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Approved as an American National Standard by the ANSI Board of Standards Review on 8 April
2016.
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The ESTA Technical Standards Program (TSP) was created to serve the ESTA membership and the
entertainment industry in technical standards related matters. The goal of the Program is to take a leading role
regarding technology within the entertainment industry by creating recommended practices and standards,
monitoring standards issues around the world on behalf of our members, and improving communications and
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The Control Protocols Working Group, which authored this standard, consists of a cross section of entertainment
industry professionals representing a diversity of interests. ESTA is committed to developing consensus-based
standards and recommended practices in an open setting.
Table of Contents
Foreword.....................................................................................................................................iv
1 General.....................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Scope....................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Overview and Architecture....................................................................................................1
1.3 Compliance...........................................................................................................................1
2 Normative references...............................................................................................................1
3 Definitions.................................................................................................................................2
4 Electrical Characteristics..........................................................................................................3
4.1 Background...........................................................................................................................3
4.2 Maximum and minimum cable lengths.................................................................................3
4.3 Construction..........................................................................................................................3
4.4 Impedance.............................................................................................................................4
4.5 Capacitance..........................................................................................................................4
4.6 Dielectric Withstanding Protection........................................................................................4
5 Connection Methods................................................................................................................4
5.1 Required Connector..............................................................................................................4
6 Electrical Specifications and Physical Layer............................................................................4
6.1 General..................................................................................................................................4
6.2 DMX512 Portable Cables.....................................................................................................4
6.2.1 General...............................................................................................................................4
6.2.2 Compatibility with Legacy Equipment/Adaptors................................................................4
6.3 Data link common and grounding topologies........................................................................5
6.4 Data Link signal designations summary...............................................................................5
7 Required Portable Cable Disclosures......................................................................................5
Investors in Innovation................................................................................................................6
Contact Information.....................................................................................................................7
Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................8
Foreword
(This foreword contains no mandatory requirements.)
This standard describes the types of portable cable used to interconnect products which comply with ANSI
E1.11, Entertainment Technology – USITT DMX512-A: Asynchronous Serial Digital Data Transmission Standard
for Controlling Lighting Equipment and Accessories.
In 2003, The Control Protocols Working Group of ESTA’s Technical Standards Program authorized the formation
of a DMX512 Cabling Task Group. Writing an American National Standard for the use of portable DMX512-A
cables was one of the projects assigned to this Task Group. This document is the result. It was developed under
the Policies and Procedures of the ESTA Technical Standards Program, and reaffirmed under the Policies and
Procedures of the PLASA Technical Standards Program
Initial Task Group (Company affiliations are those during the initial project)
1 General
1.1 Scope
This Standard describes the types of portable cable for the transmission of digital data among products which
comply with ANSI E1.11, Entertainment Technology—USITT DMX512-A. It covers recommended cable types,
connectors and their internal wiring.
1. Equipment manufacturers and system specifiers who wish to integrate systems of lighting equipment
and accessories, including dimmers, with controllers made by different manufacturers.
2. System specifiers and consultants who wish to gain detailed information about recommended cable
types and allowed connectors.
This standard is not intended to replace existing portable digital data cabling standards or recommended
practices other than those described in USITT DMX512 and DMX512/1990.
The first pair of wires in any DMX512 portable data cable is used as the primary data link. The second pair is
used for a variety of purposes, all of which fall within the scope of DMX512-A.
1.3 Compliance
Compliance with this standard is strictly voluntary and the responsibility of the manufacturer. Disclosures and
identification or other claims of compliance do not constitute certification or approval by ESTA. See clause 7 for
Disclosure requirements.
2 Normative references
ANSI E1.11 Entertainment Technology—USITT DMX512-A - Asynchronous Serial Digital Data Transmission
Standard for Controlling Lighting Equipment and Accessories
ANSI/TIA/EIA-485-A-1998 Electrical Characteristics of Generators & Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital
Multipoint Systems. This standard will be referred to as EIA-485-A in this document.
