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830-185-07 i

OPERATOR'S HANDBOOK

THE OXFORD 1.0 & 1.5 TESLA

ACTIVE SHIELDED WHOLE BODY

IMAGING MAGNET

(OR26 AND OR71)

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830-185-07 ii

1998 Oxford Magnet Technology Ltd

The information contained herein is the property of Oxford Magnet Technology Ltd and may not be
copied in whole or in part except with the prior permission of Oxford Magnet Technology Ltd or, if
it has been furnished under a contract with another party, as expressly authorised under that
contract.

Oxford Magnet Technology Ltd

Wharf Road

Eynsham

Oxford OX8 1BP, England

Telephone: Oxford (01865) 880880 Fax: Oxford (01865) 850176

Oxford Superconducting Technology - Service Department

600 Milik Street

Carteret

New Jersey 07008, U.S.A.

Telephone: 908 541 1300. Fax: 908 541 7769

Authorised By:

Marketing Department

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CONTENTS

SECTION............................................................................................PAGE

1. SAFETY INFORMATION ............................................................ 1-1

1.1 SAFETY.......................................................................................... 1-2


1.2 NOTES FOR READERS............................................................... 1-3
1.3 THE MAGNETIC FIELD.............................................................. 1-6
1.4 THE SAFE HANDLING OF CRYOGENIC SUBSTANCES..... 1-13
1.5 EMERGENCY RUN DOWN UNIT ............................................ 1-16
1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY.................................................... 1-16
1.7 FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS.......................................... 1-17
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS .................. 1-17
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT & STORAGE COND’S ... 1-17
1.8 DECOMMISSIONING................................................................ 1-18
1.11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS............................................................. 1-18

2. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS ........................................... 2-1

2.1 RECEIPT OF MAGNET SYSTEM.............................................. 2-2


2.2 TRANSPORTATION TO INSTALLATION SITE ...................... 2-5
2.3 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (STATIC)............ 2-8
2.4 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (MOBILE) ........ 2-12
2.5 SEA SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS
(STATIC & MOBILE SYSTEMS) .............................................. 2-16
2.6 FLOOR LOADING...................................................................... 2-20
2.7 VENTILATION OF EXHAUST GASES..................................... 2-22
2.8 SITING OF THE EMERGENCY RUN DOWN UNIT
- REMOTE SWITCH................................................................... 2-38
2.9 MAGNET WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS ............................... 2-40
2.10 GROUNDING THE MAGNET ................................................... 2-41

3. TECHNICAL INFORMATION .................................................... 3-1

3.1 THE CRYOSTAT .......................................................................... 3-2


3.2 THE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET ...................................... 3-5
3.3 THE 2194 ELECTRONICS RACK............................................... 3-8
3.4 THE 2195 ELECTRONICS RACK............................................... 3-9
3.5 THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM.............................................. 3-9

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4. INSTALLATION............................................................................ 4.1

5. OPERATIONAL DETAILS........................................................... 5-1

5.1 HELIUM TRANSFER PROCEDURE .......................................... 5-2


5.2 FITTING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT LEAD (HDCL) 5-21
5.3 REMOVING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT
LEAD (HDCL).............................................................................. 5-27
5.4 RAMPING UP THE MAGNET................................................... 5-30
5.5 RAMPING DOWN THE MAGNET ........................................... 5-35
5.6 MAINS FAILURE DURING MAGNET RAMPING.................. 5-37
5.7 DEPRESSURISATION OF THE HELIUM VESSEL................ 5-39
5.8 ENERGISING THE HELIUM LEVEL PROBE......................... 5-41
5.9 VENTING LEAK DETECTION ................................................. 5-41

6. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ................................................. 6-1

6.1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................... 6-2


6.2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS ................................................ 6-2
6.3 LIQUID HELIUM BOIL OFF RATE............................................ 6-3
6.4 HELIUM VESSEL PRESSURE .................................................... 6-3
6.5 COMPRESSOR PRESSURE........................................................ 6-3
6.6 SERVICE TURRET ICE............................................................... 6-4
6.7 PERFORMANCE LOG................................................................. 6-4
6.8 CORRECT USE OF 'O' RINGS ................................................... 6-5

7. INSPECTION AND CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE.............. 7-1

7.1 INSPECTION................................................................................. 7-2


7.2 HIGH HELIUM BOIL OFF........................................................... 7-2
7.3 MAGNET QUENCH...................................................................... 7-3
7.4 PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF AND REPLACEMENT OF
THE QUENCH VALVE BURST DISC FOR THE HELIUM
VENTING SYSTEM ...................................................................... 7-7
7.5 TURRET/VALVE SEALS INTEGRITY....................................... 7-9

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Figure 1.1

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Figure 1.2

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830-185-07 Section 1 1-1

1. SAFETY INFORMATION

1.1 SAFETY
1.2 NOTES FOR READERS
1.3 THE MAGNETIC FIELD
1.4 THE SAFE HANDLING OF CRYOGENIC SUBSTANCES
1.5 EMERGENCY RUN DOWN
1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
1.7 FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS
1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS
1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CONDITIONS
1.10 DECOMMISSIONING
1.11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

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1.1 SAFETY

These notes must be read and understood by everyone who comes into contact with a
Superconducting MRI Magnet System. They are NOT for the sole information of senior or
specialist staff. Proper training procedures must be undertaken to familiarise all persons concerned
with such equipment with these requirements. Also since the field from the magnet is
3-dimensional, consideration must be given to floors above and below the magnet as well
as the surrounding space on the same level.

The installation and operation of a superconducting MRI magnet system presents a number of
hazards of which all personnel must be aware. It is essential that:

- Areas in which magnet systems are worked on or used, and their installation generally, are
planned with full consideration for safety.

- Such premises and installations are operated in a safe manner and in accordance with
proper procedures.

- Adequate training is given to personnel.

- Clear notices are placed and maintained to warn people that they are entering a hazardous
area. Figure 1.2 gives examples of safety notices that should be displayed.

- All health and safety procedures are observed.

- A number of special symbols are used on the magnet system components. These are shown
below:

The 'Safety' section of this handbook, which follows, outlines aspects of operation and installation
which are of particular importance.

It is the obligation of Oxford's customers to communicate to their own customers and to


users of the equipment, the information in this manual regarding safety procedures and
hazards associated with magnet systems.

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830-185-07 Section 1 1-3

Product Classification to IEC 601

- Type of protection against electric shock - Class 1

- Degree of protection against electric shock - Type B

- Mode of operation - Continuous

- Protection against ingress of liquids - Not protected

- Suitability for use with flammables - Not suitable

1.2 NOTES FOR READERS

This handbook provides information and instructions necessary to operate and maintain an MRI
magnet.

In addition to the comprehensive safety precautions which operators must observe at all times, the
descriptive matter and technical notes are provided to establish a useful data base. Maintenance
information is also provided.

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Figure 1.2 – Safety Notices

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Figure 1.2 – Safety Notices (continued)

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1.3 THE MAGNETIC FIELD

While active shielded magnets greatly reduce the stray field, certain precautions must be taken to
ensure that hazards will not exist due to the effect of a magnetic field on magnetic materials or on
surgical implants. Typical of such effects are the following:

- Large attractive forces may be exerted on equipment made from, or containing,


ferromagnetic materials. Small pieces of equipment may therefore become projectiles, large
equipment (for example gas bottles, power supplies) could cause bodies or limbs to become
trapped between the equipment and the magnet. Either type of object may cause injury
or death. The closer to the magnet, the larger the force. The larger the equipment mass, the
larger the force.

- The operation of medical electronic implants, such as cardiac pacemakers, may be


affected either by static or changing magnetic fields. Pacemakers do not all respond in the
same way or at the same field level if exposed to fields above
0.5 mT.

- Other medical implants, such as aneurysm clips, surgical clips or prostheses, may contain
ferromagnetic materials and therefore would be subject to strong forces near to the magnet.
This could result in injury or death. Additionally, in the vicinity of rapidly changing fields (for
example pulsed gradient fields), eddy currents may be induced in the implant resulting in heat
generation and forces.

- The operation of equipment may be directly affected by the presence of large magnetic
fields. Items such as watches, tape recorders and cameras may be magnetised and
irreparably damaged if exposed to fields above 0.5 mT. Information encoded magnetically
on credit cards and magnetic tape may be irreversibly corrupted. Electrical transformers
may become magnetically saturated in fields above 5 mT and electric motors will not
function. The safety characteristics of equipment may also be affected.

A controlled access area must be set up around the magnet, and to prevent situations as described
above from occurring, the following general precautions are provided as guidelines. These should be
regarded as minimum requirements. Every MRI site location should be reviewed individually to
determine precautions to be taken against the above hazards. Also, since the field from the
magnet is 3-dimensional, consideration must be given to floors above and below the
magnet as well as the surrounding space on the same level.

Before ramping the magnet to field the following precautions must be taken.

- Ensure all loose ferromagnetic objects are removed from within the 0.5mT zone, including
vehicles around mobile units. Ferromagnetic objects can cause injury and can also affect the
magnetic field.

- At all points of access to the magnet room display illuminated warning signs that the magnet
is operating. These signs should operate automatically when the field is on.

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WARNING:

Under no circumstances should magnetic tools and equipment be taken into the
controlled access area when the magnet is at field.

- Local statutory requirements should be followed with respect to access to the controlled
access area.

- Display warning signs giving notice of the possible presence of magnetic fields and of the
potential hazards in all areas where the field may exceed 0.5 mT. The above hazards are
generally considered to be insignificant in fields of less than, or equal to, 0.5 mT. Figures
1.3 and 1.5 show the limits of 200, 40, 20, 10, 5, 3 and 1 mT zones and figures 1.4 & 1.6
show the limits of 1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 and
0.1 mT zones for the two magnet systems. The contours are shown parallel to the
main field and parallel to the floor.

Perpendicular to the main field, the contours are circular. Ensure all electronics and interfacing
equipment supplied by Oxford are placed in areas where the field level is less than 5 mT, with the
exception of the emergency run down unit where the field level should be less than 10 mT.

The safe working field level of other equipment must be individually assessed by the system
manufacturer.

After ramping the magnet to field do not bring ferromagnetic objects into the magnet room, or move
vehicles close to a mobile unit.

Use only non-magnetic cylinders and dewars for storage/transfer of compressed gas or cryogenic
liquids. Equipment for transportation of cylinders/dewars must also be non-magnetic.

Occupational Exposure

The field contours of figures 1.3 and 1.4 (OR26) and 1.5 and 1.6 (OR71) should be used to
determine compliance with legislation on occupational exposure to magnetic fields.

For MR equipment capable of examining the whole body at a field strength above 2 T, or a locally
set limit, it is essential that operation above that limit should only be performed under investigational
human studies protocols approved according to local requirements, and vital body functions should
be monitored if appropriate.

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830-185-07 Section 1 1-8

Emergency Medical Procedures

The user must ensure that he has set up emergency procedures for the patient which take account of
the presence of the magnetic field. These instructions shall include recommendations to establish a
procedure for removing patients rapidly from the magnet's influence (if necessary by using the
ERDU).

In the event of cryogen gas release it is recommended that patients are evacuated and that oxygen
levels are monitored.

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Figure 1.3 - 1.0T (OR26) Field Contours

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Figure 1.4 - 1.0T (OR26) Field Contours

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Figure 1.5 1.5T (OR71) Field Contours

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Figure 1.6 1.5T (OR71) Field Contours

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1.4 THE SAFE HANDLING OF CRYOGENIC SUBSTANCES

Cryogenic liquids can be handled easily and safely provided certain precautions are obeyed. The
recommendations in this section are by no means exhaustive, and when in doubt the user is advised
to consult the supplier.

The safe handling of cryogenic liquids requires a knowledge of the properties of these liquids,
common sense and sufficient understanding to predict the future behaviour of such liquids under
certain physical conditions. It is therefore recommended that cryogen filling should be performed by
trained and experienced personnel only.

The substances referred to in these recommendations are liquid nitrogen, air and helium.

1.4.1 GENERAL SAFETY RULES

Cryogenic liquids, even when kept in insulated storage vessels (dewars), remain at a constant
temperature at their respective boiling points and will gradually evaporate. The very large increase in
volume accompanying this vaporisation is approximately 700:1 for helium and therefore:

CONTAINERS OF CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS MUST NOT BE COMPLETELY CLOSED AS


THIS WOULD RESULT IN A LARGE BUILD UP IN PRESSURE AND THUS PRESENT AN
EXPLOSION HAZARD.

In the event of a large spillage operate the fire alarm, and inform the fire department of the nature of
the spill, the material and the time of the event.

1.4.2. HEALTH HAZARDS

Asphyxia of varying severity will occur if the magnet room is not properly ventilated. Helium can
displace air and lead to a reduction of oxygen from the top of a room and cold nitrogen can displace
air from lower levels. The imaging suite must be fitted with an Oxygen Level Meter.

Burns- Cryogenic substances in liquid or vapour form or as low temperature gases produce effects
on the skin similar to burns (cold burns).

Exposed or insufficiently protected parts of the body coming into contact with uninsulated venting
pipes or vessels will stick fast and the flesh will be torn if removed.

1.4.3 FIRST AID

If any of the cryogenic liquids come into contact with eyes or skin, immediately flood the affected
area with large quantities of cold or tepid water and then apply cold compresses. Never use hot
water or dry heat. MEDICAL ADVICE SHOULD BE SOUGHT IMMEDIATELY.

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1.4.4 PROTECTIVE CLOTHING

Protective clothing must be worn mainly to avoid cold burns, and dry leather or PVC gloves
must be worn when handling or working with cryogenic liquids.

Gloves must be loose fitting so that they can be removed easily in case of liquid spillage.

Eyes must be protected by goggles, or preferably a full 'face shield' .

Do not wear any metallic objects (for example jewellery) on those parts of the body where they
may come into contact with the liquid.

1.4.5 HANDLING

Cryogenic liquids must be handled and stored in well-ventilated areas.

Do not allow cryogens to come into contact with the body.

Always handle the liquids carefully - boiling and splashing will always occur when filling a warm
container or when inserting warm objects into the liquid.

When inserting open ended pipes into the liquid, block off the warm end until the cold end has
cooled down. Never direct pipe/piping towards any person.

1.4.6 EQUIPMENT

Only use containers specifically designed for use with the particular cryogen and constructed of
non-magnetic materials.

1.4.7 LIQUID HELIUM

Liquid helium is the coldest of all cryogenic liquids. It will therefore condense and solidify any other
gas (air) coming into contact with it, with the consequent danger that pipes and vents may become
blocked.

Liquid helium must be kept in specially designed storage or transport dewars. Vacuum insulated
pipes( helium syphons) should be used for liquid transfer; breakdown of the insulation may give rise
to condensation of oxygen.

Helium is inert and provided the gas is at a temperature above the boiling point of nitrogen it may be
treated like nitrogen.

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830-185-07 Section 1 1-15

Do not smoke

Rooms in which cryogenic liquids are being handled must be designated no smoking areas. While
nitrogen and helium do not support combustion, their extreme cold can cause oxygen from the air to
condense on cold surfaces and may increase the oxygen concentration locally. There is a particular
fire danger if the cold surfaces are covered with oil or grease which is itself combustible.

Flammable materials must not be left in the vicinity of the magnet or storage dewars. Any flammable
materials found should be removed to a safe distance (for example, outside the 0.5 mT exclusion
zone).

1.4.8 PROPERTIES OF HELIUM AND NITROGEN

Nitrogen Helium

Molecular weight 28 4

Normal boiling point (K) 77 4.2

Normal boiling point (0 C) -196 - 269

Approximate expansion ratio* 680 740

Density of liquid at normal boiling point (kgm-3) 810 125

Colour( liquid) none none

Colour (gas) none none

Odour (gas) none none

Toxicity none none

Explosion hazard with combustible material no no

Pressure rupture if liquid or cold gas is trapped yes yes

Fire hazard: combustible no no

Fire hazard: promotes ignition no no

* NOTE: Volume of gas at 150 C and atmospheric pressure produced by unit volume of liquid at
normal boiling point.

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1.5 EMERGENCY RUN-DOWN UNIT

The magnet can be de-energised quickly to less than 20 mT (within 30 seconds) in emergency
situations by operating the ERDU remote switch.

