eye and throat irrition occurred in human volunteenrs exposed to 376 ppm styrene for 1 hour and was

accompanied by increased nasal secretion at exposures of 800ppm for 4 hours.

if exposed to highly concentrated vapour atmosphere is prolonged this may lead to narcosis,
unconsciousness, even coma and unless resuscitated – death.

the use of a quantily of material in an unventilated or confined space may result in increased exposure
and irritating atmosphere developing

before starting consider control of exposure by mechanical ventilation

on the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed that the material may
prduce carcinogenic or mutagenic effect , in repect of the available information, howver, there,
presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment.

limited evidence suggests that repeatd or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative
health efects involving organs or biochemical systems.

limited evidence suggests that repeatd or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative
health efects involving organs or biochemical systems.

there is some evidence that human exposure to the material may result in developmental toxicity

this evidence is based on animal studies where effects have been observed in the absence of marked
maternal toxicity, or at around the same dose levels as other toxic effect but which are not secondary
non-specific consequences of the other toxic effect

exposure to styrene may aggrevate central nervous system disorders, chronic respiratory disease, skin
disease, kidney disease and liver desease.

workers engaged in the manufacture of styrene polymers with exposure to generally 1ppm for 1-36
years had low erythrocyle counts and altered liver enzyme profiles.

occupational styrene exposure causes central and peripheral nervous system effects

it causes a reversible decrease in colour discrimination and in some studies effects on hearing have been
reported.

neuro-optic pathways have been shown to be particulary vulnerable to organic solvent exposure and
studies support the proposition that styrence exposure can induce dose-dependent colour vision loss.

in the fibre-glass reinforced plastics industry visual colour impairment was detected were exposure was
above 4ppm.

studies of effect of styrence on the haematopoietic and immune systems, liver and kidney, in exposed
workers, do not reveal consistent changes.

central nervous system effect of styrence in rats guinea pigs and rabbits have been reported.

chromosamal abnormalities (micronucleii, chromosome gaps or breaks nuclear bridges and

unschedeuled DNA synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes ) have been recorded in workers exposed to
styrene.
death due to cancers among wokers exposed to styrene is statistically unremark.

the dominiant first metabolite of styrene is styrene-7 , 8-epoxide which binds covalently to DNA and
shows activity in various in-vitro and in-vivo assays for genetic effects where it induces dose-related
responses of chromosomal damage at low concentrations.

spontaneous abortion amongst female worker, exposed to syrene, has been reported in some studies

this finding has not been substantiatiated in other studies.

rats given weekly doses of styrene by gavage at 500mg/kg for 102 weeks showed liver, kidney, and
stomach lesions no effects were seen in mice.

reduced weight gain and increased liver and kidney weights occurred in rats receiving 285 or 475
mg/kg/day for 185 days but no effects at 95 mg/kg/day.

chromosomal abnormalities (micronucleii, chromosome gaps or breaks, nuclear bridges and

unscheduled dna synthesis in peripheral lymphocytes) have been recorded in workers exposed to
styrene.

such aberrations however are not always apparent in epidemiological studies and the status of styrene
as a DNA effector is equivocal

death due to cancers among workes exposed to styrene is statistically unremarkable

the doimant first metabolite of styrene is styrene -7, 8- epoxide which binds covalently to DNA and
shows activily in various in-votro and in-vivo assays for genetic effects where it induces dose-related
responses of chromosomal damage at low concentrations.

styrene-7, 8-oxide is detected in the blood of workers exposed to styrene.

FIRTS AID MEASURES

for advice, contact a poisons information centrer or a dotor at once

urgent hospital treament is likely to be needed

if swallowed do not induce vomiting

if vomiting occurs lean patient forward or place on lef side ( head-down position, if possible) to maintain
open airway and prevent aspiration.

observe the patient carefully.

never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness i.e becoming
unconscious

give water to rinse out mouth then provide liquid slowly and as much as casualty can comfortably drink.

transport to hospital or doctor without delay.

EYE

If this product comes in contact with the eyes.

wash out immediately with fresh running water.

ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye moving the eyelids by
occaionally lifling the upper and lower lids.

seek medical attention without delay if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention

removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel.

SKIN

If skin contact occurs

immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear

flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available)

seek medical attention in event of irrtation

INHALED

If fumes or combustion products are inhled remove from contaminated area

lay patient down keep warm and rested

prostheses such as false teeth which may block airway should be removed where possible proir to
initiating first aid procedures.

apply artificial respiration if not breathing preferably with a demand valve resuscitator bag-valve mask
device or pocket

mask as trained perform cpr if necessary.

transport to hospital, or dotor.

advice to doctor

for acute or short term repeated exposures to styrene

Ipecac syrup should be given for ingestions exceeding 3ml (styrene) kg.

for paletients at risk of aspiration because of obtundation, intution should precede lavage

pneumonitis is a significant risk. watch the patient closely in an upright (alert patient) or left lateral
head-down posotion.

obtunded patient to reduce aspiration potential. ellenhorn and barceloux: medical toxicology.

biological exposure index- bei.

These represent the determinants observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker who has been
exposed at the exposure.

......................
non - specific determinant also seen after exposure to other materials.

background levels occur in specimens collected from subjects not exposed.

Fire Fighting Measures

Foam

Dry chemical powder

BCF (where regulations permit)

carbon dioxide

water spay of fog - large fires only.

FIRE FIGHTING.

alert fire brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard

may be violently or explosively reactive.

wear breathing apparalus plus protective gloves.

prevent by any means available spillage from entering drains or water course

if safe swich off electrical equipment until vapour fire hazard removed.

use water delivered as a fine spray to control fire and cool adjacent area.

avoid spraying water onto liquid pools.

do not approach containners susected to be hot.

cool fire exposed containners from path of fire

when any large container (including road and rail tankers) is involved in a fire consider evacuation by
500 metres in all directions.

FIRE/ EXPLOSION HAZARD

liquid and vapour are flammble.

moderate fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame

vapour forms an explosive mixture with air

heating may cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers.

on combustion may emit toxic fumes of carbon monoxide (CO).

combustion products include carbon dioxide (co2) other pyrolysis products typical of burning organic
material.

fire incompatibility
accidental release measures.

spills disposal.

eliminate ignition sources

prevent from entering drains

Contain spillage by any means

absorb with dry agent

stop leak if safe to do so

to clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material use water and detergent

minor spills

remove all ignition sources

clean up all spills immediately

avoid breathing vapours and contact with skin and eyes

control personal contact by using protective equipment

contain and absorb small quantities with vermiculite or other absorbent material

wipe up

collect residues in a flammable waste container

MAJOR SPILLS

clear area of personnel and move upwind

alert fire brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard

may be violently or explosively reactive.

wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves

prevent by any means available spillage from entering drains or water course

no moking naked lights or ignition sources

increase ventilation

stop leak if safe to do so

water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour

contain spill with sand, earth or vermiculite

use only spark - free shovels and explosion proof equipment

collect solid resdues and seal in labelled drums for disposal

wash area and prevent runoff into drains

if contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services.

handling and storage

keep container tightly closed

keep container in a well ventilated place

keep away from food drink and animal feeding stuffs

store in cool dry protected area

restrictions on storage apply

refer to full report

suitable container

packing as supplied by manufacturer

plastic containers may only be used if approved for flammable liquid

check that containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks

storage incompatibility

avoid storage with oxidisers

contamination with polymerisation catalysts peroxides persulfates oxidising agents also strong acids
strong acids strong alkalies will cause polymerisation with exotherm generation of heat

Polymerisation of large quantities may be violent even explosive.

STORAGE REQUIREMENTS

Store in orginal containers in approved flammble liquid storage area

Store away from incompatilble materials in a cool dry well ventilated area.

do not store in pits depressions basements or areas where vapours may be trapped

no smoking naked lights heat or ignition sources

storage areas should be clearly identified well illuminated, clear of obstruction and accessible only to
trained and authorised personnel adequate security must be provided so that unauthoristruction and
accessible only to trained and authorised personnel adequate security must be provided so that
unauthorised personnel do not have access.

store according to applicable regulations for flammable materials for storage tanks containers piping
buidings rooms cabinets allowable quantities and minimum storage distances.

use non-sparking ventilation systems approved explosion proof equipment and intrisically safe electrical
systems
have appropriate extinguishing capability in storage area (e.g. portable fire extinguishers - dry chemical,
foam or carbon dioxide) and flammable gas detectors.

keep adsorbents for leaks and spills readily available.

Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks.

Observe manufacturers storing and handling recommendations. in addition for tank storages (where
appropriate)

store in grounded properly designed and approved vessels and away from incompatible materials.

for bulk storages consider use of floating roof or nitrogen blanketed vessels where venting to
atmosphere is possible, equip storage tank vents with flame arrestors inspect tank vents during winter
conditions for vapour/ ice buid – up.

Storage tanks should be above ground and diked to hold entire contents.

transportation

Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worer and the hazard.
Well – designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be
independent of wokers interactions to provide this high level of protection.

The basic types of engineering controls are

Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk.

Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard “physically” away from the
worker and ventilation that strategically “adds” and “removes” air the work environment. Ventilation
can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must
match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use.

Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure.

For flammable liquids and flammable gases, local exhaust ventilation or a process enclosure ventilation
system may be required.

Ventilation equipment should be explosion – resistant.

Engineering controls:

Local exhaust ventilation recommended.

RESPIRATOR

Type a filter of sufficient capacity (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & 149 : 2001, ANSI Z88 national
equivalent)

EYE

Safety glass with side shields.

Chemical goggles.
Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irrtants. A
written policy document describing the wearing of lens or restrictions on use, should be created for each
workplace or task. This should include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of
chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first – aid personnel should be trained
in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure
begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be
removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation – lens should be removed in a clean environment
only arfer workers have washed hands thoroughly. { CDC NIOSH Current intelligence Bulletin 59}
[AS/NZS 1336 or national equivalent]

HANDS / FEET

Wear chemical protective gloves, eg , PVC

Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, eg , rubber.

OTHER

Overalls

PVC apron

PVC protective suit may be required if exposure severe

Eyewash unit

Ensure there is ready access to a safety shower.

Some plastic personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g, gloves, aprons, overshoes) are not
recommended as they may produce static electricity.

For large scale or continuous use wear tight – weave non – static clothing (no metallic fasteners, cuffs or
pockets) non sparking safety footwear.

10 – STABILITY

Presence of incompatible materials.

Product is considered stable.

Hazardous polymerization will not occur.

For incompatible materials – refer to section 8 – Handling and storage.

11 – TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

TOXICITY AND IRRITATION

REVERSOL P – 9509 – P – 9539NW

Not available refer to individual constituents.

STYRENE
Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS – Register of toxic effects of chemical substance.

TOXICITY IRRITATION

Oral (rat) LD50: 2650 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 500mg – Mild

Intraperitoneal (Rat) LD50 : 898 mg/kg Eye (rabbit) : 100 mg/24h - Moderate

Inhalation (Mouse) LC50: 316 mg/kg Skin (rabbit): 500mg – Mild

Intraperitoneal (Mouse) LD50: 660 mg/kg Eye (rabbit) : 100 mg/24h – Moderate

Intravenous (Mouse) LD50: 90mg/kg

Inhalation (Rabbit) LC: 4000ppm/4h

Inhalation (Rat) LD50: 24000 mg/m3/4h

Inhalation (Human) LCLo: 10000 ppm/30m

The material may cause skin irritation after prolonged or repeated exposure and may produce a contact
dermatitis (nonallergic).

This form of dermatitis is often characterized by skin redness (erythema) and swelling the epidermis.
Histologically there may be WARRING. This Substance has been classified by the IARC as group 2B.
Possibly carcinogenic to humans.

CARCINOGEN

Styrene International Agency for Research on cancer Group 2B

(IARC) – Agents reviewed by the IARC

Monographs

SKIN

Styrene Malaysia Permissible Notes Skin

Exposure limits – Skin

12 – ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste

Ecotoxicity

Ingredient Persistene persistence: Air Bioaccumulation Mobility

REVERSOL P-9509-P9539 Water/Soil

No data No data

Available Available

Styrene LOW LOW LOW MED

13 – DISPOSAL INFORMATION

Eliminate ignition sources

Prevent From entering drains

Contain spillage by any means

Absorb with dry agent

Stop leak if safe to do so

To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use water and detergent.

Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options.

Consult state land waste authority for disposal

Bury or incinerate residue at an approved site

Recycle containers if possible or dispose of in an authorized landfill.

14 – TRANSPORTATION INFORMATION

Shipping class RESIN SOLUTION flammable

Hazard name 3, None

UN/NA number Packing Class 1866

Packing class III

Labels required Flammable liquid

…………………… ………………………..

International Transport regulations

IMO 1866

IMDG page number 3

Air transport IATA

UN/ID number 1866 packing group III

Special provisions A3

Cargo only

Packing Instructions 366 Maximum Qty/Pack 220 L

Passenger and cargo Passenger and Cargo

Packing instructions Y344 Maximum Qty/Pack 60 L

Passenger and cargo limited quantity Passenger and cargo limited quantity
Packing instrutions 355 Maximum Qty/Pack 10 L

Shipping name: RESIN SOLUTION FLAMMABLE

Maritime transport IMDG

IMDG class: 3 IMDG subrisk None

UN number 1866 Packing group III

EMS number F-E, S-E Special provisions 223 955

Limited quantities 5L

Shipping Name: RESIN SOLUTION flammable

15 – REGULATORY INFORMATION

RISK

Risk codes Risk phrases

R10 Flammable

R20/22 Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed

R36/38 Irritating to eyes and skin

R40(3) Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect

R65 Harmful – May cause lung damage if swallowed

SAFETY

Safely codes Safely Phrases

S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray

S24 Avoid contact with skin

S25 Avoid contract with eyes

S36 Wear suitable protective clothing

S37 wear suitable gloves

S39 Wear eye/face protection

S51 use only in well ventilated areas

S09 Keep container in a well ventilated place

S53 Avoid exposure – obtain special instructions before use

S401 To clean the floor and all objects contaminated by this material, use
water and detergent.
 S07 Keep container tightly closed

S13 Keep away from food, drink, and animal feeding stuffs

S26 In case of contact with eyes, rinse with plenty of water and contact
doctor or poisons information centre

S46 If swallowed IMMEDIATELY contact doctor or poisons information

centre (show this container or label)

S60 This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste.

REGULATIONS

Regulations for ingredients

Styrene (CAS: 100- 42-5) is found on the following regulatory lists:

“GESAMP/EHS composite list – GESAMP hazard profiles” “ IMO IBC code chapter 17: summary of
minimum requirements” “IMO MARPOL 73/78 (Annex II) – List of noxious liquid substances carried in
bulk” “ International Agency for research on cancer (IARC) – Agents reviewed by the IARC monographs”
“International air trans port assocication (IATA) dangerous goods regulations – Prohibited list”
“International chemical secretariat (chemsec) REACH SIN list (substitute it now) 1.1” “Internationlnal
fragrance association (IFRA) survey: Transparency list” “Malaysia permissible exposure limits” “sigapore
environmental protection and management act (EPMA) – Air impurities” “Singapore odour thresholds
and irritation concentration of chemicals” “Singapore permissible exposure limits of toxic substances” “
WHO guidelines for drinking water quality – Guideline values for chemicals for chemicals that are of
heath significance in drinking – water.

16 – OTHER INFORMATION

Classification of the preparation and its individual components has drawn on official and authoritative
sources as well as independent review by the chemwacth classification committee using available
literature references.

A list of reference resources used to assist the committee may be found at.
www.chemwatch.net/reference.

The (M) SDS is a hazard communication tool and should be used to assist in the risk assessment. Many
factors determine whether the reported hazard are risks in the workplace or other settings. Risks may
be determined by reference to exposures scenarios. Scale of use frequency of use and current or
available engineering controls must be considered.

This document is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research,
review or criticism, as permitted under the copyright act. No part may be reproduced by any process
without written permission from CHEMWATCH. TEL (+613)95724700.