ISO/IEC 646 Information Technology - ISO 7-bit Coded Character Set for Information
Interchange
IEC 60603-7 Connectors for Frequencies Below 3 MHz for Use with Printed Wiring Boards –
Part 7: Detail Specification for Connectors, 8-Way, Including Fixed and Free
Connectors with common Mating Features, with Assessed Quality
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission
PO Box 131
3 rue de Varembe
1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
+41 22 919 02 11
http://www.iec.ch
ISO
International Organization for Standardization
1, Rue de Varembe
Case Postale 56
CH-1211 Geneva 20
Switzerland
+41 22 74 901 11
http://www.iso.ch
USITT DMX512/1990 Digital Data Transmission Standard for Dimmers and Controllers
USITT
6443 Ridings Rd.
Syracuse, NY 13206-1111
+1-800-938-7488 +1-315-463-6463 Fax: +1-315-463-6525
http://www.usitt.org
3 Definitions
3.1 Circuit Common: the common reference (zero volt supply) of the EIA-485-A driver or receiver circuitry.
3.2 Common: see Data Link, Signal Common, and Circuit Common.
3.5 Data Link: The physical connection between transmitting and receiving devices.
3.6 Data Link Common: the connection to circuit Common at the point of interconnection (DMX512 Port) of the
product.
3.8 DMX512 Port: a DMX512 signal connection point (connector or terminal strip).
3.9 Earth Ground: the common, zero potential available from the mains electricity supply and usually connected
to the metal chassis of equipment. Earth Ground is referred to as Earth in Europe and Ground in the USA.
3.11 Legacy (as used in this Standard): transmitting and receiving devices complying with the original USITT
DMX512 or DMX512/1990 in all aspects of those standards. (Exception: receiving devices that are not dimmers
but comply with all other aspects of DMX512/1990 shall be considered to be Legacy Equipment.)
3.13 Receiver (Receiving Device): a piece of equipment that accepts a DMX512 signal.
3.14 Signal Common: the common reference conductor of the physical media (e.g., the cable shield).
4 Electrical Characteristics
4.1 Background
The data transmission rate (250 kbits/s) used by DMX512 requires the selection of a portable DMX512 cable
that does not significantly distort the signal or give rise to spurious signal reflections. Cables intended for use
with audio systems (such as microphone cables), while having the convenience of flexibility, availability and
relative low cost, may not be suitable for use with DMX512 because of their high capacitance and incorrect
characteristic impedance; at DMX512 data rates this will give rise to bit time distortion and signal
reflections/overshoot.
4.3 Construction
Portable DMX512 cables shall use twisted pair conductors. Conductors shall be of stranded construction. The
raw cable used for a DMX512 cable assembly shall be declared by its manufacturer as suitable for use with EIA-
422/EIA-485/EIA-485-A systems. Shielding shall be on individual pairs or overall shielding of pairs, or both. The
portable cable itself shall be flexible and rugged enough for the repeated coiling and uncoiling to which it will be
subjected.
4.3.1 Cables implementing only the Primary Data Link shall consist of at least one twisted pair and be marked
according to Clause 7.1.
4.3.2 Cables implementing both Data Links shall consist of at least two twisted pairs and be marked according to
Clause 7.1.
4.3.3 Cables implementing only the Secondary Data Link shall not be allowed.
4.4 Impedance
Portable DMX512 cables shall have a characteristic impedance in the range 100 to 120 ohms. Due to the
characteristic impedance of 120 ohms in EIA-485 systems, 120 ohms is preferred.
4.5 Capacitance
Capacitance between conductors within a shield shall not exceed 19.8 pF/ft (65 pF/m). Capacitance between
any conductor and the shield shall not exceed 35 pF/ft (115 pF/m).
5 Connection Methods
5.1 Required Connector
Portable cables shall use 5-pin XLR connectors. The physical pin designations of the 5-pin XLR shall be in
accordance with Table 1.