To operate the ERDU you must follow this procedure:

1. Make sure no person is standing on or near the top of the magnet.

2. Warn other personnel to keep away.

3. Press the 'STOP' button on the ERDU remote switch.

The ERDU operates by passing a current through heaters located in the magnet windings: when
these become resistive the current flowing in the windings causes further heating and the current/field
to reduce to zero. The heat generated during this process, known as a 'quench', boils off large
amounts of liquid helium.

Examples of emergencies requiring operation of the ERDU are fire, or life threatening and injury
situations which would be removed by removing the magnetic field.

1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

The field generated by a superconducting MRI magnet extends in all directions.

The operator must ensure that an exclusion zone is created around the magnet so that the field
outside is not more than 0.5 mT (5 Gauss). The field contours of figure 1.4 (OR26) and figure 1.6
(OR71) should be used to determine the minimum size of the exclusion zone. A solid wall should be
used to prevent accidental access. The main access doors should have a gas venting grid so that
accidental pressure build-up in the suite will neither force open the doors nor prevent their being
opened.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that all equipment, services, data links or personnel
passing through the affected space are adequately protected and that access to the area is
controlled.

Access doors leading into the exclusion zone must be capable of being secured against unauthorised
entry, and fitted with warning signs. Care must be taken to advise personnel who have access (in
particular security, cleaning or maintenance staff who often have their own keys) of all the risks
associated with magnetic fields and systems operating with cryogens.

Local emergency services must be informed of the presence of a magnet operating in their area
as this may affect their procedures in dealing with fires or other accidents.

Only non magnetic fire extinguishers and other emergency equipment are permitted in the
magnet zone.

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1.6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE AND DISPOSAL

During the operating life of the magnet no harmful waste products or residues are produced. Before
disposal, all cryogenic liquids are to be vented safely to atmosphere. The cryostat vacuum must be
released using an Oxford Magnet Technology approved method by trained personnel only. All
stainless steel, aluminium, copper and brass used in the magnet construction is recyclable. All other
materials must be disposed of in accordance with local laws and regulations.

1.7 FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS

In case of fire evacuate personnel from the area, sound the fire alarm and de-energise the magnet by
operating the ERDU.

Water must not be used on electrical equipment and when sprayed on cryogenic liquids will
rapidly freeze. The magnet ventilation may become blocked by ice with subsequent risk of an
explosion and the release of cryogens from the system.

The surface temperature of containers for liquid nitrogen and helium, if not vacuum insulated, may be
sufficiently low to condense oxygen or oxygen enriched air. This liquid in contact with flammable
substances can become explosive.

Portable fire fighting equipment must be non-magnetic and should be installed in accordance with the
local fire regulations. It is recommended that fire precautions are discussed with the local fire
department. Emergency procedures should be established, and it is the user's responsibility to take
the necessary initiatives.

In case of a large cryogen spillage avoid direct contact with the liquid: sound the fire alarm.

1.8 ENVIRONMENTAL OPERATING CONDITIONS

1.8.1 Ambient operating temperature: 10-40 degrees C


1.8.2 Relative humidity: 30-80% non-condensing
1.8.3 Atmospheric pressure: 700-1060 mbars
1.8.4 Recommended storage temperature: -40 to 70 degrees C

1.9 ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT AND STORAGE CONDITIONS

The recommended environmental conditions for transport and storage are defined in the product
specification. They are summarised as follows:

1.9.1 Ambient temperature: -40 to 70 °C


1.9.2 Relative humidity: 10 to 100% non -condensing
(must be kept dry if unpacked)
1.9.3 Atmospheric pressure: 200 to 1060 mbars
(appropriate transportation kit)
These conditions may be maintained for 15 weeks. Marking for packaging and handling will comply
with International Standard ISO780/BS2770.

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1.10 DECOMMISSIONING

Decommissioning MUST be carried out by trained personnel with expertise in magnet handling,
Oxford Magnet Technology Service department must be contacted for advice.

1.11 GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Accessory - An optional component part intended for attachment to, or use with, MRI equipment
which, when attached, affects or modifies the general characteristics of the equipment.

Calibration - The setting of adjustments to cause a unit to operate within specified limits.

Cold Ship - Ability to be shipped without fitting transit components.

Control Panel - Any part of the MRI system upon which are mounted the switches, knobs,
pushbuttons, and components necessary for selecting the conditions of operation.

Critical Current - The maximum current, for a given magnetic field and temperature, that can flow
through the superconductor and still allow it to remain superconducting.

Cryogenics - Study of low temperatures.

Cryostat/Dewar - Vacuum insulated vessel for containing cryogens.

ERDU - Emergency run down unit.

DCL - Demountable current lead

Field homogeneity - Variations in field intensity due to the influence of iron objects in the vicinity of
the magnet and deviations from the theoretical winding configurations.

Flashing - Excessive loss of Helium liquid due to rapid depressurisation.

Fringe field - The magnetic field outside the boundary of the examination suite.

(G) Gauss - 10,000 G = 1 Tesla.

Heavy gang (riggers) - Personnel trained and experienced in the handling of heavy equipment.

HDCL - Hardwired DCL (fitted with fixed fly leads).

Liquid Helium - A liquid with a boiling point of 4.2K (- 268.950 C).

Liquid Nitrogen - A liquid with a boiling point of 77K (-1960 C).

Magnetic Flux - A measure of the strength of a magnetic field.

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MPSU - Magnet power supply unit.

MRI - Magnetic resonance imaging.

Non-Magnetic Material - Materials which are not ferro magnetic.

OMB - OXFORD MAGNET BUS

OVC - Outer vacuum case of a cryostat.

Quench - The rapid boil-off of the cryogen within a magnet vessel caused by the transition of a
superconductor between its superconducting state and its normal (resistive) state.

RMA - Returned materials authorisation.

SCRU - Screening coil reset unit

Superconductivity - A phenomenon occurring in many metals and alloys, where the electrical
resistance becomes zero at a temperature near to absolute zero.

Superinsulation - Multilayer insulation wrapped around cryogenic reservoirs within the cryostat to
reflect thermal radiation.

(T) Tesla - The unit of magnetic flux density, in SI system of units.

Transfer tube/syphon - Vacuum insulated tube for transferring cryogen between two vessels.

UPS - Uninterruptable power supply

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-1

2. INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS

2.1 RECEIPT OF MAGNET SYSTEM


2.2 TRANSPORTATION TO INSTALLATION SITE
2.3 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (STATIC SYSTEMS)
2.4 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (MOBILE SYSTEMS)
2.5 SEA SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (STATIC AND MOBILE
CONFIGURATIONS)
2.6 FLOOR LOADING
2.7 VENTILATION FOR EXHAUST GASES
2.8 SITING OF THE EMERGENCY RUN DOWN UNIT - REMOTE SWITCH
2.9 MAGNET UNIT WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS
2.10 GROUNDING THE MAGNET

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-2

2.1 RECEIPT OF MAGNET SYSTEM

2.1.1 DAMAGE IN TRANSIT

The shipping agents should be informed immediately of any damage apparent either to the packing
or the product. This action should then be followed up by a FAX to the Oxford Shipping
Department indicating the nature of the problem. Where possible, photographs of the damaged
items should be sent with the damage report.

Check all items supplied against the packing list supplied with each magnet and notify the Oxford
Quality Department by FAX of any shortages or damage.

2.1.2 INSPECTION OF SHOCK INDICATORS

Every magnet shipped by Oxford is fitted with shock indicators. These indicators are attached to the
cryostat base frame.

It is important that Oxford receives information on the status of the shock indicators once the magnet
has been moved into its final position on installation.

For a mobile magnet, the shock indicators must remain attached to the cryostat for its entire service
life. The status of the shock indicators should be recorded after the magnet has been loaded into the
van and again during regular service calls.

The shock indicator status should be recorded on a form, (Appendix 1) and returned to Oxford in
the self addressed envelope. The form and self addressed envelope are shipped with every magnet.

A label is attached to the service end of the cryostat, instructing personnel of these requirements.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-3

TABLE 2.1

EXPECTED PRESSURE GAUGE READING

CONFIGURATION AIR FREIGHT KIT SEA FREIGHT KIT INSTALLED


PRESSURE
Low 0.7 psi Low < 6 psi
STATIC Typ 1.0 psi Typical - Offscale* 0.67 ± 0.2 psi
High Figure 2.1
Low 1.0 psi Low < 6 psi
MOBILE Typ 1.3 psi Typical - Offscale* 0.6 → 4.2 psi
High Figure 2.1 (Figure 2.1)

* The -0.5 to + 6 psi system pressure gauge is capable of withstanding an overload of


33 psi.

On receipt of the system in any of the above configurations if the gauge is reading zero or in the red
sector, contact OXFORD SERVICE immediately for advice before attempting the installation.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-4

Figure 2.1

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-5

2.2 TRANSPORTATION TO INSTALLATION SITE

2.2.1 GENERAL HANDLING AND LIFTING PROCEDURES

The magnet is designed to be sufficiently strong to be shipped without special transport brackets but
the strength is optimised so as not to affect the cryogenic performance. Care must therefore be
exercised when handling the magnet, since abnormal forces due to bad or careless handling
practices will damage the system.

All lifting and moving of the magnet must be carried out by trained personnel and under no
circumstances may the system be dropped or skidded along the floor.

It is recommended that when moving the magnet, it should not be tilted by more than 15 degrees.

2.2.2 MOVING

It is preferable to move the system on air pads, but if unavoidable, skates may be used. If skates are
used, the surface must be true, which might mean laying plates on the floor before moving the
magnet. The system must be supported on the pads or skates directly under the feet of the cryostat.
This must be carried out by an experienced ‘heavy gang’. The system must not be allowed to fall off
the pad or skate, but must be gently lowered to the floor.

2.2.3 LIFTING

2.2.3.1 During transportation it is recommended that the magnet is lifted by the packing
crate using either a crane or a fork lift truck.

2.2.3.2 Once unpacked the system should only be lifted via the four swivel bolt shackles
which are fitted at the top of the system. Use 4 chains of equal length as shown in
figure 2.2. The length of the chains (B) should not be less than 1000 mm.

IMPORTANT NOTE:

The swivel bolt shackles must be removed after the system has been installed and
before energisation by unscrewing the M16 socket cap screws which secure them.
When refitting them it is essential that these screws are torqued to the manufacturer's
specified setting of 81 Nm before attempting to lift the magnet.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-6

2.2.4 CRANE OPERATIONS

Lifting, lowering and traversing must be carried out at low speed. Care must be taken not to snatch
when lifting nor drop when lowering. The system must not impact other objects when traversing.

Any crane and equipment used to move the magnet, must have a safe working load equal to or
greater than:-

OR26 1.0 T Active Shield 3,750 kg minimum


OR71 1.5 T Active Shield 4,400 kg minimum

NOTE:

This does not include the gradient coil and gradient coil mounting hardware.

2.2.5 FORK LIFT OPERATIONS

The truck must be capable of lifting the weight listed in section 2.2.4. Lifting and lowering must be
carried out slowly, smoothly and in a controlled fashion.

Driving must only be at slow speed.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-7

F i g u r e 2 . 2 - L i f t in
in g w i t h C h a i n

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-8

2.3 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (STATIC SYSTEMS)

2.3.1 INTRODUCTION

2.3.1.1 If the magnet has been air freighted with liquid helium contained in the helium vessel,
the venting system will be fitted with relief valves which ensure that the pressure
within the helium vessel is kept above atmospheric pressure.

2.3.1.2 The quench valve has a plate (C) fitted to its exhaust port. This plate is fitted with a
hand operated 'ball' valve (A), and a 13 psi relief valve (D) (figure 2.3). A 16 psia
valve (E) is fitted to the vent from the 1/3 psig valves.

2.3.1.3 When the system arrives at its destination check these points:

2.3.1.3.1 The hand valve (A) on the valve plate is CLOSED (handle at right
angles to the valve axis) and locked with the special
bracket provided.

2.3.1.3.2 The bypass valve on the system venting (G) is OPEN (handle in line
with valve axis) and locked.

2.3.1.3.3 The pressure is as in Table 2.1

NOTE:

Occasionally the pointer on the gauge can stick in the offscale position, particularly if
the gauge has been reading offscale for some time. A gentle tap may be necessary to
restore the pointer to its correct position.

NOTE:

The system may be left safely venting through the relief valve until depressurisation is
required. However, if the pressure gauge reading is off the top of the scale and/or both
the 16 psia and 13 psi valves are venting, begin the depressurisation procedure
immediately.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-9

WARNING:

This procedure should be carried out by trained personnel wearing protective clothing.
Do not allow the system to vent into the imaging suite or any other closed room. Always
ensure that there is adequate ventilation. Observe safety procedures for handling
cryogens - see Systems Manual.

2.3.2 PROCEDURE

2.3.2.1 Remove the blank (F), and fit a suitable vent pipe to the hand valve (A) outlet so
that the helium gas can be vented via the suite vent directly to atmosphere.

2.3.2.2 On the valve plate, release the lock on the hand valve's handle (A).

2.3.2.3 CLOSE the bypass valve on the system's venting, and lock it with the locking
bracket.

2.3.2.4 If the system pressure is not at the installed level (Table 2.1) and there is excess
pressure, the pressure release must be controlled to minimise flash loss. Open the
hand lever slowly to approx. 150 from the closed position (the helium gas should be
heard escaping).

WARNING:

The valves and associated pipework will get very cold. Do not touch cold parts.
Smoking and naked lights are forbidden.

2.3.2.5 When the pressure has fallen back to below 5 psi or the pressure
reading is back on scale the valve handle can be opened further.

2.3.2.6 When the pressure has dropped to the ‘installed’ level (Table 2.1) and the vent line
has thawed, the valve plate assembly (C) may be released from the quench valve
port.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-10

NOTE:

Occasionally the pointer on the gauge can stick in the offscale position, particularly if
the gauge has been reading offscale for some time. A gentle tap may be necessary to
restore the pointer to its correct position.

2.3.2.7 Fit the quench valve straight adaptor or elbow as required to the outlet of the
quench valve. The elbow can be oriented to the most suitable position for
connection to the imaging suite venting. Use a new fibre gasket and lightly smear
with vacuum grease before fitting. Torque the M8 fasteners to 12Nm.

2.3.2.8 Connect the imaging suite venting to the quench valve port.

NOTE:

If the system pressure fails to drop and stabilise contact Oxford Service imme diately.

2.3.2.9 Remove the clamp securing the airfreight valve (E) to the HDCL vent port and fit
and secure a blank to the port.

2.3.2.10 Check the venting for leaks (section 5.9), and check the bursting disc integrity
(section 7.5).

2.3.2.11 Pack the removed parts in the box provided and return them to the Oxford Service
Department for re-use (obtain an RMA number in advance).

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-11

Figure 2.3 Air Ship Kit - Static Systems

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-12

2.4 AIR SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (MOBILE SYSTEMS)

2.4.1 INTRODUCTION

2.4.1.1 If the magnet has been air freighted with liquid helium contained in the helium vessel,
the venting system will be fitted with relief valves which ensure that the pressure
within the helium vessel is kept above atmospheric pressure.

2.4.1.2 The quench valve has a plate (C) fitted to its exhaust port. This plate is fitted with a
hand operated 'ball' valve (A), and a 13 psi relief valve (D) (figure 2.4). A special
blanking adaptor (E) is fitted to the connection between the venting and the NW25
port on the quench valve.

2.4.1.3 When the system arrives at its destination check these points:

2.4.1.3.1 The hand valve (A) on the valve plate is CLOSED (handle at right
angles to the valve axis) and locked with the special
bracket provided.

2.4.1.3.2 The bypass valve (G) on the system's venting is CLOSED


(handle at 900 to valve axis) and locked.

2.4.1.3.3 The pressure is as in Table 2.1

NOTE:

Occasionally the pointer on the gauge can stick in the offscale position particularly if the
gauge has been reading offscale for some time. A gentle tap may be necessary to
restore the pointer to its correct position.

NOTE:

The system may be left safely venting through the relief valve until depressurisation is
required. However, if the pressure gauge reading is off the top of the scale and/or both
the 16 psia and 13 psi valves are venting, begin the depressurisation procedure
immediately.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-13

WARNING:

This procedure should be carried out by trained personnel wearing protective clothing.
Do not allow the system to vent into the imaging suite or any other closed room. Always
ensure that there is adequate ventilation. Observe safety procedures for handling
cryogens - see Systems Manual.

2.4.2 PROCEDURE

2.4.2.1 Remove the blank (F), and fit a suitable vent pipe to the hand valve (A) outlet so
that the helium gas can be vented via the suite vent directly to atmosphere.

2.4.2.2 On the valve plate, release the lock on the hand valve's handle (A).

2.4.2.3 If the system pressure is not at the installed level (Table 2.1) and there is excess
pressure, the pressure release must be controlled to minimise flash loss. Open the
hand lever slowly to approx. 150 from the closed position (the helium gas should be
heard escaping).

WARNING:

The valves and associated pipework will get very cold. Do not touch cold parts.
Smoking and naked lights are forbidden.

2.4.2.4 When the pressure has fallen back to below 5 psi or the pressure reading is back
on scale the valve handle can be opened further. If the pressure has dropped to the
installed’ level (Table 2.1) and the vent line has thawed, the valve plate assembly
(C) may be released from the quench valve port.

NOTE:

Occasionally the pointer on the gauge can stick in the offscale position part icularly if the
gauge has been reading offscale for some time. A gentle tap may be necessary to
restore the pointer to its correct position.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-14

2.4.2.5 Fit the quench valve straight adapter or elbow as required to the outlet of the quench
valve. The elbow can be oriented to the most suitable position for connection to the imaging suite
venting. Use a new fibre gasket and lightly smear with vacuum grease before fitting. Torque the M8
fasteners to 12Nm.

2.4.2.6 Connect the imaging suite venting to the quench outlet adaptor.

NOTE:

If the system pressure fails to drop and stabilise contact Oxford Service immediately.

2.4.2.7 Remove the special blank adaptor (E) and reconnect the venting to the quench valve
flange.

2.4.2.8 Fit a blank to the HDCL connection vent port (labelled "open port" in figure 2.4).

2.4.2.9 Check the venting for leaks (section 5.9) and check bursting disc integrity
(section 7.5).

2.4.2.10 Pack the removed parts and return them to the Oxford Service Department
for re-use (obtain an RMA number in advance).

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-15

Figure 2.4 - Air Ship Kit - Mobile Systems

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-16

2.5 SEA SHIP KIT REMOVAL INSTRUCTIONS (STATIC AND MOBILE


SYSTEMS)

2.5.1 INTRODUCTION

2.5.1.1 If the magnet system has been sea freighted with liquid helium contained in the
helium vessel, the venting system will be fitted with a relief valve to regulate the
pressure to 30 psia and a 2 bar safety bursting disc (figure 2.5).

2.5.1.2 The quench valve has a 2 bar burst disc (A) fitted. The NW25 HDCL vent port on
the quench valve is fitted with a 30 psia relief valve (F) and a hand valve (J).

2.5.1.3 When the system arrives at its destination check these points:

2.5.1.3.1 The hand valve (J) is CLOSED (handle at right angles to valve
axis).

2.5.1.3.2 The bypass on the system's venting (H) is OPEN (handle in line with the
valve axis).

2.5.1.3.3 The pressure is as in Table 2.1. If it is not, contact Oxford Service.

NOTE:

The system may be left safely venting through the relief valve until depressurisation is
required.

WARNING:

This procedure should be carried out by trained personnel wearing protective clothing.
Do not allow the system to vent into the imaging suite or any closed room. Always
ensure that there is adequate ventilation. Observe safety procedures for handling
cryogens.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-17

2.5.2 PROCEDURE

2.5.2.1 CLOSE the system bypass valve (H) and lock it with the locking bracket.

2.5.2.2 Remove blank (C) (take care since there might be a small release of gas), and
connect the valve outlet to the suite venting or to atmosphere. Ensure that pipework
is properly supported and not left to hang on the connections alone.

2.5.2.3 To minimise the amount of helium lost, the pressure release must be performed in a
controlled manner. Open the shut off valve (J) slowly to approximately 150 from the
closed position. Helium gas should now be heard escaping from the system. The
vent line will cool in a few minutes until it becomes very cold.

WARNING

The valves and associated pipework will get very cold. Do not touch cold parts.
Smoking and naked lights are forbidden.

2.5.2.4 When the pressure indicated on the pressure gauge has fallen to 5 psi, the valve
opening should be gradually increased until it is fully open.

NOTE:

Occasionally the pointer on the gaug e can stick in the offscale position, particularly if
the gauge has been reading offscale for some time. A gentle tap may be necessary to
restore the pointer to its correct position.

2.5.2.5 When the pressure has dropped to the ‘installed’ level (Table 2.1), and the vent line
has thawed, the shipping parts may be removed. This process can be assisted by
the use of a hot air gun to warm up the venting assembly.

2.5.2.6 Remove the burst disc assembly (E) from the end of the quench valve.

2.5.2.7 Remove the assembly of 30psia valve (F) and hand valve (J). Blank the port (G)
using the components from (C).

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-18

2.5.2.8 Fit the quench valve straight adapter or elbow, as required, to the outlet of the
quench valve. The elbow can be oriented to the most suitable position for
connection to the imaging suite venting. Use a new fibre gasket and lightly smear
with vacuum grease before fitting. Torque the M8 fasteners to 12Nm.

2.5.2.9 Connect the imaging suite venting to the quench valve outlet adaptor.

2.5.2.10 Check the venting for leaks (section 5.9), and check the bursting disc integrity
(section 7.5).

2.5.2.11 Pack the removed parts in the box provided and return them to Oxford Service for
re-use (obtain the RMA number in advance).

2.5.3 Helium Transfer immediately after Depressurisation

2.5.3.1 During depressurisation the internals of the neck become very cold so that the smart
syphon valve becomes either partially or fully open. If a helium transfer is attempted
immediately after depressurisation, gas will vent from the syphon when the cap is
removed from the bayonet, in contravention of 5.1.7.10.

2.5.3.2 A period of about 30 minutes after depressurisation is needed for the neck and
syphon to warm sufficiently so that the smart valve is fully closed. Alternatively, as
the magnet is not at field immediately after depressurisation, the warnings 5.1.7.9
and 5.1.7.10 may be ignored IN THIS CASE ONLY.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-19

Figure 2.5 - Sea Ship Kit

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-20

2.6 FLOOR LOADING

Professional assistance from a civil or constructional engineer should be sought when considering
installation.

Magnet system weights with gradient coil (patient table and covers weight 1370 kgs)
3,750 kg (OR26), 4,400 kg (OR71).

Magnet base = two box sections, 1660 mm long x 152 mm wide.

Floor loading under each box section = 90 kPa( OR26), 105 kPa for ( OR71).

Note that if the magnet is pre-cooled using liquid nitrogen, and filled to 50% full, the extra weight of
liquid nitrogen will be 1,020 kg.

2.6.1 INSTALLATION ON A GROUND FLOOR WITH A SOLID BASE

For this application, the appropriate floor would be warehouse/factory standard. The floor strength
is dependent on several variables: thickness of concrete, amount and gauge of reinforcement.

2.6.2 INSTALLATION ON A HIGHER FLOOR OR A SUSPENDED FLOOR

A solid monolithic slab is recommended to attain the required load distribution without a sub-base.
This is not generally an appropriate location and the following points should be considered: adequate
checks on slab design should be carried out on the existing floor: special and massive floor designs
are required: access is restricted when installing the MRI system.

2.6.3 INSTALLATION ON A SECTIONALLY CONSTRUCTED FLOOR


SUCH AS TIMBER OR PRE-CAST CONCRETE PLANKS

These types of floor are generally unsuitable due to planks bending to take the load and deflecting
individually without spreading the load. However, it does depend on the orientation and position of
the magnet. It will be better if the load is spread over the width of several planks. Also, the best
position structurally would be close to a column, rather than in the middle of the floor.

2.6.4 MAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT

Ferromagnetic objects in close proximity to the magnet have an effect on the magnet's field
homogeneity.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-21

2.6.5 MAGNET LEVELLING

The magnet is fitted with jacking points at each of the four OVC feet (figure 2.5). To ensure the
magnet is level, levelling shims are provided in the accessories kit.

The shims should be fitted between the OVC foot and baseframe. To fit these shims it is necessary
to slaken the bolts securing the baseframe to OVC foot. the cryostat should then be jacked up
using a bottle jack. The jack piston must be located in the bracket counterbore, to avoid the risk of
it slipping. Once jacked up the required number of shims may be slipped into place. Ensure that the
shims are pushed fully home before lowering the jack. Once lowered the bolts should be retorqued
to 35 Nm.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-22

2.7 VENTILATION FOR EXHAUST GASES

2.7.1 VENTING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

2.7.1.1 General

Gaseous helium exhausted from the cryostat will displace oxygen and if not properly
ventilated the possibility of asphyxiation exists. The venting arrangement for static
and mobile systems differs in the type of relief valve used to control the 'normal'
boil-off from the system. The quench tube design requirement and quench valve are
common to both static and mobile configurations (figures 2.6 and 2.7).

2.7.1.2 Normal Boil-Off - Static Systems

For static systems the normal boil-off is vented by two 1/3 psig relief valves in
series. The first valve acts as a check valve to prevent warm gas from the smart
syphon vent from flowing back into the helium vessel.

2.7.1.3 Normal Boil-Off - Mobile Systems

For mobile systems the normal boil-off is vented by a 1/3 psi relief valve and a 15.7
psia absolute relief valve. The 1/3 psi valve has the same function as on the static
systems, to check the flow of warm gas from the syphon and prevent it from flowing
back into the magnet. The absolute vale is positioned in series (downstream of the
1/3 psi valve). This valve controls the pressure to an absolute level and is necessary
on these systems to avoid depressurisation of the helium vessel during ascents and
the risk of air ingress during a descent.

2.7.1.4 Quench Valve

If the magnet quenches the large volume of helium gas boiled off will exhaust via a
high capacity quench valve which opens at 6.3psi. The gas is then vented to
atmosphere via the quench tube.
The static boil-off is vented to atmosphere via the quench valve casing. The ramp
boil-off is vented via a separate 1/3 psig valve and into the quench valve casing
(figures 2.6 and 2.7).

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-23

2.7.1.5 Syphon Vent

The warm gas bypass on the smart syphon is vented via an integral 3 psig valve on
the smart syphon itself (figure 2.7). This is vented to atmosphere via the 15.7 psia
or 1/3 psi valve depending on whether the system is static or mobile. In this way the
system is protected by the absolute valve on mobile systems.

2.7.1.6 HDCL Vent

During magnet energisation the HDCL vent port is connected to the quench valve
casing.

2.7.1.7 Quench Tube

A suitable quench tube which is correctly dimensioned must be fitted to the quench
valve outlet flange (section 2.11.2). It is the responsibility of the customer to ensure
that the guidelines set out in 2.11.2 are adhered to. Failure to do so could result in
an over pressurisation of the helium vessel.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-24

Figure 2.6 - Venting Configuration

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-25

Figure 2.7 - System Venting Schematic

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-26

2.7.2 DESIGN OF THE QUENCH TUBE

2.7.2.1 General

In the event of a quench the thermal energy dissipated causes an extremely rapid
boil off of the liquid helium. The system must be capable of exhausting the large
volume of gas generated at the approximate expansion ratio of 700:1 from liquid at
4.2 K to room temperature gas. The exhaust system is critical to the safe operation
of the magnet and the guidelines set out in this section must be followed.

2.7.2.2 Basis for design calculations

Calculation of the pressure drop along the quench tube during a quench is complex
due to the compressibility of the gas. This is further complicated by the non-linear
heat inputs along the length of the tube and the effect that this also has on the gas
density profile.
Computation of the pressure loss yields a result which is invariably different to that
obtained by experiment. For this reason the rigorous calculations that would be
needed to size the quench tube by determining the theoretical pressure drop have
been eliminated. Instead, the sizing procedure relies upon tabulated data which is
used in simple arithmetic calculations. The tables are based upon empirical data
derived from quench test pressure loss measurement (required as part of the magnet
system regulatory approval).

The sizing process is described by way of example in section 2.11.2.5. The tables
referred to in section 2.11.2.4 are based upon a peak mass flow rate of 1.0 kg/sec.

2.7.2.3 Quench tube components

The following specific design rules apply to the components making up the quench tube.

1 The quench tube will comprise straight tube sections, bends (up to 90o) and a diffuser if
required (figure 2.10). The end of the tube must be terminated with a protective rain guard.

2. The first six metres of the quench tube must be made from a non-magnetic material such as
stainless steel, aluminium or copper.

3. Due consideration must be given to thermal contraction, and the weight of the tube should
be supported against the surrounding structure. Do not support the weight of the tube or its
supporting structure on the quench valve.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-27

4. Suitable cryogenic gaskets will be used between all joint faces.

5. The end of the quench tube must be protected from the outside elements such as rain, snow
or any objects which could find their way in and cause a blockage. This will be in the form
of mesh the free cross-section of which should be double the cross section area of the
quench tube (figure 2.8).

6. Where the quench tube exits through a flat roof the outlet must be above a level where water
could enter it in the event of the roof drains becoming blocked. In the case of a horizontal
exit through a wall the outlet should be angled down slightly to help prevent rain ingress
(figure 2.8). The angle should be at least 50 for the last 1m of tube.

7. Where the quench tube exits vertically, a rain cover must also be fitted (figure 2.8) and the
mesh free cross-section should be four times the cross-section area of the quench tube. The
clearance between the rain shield and mesh should be the tube radius. A suitable deflector
plate should be welded to the tube where it exits the roof to prevent helium re-entering the
suite (figure 2.8). The deflector plate should be the same diameter as the rainguard. It
should be sited at least two pipe diameters above the roof and two diameters below the
bottom of the rainguard.

8. To avoid the risk of injury from cold burns, access to the quench vent must be restricted
within 3 metres of the external exit.

9. All bends shall be smooth walled and have a centreline radius to internal pipe diameter ratio
in the range 1.5 to 5.0. Where one piece bends are not readily available a fabricated bend
using straight sections is permissible provided that a minimum of 4 segments are used (figure
2.9)

10. Mitre elbows must never be used.

11. Expansions from a small to a large tube diameter will be accomplished using a diffuser.
Diffusers will conform to the geometric parameters shown in figure 2.10.

12. Thermally insulating the quench line will prevent cold burns during a quench. The insulation
thickness necessary to achieve this is 75 mm of 16 kg/m3 expanded closed cell polystyrene
or fibreglass insulation equivalent to R19 (R=Thermal Resistance = 1/C where C = Thermal
Conductance BThu/HR/ft2 /0 F)<0.3 Wm-2 K-1 ) or better and externally sealed by an
aluminium vapour barrier. A product such as Armaflex is ideal.

13. All straight tube sections will be hydraulically smooth.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-28

Figure 2.8 - Example of Quench Tube exhausting to the outside

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-29

2.7.2.4 SIZING PROCEDURE

The sizing procedure for the quench tube should follow the steps outlined below. Attention is
brought to the special note in 6 regarding the use of a tube comprising two different diameter pipes.

1. Determine the mean length of tube required to reach from the quench valve outlet to the end
of the quench tube where it exits to atmosphere. The mean length refers to the centreline
length inclusive of all bends. A nominal centreline radius for bends would be assumed at this
stage.

2. The length of the line determined in 1 is termed the ‘mean absolute length’ (L). In terms of
the pressure loss along the tube during a quench the apparent length of the tube is longer due
to the extra frictional losses around the bends. For this reason the apparent length (LA ) is
calculated as

LA = Ls + lb1 + lb2 +......

Where lb1,2 etc are the bend loss lengths and L s = the total length of the straight sections.

Select the diameter of tube required based upon the mean absolute length (L) from table
2.1. To the sum of the straight lengths, add on all bend loss lengths for the corresponding
diameter in table 2.2 to determine LA .

3. If LA is less than the permitted length in table 2.1 no further action is necessary and the
diameter selected may be used. If LA exceeds the permitted length select the next pipe
diameter up and repeat steps 2 & 3.

4. Determine the required size for the protective rain guard.

5. Determine the correct length for a diffuser if required.

6. Where it is expedient to use a smaller diameter tube for the first few metres of a long quench
tube, this is permitted provided that the remaining length of the tube is completed using a
larger tube which is at least four times the cross sectional area of the smaller. In addition, the
total length of the quench tube must not exceed the maximum recommended length for the
larger tube indicated in table 2.1. An example of this is described in 2.6.2.6.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-30

Figure 2.9 Quench Line Elbow Types

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-31

Figure 2.10 - Diffuser Design

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-32

Table 2.1 Maximum permissible tube lengths

Length of Pipe Diameter of pipe


7 m (23') 0.1 m (4")
29 m (95') 0.15 m (6")
55 m (180') 0.18 m (7")
82 m (269') 0.2 m (8")
150 m (493') 0.23 m (9")

Table 2.2 - Effective length of bends (total frictional loss of bend)

EFFECTIVE LENGTH PER BEND (m)


PIPE DIA(m) 900 450 900 Segmented 450 Segmented
0.1 (4") 1.15 0.75 2.0 1.3
0.15 (6") 1.73 1.12 3.0 2.0
0.18 (7") 2.07 1.35 3.6 2.3
0.20 (8") 2.42 1.57 4.2 2.73
0.23 (9") 2.65 1.73 4.6 3.0

Note: interpolate for values between 0 0 - 45 0 and 450 - 90 0.

Data only to be used for bends where R/D is in the range 1.5 to 5.0.

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2.7.2.5 Quench tube sizing - example 1.

It is determined that the mean absolute length for the quench tube (L) of 24.6 metres is required.
The tube includes two 900 bends where a centreline radius of 190 mm is assumed initially ie. length
of bend = 300 mm (figure 2.11).

1. From table 2.1 select a diameter for the tube that will accommodate the length required. In
this case 0.15 m gives a max permissible length of 29 metres.

2. Check bend radius to diameter ratio.

Assumed bend radius was 190 mm. Selected pipe dia is 150 mm hence R/D = 1.27.

This is outside the limits allowed in figure 2.9

A commercially available smooth walled bend has an R/D ratio of 2 which is acceptable for
1b2. For reasons of access it is decided to keep the R/D ratio of lb 1 as tight as possible and
since a one piece pipe is not available it is decided that a 5 segment fabricated pipe will be
used where R/D = 1.5. The radii for these bends are 300 mm and 255 mm. Correcting for
these, l1,2,3 become:

l1 = 3.965 m

l2 = 4.855 m

13 = 14.89 m

3. Determine apparent length LA.

LA = Ls + lb1 + lb2

= l1 + l2 + l3 + lb1 +lb2

= 3.965 + 4.855 + 14.89 + *3.0 + *1.73 = 28.44 m

* from table 2.2

Since the apparent length is less than the max recommended length of 29 metres the pipe
size selected is acceptable.

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830-185-07 Section 2 2-34

4. A diffuser is required to connect the 120 mm outlet on the quench valve to the 150 mm ID
pipe. From figure 2.10 the length of the diffuser is 300 mm min. The longer the diffuser the better so
in this instance because space permits, a diffuser 0.5 metres long is used. (Note this reduces straight
length of l3 to 14.39 metres).

5. A protective guard mesh with a mesh to free area ratio of 1:5 is to be used when the quench
tube emerges outside horizontally. Area of the quench tube is:

π 1502 = 17700 mm2


4

Required mesh area = 17700 x 2 x1.2 (double quench tube area + open area of mesh
correction - 2.6.2.3 rule 5).

= 42500 mm2

This could be accomplished using a 235 mm (9¼") dia mesh which is clear of the end of the
tube (figure 2.12). For a vertical exit the equivalent mesh would be 115 mm high, for a 235
mm diameter mesh (figure 2.12) since all of the gas exits radially. This is equivalent to four
times the quench tube cross-section area (+ mesh free area ratio correction).

2.7.2.6 Quench tube sizing - example 2.

Consider example 1 again but suppose an alternative using a flexible 4" convoluted tube could be
adopted for greater ease of installation and is used to replace the first 3 metres of the straight pipe
section l3 . This section l4 would be connected to the 6" pipe using a diffuser. In addition it becomes
necessary to increase length l1 to 36 m. The bend radii are to be increased to 350 mm.

1. Check that length of small dia flexible tube is acceptable.

Apparent length LA = lS + bend corrections.


There are no bends, so for the 4" section

LA = L 4 =3 m

From table 2.1 maximum recommended length for 4" tube smooth or convoluted is 7 metres
so LA is acceptable.

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2. The remainder of the tube must be constructed using a tube which is at least four times the
cross-section area of the 4" tube (2.6.2.4 rule 6).

In this case

required diameter = 4" x √ 4= 8"

3. Apparent length of larger tube is LA (8") = l1 + lb1+ l2 +lb2 + l3

Check bend radius to diameter ratio on assumed 350 mm centreline.

R/D = 350 = 1.75 This is within the range 1.5 - 5, therefore acceptable.
200

lb1 and lb2 = 2.42 m for pipe (table 2.2)

LA (8") correcting for the increased bend radius = 35.84 + 2.42 + 4.68 + 2.42 +11.84 =
57.2 m.

4. Total apparent length of tube = LA (4") + LA(8")

=3 + 57.2 m.

= 60.2 metres

This is less than the max recommended length for 8" pipe of 82 metres and is therefore
acceptable.

5. Determine size for diffuser required between 4" and 8" tubes.

From figure 2.9, minimum length of diffuser should be 250 mm (10"). This will reduce the
straight length of l3 from 11.84 m to 11.59 m.

6. Size vent mesh. In this instance size as per example 1 step 5 applies, but increased diameter
of pipe means that the required mesh areas becomes:

π x 2002 x 2 x 1.2 = 75,400 mm2.


4

This could be accomplished using a 310 mm diameter mesh.

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Figure 2.11
DEFINITIONS:

L Mean length of quench tube required.

LA Apparent length of quench tube required.

Ls Total length of the straight sections in the tube.

l1 .....ln Straight sections.

lb1 ....lbn Apparent length per bend.

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Figure 2.12 - Dimensions for Rainguard Meshes (Example 1)

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2.8 SITING OF THE EMERGENCY RUN DOWN UNIT - REMOTE SWITCH

The remote switch should be mounted within easy reach of the operator, in a prominent position in
direct line of sight from the magnet and outside the 10 mT contour. Additional operating buttons may
be arranged at the main operator’s console and outside the MRI suite for operation by emergency
services (figure 2.13).

Where several magnets are installed the ERDU remote switches should be clearly identified with
their respective magnets.

The ERDU electronics are incorporated within the MPSU electronics rack.

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Figure 2.13 - Suggested Placing of ERDU Remote Switch

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2.9 MAGNET UNIT WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS

2.9.1 MAGNET

2.9.1.1 Weight with cryogens: 3,750kg (OR26) (without gradient coil)


4,400kg (OR71) (without gradient coil)

2.9.1.2 Overall height: 2340mm

2.9.1.3 Overall length: 1700 mm

2.9.1.4 Overall width: 1970 mm

2.9.1.5 Minimum ceiling height: 2400 mm

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2.10 GROUNDING THE MAGNET

The cryostat is provided with a protective grounding point located at each end of the cryostat and
identified with a label. The cryostat must be grounded at all times using one of these grounding points
with a cable having a minimum cross section of 16mm2 .

When the magnet is connected to the MPSU additional grounding is required as described below:

WARNING:
For safe operation the magnet cryostat and the electronics rack must be grounded with
cable rated to the maximum current the magnet power supply unit can deliver.

The size of cable is dependent on two factors: the maximum current the magnet power supply unit
can deliver and the cable arrangement (i.e. run in free air, or bunched together with the magnet
power supply to magnet cables). The following table covers these two possible conditions for
ambient temperatures of up to 35 degrees centigrade.

Magnet power supply Maximum current Grounding cable run Grounding cable bunched
unit in free air away from with PSU output cables
other cables
2140 400A 2 x 35mm2 3 x 35mm2
2141 400A 2 x 35mm2 3 x 35mm2
2144 400A 2 x 35mm2 3 x 35mm2
2146/2184 400A 2 x 35mm2 3 x 35mm2
K2086 400A 2 x 35mm2 3 x 35mm2
2142 450A 2 x 50mm2 3 x 35mm2
2160 650A 3 x 70mm2 3 x 70mm2
2161 650A 3 x 70mm2 3 x 70mm2
2175/2187 750A 3 x 70mm2 4 x 70mm2
K2126 750A 3 x 70mm2 4 x 70mm2

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830-185-07 Section 3 3-1

3. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

3.1 THE CRYOSTAT


3.2 THE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET
3.3 THE ELECTRONICS RACK

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3.1 THE CRYOSTAT

3.1.1 STATEMENT OF INTENDED USE

The superconducting magnet system described in this manual is designed for use as part of a magnet
resonance imaging (MRI) system. The magnet is designed for use in static and mobile applications.
Electromagnetic protection is provided by the MRI suite.

3.1.2 VESSELS

The Oxford cryostat essentially consists of a helium reservoir and refrigerated radiation shields which
are housed in an outer vacuum vessel. It is designed to provide the optimum access to the magnetic
field and minimise the consumption of liquid helium. Note that there is no nitrogen reservoir.

3.1.3 SUSPENSION

A system of suspension components is employed to support the helium reservoir, containing the
magnet coils, within the outer vacuum vessel. This design provides accurate location together with a
very low heat load.

3.1.4 HELIUM BOIL-OFF

Liquid helium evaporation is reduced by refrigerated shields located between the reservoir and the
outer vacuum vessel. Further reductions are achieved by layers of superinsulation between each
metal surface.

3.1.5 THE CRYOSTAT SERVICE TURRET

Electrical sockets connect to the magnet switch heaters, the helium level monitoring probe, the
carbon resistors and the heaters for an emergency run-down of the magnet. The current lead
insertion port, helium transfer and recovery port and quench valve are accessible on the cryostat
service turret (figure 2.6). The helium absorption unit on the helium vessel and the radiation shield
temperature sensors are accessible from the drop-off plate.

3.1.6 THE QUENCH VALVE

A quench valve, fitted to the service turret, opens during a quench, and reseals afterwards thus
eliminating the need to replace the bursting disc. However, for safety reasons, a 15 psi bursting disc
is fitted inside the valve. During normal operation this disc should never need replacing (figures 2.6
and 7.1).

3.1.7 HELIUM SYPHON

The helium syphon to service turret seal design comprises a copper ferrule, a copper washer, a
stainless steel compression ring and ring nut.

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The action of tightening the ring nut compresses the copper ferrule onto the syphon tube. The
required seal between the ferrule and the seal housing counterbore in the service turret is formed by
a soft copper washer located between the underside of the ferrule and the bottom of the
counterbore (figure 3.1).

It is important to note that once the copper ferrule is fitted to the syphon it cannot be easily
removed. Therefore, if a replacement syphon is to be fitted, spare components must be to hand
before attempting such an operation. It is recommended that Oxford Service is contacted before
changing syphons.

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F i g u r e 3 . 1 - H e l i u m S y p h o n S e al

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3.2 THE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET

Superconducting material exhibits zero resistance when cooled to its critical temperature. A current
set up in a closed loop of wire made from such material will be maintained at its set value for a very
long period without any driving voltage. A power supply is required to set up the current, but is
switched off once the current is established.

3.2.1 THE MAGNET SWITCH

The magnet consists of several windings (figure 3.2) joined together to form a closed loop. A small
section of the loop is a separate device called a magnet switch, which has electrical heating coils
wound around it. When current is passed through the heater, the switch becomes resistive,
effectively creating an open-circuit section in the loop.

Current from the MPSU flows through the magnet winding, and a small amount flows through the
switch. The voltage across the switch, and the parallel-connected protection circuit (not shown in
figure 3.2), depends on the rate of change of field in the magnet. When the pre-set current level is
reached the MPSU delivers a constant current to the winding and no current flows through the
switch. There is no inductive driving voltage, because the rate of change of current is zero, and the
magnet is now in the constant current mode.

When the magnet switch heater is switched off the switch cools and reverts to zero resistance
completing the superconducting loop. As the MPSU is run down the current in the windings begins
to flow in the switch. When the MPSU current has reduced to zero the full magnet current is flowing
in the switch and the MPSU can be switched off.

3.2.2 PERSISTENT MODE

While the magnet current is flowing in a closed loop, the magnet is termed as being in the 'persistent'
mode. Once the magnet is operating in persistent mode, the demountable current lead which
conveys the current from the MPSU to the magnet windings is removed. This reduces consumption
of the cryogenic liquids being used to maintain the magnet in its superconducting state.

3.2.3 A TRANSIENT QUENCH

Electrical transients can sometimes be produced when a power supply is switched on. If the MPSU
is connected to the magnet and the magnet is already energised in the persistent mode, such a
transient may open the magnet switch. This will cause the magnetic field to collapse. To prevent this
happening, short-circuit links are automatically connected across the MPSU output terminals, when
their output current is zero and before the supply is switched on.

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Figure 3.2 - Magnet Schematic

Key: SH = Switch Heater

MPS = Magnet Power Supply

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3.2.4 FIELD DECAY

A property of superconductors, termed 'flux flow', causes the current established in a magnet in
persistent mode to redistribute itself within the wire, and eventually reach an equilibrium position.
This phenomenon leads to an apparent field decay for the first few days when a magnet has been put
into persistent mode, but the effect eventually settles out. Because it is very dependent on the
microscopic structure of the superconductor, it is difficult to predict the exact value and time
constant of this effect and it will be slightly different from one magnet to another. Typically the field
will decay at about one part in 106 per hour over the first few hours, gradually decreasing to a base
rate determined by the residual resistance inherent in the joints of the magnet windings.

3.2.5 SCREENING COILS

The benefit of significantly reduced sensitivity of the magnet system to changes in the magnetic
environment is provided by the inclusion of screening coils as an integral part of the Active Shield
magnet design. This also produces the advantage of a reduction in the magnetic field decay rate
while the screen coil is persistent.

The screen coils are electrically isolated from the main magnet coils and are fitted with their own
independent superconducting switch and switch heater circuit.

As the screening coils are magnetically coupled to the main magnet coils, any change in magnet
current induces a current in the screening coils. The contribution of the screening coils to magnet
inhomogeneity will be insignificant provided that the total induced current is minimised. The screening
coil reset unit ensures this by automatically controlling the screening coil superconducting switch,
periodically resetting the current in the screening coils to zero.

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830-185-07 Section 3 3-8

3.3 THE 2194 ELECTRONICS RACK

The 2194 is designed for use with the OR26 and OR71 magnets as an integral part of the Magnetic
Resonance Imaging System. The rack should not be sited in a field greater than 5 mT (50 Gauss). A
reliable electrical mains supply to the rack is required. In territories with unreliable mains supplies,
the installation of a UPS is recommended. The rack provides the following features:-

3.3.1 An magnet power supply (MPSU), providing operating currents up to 725 amps, with
sweep voltages up to 9.9 volts. The power supply acts as a current source with voltage limit.
Fully automatic control of magnet energisation and de-energisation is provided. Simplicity of
operation and a high degree of safety are ensured by automated microprocessor control of
the switch heater operation, energisation and overfield/underfield algorithm to minimise field
stabilisation time. The MPSU automatically carries out a self test and checks for output lead
continuity before commencing magnet ramping.

Front panel controls are provided for Run to Field , Run to Zero, MPSU ON and OFF.
The service panel allows the current and voltage demand to be preset, and provides
indication of actual current and voltage. Automatic or manual operation modes may be
selected by a key switch.

3.3.2 AC power distribution for the MRI system.

3.3.3 Magnet supervisory system which monitors the magnet's Helium Level and incorporates the
Emergency Run Down Unit (ERDU) and the Screening Coil Reset Unit (SCRU).

3.3.3.1 The Helium level meter displays the level of liquid helium contained in the
magnet's helium vessel, by using a superconducting wire probe. The meter
can be calibrated to suit each individual magnet.

3.3.3.2 The Emergency run Down unit provides an emergency facility for rapidly
de-energising the magnet. The magnet is fitted with electrical quench heaters,
which, when energised in conjunction with the magnet's switch heaters by
the ERDU, cause the magnet to rapidly de-energise. Operation of the
ERDU is via a remote switch which should be installed in the imaging suite.

3.3.3.3 The Screening coil reset unit is designed to provide all of the control and
monitoring facilities necessary for the operation of the magnet's screening
coils. During magnet energisation the SCRU holds the screening coil
superconducting switch open and automatically applies a preset delay
before closure on completion of ramping to allow for magnet settling time.
During normal operation the SCRU automatically resets the screening coil
current to zero by opening the screening coil switch once every 24 hours for
one minute. A manual reset switch is also provided.

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830-185-07 Section 3 3-9

3.3.3.4 To prevent the Scan Room power being switched on during Magnet
ramping an interlock function is provided.

For further information, refer to the 2194 handbook.

3.4 THE 2195 ELECTRONICS RACK

The 2195 is designed for use with the OR26 and OR71 magnets as an integral part of the
Magnetic Resonance Imaging System. The rack should not be sited in a field greater than 5
mT (50 Gauss).The rack is a 19 inch cabinet design, with front and rear doors concealing all
controls and providing access for service. The rack consists of two major components
which are:-

3.4.1 High performance non-pressurised closed loop re-circulating water cooler with
integrated 'Touch Screen' microprocessor based supervisory system.

