Chapter 11

Multiple Integals
10.1 Double Integrals
z  f ( x, y)

The volume of the 3-dimensional solid region over

the xy-plane bounded below by R and above by the surface

z  f ( x, y )?
 求曲顶柱体的体积采用 “分割、求和、取极限”的
方法，如下动画演示．

播放
We subdivide D into small rectangles using a network of lines parallel
to the x- and y-axes. The lines divide D into n rectangular pieces,
where the number of such pieces n gets large as the width and height
of each piece gets small. These rectangles form a partition of D.
A small rectangular piece of width z z  f ( x, y )
and height has area.
To form a Riemann sum over D,
we choose a point in the kth
small rectangle, multiply the
value of ƒ at that point by y
o
the area and add together ( i ,i )
the products: x D 

 i
n
Vn   f (i ,i ) i .
i 1
 n
When a limit of the sums Vn   f (i ,i )  i exists,
i 1

giving the same limiting value no matter what choices are made,
then the function ƒ is said to be integrable and the limit is
called the double integral of ƒ over D, written as

 f ( x , y )d
D
n

 f ( x , y )d  lim  f (i ,i ) i .

 0
D i 1
We subdivide D into small
rectangles using a network of y
lines parallel to the x- and y-
axes. d  dxdy D
o x


D
f ( x , y )d   f ( x , y )dxdy
D
11.2 Properties of Double Integral

property１  [ f ( x , y )  g( x , y )]d
D

  f ( x , y )d   g( x , y )d .
D D

Property 2 k is a constant,

 kf ( x, y )d k  f ( x, y )d .
D D
Property 3 ( D  D1  D2 )


D
f ( x , y )d  
D1
f ( x , y )d  
D2
f ( x , y )d .

Property 4  is the area of D    1  d   d .

D D
Property 5 f ( x , y )  g( x , y ),
 f ( x , y )d   g( x , y )d .
D D


D
f ( x , y )d  
D
f ( x , y ) d .
Property 6 Suppose M and m are respectively
maximum and minimum values of function f on D,
m  
D
f ( x , y )d  M

 is the area of D
Property 7 If f(x,y) is continuous on D, then there
exists at least a point ( , ) in D such that

D
f ( x , y )d  f ( , )  

（The Mean Value Theorem for Double Integral）

 2 2
Evaluate I   e( x
2
y )
2
d x y
D : 2  2  1,(0  b  a )
D a b
The area of D is   ab
0  x2  y 2  a2
x2  y 2
1 e  e 0
e ,a2

   e d    e
( x 2  y2 ) a2
,
D
ab   e d  abe
( x 2  y2 ) a2
.
D
  ln( x  y )d 与  [ln( x  y )] d
2
Evaluate
D D
D:is the region of triangle (1,0),(1,1), (2,0).
01 y
(1,1)(2, 0), k   1
21 1 x y2
y  0  1( x  2)  y   x  2 o
D

1 2 x
y  1  1( x  1)  y  1   x  1
x y  2 x y 1
(1, 0)  y  0  1( x  1)  y   x  1
y x1
  ln( x  y )d 与  [ln( x  y )] d
2
Evaluate
D D
D:is the region of triangle (1,0),(1,1), (2,0).
y
1  x  y  2  e,
1 x y2
0  ln1  ln( x  y)  ln e  1 o
D

2 x
1

Therefore, ln( x  y )  ln( x  y ) ,

2

 ln( x  y )d   [ln( x  y )] d .

2

D D
11.3 Evaluation of Double Integrals
b

 f ( x, y )d =  A( x)dx
y  1 ( x) y   2 ( x)
D a

z z  f ( x, y )

y A( x0 )
y   2 ( x) b
x0 x
2 ( x )
a y  1 ( x)
A( x) 

 f ( x, y )dy
1 ( x)
 b 2 ( x )

 f ( x, y)d =  A( x)dx
D a
A( x) 

 f ( x, y )dy
1 ( x)
b 2 ( x )
 ( z  f ( x, y)
a 
 f ( x, y )dy )dx z
1 ( x)

y A( x0 )
b
y   2 ( x) x0 x
a y  1 ( x)
b 2 ( x )
 f ( x, y)d  
D
a
dx 
1 ( x )
f ( x, y )dy.
 2 4 2 4 4 4

(1)   2xydydx   dx 2 xydy  2xydy  2x  ydy

1 0 1 0 0 0

2 2 1 2
  16xdx  16 xdx  2x y 4

1
 1
2
0

1 2  16x
 16 x 2
1  8(4  1)
2
 24
 2 1 2 1 1

(2)   ( x  y)dydx   dx  ( x  y)dy  ( x  y)dy

1
0 1 0 1 1 1
2
  xdy   ydy
  2xdx 1 1
0
1 2
1 2  x(1  (1))  y 1
1
2 x 2
0
2
2  2x
4
 THEOREM 1—Fubini’s Theorem (First Form) If ƒ(x, y) is
continuous throughout the rectangular region

then D : a  x  b, c  y  d

b d

I   f ( x, y )d    dx  f ( x, y )dy
D
a c

d b

  dy  f ( x, y )dx
c a
 x2
I   d  , D : 0  x  2, 0  y  1
D 1 y 2

2 1 x2 1
0dx 01  y 2 dy
0 2
1 2 x2
0dy 01  y 2 dx 1

0 2
 x2
I   d  , D : 0  x  2, 0  y  1
D 1 y 2

1
2 1 x2 x2
0dx 01  y 2 dy 0 1  y 2 dy 1

2
 2 1
 x dx x  2 1
dy 0 2
0
4 0
1 y 2

 x 2 2
3

 0 
 x 2
arctan y 1
0  x 2

4 3 3 4
 x2
I   d  , D : 0  x  2, 0  y  1
D 1 y 2

1 2 x2
0dy 01  y 2 dx 1

1
1 8 2

2
x 0 2
0
1 y 32
dy
0 1  y 2 dx
8
 arctan y 10 1 8
3 1 x3 
2  2

 1 y2 3
0
1 y 3
2

3
I   (100  6 x 2 y )d  , D : 0  x  2, 1  y  1
D
1 2
  dy  (100  6 x y )dx
2 1
1 0 0 2
2 1 1
  dx  (100  6 x 2 y )dy
0 1
1
0 2
1
I   (100  6 x 2 y )d  , D : 0  x  2, 1  y  1
D 2
1 2
  2
  dy  (100  6 x y )dx
2 (100 6 x y)dx

