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Por:
Raúl Espinoza Gutiérrez 1161149
José Antonio Guzmán Guzmán 967838
Chucho



08/02/2011

Dr. SadeghBabaiiKochekseraii
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mhe following report will describe the characteristics of the spur gear tooth, the involute curves of its profile and
also the manufacturing processes related to it.

mo begin this report it would be useful to first introduce the characteristics of a spur gear and its teeth. mhe spur
gears, illustrated in Fig. 1, have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used to transmit power between
parallel shafts and they transmit only radial loads on their bearings. mhe tooth profiles are ordinarily curved in
the shape of an involute. Also the variations in the distance between centers do not affect the veracity of the
gear action unless the change is so great that it either jam the teeth into the root fillets of the mating member
or withdraw the teeth almost out of action.

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mo manufacture the spur gear teeth we have different type of processes, they can be hobbed, shaped, milled,
stamped, drawn, sintered, cast, or shear-cut. But also the finishing operation it͛s important, there we have such
as grinding, shaving, lapping, rolling, or burnishing. As you can see one advantage of the spur gear is that there
are plenty of machine tools and processes available to make spur gears, this fact makes them the choice when
the cost is a major factor in the gear design.

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mhe nomenclature that is used when we talk about gears is quite specific. mhe Fig. 2 shows the terminology of
spur gear teeth.





  

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mhe ‘
  is a theoretical circle where the calculations are based on; its diameter is the ‘


. We
should consider a pair of gears, where the small one is called ‘   and the big one is called   the pitch
circles of each one are tangent to each other.

mhe   ‘
[p] is the distance, measured on the pitch circle, from a point on one tooth to a corresponding
point on an adjacent tooth. So this is equal to the


 plus the  
‘ 

mhe
[m] is the ratio of the pitch diameter to the number of teeth. Some common modules are: 25, 20,
15, 12, 10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.5, 2, 1.5, 1, 0.8, 0.5.

mhe 

 ‘
[P] is the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter. mhus, it is the
reciprocal of the module. It is expressed as teeth per inch. Some common diametral pitches are: 1, 1 ¼, 1 ½, 1 ¾,
2, 2 ½, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 48, 64, 128.

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Where m = module, mm
d = pitch diameter, mm
N = number of teeth
p = circular pitch, mm
t = tooth thickness, mm





  

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mhe 
[a] is the radial distance between the
‘ and the pitch circle. mhe 
[b] is the radial
distance from the 


 to the pitch circle.

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mhe    is the circle that is tangent to the addendum circle of the mating gear. mhe   [c] is
the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of its mating gear. mhe    is
the amount by which the width of a tooth space exceeds the thickness of the engaging tooth measured on the
pitch circles.

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Beside these elements there are other parameters that must be taken into account if we want to design a spur
gear. mhe Fig. 3 shows the circles of a gear layout that are needed.

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mhe 
‘  is a solution to have a conjugate action between two gears, which means that your design is
able to produce a constant angular velocity ratio during meshing.

mhe   from which the involute tooth profile is developed.

mhe   is the common tangent, through the ‘
‘ 
[P]

mhe   
 [line cd] is the straight line passing through the pitch point and tangent to the base circles. It is
actually the path of contact of mating involutes.

mhe ‘   [ʔ] is the angle form by the line of actionand the line ab. It usually has values of 20 or 25°,
though 14 ½° was once used. mhis angle determines the base circle.

R R  





  

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mhe speed between two shafts is to be increased. mhe input speed is 1200 rev/min and the output is 1800
rev/min. Design the gear and the pinion.

- For the solution of this problem, first we need to determine which is the pinion and which is the gear, as the
speed is increasing the input gear is the Gear and the output is the Pinion.

- Secondly we need the relation between the radios. We have the following relation:

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R 
 
R R 

- Now we need to decide a suitable relation between the module and the number of teeth in the Gear, let͛s
choose a module of 4mm and 25 teeth. So the pitch diameter is:

    

- With the relation of 2:3 we get the number of teeth in the pinion:

  

  
  
 


- mhen the pinion diameter is:


   

- We define the pressure angle as 20°.

- No we calculate the base circle of the Gear and Pinion

R R       
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R
R
      


- mhe addendum and the dedendum are given by the following formulas:

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