3.4.2 Water cooled, rack mounted refrigeration compressor, Leybold Model: Coolpak
6000-1.

3.4.3 Located at the rear of the cabinet is a service panel. This has mounted to it a series
of bulkhead type fittings for interconnection of the 2195 to the following system
components:-

3.4.3.1 Primary water circuit (or supply).

3.4.3.2 Secondary water circuit (or gradient coil).

3.4.3.3 Electrical supply, typically from the Power Distribution Unit which
forms part of the Oxford Magnet Technology Model 2194 rack.

3.4.3.4 Helium compressor flexlines for connection to system coldhead.

3.4.3.5 Electrical supply for the system coldhead, distributed via the
compressor.

For further information, refer to the 2195 handbook.

3.5 THE REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

3.5.1 DESCRIPTION

The refrigeration system, operating on the Gifford-McMahon principle using a closed helium gas
cycle, is an integral part of the magnet system providing the necessary cooling power to reduce the
helium boil-off.

The refrigeration system comprises a cold head (RG5100), a compressor (Coolpak 6000 -1),
interconnecting gas-lines, and cryostat interface. An iron shield which fits over the cold head to
shield it from the magnetic field is fitted on 1.5 Tesla systems (OR71).

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The cold head, which is fitted to the cryostat via the Unisock interface, is separated from the
compressor, which is housed in the electronics rack, and connected by an electrical cable and high
pressure gas lines.

3.5.2 FILL PRESSURE

This magnet system is designed to meet its boil-off specification with a refrigerator capacity of 100
W at 80 K, and have a relatively insensitive boil-off response to cooling power variations within a
refrigerator cooling power tolerance band of approximately +/- 20%. Experiments have indicated
that the typical relationship is of the order of 1 cc/hr per Watt of cooling power within the defined
band.

To achieve the specified cooling power of 100 W at 80 K the Coolpack 6000-1 series
compressors has a nominal static fill pressure of 16 bar (50 Hz operation) or 14 bar (60 Hz
operation). In practice it is found that the average cooling power is in excess of 100 W, giving a
large margin of safety.

Given the small effect of any additional cooling power on the cryostat boil-off characteristics, it is
recommended that the compressor is run at a slightly reduced pressure in order to maximise the
service interval and product life. The recommended static pressures are therefore:

50 Hz - 14.5 to 15 bar

60 Hz - 12.5 to 13 bar

These pressures will produce a nominal cooling power in the range 92 to 95W, resulting in a
negligible increase in helium boil-off but significantly reducing the loading on the compressor and
cold head.

On new systems, compressors will be set to these values prior to shipment when the operating
frequency is known, but should be checked during system installation.

3.5.3 SAFETY FEATURES

The compressor will switch off in the event of

- helium gas over or under pressure

- the oil pump rotating in the wrong direction

- compressor over temperature

- current consumption too high

- gas outlet temperature too high.

A safety valve protects against over pressure during filling and warming.

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If the compressor trips out due to over-temperature, do not simply override the fault and turn the
compressor back on, since there is a risk of tripping the temperature sensor housed in the
compressor capsule. If this happens the compressor will not function until the capsule has cooled
down. This typically takes 3 to 4 hour. If the compressor trips out, switch it off. Only switch on
when the fault condition has cleared. If you are unsure contact Oxford Service.

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830-185-07 Section 4 4-1

4. INSTALLATION

The installation and commissioning of the magnet system will be performed by Oxford approved
personnel.

The instructions for operation of the system are detailed in section 5 and assume that the cryostat
has been fully installed.

The instructions for use specify that the manufacturer, installer or importer will not be responsible for
the effects on safety, reliability and performance, if assembly operation, extensions, readjustments,
modifications or repair are carried out by persons not authorised by him.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5-1

5. OPERATIONAL DETAILS

5.1 HELIUM TRANSFER PROCEDURE – SMART SYPHON


5.2 FITTING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT LEAD (HDCL)
5.3 REMOVING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT LEAD (HDCL)
5.4 RAMPING UP THE MAGNET
5.5 RAMPING DOWN THE MAGNET
5.6 MAINS FAILURE DURING MAGNET RAM PING
5.7 DEPRESSURISATION OF THE HELIUM VESSEL
5.8 ENERGISING THE HELIUM LEVEL PROBE
5.9 VENTING LEAK DETECTION

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5.1 HELIUM TRANSFER PROCEDURE - SMART SYPHON

5.1.1 Static and Mobile Systems

The fill procedure differs on static and mobile systems. Section 5.1.7 covers the Static
configuration and Section 5.1.8 the Mobile configuration.

WARNING:

Protective clothing, gloves and eye protection must be worn during the following
procedure. Trained personnel only should perform the following. Read the safe ty
instruction in section one.

WARNING:

Only non-magnetic equipment such as dewars, gas cylinders and tools may be taken into
the magnet room.

WARNING:

Helium gas must not be vented into the magnet room during transfer.

5.1.2 CRYOGEN PROCUREMENT

This is intended for information only and assumes normal temperatures. Quantities are dependant on
surrounding temperature as well as type of dewar and transfer equipment used. Below are the
approximate quantities of nitrogen and helium required to fill the magnet system.

5.1.2.1 Filling from Room Temperature to 100%

Nitrogen required 2000 Litres

Helium required 3000 Litres

5.1.2.2 Filling from Cold (empty to 100%)

Helium required 2500 Litres

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5.1.3 RECOMMENDED MINIMUM HELIUM LEVEL

When the magnet is at field, the helium level must not fall below the minimum level noted below:

Helium volumes:
1.0T (OR26) 1.5T (OR71)
Full: 1985 Litres 1870 Litres

100%: 1880 Litres 1770 Litres

30% minimum level: 480 Litres 460 Litres

Refill interval 32 Months 30 Months

WARNING:

Ensure helium volume is greater than the 30% minimum helium level before ramping
the magnet.

5.1.4 EQUIPMENT NEEDED

5.1.4.1 Helium storage dewar(s) containing sufficient liquid helium to fill the system to
100%.

NOTE:

Greater efficiency will be obtained if one large dewar is used rather than many small
ones.

5.1.4.2 Protective gloves and goggles.

5.1.4.3 Supply of helium gas (at least 99.9% pure).

5.1.4.4 Heat gun.

5.1.4.5 Dewar neck adaptor, clamps, seals, hose.

5.1.4.6 Leak detection fluid and/or leak detector gun.

5.1.5 PREPARING THE IMAGING SUITE

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5.1.5.1 Certain operations need to be done without delay, to ensure an efficient helium
transfer.

5.1.5.2 Ensure that there is open and clear access to the magnet for the storage dewar.

WARNING:

Ensure that no authorised person is allowed into the imaging suite whilst the doors are
open.

5.1.5.3 Ensure that there is open access to the magnet syphon.

5.1.6 PREPARING THE DEWAR

5.1.6.1 If the helium storage dewar is pressurised, release the pressure slowly to minimise
the loss of liquid. This must be done outside the magnet room or into the venting line.

5.1.6.2 Check the level of helium in the storage dewar. This may be done by weighing or by
using a dip stick.

5.1.6.3 Assemble the dewar helium syphon and fit the dewar extension with sludge inhibitor
to lengthen the dewar leg (figure 5.1).

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5.1.7 FILLING THE HELIUM VESSEL - STATIC SYSTEMS

5.1.7.1 The magnet is designed to have the cryostat smart helium syphon (figure 5.2)
permanently fitted in position following installation by the Oxford engineer. The
syphon should be left in position at all times. If the syphon needs to be removed for
any reason, notify Oxford Service Department.

5.1.7.2 The smart syphon is fitted with a ring around the top housing, which can be used to
open the smart valve if it does not open automatically after being fully cooled,
because of, for example, ice in the mechanism. This manual assist must not be
used unless the syphon has been fully cooled.

5.1.7.3 Because helium boil-off is relatively low, changes in atmospheric pressure could
force air into the helium vessel. For safety, two 1/3 psi valves are fitted to the steady
state boil-off vent line. These must remain in place at all times.

NOTE:

There is no need to depressurise the magnet prior to transfer.

5.1.7.4 Check that the system is fully pressurised (Table 2.1). If the system is at
atmospheric pressure there is a gas leak which can result in ice entering the neck.
Check the turret for leaks. If no leaks can be found on the turret, the valve might be
jammed open, or the quench valve bursting disc is broken. Refer to section 7.5 on
checking for a broken burst disc.

5.1.7.5 The demountable current lead must not be in the system if the magnet is at field,
when a helium transfer is done.

WARNING:

If the demountable current lead is left in the system when a helium transfer is done,
there is a significant risk of quenching the magnet.

5.1.7.6 Check that the connections of the helium exhaust port to the helium vent system are
intact, and check that the helium exhaust is venting freely.

5.1.7.7 Move the dewar close to the magnet so that the dewar syphon can be mated with
the cryostat syphon without excessive bending.

5.1.7.8 Close the vent valve and low pressure relief valve on the dewar (figure 5.3). Fit the
dewar to syphon leg adaptor if necessary. Connect the gas supply hose to the
dewar adaptor if the dewar is not self pressurising.
WARNING:

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830-185-07 Section 5 5-6

Use only pure (at least 99.9%) helium gas, to pressurise the dewar.

5.1.7.9 Open the dewar syphon flow valve.

NOTE:

The valve is fully open when the two guide pins at the top of the knurled brass nut are
flush with the top of the stainless threaded body. Approximately 4 turns (clockwise
viewed from above) are needed to fully open the valve from fully closed.

WARNING:

DO NOT open the vacuum valve near the bayonet.

5.1.7.10 Insert the syphon down leg into the dewar neck adaptor and tighten the 'O' ring
clamp so as to make a gas seal through which the syphon leg can slide. Open the
dewar access valve and slowly slide the syphon into the dewar. Gas will begin to
flow through the syphon. Allow the syphon to purge for about 10 seconds, to clear
out any air and then close the dewar syphon flow valve. Push the syphon down until
the end of the syphon is no less than one inch above the bottom of the dewar (to
prevent ice sludge blocking the syphon), unless an extension with sludge inhibitor is
fitted in which case the syphon may be pushed to the bottom of the dewar. Tighten
the 'O' ring clamp to ensure no gas leak. Open the gas supply and set the delivery to
5psi (0.34 bar), or allow the dewar to pressurize to this level.

NOTE:

5 psi is needed in the dewar in order to operate the syphon at sea level and standard
atmospheric pressure.

NOTE:

Do not allow the pressure in the dewar to exceed 6 psi (0.41 bar) at normal conditions.
Both excessive and insufficient pressure will reduce transfer efficiency.

5.1.7.11 Check that the smart syphon valve is in the ‘vent’ position. If not, do NOT proceed,
contact Oxford Service for advice.

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5.1.7.12 Unplug the end of the cryostat syphon. If there is any gas flow, replace the plug and
contact Oxford Service for advice.

WARNING:

If the checks in 5.1.7.9 and 5.1.7.10 are not strictly adhered to and followed, the magnet
WILL quench if a transfer is attempted.

5.1.7.13 Check the condition/location of the sealing 'O' ring then slightly open the dewar
syphon flow valve and connect the dewar syphon to the smart syphon and tighten
the securing nut.

NOTE:

Make sure that the dewar half is clean and dry before inserting into the system half. If
this joint is securely made, ice should not form on the coupling during transfer.

5.1.7.14 Open the flow valve on the dewar syphon fully.

NOTE:

With the smart syphon installed there is no need to pre-cool either syphon part.

Gas will flow through the syphons, and will be vented from near the top of the
cryostat syphon into the recovery system until both syphons are cooled to near 4.2
K. At this point the smart syphon valve will operate to let liquid into the cryostat.

NOTE:

Syphon cooling takes about 10 minutes. The syphon is fitted with a visual indication of
the valve position. Once the transfer starts, the pressure will drop in the dewar and it
will need to be repressurised to maintain the flow.

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NOTE:

If, after the vent line from the top of the syphon has become very cold (visible vapour
falling, or liquid oxygen dripping from it - this will be after about 10 minutes under
normal circumstances), the smart valve has not moved to the transfer position, it is
probable that the smart valve has become stuck in the closed position. In this case, the
ring on the top of the syphon may be used to open the smart valve. Apply even pressure
to both sides of the ring, lift the ring to the top of the slot in the housing [about 10mm],
and hold it in place until the spring force on it reduces. The helium is now flowing into
the magnet, and will keep the syphon cold and the valve open [Transfer]. At the end of
the transfer, the valve should move to the closed [Vent] position.

WARNING:

Do not manually move the valve unless the syphon has had adequate time to cool. If the
valve is moved before the syphon is cold the magnet will quench. Ensure that there is
liquid helium in the delivery dewar. Manual operation of the lifter if the dewar is empty
is very likely to quench the magnet.

NOTE:

If the helium transfer takes a long time, and specifically if a number of small dewars
have to be used, the top housing of the syphon can become iced. This ice can stop the
manual lifter moving, and thereby prevent the smart valve operating. In these
circumstances the top housing should be warmed to keep it free of ice. Do no use
excessive heat.

5.1.7.15 Switch on the helium level meter to monitor the helium level intermittently. Do not let
the meter read continuously, or the heat load will reduce efficiency. Record the initial
level in a log book. An increase in helium level should occur within 15 minutes of the
bypass valve closing. If not, stop the transfer and investigate the reason for poor
transfer.

NOTE:

The helium transfer must not be left unattended.

5.1.7.16 If frost or condensation form on the body of the syphons, stop the transfer
immediately and contact Oxford Service Department. Some frosting at the bayonet
coupling is normal.

5.1.7.17 Connect a hose to the vent-down connection on the dewar so that the dewar can be

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830-185-07 Section 5 5-9

depressurised into the recovery line or into atmosphere outside the imaging suite.

5.1.7.18 As soon as the helium level meter registers 100%, or the supply dewar empties
(dewar pressure drop noted), switch off the level meter and stop the transfer by
closing the dewar syphon flow valve. If the dewar is empty, refer to section 5.1.9.

5.1.7.19 Turn off the gas supply and vent the dewar down to atmospheric pressure. Close
the dewar valve after venting down and open the low pressure relief valve. Wait
until the smart syphon valve has returned to the "vent" position (1 to 2 minutes).

NOTE:

If the smart syphon valve does not return to the "vent" position, it is probable that the
valve has become stuck in the open position. In this case, the ring on the top of the
syphon may be used to close the smart valve.

5.1.7.20 Stand clear of the syphon joint and disconnect the two syphons. TAKE CARE! As
soon as the syphons are disconnected cold gas might exhaust from the cryostat
syphon. Wipe away any moisture from the end of the cryostat syphon and re-plug
without delay.

NOTE:

Ensure that the magnet half syphon is capped immediately. Air entering the magnet half
syphon will freeze in the valve mechanism and prevent it operating.

5.1.7.21 Take the dewar and its syphon out of the magnet room.

5.1.7.22 Some pressure might have built up in the dewar. Open the dewar vent valve and
ensure that the dewar is depressurised. Close the dewar vent valve. Remove the
syphon from the dewar and immediately close the neck access valve on the dewar.
Open the dewar pressure relief valve for transportation. Warm the dewar syphon
and carefully store it in a dry place.

NOTE:

The syphon is a delicate piece of equipment. Handle it with care at all times.

5.1.7.23 Record in a log book the amount of liquid transferred.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 10

5.1.8 FILLING THE HELIUM VESSEL - MOBILE SYSTEMS

5.1.8.1 The magnet is designed to have the cryostat smart helium syphon (figure 5.2)
permanently fitted in position following installation by the Oxford engineer. The
syphon should be left in position at all times. If the syphon needs to be removed for
any reason, notify Oxford Service Department.

5.1.8.2 The smart syphon is fitted with a ring around the top housing, which can be used to
open the smart valve fi it does not open automatically after being fully cooled,
because of, for example, ice in the mechanism. This manual assist must not be
used unless the syphon has been fully cooled.

5.1.8.3 Because helium boil-off is relatively low, changes in atmospheric pressure could
force air into the helium vessel. For safety, a 15.7 psia and a 1/3 psig valve are
fitted to the steady state boil-off vent line. These must remain in place at all
times.

NOTE:

There is no need to depressurise the magnet prior to transfer.

5.1.8.4 Check that the system is fully pressurised (table 2.1) On Mobile systems where an
absolute valve is fitted the differential pressure could be as high as 4.2 psi. If the
system is at atmospheric pressure there is a gas leak which can result in ice entering
the neck. Check the turret for leaks. If no leaks can be found on the turret, the
valve might be jammed open, or the quench valve bursting disc is broken. Refer to
section 7.5 on checking for a broken burst disc. Re-pressurisation could take
several hours (see 5.1).

5.1.8.5 The demountable current lead must not be in the system if the magnet is at field,
when a helium transfer is done.

WARNING:

If the demountable current lead is left in the system when a helium transfer is done,
there is a significant risk of quenching the magnet.

5.1.8.6 Check that the connections of the helium exhaust port to the helium vent system are
intact, and check that the helium exhaust is venting freely.

5.1.8.6 Move the dewar close to the magnet so that the dewar syphon can be mated with the
cryostat syphon without excessive bending.

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5.1.8.8 Close the vent valve and low pressure valve on the dewar (figure 5.3). Fit the dewar
to syphon leg adaptor if necessary. Connect the gas supply hose to the dewar adaptor if the dewar
is not self pressurising.

WARNING:

Use only pure (at least 99.9%) helium gas, to pressurise the dewar.

5.1.8.9 Open the dewar syphon flow valve.

NOTE:

The valve is fully open when the two guide pins at the top of the knurled brass nuts are
flush with the top of the stainless threaded body. Approximately 4 turns (clockwise
viewed from above) are needed to fully open the valve from fully closed.

WARNING:

DO NOT open the vacuum valve near the bayonet.

5.1.8.10 Insert the syphon down leg into the dewar neck adaptor and tighten the 'O' ring
clamp so as to make a gas seal through which the syphon leg can slide. Open the
dewar access valve and slowly slide the syphon into the dewar. Gas will begin to
flow through the syphon. Allow the syphon to purge for about 10 seconds, to clear
out any air and then close the dewar syphon flow valve. Push the syphon down until
the end of the syphon is no less than one inch above the bottom of the dewar (to
prevent ice sludge blocking the syphon), unless an extension with sludge inhibitor is
fitted in which case the syphon may be pushed to the bottom of the dewar. Tighten
the 'O' ring clamp to ensure no gas leak. Open the gas supply and set the delivery to
6psi (0.41 bar), or allow the dewar to pressurize to this level.

NOTE:

5 psi is needed in the dewar in order to operate the syphon at sea level and standard
atmospheric pressure. This figure increases by 0.5 psi for every
1000 feet increase in altitude.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 12

NOTE:

Do not allow the pressure in the dewar to exceed the recommended value above by
more than 1 psi. Both excessive and insufficient pressure will reduce transfer efficiency.

5.1.8.11 The system must be fully pressurised (Table 2.1). If this is not the case seek advice
from OXFORD.

5.1.8.12 Check that the smart syphon valve is in the ‘vent’ position. If not, do NOT proceed,
contact Oxford Service for advice.

5.1.8.13 Unplug the end of the cryostat syphon. If there is any gas flow, replace the plug and
contact Oxford Service for advice.

WARNING:

If the checks in 5.1.8.11 and 5.1.8.12 are not strictly adhered to and followed, the
magnet WILL quench if a transfer is attempted.

5.1.8.14 Check the condition/location of the sealing 'O' ring then slightly open the dewar
syphon flow valve and connect the dewar syphon to the Smart syphon and tighten
the securing nut.

NOTE:

Make sure that the dewar half is clean and dry before inserting into the system half. If
this joint is securely made, ice should not form on the coupling during transfer.

5.1.8.15 Open the flow valve on the dewar syphon fully.

NOTE:

With the smart syphon installed there is no need to pre-cool either syphon part.

Gas will flow through the syphons, and will be vented from near the top of the
cryostat syphon into the recovery system until both syphons are cooled to near 4.2
K. At this point the smart syphon valve will operate to let liquid into the cryostat.

NOTE:

Syphon cooling takes about 10 minutes. The syphon is fitted with a visual indication of

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 13

the valve position. Once the transfer starts, the pressure will drop in the dewar and it
will need to be repressurised to maintain the flow.

NOTE:

If, after the vent line from the top of the syphon has become very cold (visible vapour
falling, or liquid oxygen dripping from it - this will be after about 10 minutes under
normal circumstances), the smart valve has not moved to the transfer position, it is
probable that the smart valve has become stuck in the closed position. In this case, the
ring on the top of the syphon may be used to open the smart valve. Apply even pressure
to both sides of the ring, lift the ring to the top of the slot in the housing [about 10mm],
and hold it in place until the spring force on it reduces. The helium is now flowing into
the magnet, and will keep the syphon cold and the valve open [Transfer]. At the end of
the transfer, the valve should move to the closed [Vent] position.

WARNING:

Do not manually move the valve unless the syphon has had adequate time to cool. If the
valve is moved before the syphon is cold the magnet will quench. Ensure that there is
liquid helium in the delivery dewar. Manual operation of the lifter if the dewar is empty
is very likely to quench the magnet.

NOTE:

If the helium transfer takes a long time, and specifically if a number of small dewars
have to be used, the top housing of the syphon can become iced. This ice can stop the
manual lifter moving, and thereby prevent the smart valve operating. In these
circumstances the top housing should be warmed to keep if free of ice. Do not use
excessive heat.

5.1.8.16 Switch on the helium level meter to monitor the helium level intermittently. Do not let
the meter read continuously, or the heat load will reduce efficiency. Record the initial
level in a log book. An increase in helium level should occur within 15 minutes of the
bypass valve closing. If not, stop the transfer and investigate the reason for poor
transfer.

NOTE:

The helium transfer must not be left unattended.

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5.1.8.17 If frost or condensation form on the body of the syphons, stop the transfer
immediately and contact Oxford Service Department. Some frosting at the bayonet
coupling is normal.

5.1.8.18 Connect a hose to the vent-down connection on the dewar so that the dewar can be
depressurised into the recovery line or into atmosphere outside the imaging suite.

5.1.8.19 As soon as the helium level meter registers 100%, or the supply dewar empties
(dewar pressure drop noted), switch off the level meter and stop the transfer by
closing the dewar syphon flow valve. If the dewar is empty, refer to section 5.1.9.

5.1.8.20 Turn off the gas supply and vent the dewar down to atmospheric pressure. Close
the dewar valve after venting down and open the low pressure relief valve. Wait
until the smart syphon valve has returned to the "vent" position (1 to 2 minutes).

NOTE:

If the smart syphon valve does not return to the "vent" position, it is probable that the
valve has become stuck in the open position. In this case, the ring on the top of the
syphon may be used to close the smart valve.

5.1.8.21 Stand clear of the syphon joint and disconnect the two syphons. TAKE CARE!
There will be high pressure in the system and as soon as the syphons are
disconnected cold gas might exhaust from the cryostat syphon. Wipe away any
moisture from the end of the cryostat syphon and re-plug without delay.

NOTE:

Ensure that the magnet half syphon is capped immediately. Air entering the magnet half
syphon will freeze in the valve mechanism and prevent it operating.

5.1.8.22 Take the dewar and its syphon out of the magnet room.

5.1.8.23 Some pressure might have built up in the dewar. Open the dewar vent valve and
ensure that the dewar is depressurised. Close the dewar vent valve. Remove the
syphon from the dewar and immediately close the neck access valve on the dewar.
Open the dewar pressure relief valve for transportation. Warm the dewar syphon
and carefully store it in a dry place.

NOTE:

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 15

The syphon is a delicate piece of equipment. Handle it with care at all times.

5.1.8.24 Record in a log book the amount of liquid transferred.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 16

5.1.9 CHANGING SUPPLY DEWARS

5.1.9.1 If the supply dewar empties before the magnet is filled, it will be necessary to
replace the supply dewar with a full one. Care will be necessary during this
operation to ensure that efficiency is maintained and the dewar syphon is not iced.

5.1.9.2 When the dewar empties (pressure drop noted), stop the transfer immediately.

5.1.9.3 Turn off the gas supply (if used) and vent the storage dewar down to atmospheric
pressure. Close the dewar valve after venting down and open the low pressure relief
valve.

Wait until the smart syphon valve has returned to the ‘vent’ position (1 to 2
minutes).

NOTE:

If the smart syphon valve does not return to the "vent" position, it is probable that the
valve has become stuck in the open position. In this case, the ring on the top of the
syphon may be used to close the smart valve.

5.1.9.4 Check the condition/location of the 'O' ring in the end cap. Stand clear of the
syphon joint and disconnect the two syphons. TAKE CARE! As soon as the
dewar syphon is disconnected cold gas might exhaust from the cryostat syphon.
Wipe away any moisture from the end of the cryostat syphon with a clean, lint free
cloth or paper. Cap the open end of the syphon immediately.

NOTE:

Dewars often have frozen gases (sludge) at their bottom, and this can be transferred into
the smart syphon valve. Ensure that the dewar change is completed quickly so that the
sludge in the smart valve does not have time to melt. If it does melt, it will re-freeze on
the continuring the transfer, and could sieze the smart valve.

NOTE:

Ensure that the magnet half syphon is capped immediately. If air enters the magnet half
syphon it will freeze in the valve mechanism and prevent operation of the valve at the
start of the next transfer.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 17

5.1.9.5 Take the dewar and its syphon out of the magnet room.

5.1.9.6 Ensure that the full dewar is to hand and is depressurised and ready to receive the
syphon (vent valve and low pressure relief valves closed).

5.1.9.7 Some pressure might have built up in the dewar. Open the dewar vent valve and
ensure that the dewar is depressurised. Close the dewar vent valve.

5.1.9.8 Remove the syphon from the empty dewar and immediately put it into the full dewar.
If necessary, transfer the dewar adaptor with the syphon. If a different adaptor is
used, the gas hose (if required) must previously have been changed to the full dewar.
As the syphon is entered into the dewar, wipe off the frost from the surface of the
down leg.

NOTE:

This exchange operation must be done quickly so as to avoid icing the dewar syphon.
The syphon may be pushed down into the dewar more quickly than when it was fully hot,
as there will not be so much liquid boiled off.

5.1.9.9 Move the dewar near to the magnet so that the dewar syphon will reach the cryostat
syphon without excessive bending, and set the dewar pressure as needed.

5.1.9.10 Now follow the procedure detailed from 5.1.7.9 (Static) or 5.1.8.9 (Mobile), but
when engaging the bayonet (5.1.7.11 or 5.1.8.12), ensure that all frost is removed
from the end of the dewar half.

5.1.10 AFTER TRANSFER

5.1.10.1 For correct and safe operation of the magnet it is necessary that air does not leak
into the helium vessel or neck. For this reason, the seals on the turret must be gas
tight.

5.1.10.2 After the transfer is finished, a hot air gun should be used to warm the turret to
ambient temperature. Paper towels should be used to remove excess water.

5.1.10.3 When the turret is warmed and the system has begun to pressurize, the turret seals
and the syphon end cap seal must be checked using a leak detection fluid and/or a
leak detector gun to ensure there are no leaks. See leak check procedure section
5.9.

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Figure 5.1 - Helium Syphon – Dewar

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 19

Figure 5.2 - Smart Helium Syphon

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 20

Figure 5.3 - Typical Helium Dewar Configuration

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 21

5.2 FITTING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT LEAD (HDCL)

WARNING:

Cryogenic safety procedures must be followed during the following operations.

5.2.1 Before fitting the HDCL ensure that the magnet has been depressurised (section
5.7).

WARNING:

The magnet vessel must be depressurised before attempting to insert the HDCL. The
system may be under high pressure, and opening of ports without first depressurising
could result in personal injury.

5.2.2 Remove all the protective plastic covers from the HDCL. Ensure connector bands are
located correctly and are completely dry.

5.2.3 Connect the MPSU cables to the MPSU and to the lower connector on the OVC. Ensure
that the connection is properly made, and lock the lever with the nut provided.

5.2.4 Connect the HDCL fly leads to the upper connector on the OVC (figure 5.4). Ensure that
the connection is properly made, and lock the lever with the nut provided.

WARNING:

Failure to correctly lock the current lead cables into the connectors might result in
personal injury and in damage to the magnet, HDCL, connectors, and MPSU.

5.2.5 Connect the volt sense leads to the MPSU.

NOTE:

The top of the HDCL will get cold. Gloves should be worn.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 22

WARNING:

Ensure that the bypass valve is closed after de -pressurisation. Failure to do so could
quench the magnet if the HDCL is not cooled properly.

5.2.6 With the HDCL at hand, carefully undo the ring nut on the DCL port, but leave the baffle set
in place. Slide the ring nut, brass compression ring and ‘O’ ring onto the HDCL (figure
5.6).

5.2.7 Ensure that the HDCL vent is not capped. Remove the baffle set from the current lead port.
Remove the copper gasket (figure 5.5). Close the bypass valve.

5.2.9 Before the gas flow subsides, insert the HDCL into the port. Care must be taken to cool the
HDCL before engaging it with the magnet connector. The HDCL may be inserted fairly
quickly until half of its length is in the neck. At this point the HDCL must be held in position
to pre-cool for 2 minutes.

NOTE:

If a strong resistance is felt, a large amount of solid air might be present. If anything
but minimal force is needed to push the HDCL home, withdraw the HDCL and check
that the connector bands are still located correctly. If not, relocate, dry and re -insert the
HDCL. If this is not the problem, ice could be preventing insertion. Contact Oxford
Service. Do not attempt to de -ice the system by blowing warm gas into the turret.

CAUTION:

Do not attempt to force anything down the port to dislodge the blockage as this will only
result in the solidified air dropping into the socket, which is more difficult to clear
because it is in the helium reservoir.

NOTE:

If the HDCL is inserted too quickly the magnet could quench. If the HDCL vent is not
open, the magnet might quench because the HDCL will not be fully cooled.

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Figure 5.4 - HDCL Cable Connection

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 24

5.2.9 Thereafter, the HDCL must be lowered over another 2 minutes. This is to ensure that the
boil-off gas has time to cool the lead connector before it engages with the magnet connector.
Failure to do this will result in excessive boil-off and might cause a magnet to quench if it is
at field.

5.2.10 Ensure that the ‘O’ ring and the brass compression ring are seated correctly.

5.2.11 Engage the HDCL with the connector on the magnet and secure it by screwing down the
knurled ring nut by hand. There is no need to use the ‘C’ spanner.

5.2.12 Reconnect the HDCL venting as shown in figure 2.6. Note that the cryostat will continue to
be venting through the HDCL and will not pressurise until the HDCL is removed and the
baffle set sealed back in place. Failure to reconnect the venting may cause damage to the
HDCL and the magnet.

CAUTION:

The HDCL must only be left fitted during magnet energisation/de -energisation, and
should be removed immediately following either procedure.

During shimming, when numerous ramps are needed, the HDCL may be left in place.
The vent must NEVER be blanked with the magnet at field.

5.2.13 De-pressurising the system will have resulted in the quench valve becoming extremely cold.
Ensure that the quench valve is completely defrosted prior to starting a ramp.

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Figure 5.5 - Baffle Plug Seal Configuration

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Figure 5.6 - Current Lead Seal Configuration

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 27

5.3. REMOVING THE DEMOUNTABLE CURRENT LEAD (HDCL)

5.3.1 SAFETY CHECKS

Before removing the HDCL or disconnecting the magnet leads, it is essential to first check that no
current is flowing in the magnet leads and shorting contactor circuit by carrying out the following
procedure:

5.3.1.1 Ensure that circuit breaker F5 on the CCA and the rocker switch on the rear on the
MPS are on (the lamp on the ON button is illuminated green).

5.3.1.2 Check if the red LED marked "current in leads" is lit to ensure that current remains
in the magnet leads.

(If it is flashing, hazardous currents may be present and the procedure in section 5.6
"Mains Failure During Magnet Ramping" must be carried out).

WARNING:

Removal of the HDCL or disconnection of the magnet power supply output leads if the
yellow LED D9 is flashing MUST NOT be attempted, or damage will result with a
possible risk to personnel safety. The magnet power supply must be used to fully
discharge the magnet leads by following the procedure described in section 5.6.

5.3.1.3 Switch off circuit breaker F5 and rocker switch on the rear of the MPS.

WARNING:

Under no circumstances should the HDCL be removed or disconnected during a mains


supply failure, as there will be no warning of hazardous currents.

WARNING:

The MPSU must remain fully connected to the HDCL until after the HDCL has been
removed.