1 1 0 2
0
2
8
  (200  6 y )dy   100dx   6 x ydx 2

1
3 0 02
1 1
  200dy 16  ydy  200  6 y  x dx 2

1 1 03
1 2
 400  16 y 1
1
 400  200  6 y x 2
0
2 3
I   (10  x  3 y )d  , D : 0  x  1,0  y  2
2 2 2
D

1 2
  dx  (10  x 2  3 y 2 )dy
2 0 0 1 0 1
 (10  x  3 y )dy  (28  2 x 2 )dx
2 2

0 2 2 
  (10  x )dy   3 y dy
2 2 0
2 3
0 0  28  x 1
0
3
 2(10  x )  y 2 3 2
0 86

 20  2 x  8 2
3
a  x  b,  1 ( x )  y   2 ( x ).

y  2 ( x ) y  2 ( x )
D
D
y  1 ( x )
y  1 ( x )
a b
a b

b 2 ( x )
 f ( x, y)d  
D
a
dx 
1 ( x )
f ( x, y )dy.
 c  y  d,  1 ( y )  x   2 ( y ).

d d

x  1 ( y ) x  1 ( y )
D x  2 ( y ) D
x  2 ( y )
c c

2 ( y )
 f ( x , y )d   dy 
d
f ( x , y )dx .
c 1 ( y )
D
 I   x y d  , D : y  1, x  2, y  x
D

x
x x yd y
I  1 d x  x yd y
2 1
y
 x y d y 2 y  x
x
1
2 x 1
   12 x y 2  d x 9
1
1 1 
   12 x  12 x  dx
2 3
8 o 1 2x
1
1 1 31 2 1 1 1 1
 x  x 2

1 2 1 2 2 31 1
2 11 1

   x3  d x  2 1  x  dx 1 1
2 1  (16  1)  (4  1)
8 4
 I   x y d  , D : y  1, x  2, y  x
D


2
2 x yd x
I  2

d y  y x yd x
y y

 y x d x
2 2 y x
1 y
y
1
2 2
 1  x y  dy
1 2
2 o 1 2x
y

 2 y  12 y 3 d y  8
2 9
 1
   
2 2 2
( x y )dxdy ， D : y x , x y .
D
x  y 22
 y  x2 x y
  (0,0) , (1,1),
x  y
2
 xx2 2
yy 

 ( x  y )dxdy
2 1 x

D
0 dx  ( x 2  y )dy
x2

y  y  y  y  0  y(1  y )  0
4 4 3
    
2 2 2
( x y )dxdy ， D : y x , x y . x
 ( x  y )dy
2
D x 2
1 x
 0dx x ( x  y )dy
x x
  2 x dy   2 ydy
2
2
2
x x
1
  [ x ( x  x )  ( x  x 4 )]dx
1
2 2
0 2
5 1 2
3 4 1
  [ x  x  x]dx
1
2  x ( x x ) y
2 2 x
x2
0 2 2 2
2 72 3 1 5 1 1 2 1 
33
( x  x  x )0 140
.
7 25 22
   
2 2 2
( x y )dxdy ， D : y x , x y .
D
1 y x  y2
 0 dy  ( x 2  y )dx
y2
x  y2

y  x 22
1 y x
1
  [ (( y )  y )  y( y  y )]dy
3 6 2

0
3


33
.  y  x2
140   ( 0,0) , (1,1),
x  y
2
D x y d  , D : y  x, y  x  2
2

y
2 y2  x
 y2  x y
 ,  ( x  2)  x o
2
D
y  x 2
4 x
1 y  x2

x  4x  4  x
2

( x  1)( x  4)  0
x  5x  4  0
2

x  1, x  4
 D x y d  , D : y  x, y  x  2
2

y2 y
2 y2  x
d y
2
 1 y2
xy d x y
o D

 y
4 x
2 y2 1 y  x2
  1 2
x y dy
1 2
2

1 2 1 2 3
  [ y ( y  2)  y ] d y   1 [ y  4 y 2  4 y  y 5 ] d y
2 5
2 1 2
D x yd  , D : y 2  x, y  x  2
y
x 2 y2  x
1 y
 0 dx ( xy )dy
x
o
1
D
4 x
y  x2
4 x
  dx  ( xy )dy
1 x2
D x yd  , D : y 2  x, y  x  2
y
x 2 y2  x
1 y
 0 dx ( xy )dy
x
o
1
D
4 x
y  x2
4 x
  dx  ( xy )dy
1 x2
 sin x
D x d xd y , D : y  x, x   , y  0
y
 x y x
  dx 
sin x
dy 2 x 
D
0 0 x  o x
x x
sin x sin x sin x
0 x dy 
x 0  1dy 
x
 x
e
 x2
dx

  
cos x

0 
sin x d x  sin x d xd y   d y  sin x dx
D x x
 x dx
0 y
 sin y
 D y d xd y , D : y  x, x   , x  0
 y
sin y
  d y dx
0 0
y ( )  sin x

sin y
 yd y ( ) 
sin x
0
y x