6.2.1 General
A DMX512 Portable Cable is a digital data transmission cable designed for the provisional interconnection of two
DMX512 devices. Portable cables shall each have two prescribed connectors, a male 5-pin XLR at the end
nearest the transmitting device and a female 5-pin XLR at the end nearest the receiving device. Pins shall be
designated 1 through 5. There shall be no connection to the shell.
6.2.2 Compatibility with Legacy Equipment/Adaptors
Some legacy equipment placed voltages on the second pair of data conductors that may damage other
connected DMX512 devices. Portable adaptors intended to break the second pair for the purpose of protecting
DMX512 devices are beyond the scope of this standard.
Adaptors such as turnarounds, gender changers, taps, etc. are beyond the scope of this standard.
7.1 Portable DMX512 cables shall come with the following declaration: “Complies with ANSI E1.27-1 – Standard
for Portable Control Cables for Use with ANSI E1.11 (DMX512-A) and USITT DMX512/1990 Products”.
7.2 The cable assembly shall be marked with "ANSI E1.27-1" at both ends of the cable. Cables shorter than 6.6
feet (2m) long shall be permitted to be labeled at one end only.
7.3 Cables which implement both Data Links shall be additionally marked with the text, “Two Pair” or “2-Pair”.
7.4 Cables which implement only the Primary Data Link shall be additionally marked with the text, “Single Pair”
or “1-Pair”. Such cables shall also be marked with a violet colored band a minimum of 1/2-inch (12.7 mm) wide
around the entire circumference of the cable jacket within 2 inches (50.8 mm) of the required text markings.
Investors in Innovation
The Technical Standard Program (TSP) is financially supported by ESTA and by companies and
individuals who make undirected donations to the TSP. Contributing companies and individuals who
have helped fund the TSP are recognized as “Investors in Innovation.” The Investors in Innovation
when this standard was approved on 28 December 2015 included these companies and individuals:
VISIONARY
Altman Lighting, Inc. DesignLab Chicago / Interesting United States Institute for
B-Hive Industries, Inc. Products Theatre Technology
Boston Illumination group LDI Ken Vannice
Candela Controls Inc. John T. McGraw View One, Inc.
Clark-Reder Engineering ProSight Specialty Insurance Steve A. Walker & Associates*
Columbus McKinnon Sapsis Rigging Ralph Weber
Theatre Safety Programs
INVESTOR
Barbizon Electric Indianapolis Stage Sales & Rentals, McLaren Engineering Group
Louis Bradfield* Inc.* Mountain Productions Inc.
EGI Event Production H&H Specialties, Inc. Texas Scenic Company
Services* Ken Production Sevices Inc.
ETC Eddie Kramer
SUPPORTER
AC Power Distribution IATSE Local 728 Stage Equipment & Lighting
American Society of Theatre InCord Stage Labor of the Ozarks
Consultants Jones-Phillips Associates, LLC Strohmeier Lighting, Inc.
Roy Bickel The Kentucky Center for the TOMCAT
Bigger Hammer Production Performing Arts Total Structures*
Services Lightstream Design, LLC Arjan van Vught
ELS / Entertainment Lighting Musique Xpress Lights, Inc.* Stephen Vanciel
Services Oasis Stage Werks Vincent Lighting Systems*
Entertainment Structures See Factor Industry
Group
Tony Giovannetti
IATSE Local 514
If you would like to do your part to help fund the Program, please consider making a donation and becoming
an Investor in Innovation. Please visit http://tsp.esta.org/tsp/inv_in_innovation/sponsor.html.
Contact Information
Technical Standards Manager
Karl G. Ruling
Entertainment Services and Technology Association
630 Ninth Avenue, Suite 609
New York, NY 10036
USA
1-212-244-1505
karl.ruling@esta.org
Acknowledgements
The Control Protocols Working Group members when this document was approved by the working
group on 28 December 2015 were: