to achieve operations on a specific
frequency.Design engineers will design a circuit for an
application which requires radio communication and then
“drop in “a radio module rather than discret design ‘saving
time and money on development.
RF modules are most offen used in medium and low volume
products for consumer application such as garage door
openers,wireless alarms system,industrial remote
control,smart sensor application,and wireless home
automation system.they are offen used to replace older infra
red radio commution design as they have the advantage of not
requiring line of sight operation.
Several carrier frequiences are commonly used in
commercially available RF modules, including 433.92MHz,
315MHz,868MHz and 915MHz. These frequiences are used
because of national an international regulations governing the
used of radio for communication.
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IV. PROPERTIES OF VANET
As an integral part of an ITS system, IVC combines the
following technologies and disciplines.
Sensing and close environment perception : by using different
sensors (weather conditions state of the road ,state of the
vehicle ,pollution and others) and camers ,the driver have
certain amount of information and a better visibility inside his
vehicle.Enabling him to react appropriately to changes in his
immediate environment.
Processing: with large processing capacity on board,vehicles
nowdays are intelligent and are able to interpret the collected
information with the purpose of helping the driver to make a
decision(particularly in driver assistance system ).
Storage:Large storage space is required in this context in
order to store different classes and types of information.This
data structure are updated via events and decision from the
communication system.we should note that in a network of
vehicles energy and storage are sufficiently available.
Routing and Communication: for informatin exchange and
diffusion in the vehicular network itself or with oher
network(IP or cellular for examples ).This permits to increase
the precaution perimeter with the help of an extended
perception of the environment and thus give a more accurate
prediction of driving problems.
V. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This Research Work solves the problems of the traffic james
,wastage of time ,disel etc .The communication can be done
mostly by using RF transmitter and receiver.
We have made two vehicles which communicate the data with
each other, and also with the base station. The temperature of
the vehicle which is running will be continuously displayed on
the LCD screen due to presence of IC LM35. If suppose the
temperature is exceeded above the limit the driver will come
to know about it and he ensures to overcome it and prevent the
engine from getting damage.
If on the highway any obstacle is detected then the vehicle
will gets stop, otherwise, it will run, and it will also intimate
the other vehicle that obstacle has been detected.
If the accident has occurred then messages are transmitted by
pressing the keys of Matrix keypad in which each key consist
a single message, to inform other vehicle so that they divert
their path or take necessary action. The message is first
transmitted to base station and then base station to other
vehicles.
If the vehicle is travelling through the area which is dark, or
on highway their is absence of light, then the headlights of the
vehicle will automatically gets ON, due automatic headlight
switching technique, otherwise in presence of light the
headlights remains OFF.

VI. RESULTS

Fig.5 shows the complete representation of proposed

analytical model in which there are three modules that is
vehicle 1, base station and vehicle 2.In this, data can be
transmitted between vehicle 1 to base station and base station
to vehicle 2 and vice-versa.

Fig.7: Vehicle displaying message

Fig.8 shows that if any obstacle is detected within the range of

Infra-red (IR) sensor then the vehicle gets stop and it convey
the message to other vehicle and it also gets stop.

Fig. 5 from L to R- Vehicle-1, Base Station and Vehicle-2

Fig. 6, Server unit displays received message from vehicle 1

through RF module. As soon as vehicle 1 transmits the signal
intimate the other coming vehicle.

Fig. 8 Vehicle detecting Obstacle

Fig. 9 given below shows the automatic headlight switching,

in which 1st figure is showing that when the light falls on
LDR the head light is off but in figure 2 when there is
absence of light on comparatively less light falling on LDR
the headlight gets ON.
Fig. 6 Server unit displaying message received from Vehicle-1

Fig.7 given below is indicating the rise and fall of temperature

inside the car by using IC LM35, which will prevent the
Engine from getting damage.

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Fig.9 Automatic head-light switching
VII. APPLICATIONS
1) The main IVC network applications can be classified into
three categories. 1)road safety applications 2) driver
assistance applications and 3) comfort applications In
what follows – we explain these categories in more detail
and then given the examples of applications.
2) Road safty applications: road safety has become a
priority in most developed countries this priority is
motivated by the increasing the number of accident on
road due to the increasing number of vehicles.in order to
improve safety in traavel and wireless Ad Hoc and sensor
network.
3) Comfort applictions for the driver and passangers: user
information and communication services in particular
such as mobile acess to the internet ,electronic messaging
inter vehicle chat,network games etc.
VIII. FUTURE SCOPE
The VANET has vast future scope, some of them related to
our research work which are as follows;
1) Safety warning:
e.g. work zone warning, warning transit vehicle signal
priority etc. The differences between Life-critical safety
and safety warning are the allowable latency requiremnts,
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while the life critical safety usually require the messages
to be delivered to the near by nodes within 100
milliseconds, the safety warning can afford up to 1000
milliseconds.The messages can br broadcasted to all the
nearby VANET nodes VANET would support life critical
safety.
2) Electronic toll collection:
Each vehicle have to pay the toll eletronically when it
passes through a Toll collection point without stopping.
The Toll collection point will scan the Electrical License
Plate at the OBU of the vehicle, and issue a receipt
message to the vehicle, including the amount of Toll
collection point. In the MAC layer the electronic toll
collection should be able to access the DSRC service
channels except the control channel. It should be a direct
one-hop wireless link between the toll collection point
and the vehicle.
3) Roadside Service Finder:
e.g. find restaurants, gas stations etc, in the nearby area
along the road. A roadside services database will be
installed in the local area that connects to the
corresponding RSUs. Each vehicle can issue a service
finder request message that can be routed to the nearest
RSU: and a service finder response message that can be
routed back to the vehicle.
4) To overcome the problem of Blind Curve:
In the hilly roads there are many dangerous blind curves
which are difficult to detect, and chances of accident are
more on such blind curves. So,Proposed analytic model
will indicate blind Curve previously or warn us.
IX. CONCLUSION
From the results obtained above, Vehicular Ad-hoc
Networks(VANETs) is helpful for highway safety and
information services.Detecting false position information and
reducing the chances of attack is the key success to VANETs.
RF transmitter & receiver act as the eye of the system and
allow a vehicle to trust the information received from the
vehicles within its range. Our approach is efficient in
identifying compromised vehicles and reduces the burden on
channel available. We have developed vehicular
communication system which enables quick & cost efficient
distribution of data for the benefit of passenger’s safety,
comfort or security. We have proposed a general approach in
detecting & correcting errors that have been maliciously
introduced into data in a VANET. With this research work, we
want to contribute directly to the development of such
systems.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for
the many helpful comments and suggestions
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