The magnet operator must be present in clear view of the magnet power supply front
panel at all times during any magnet ramping operation to monitor the actual magnet
current and report any conditions of failure.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 28

5.3.2 REMOVAL PROCEDURE

5.3.2.1 Remove any water/ice build-up from around the current-lead entry port using a
'hot-air gun' and paper tissues. Ensure that the HDCL cables are warmed up to
ambient temperature.

WARNING:

The HDCL cable insulation becomes brittle when cold. It might break if the cable is
moved without warming the leads first.

NOTE:

The following operation will result in very cold gas being emitted from the entry port -
the wearing of cryogenic gloves is essential. Ensure that the required parts/tools are to
hand - in particular the HDCL baffle set and new copper seal (lightly greased). Certain
operations must be done quickly. Ensure that the system is open for the least amount of
time.

5.3.2.2 Disconnect the HDCL vent line from the port on the HDCL (figure 2.6) and blank
its open end. The vent line is left connected to the quench valve port.

5.3.2.3 Warm up and undo the ring nut, while holding the HDCL in place. Pull the HDCL
out quickly to prevent air entering the helium reservoir. Plug the DCL port with the
DCL baffle set and new copper seal loosely fitted. Ensure the seal is engaged
properly.

5.3.2.4 Remove the DCL ring nut, brass compression ring and `O' ring from the HDCL and
place the ring nut to one side. Slide the compression ring followed by the `O' ring
onto the HDCL to prevent them from becoming lost. Carefully put the HDCL
aside.

5.3.2.5 If necessary warm up the threads on the HDCL port and ring nut. Be careful not to
blow air into the system. Refit the ring nut and tighten using the `C' spanner
provided. The ring nut must be fairly tight but do not use excessive force as this is
not necessary (figure 5.5).

5.3.2.6 The system should start to re-pressurise if the level probe is energised (section 5.8).
Failure to do so may indicate a leak on the turret. Check for leaks (section 5.9). If
a leak on the DCL port is suspected, remove the ring nut and check the condition of
the copper seal to ensure that it was located correctly and shows an even witness
ring on both sides where the knife edges bite into it. If the knife edges are damaged
contact Oxford Service, otherwise re-make the seal using extra care and using a
new copper gasket.
NOTE:

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 29

Do not remove the DCL baffle set if the system pressure is sub - atmospheric. - Section
5.8

5.3.2.7 Disconnect the magnet leads from the MPSU and close the cabinet doors. These
leads should only be connected to the MPSU when the service operation of magnet
ramping is to be performed, at which time the EMC requirements of EN55011 may
not be met in full. During normal rack operation they should be disconnected and
the doors closed.

5.3.2.8 Unlock and release the connections to the upper and lower connectors. Warm and
dry the HDCL, replace it with the 1/3 psi and vent line in the transport cases.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 30

5.4 RAMPING UP THE MAGNET

WARNING:

Ensure that the helium volume is greater than the 30% minimum helium level before
ramping the magnet.

WARNING:

The MPSU must remain fully connected to the HDCL during removal of the lead if the
magnet is energised. Also when inserting the lead with the magnet at field.

WARNING:

The HDCL must be venting before commencing the ramp, indicated by vent line
frosting.
The quench valve must be completely defrosted prior to ramping. The HDCL may be
left venting through the 1/3 psi valve if further ramping is needed. Otherwise remove
the HDCL (section 5.3). The HDCL vent MUST NOT be blanked with the magnet at
field.

WARNING:

During ramp, check that the vent valves do not become frosted. If they do, this indicates
gas flow, which should be directed through the current lead. If the valves do become
frosted, the magnet might quench, stop the ramp and contact Oxford Service.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 31

5.4.1 SETTING THE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE VALUES

5.4.1.1 Undo the screws from the control panel (1).

Control Panel
5.4.1.2 Swivel the control panel to the side.
5.4.1.3 Set the actual values (refer to acceptance document) at the thumb wheel
switches.

Note: I DEMAND = magnet operating current.

I TRIP should be set to maximum over field current (= operating current x 1.05
refer to the acceptance document)

V DEMAND refer to the magnet acceptance document (normally 9.0 V)

5.4.1.4 Close the panel and re-tighten the screws.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 32

5.4.2 SWITCHING ON THE MAGNET ELECTRONICS

5.4.2.1 The magnet electronics must have been fully installed and set up as detailed in the
Magnet Power Supply Manual.

5.4.2.2 The HDCL must be connected ( section 5.2).

5.4.2.3 Press swtich S1 to turn the system on (the green lamp in S1 should illuminate).

5.4.2.4 Switch on circuit breaker F5.

5.4.2.6 Press the "ON" button on the control panel.

- LED in ON button -> "ON".

- LEDs in Run to Field and Run to Zero buttons flash alternately.

5.4.3 RAMPING UP THE MAGNET

5.4.3.1 Press the Run to Field button.

- Run to Field button -> "ON".

- LED Self Test -> "ON".

5.4.3.2 The self test of the magnet electronics is in progress.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 33

5.4.3.3 After the self test has been completed:

- LED Self Test -> "OFF"

- LED Active -> "ON"

The magnet will ramp up to the current value selected.

After the magnet is ramped up, the magnet ramping cables


discharge automatically.

LED Cycle complete-> "ON".

5.4.3.4 Press the "OFF" button.

WARNING:

In the event of a mains failure during magnet ramping, the procedure in section 5.6 must
be followed.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 34

5.4.4 RAMP THE MAGNETIC FIELD UP TO THE REQUIRED FIELD


STRENGTH.

5.4.4.1 Read and record the field strength value indicated on the Gauss meter.

5.4.4.2 Calculate new current value .

Formula: new current [A] = required field strength [T]x actual current value[A]
actual field strength read [T]

5.4.4.3 Set the new current at the control panel. The HDCL must be connected (section
5.2).

5.4.4.4 Press the "ON" button on the control panel.

- LED in ON button -> "ON".

- LEDs in Run to Field and Run to Zero buttons flash alternately.

5.4.4.5 Press "Run to Field" button.

- LED in Run to Field button -> "ON".

- LED Self Test -> "ON".

5.4.4.6 The self test of the magnet electronics is in progress.

5.4.4.7 After the self test has been completed:

- LED Self Test -> "OFF"

- LED Active -> "ON"

The magnet will ramp up to the current value selected.

After the magnet is ramped up, the magnet ramping cables discharge automatically.

LED Cycle complete -> "ON".

5.4.4.8 Press the "OFF" button.

5.4.4.9 Switch off the toggle switch on the front of the MPS and switch off the rocker
switch on the rear of the MPS.

5.4.4.10 Switch off circuit breaker F5.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 35

5.5 RAMPING DOWN THE MAGNET

WARNING:

The quench valve must be completely defrosted prior to ramping.


The HDCL may be left removed immediately after ramping.
The HDCL vent MUST NOT be blanked with the magnet at field.

5.5.1 The DCL must be connected (section 5.2).

5.5.2 Press switch S1 to turn the system on (the green lamp in S1 should illuminate).

5.5.3 Switch on circuit breaker F5.

5.5.4 Press the "ON" button.

- LED in the ON button -> "ON"

- LEDs in Run to Field and Run to Zero buttons flash alternately.

5.5.5 Press the "Run to Zero" button.

- LED Self Test -> "ON"

Note: The magnet electronics self test also runs when ramping down the magnet.

After the self test has been completed:

- LED Self Test -> "OFF"

- LED Active -> "ON"

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 36

After the magnet has been ramped down: (wait for approximately 5 min.)

- LED Active -> "OFF"

- LED Cycle Complete -> "ON"

5.5.6 Press the OFF button.

5.5.7 Switch off contact breaker F5.

WARNING:

In the event of a mains failure during magnet ramping, the procedure in section 5.6 must
be followed.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 37

5.6 MAINS FAILURE DURING MAGNET RAMPING

WARNING:

The MPSU must remain fully connected to the HDCL during and following a mains
failure, as potentially hazardous currents might exist in the magnet, magnet leads and
shorting contactor without indication. No action should be taken until the mains supply
has returned and the following procedure carried out.

A mains failure during magnet ramping up or down will cause the magnet power supply to trip out of
RUN mode, closing the output shorting contactor. The magnet current will then slowly run down
through the magnet leads and shorting contactor.

NOTE:

After a power failure, there is NO indication on the power supply until mains power is
restored.

On the return of mains power, or after a momentary failure, the yellow LED D9 (on assy D11) will
flash as a warning if current remains circulating in the magnet, magnet leads and shorting contactor
circuit.

5.6.1. Press S1 and confirm that mains power has returned on (the green lamp in S1 should be
illuminated).

5.6.2 Check that the magnet power supply has powered up into the OFF state by checking that
the LED in the ON button on the control panel is extinguished.

5.6.3 Check if yellow LED D9 (on assy D11) is flashing to warn that current remains in the
magnet leads.

If it is NOT flashing, it is safe to switch off circuit breaker F5 and proceed with removal of
the HDCL.

If it IS flashing, continue with the following steps:

5.6.4 Press the ON button on the magnet power supply control panel.

5.6.5 The operator must then select Run to Zero or Run to Field to recommence ramping under
magnet power supply control.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 38

5.6.6 Wait until the Cycle Complete green LED on the control panel illuminates, then press the
OFF button on the control panel.

5.6.7 Check that yellow LED D9 is not flashing.

5.6.8 Switch off circuit breaker F5.

It is now safe to remove the HDCL and disconnect the magnet leads (follow the procedure
in section 5.3).

WARNING:

The MPSU must remain fully connected to the HDCL until after the HDCL has been
removed. The DCL vent port must not be blanked.

WARNING:

The magnet operator must be present in clear view of the magnet power supply control
panel at all times during magnet ramping to monitor and report any conditions or failure.

WARNING:

A power failure of duration exceeding 0.5 seconds will result in any temporary fault
indications being cancelled on power up.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 39

5.7 DEPRESSURISATION OF THE HELIUM VESSEL

5.7.1 SAFETY

WARNING:

Do not work on the cryostat nor undo any of the fittings without first depressurising the
helium vessel. To do so would be extremely dangerous.

5.7.1.1 The helium vessel can be at high pressure - Table 2.1.

5.7.1.2 Great care should be taken before depressurising the helium vessel. Ensure that
protective clothing, goggles and gloves are worn. Also check that the area is well
ventilated.

5.7.1.3 The smart syphon contains a temperature operated valve which will not open until
the syphon is cooled to the region of 4.2 K. It is not possible therefore to use the
syphon for depressurisation.

5.7.1.4 Depressurisation is carried out via a tube and ball valve which bypasses the two vent
valve assemblies underneath the quench valve.

5.7.2 DEPRESSURISING

NOTE:

If the pressure gauge reads negative, refer to section 5.8.

5.7.2.1 Before opening up any of the turret ports the pressure gauge must be showing a
indication in the yellow or green sector.

5.7.2.2 If the compound system pressure gauge is showing an indication in the red sector
then positive pressure must be generated by energising the level probe as described
in section 5.8 before proceeding to step 5.7.2.3.

5.7.2 3 Open the depressurisation valve. Helium gas will flow through the vent line and into
the venting system. The line will cool until it is very cold.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 40

WARNING:

Do not vent the system into the imaging suite or any other closed room. Do not touch
the cold parts with bare hands.

Smoking and naked lights are forbidden.

5.7.2.4 Allow the system to depressurise until the venting system is completely thawed and
the gauge reads 0 psi. The system is now at atmospheric pressure, and may be
opened.

WARNING:

The only operation permitted on the magnet, with the system at field, is insertion of the
HDCL to adjust or de-energise the magnetic field.

WARNING:

Do not leave the system depressurised for more than the minimum necessary time, in
order to avoid icing in the neck.

5.7.2.6 As soon as operations on the turret are finished, close the depressurisation valve and
lock the handle with the special bracket fitted. The system will now re-pressurise to
as per Table 2.1. Check for leaks as per the procedure in section 5.9.

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830-185-07 Section 5 5 - 41

5.8 ENERGISING THE HELIUM LEVEL PROBE

Restoring system pressure quickly after opening the turret port(s) during service operations can be
accomplished by energising the helium level probe. It is also an essential pre-requisite that prior to
any operations where it is necessary to open any of the turret ports (eg. insertion/removal of
HDCL), that there is positive pressure in the system. The system should be pressurised by following
the procedure below.

5.8.1 Press in the level indicator button on the level monitor and hold it down. Pressure should
slowly start to rise within a few minutes.

5.8.2 The level probe button can be released when sufficient pressure has been reached. This
should be at least 0.3 psi (on the compound gauge this corresponds to the pointer being in
the yellow sector and closer to the green than the red sector). When the system has
re-pressurised, de-pressurisation for insertion/removal of the HDCL etc. can be carried out
if necessary.

NOTE:

If the pressure has not started to rise after a period of 30 minutes it is possible that
there is a leak on one or more of the turret seals or that the quench valve bursting
disc/poppet seal is broken. Check accessible seals with a leak detector gun (section
5.9). Otherwise assume a broken bursting disc and proceed as pe r section 7.4.

5.9 VENTING LEAK DETECTION

5.9.1 A helium sniffer gun should be used to search for leaks around all of the joints on the service
turret. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for correct use of the sniffer gun.

Care may be needed if the magnet is at field if the sniffer gun contains magnetic parts.

5.9.2 The leak rate should not exceed 1 x 10 -4 mbar-l/sec.

5.9.3 Where leaks are detected either replace seals or tighten ring nuts as necessary.

5.9.4 If the system pressure is zero but there is no apparent leak, check the quench valve integrity
as per section 7.5.

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830-185-07 Section 6 6-1

6. PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
6.3 LIQUID HELIUM BOIL-OFF RATE
6.4 HELIUM VESSEL PRESSURE
6.5 COMPRESSOR PRESSURE
6.6 SERVICE TURRET ICE
6.7 PERFORMANCE LOG
6.8 CORRECT USE OF 'O' RINGS

WARNING:

Read the safety information and instructions at the front of this handbook before
attempting to carry out any maintenance on the equipment.

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830-185-07 Section 6 6-2

6.1 INTRODUCTION

The Oxford Active Shielded system cryostat needs very little routine maintenance. The magnet itself
needs no maintenance, and is not field repairable. In the event of problems with the magnet contact
Oxford Service personnel. Preventive maintenance is therefore limited to the small number of routine
actions which need to be taken on the cryostat.

NOTE:

Servicing may only be carried out by Oxford Magnet Technology or its authorised
agents. There are no user replaceable parts.

The most sensitive indicator of a fault developing within the cryostat is a change in the rate of boil-off
of helium. It is therefore essential to monitor on a regular basis the boil-off rate of helium by noting
the weekly changes in the liquid level. It is generally unnecessary to inspect or replace 'O' ring seals
unless a fault exists.

6.2 EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS

6.2.1 The following equipment and materials are required:

- Non-magnetic dewar containing 500 litres of liquid helium.

- Helium transfer syphon.

- Appropriate fittings and adaptors for making connections to the dewars, the cryostat and
other equipment.

- Protective clothing.

- A hand held leak detector gun capable of leak <1 x 10-4 mbar-l/sec for detecting helium gas
leaks.

- Torque wrench capable of reading a torque of 5 Nm.

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830-185-07 Section 6 6-3

6.3 LIQUID HELIUM BOIL-OFF RATE

The liquid helium boil-off rate should be checked weekly by noting the reading on the level meter.
Switch the meter off as soon as the check has been made to reduce the consumption of
helium.

Record the level in the performance log and compare with previous values. A slowly increasing
boil-off rate could indicate a small leak into the vacuum space. A consistently increasing boil-off rate
indicates that helium gas is entering the vacuum space. Increasing ice formation on the outside of the
service turret would indicate a high boil-off.

If the level meter appears to be reading incorrectly, or cannot be calibrated, ice might have formed
in the level probe. In this event contact Oxford Service for advice.

Note: Boil-off can vary due to atmospheric pressure conditions and Gradient pulsing.

6.4 HELIUM VESSEL PRESSURE

It is very important to check the pressure reading indicated on the magnet venting pressure gauge. If
zero pressure is indicated or if the pointer is in the red sector, the venting should be inspected for a
leak (section 5.9). This must be checked weekly as a minimum.

The expected pressure range is given in Table 2.1.

6.5 COMPRESSOR PRESSURE

Record the refrigeration compressor pressure and check that it is stable from week to week. If a
drop of more than 2 bar is seen, contact Oxford Service. However it should be noted that the low
gas volumes in the compressor/cold head mean that the pressure is significantly affected by the
ambient temperature. The quoted nominal fill pressures are all based on an ambient temperature of
200C, but any deviation from this can produce large variations.

This potentially large deviation should be remembered when investigating any sudden reduction in
pressure which could also be interpreted as a gas leak in the system. Also if it is anticipated that the
ambient temperature will rise above 200 C the pressure should be adjusted accordingly to ensure that
the recommended pressures are maintained and the maximum pressure is not exceeded.

Note: Incidents of corrosion have been reported involving the brass nut fitting used on Leybold
compressor units. This corrosion has been attributed to surface contamination by some commercial
cleaning products.
It is advised that no cleaning products be used either directly or near the compressor unit.
Accidental contamination can be avoided by ensuring the cabinet door is fully closed during routine
cleaning operations.

If, during normal operation or routine servicing, evidence of nuts cracking becomes visible, contact
the local OXFORD Service Dep. who will advise on an appropriate course of action.

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830-185-07 Section 6 6-4

6.6 SERVICE TURRET ICE

Air leaks into the helium vessel will form blockages of solidified air in the neck tube. Large amounts
can block the tube and cause very dangerous pressure build up, with the potential to rupture the
helium vessel.

For this reason it is important to check, when the helium vessel is being filled, that all fittings are
secure and air-tight. After a helium fill the fittings will be frosted. They should be immediately
warmed up and re-tightened as necessary. If a leak is found or icing suspected contact Oxford
Service.

6.7 PERFORMANCE LOG

It is essential to keep a record of all helium top-up operations and of any other events such as
running a different current into the magnet. Failure to do this may hide a slowly developing fault and
may hinder correct diagnosis of a fault should one arise.

A refrigerator performance log book is supplied with each magnet and should be kept up to date.

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830-185-07 Section 6 6-5

6.8 CORRECT USE OF 'O' RINGS

The excessive use of silicone grease on 'O' ring seals which may be required to operate at low
temperature (<70 K), will seriously impair the useful life of the 'O' ring.

The following procedure should be used when inspecting or exchanging 'O' rings. All operations to
replace 'O' rings should be undertaken with the components at room temperature.

6.8.1 Remove the 'O' ring from the 'O' ring groove. If the ring is permanently deformed,
non-flexible, or the surface shows signs of surface damage it should be replaced.

6.8.2 The 'O' ring groove should be degreased. The 'O' ring itself should be wiped clean with a lint
free cloth. Under no circumstances should the 'O' ring be subjected to a de-greasing agent.

6.8.3 Before refitting, the ring should be very lightly greased using high vacuum grease. The
quantity of grease should only be sufficient to give the elastomer a sheen. The function of the
grease is to provide lubrication and help the ring slip in the groove. Grease should not be
used to try and overcome surface imperfections or pack the groove. At low temperature
over use of grease leads to failure of the 'O' ring.

6.8.4 Replace the component, taking care not to damage the 'O' ring surface finish in the process.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-1

7. INSPECTION AND CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE

7.1 INSPECTION
7.2 HIGH HELIUM BOIL-OFF
7.3 MAGNET QUENCH
7.4 PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF THE QUENCH
VALVE BURST DISC FOR THE HELIUM VENTING SYSTEM
7.5 TURRET/VALVE SEALS INTEGRITY

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-2

7.1 INSPECTION

The magnet is not field repairable - do not attempt to service.

All input and output cables are to be visually examined for damage. Ensure cables are not coiled or
tangled. Check all lead connections are secure.

7.1.1 GROUNDING CONTINUITY TESTS

Each MPSU that has a power-supply cord with a grounding conductor shall be tested, before the
system has been operated, to determine that electrical continuity exists between the grounding blade
of the attachment plug and accessible dead-metal parts of the power supply.

7.1.2 LEAKAGE CURRENT TEST

All exposed conductive surfaces are to be tested for leakage currents. The leakage currents from
these surfaces are to be measured to the grounded supply conductor individually, as well as
collectively if simultaneously accessible, and shall not be more than 0.5 mA for an MPSU.

7.2 HIGH HELIUM BOIL-OFF

7.2.1. Possible cause - Vacuum leak.

CAUTION:

If a vacuum leak is suspected contact Oxford Service Department as soon as possible.

7.2.2 Possible cause - Low helium level.

7.2.2.1 Refill as soon as possible.

7.2.3 Possible cause - Refrigerator not working correctly.

7.2.3.1 Check that the compressor is still running and that the gas pressure is correct (21 to
23 bar high pressure).

7.2.3.2 If the compressor pressure is low contact Oxford Service to replenish the gas
charge (99.999% helium only to be used).

7.2.3.3 If the compressor is not running and its gas pressure is below normal (13 to 15 bar)
contact Oxford Service to replenish the gas charge before restarting.

7.2.3.4 If the compressor is not running, and its gas pressure is normal, check that the mains

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-3

supply to the compressor is present and correct.

7.2.3.5 Check that the water supply (if needed) to the compressor is flowing at an adequate
rate, and that the inlet temperature is suitable.

7.2.3.6 Switch off the compressor.

7.2.3.7 Check that the compressor system cut-outs are reset.

7.2.3.8 Switch on the compressor. If the compressor does not start contact Oxford Service.
If the compressor runs for a short period and then cuts out contact Oxford Service.
If the compressor continues to run, allow the system to re-cool and check that the
system boil-off comes within specification.

7.2.3.9 If, after a suitable period with the compressor running at the correct pressures, the
system boil-off does not come within specification, contact Oxford Service.

7.2.4 Possible cause - helium gas leak on turret/syphon, faulty vent valve or leak through
quench valve/ bursting disc.

7.2.4.1 See section 7.5, for checking the integrity of the quench valve seals and bursting
disc.

7.3 MAGNET QUENCH

CAUTION:

In the event of a quench the following procedure must be followed to ensure the safety
characteristics of the system are met. DISCONNECT THE MAGNET POWER
SUPPLY FROM THE MAINS SUPPLY BEFORE FURTHER ACTION.

7.3.1 Should the magnet be deliberately (via the ERDU) or accidentally quenched a large volume
of helium gas will be generated within the helium reservoir. The quench valve will open and
stay open until the flow subsides. The valve will then re-seat, resealing the venting and thus
preventing any air from being sucked back into the helium vessel caused by cryo-pumping.

WARNING:

Air entering the helium reservoir will freeze in the neck tube preventing access to the
services at the magnet terminal plate and restricting the boil-off of the remaining helium.

7.3.2 The quench valve (figure 7.1) incorporates a 15 psi bursting disc, housed in the middle of
the poppet. In normal valve operation the disc should remain intact. The integrity of the disc
must be checked however in case the valve has malfunctioned.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-4

WARNING:

Quench during energisation/de-energisation sequence.

Ensure that the HDCL port is blanked as soon as the quench flow subsides, indicated by
pressure dropping on the gauge and frost melting on the quench line.

7.3.3 Warm up the turret seals with a hot air gun and check for leaks. Rectify any leaks and
energise the level probe (section 5.8) if necessary to minimise air ingress.

NOTE:

Leave the HDCL in-situ if fitted as this will promote boil off and minimise the possibility
of air ingress.

7.3.4 If the pointer on the system gauge is in the yellow or green sector then the disc can be
assumed to be intact. Systems may also go sub-atmospheric for a period after a quench
and a gauge reading in the red sector indicates that the disc is intact.

7.3.5 If the pointer stays on or close to zero a broken disc must be suspected. To check fo r this,
energise the level probe as per section 5.8.

7.3.6 The failure of the system to start to re-pressurise within 30 minutes of energising the probe
indicates the bursting disc is almost certainly broken. Remove the quench valve elbow and
confirm by visual inspection. Replace the bursting disc/poppet seal (section 7.4) if
necessary.

7.3.7 Re-pressurise the system by energising the helium level probe.

7.3.8 Refill the system when helium is available (section 5.1).

7.3.9 Re-pressurise and check for leaks. Energise the level probe (section 5.8) if necessary.
Drain any condensation which has collected in the bottom of the quench valve casing via the
drain plug provided. Ensure that it is refitted afterwards.

7.3.10 Before re-energising the magnet, complete the check list Table 7.1.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-5

WARNING:

If the system quenched whilst it was unattended it is vital to check the bursting disc as
soon as possible, particularly if service personnel do not arrive until some time
afterwards. If the quench has subsided and the burst disc is found to be broken, it must
be assumed that the system is iced. Call Oxford Service.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-6

CHECKLIST - PRIOR TO RAMPING A MAGNET AFTER A QUENCH

YES NO
1. Is the burst disc intact?
2. Is the pointer in green section on gauge?
3 Is the venting system configured correctly (figure 2.6)?
4 Is the helium level equal to or greater than safe operating
level? (section 5.1.2)?
5 Are the cables connected as per section 5.2?
6 Is the quench valve at room temperature and free from
frost?
7 Is the turret at room temperature and free from leaks?
8 Is lead volts check as per Operator's Manual procedure
satisfactory?
9 Can magnet be energised to 10 A?
10 Is the system fully pressurised and venting normally?

Has any condensation (water) present in the quench valve


11 body been drained off?

Do not proceed if there is any tick in the


right hand column and consult Oxford Service

If in doubt, consult Oxford Service before proceeding.

Table 7.1

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-7

7.4 PROCEDURE FOR REMOVAL OF AND REPLACEMENT OF THE


QUENCH VALVE BURST DISC FOR THE HELIUM VENTING SYSTEM

7.4.1 Equipment Required

Torque wrench capable of measuring 0.8Nm.


Replacement 20 psi bursting disc.
Replacement poppet 'O' ring
Replacement fibre gaskets.
Tube vacuum grease + Permabond thread locking compound.

WARNING:

The magnet must be de-energised and depressurised before attempting this procedure.

NOTE:

Any air ingress during this procedure can be minimised by continually energising the
helium level probe (section 5.8).

7.4.2 Ensuring that the venting line down stream of the quench valve is suitably supported,
disconnect the venting elbow (A) (figure 7.1) and remove the PTFE gasket.

7.4.3 Disconnect the venting line (B) from the quench valve body, but leave it connected to the
turret.

7.4.4 Note its orientation then, whilst supporting the quench valve, disconnect the valve from the
turret flange (C), and remove the fibre gasket. The quench valve can now be removed from
the assembly. Note that the turret flange must temporarily be blanked using tissue paper
whilst the quench valve is removed. The following steps should be carried out as swiftly as
possible to minimise air ingress.

7.4.5 The following steps can be performed off the system. Unscrew and remove the two M5
fasteners (D) and carefully extract the spring plate assembly (E) and bursting disc assembly
(F) from the quench valve body. These will come out as one assembly.

7.4.6 Inspect the burst disc assembly, if the burst disc has ruptured or cracked it must be
replaced.

7.4.7 Unscrew and remove the eight M4 fasteners (G) from the burst disc assembly (F). The
broken bursting disc can now be removed and discarded.

CAUTION:

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-8

Only use 20 psi bursting disc recommended by Oxford.

7.4.8 Ensure that the replacement 20 psi bursting disc is fitted into the burst disc assembly the
correct way round, so that the words 'Vent Side', written on the burst disc gasket, are
uppermost (i.e. when the valve is re-assembled the vent side will be facing towards the
spring plate assembly).

7.4.9 Re-assemble the burst disc assembly (F). The eight M4 fasteners and plain washers (G)
should be torqued evenly to 0.8 Nm (do not exceed) and locked with permabond.

7.4.10 Refit the spring plate assembly and burst disc assembly into the quench valve body with the
two M5 fasteners and nordlock washers (D). Torque evenly to 5 Nm (do not exceed).

7.4.11 Before refitting the quench valve assembly to the turret flange apply a thin film of vacuum
grease to the turret flange and mating quench valve flange. Inspect the 'O' ring seal (H) in the
burst disc assembly and the fibre gasket that fits to the turret flange. If either seal appears
damaged in any way they should be replaced prior to refitting the valve (section 6.8). Make
sure that vacuum grease does not come into contact with the sealing surface on the turret or
the bursting disc retainer assembly. Do not apply vacuum grease to the gasket itself.

NOTE:

Remove the tissue paper used to temporarily seal the turret flange, and ensure that the
'O' ring sealing surface is spotlessly clean before refitting the quench valve assembly.

7.4.12 Refit the quench valve assembly to the turret flange (C) using the M8 nuts and nordlocks.
Torque to 10Nm.

7.4.13 Wait for the system to pressurise slightly, then check the integrity of the valve poppet using a
helium sniffer gun. If the leak persists the quench valve should be removed, the turret flange
temporarily sealed, and the burst disc assembly should be disassembled and reassembled
again with particular care being given to sealing faces.

7.4.14 Ensuring that the seals are not damaged reconnect the venting elbow (A) and the venting line
(B) to the quench valve body. Inspect the old fibre gasket and if necessary use a new one
which has been lightly greased with vacuum grease.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7-9

NOTE:

Replace the identification tag of the broken bursting disc, which is fitted to the turret
flange, with the identification tag of the new bursting disc.

7.5 TURRET/VALVE SEALS INTEGRITY

7.5.1 If a broken bursting disc is suspected refer to section 7.3 which covers a separate
procedure for checking and replacing the disc. If the disc is intact check for leaks around
the poppet area with a sniffer gun after first disconnecting the 1/3psi valve assembly from the
quench valve elbow.

7.5.2 Check that all the turret top plate seal joints are leak tight using a leak detector gun.

7.5.3 Check that the 1/3 psi valve assembly is functioning correctly by disconnecting it from the
quench valve flange. If there is zero or lower pressure in the system the valve should be
shut. Any evidence of helium detected with a sniffer gun indicates that the valve is leaking.
Contact Oxford Service.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7 - 10

Figure 7.1 - Quench Valve

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830-185-07 Section 7 7 - 11

APPENDIX 1

SHOCK INDICATORS

Attached to the cryostat are two 'Shock Indicators'. The indicators activate at impacts of 2g and 6g,
hence using these indicators it is possible to determine the degree of impact the cryostat has been
subjected to during transportation.

Please complete the table below and return it to Oxford Magnet Technology - QA Department in
the envelope provided. This information will help us to maintain our shipping procedures to an
acceptable level.

Indicator Type INDICATOR DIRECTION

Horizontal Vertical

2g *Normal / Dislodged * Normal / Dislodged

6g * Normal / Dislodged * Normal / Dislodged

Note: * Delete as necessary.

System Serial Number:...............................................................................................................

Your Name: .................................................................................................................................

Your Company:............................................................................................................................

Thank you.

OMT QA Department.

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830-185-07 Section 7 7 - 12

REVISION CONTROL SHEET

This page provides a record of amendments made to this manual.

Rev No Proc. or Pages Revision Control


Section No Affected Date Reference
01 ALL NEW ?

02 2.6 2-19 13.05.97 EPR A23439


2.6 2-20 " "
5.1 5-2 " "
5.2 5-14 " "
5.3 5-19 " "

03 Figs 2.3/ 2.4/ 3.07.97 EPR A23447


2.5/ 2.6 " "
5.1.2 5-3 " "
5.1.6 5-4 " "
5.3 5-14 " "
5.4 5-23 " "
7.4 7-7 " "

04 2.1.3 2-3 18.07.97 ECD 103542


2.3.1.2 2-8/2-9 " "
Figs. " "
2.3/2.4/2.5/2.7 " "
2.4.1.1 2-12 " "
2.6.1.1 2-18 " "
5.4 2-23 " "
5.7.1.1 5-31 " "
5.7.2.6 5-32 " "
7.5 7-9 " "

05 Various Various 15.12.97 EPR A25921

06 6.5 6-3 10.06.98 EPR A27808


7.4.8 7-8 “ EPR A250 79
1-17

07 1.6.1 1-17 11.08.99 EPR A29859


1.8 1-17 “ ECD 103639
1.9 1-17 “ “
2.10 2-41 “ EPR A30532
3.1.1 3-2 “ EPR A29859
5.1.7.5 5-5 “ EPR A31902
5.1.7.14 5-7 “ “
07 cont. 5.1.8.5 5-10 11.08.99 EPR A31902
5.1.8.15 5-10 “ “

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830-185-07 Section 7 7 - 13

Rev No Proc. or Pages Revision Control


Section No Affected Date Reference
5.1.8.15 5-13 “ ECD 103580
5.1.7.14 5-8 “ “

1st Issue: 04.11.96 Rev No: 07 Rev Date: 11.08.99

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