Name.

Taiba batool

Father. Abdul Ali

Subject. Maths

Semester. Bs 3rd

Department. Education

Topic. Propertys of Integers.

Submitted by. Taiba batool

Submitted to. Ma'am humma

Date. 5/4/ 2021.

Introduction

What are the integers?

An integer (pronounced IN-tuh-jer) is a whole number (not a fractional number) that can be positive,
negative, or zero.

Examples of integers are: -5, 1, 5, 8, 97, and 3,043.

Examples of numbers that are not integers are: -1.43, 1 3/4, 3.14, .09, and 5,643.1.

The set of integers, denoted Z, is formally defined as follows:

Z = {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}

In mathematical equations, unknown or unspecified integers are represented by lowercase, italicized

letters from the "late middle" of the alphabet. The most common are p, q, r, and s.

The set Z is a denumerable set. Denumerability refers to the fact that, even though there might be an
infinite number of elements in a set, those elements can be denoted by a list that implies the identity of
every element in the set. For example, it is intuitive from the list {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...} that
356,804,251 and -67,332 are integers, but 356,804,251.5, -67,332.89, -4/3, and 0.232323 ... are not.

The elements of Z can be paired off one-to-one with the elements of N, the set of natural numbers, with
no elements being left out of either set. Let N = {1, 2, 3, ...}. Then the pairing can proceed in this way:
In infinite sets, the existence of a one-to-one correspondence is the litmus test for determining
cardinality, or size. The set of natural numbers and the set of rational numbers have the same cardinality
as Z. However, the sets of real numbers, imaginary numbers, and complex numbers have cardinality
larger than that of Z.

Properties of Integers

Integers have 5 main properties of operation which are:

Closure Property

Associative Property

Commutative Property

Distributive Property

Identity Property.
Property 1: Closure Property

Among the various properties of integers, closure property under addition and
subtraction states that the sum or difference of any two integers will always be an
integer i.e. if x and y are any two integers, x + y and x − y will also be an integer.

Example 1: 3 – 4 = 3 + (−4) = −1;

(–5) + 8 = 3,

The results are integers.

Closure property under multiplication states that the product of any two integers
will be an integer i.e. if x and y are any two integers, xy will also be an integer.

Example 2: 6 × 9 = 54 ; (–5) × (3) = −15, which are integers.

Division of integers doesn’t follow the closure property, i.e. the quotient of any
two integers x and y, may or may not be an integer.

Example 3: (−3) ÷ (−6) = ½, is not an integer.

Property 2: Commutative Property

The commutative property of addition and multiplication states that the order of
terms doesn’t matter, the result will be the same. Whether it is addition or
multiplication, swapping of terms will not change the sum or product. Suppose, x
and y are any two integers, then

⇒x+y=y+x

⇒x×y=y×x

Example 4: 4 + (−6) = −2 = (−6) + 4;

10 × (−3) = −30 = (−3) × 10

But, subtraction (x − y ≠ y − x) and division (x ÷ y ≠ y ÷ x) are not commutative for

integers and whole numbers.

Example 5: 4 − (−6) = 10 ; (−6) – 4 = −10

⇒ 4 − (−6) ≠ (−6) – 4

Ex: 10 ÷ 2 = 5 ; 2 ÷ 10 = 1/5

⇒ 10 ÷ 2 ≠ 2 ÷ 10
Property 3: Associative Property

The associative property of addition and multiplication states that the way of
grouping of numbers doesn’t matter; the result will be the same. One can group
numbers in any way but the answer will remain the same. Parenthesis can be
done, irrespective of the order of terms. Let x, y and z be any three integers, then

⇒ x + (y + z) = (x + y) +z

⇒ x × (y × z) = (x × y) × z

Example 6: 1 + (2 + (-3)) = 0 = (1 + 2) + (−3);

1 × (2 × (−3)) =−6 = (1 × 2) × (−3)

Subtraction of integers is not associative in nature i.e. x − (y − z) ≠ (x − y) − z.

Example 7: 1 − (2 − (−3)) = −4; (1 – 2) – (−3) = −2

1 – (2 – (−3)) ≠ (1 − 2) − (−3)

Property 4: Distributive Property

The distributive property explains the distributing ability of operation over
another mathematical operation within a bracket. It can be either distributive
property of multiplication over addition or distributive property of multiplication
over subtraction. Here, integers are added or subtracted first and then multiplied
or multiply first with each number within the bracket and then added or
subtracted. This can be represented for any integers x, y and z as:

⇒ x × (y + z) = x × y + x × z

⇒ x × (y − z) = x × y − x × z

Example 8: −5 (2 + 1) = −15 = (−5 × 2) + (−5 × 1)

Property 5: Identity Property

Among the various properties of integers, additive identity property states that
when any integer is added to zero it will give the same number. Zero is called
additive identity. For any integer x,

x+0=x=0+x

The multiplicative identity property for integers says that whenever a number is
multiplied by 1 it will give the integer itself as the product. Therefore, 1 is called
the multiplicative identity for a number. For any integer x,
x×1=x=1×x

If any integer multiplied by 0, the product will be zero:

x × 0 = 0 =0 × x

If any integer multiplied by -1, the product will be opposite of the number:

x × (−1) = −x = (−1) × x.
 Reference.

Properties of Integers Operation With Examples and Questions -

ByjusProperties of Integers Operation With Examples and Questions - Byjus

( Constant)

1.intruduction

2.Integers

3.Types of Integers.

4.5 propertys of integers.

( The End)