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Agricultural Inoculants Corp

RAPID COMPOSTING MICROBES

Ø A highly scientific biological formulation


Ø Consist of 25 beneficial microorganisms:
18 Bacteria and 7 Fungi categorized as follows:
o Category 1: 7 Bacteria for Decomposition, Enzyme
Production and Nutrients Transformation.
Most Probable Number (MPN) Per Gram of
Biomass = 1x106 up to 1x108.

o Category 2: 3 Bacteria for Decomposition of


Polysaccharides and Enzyme Production.
Most Probable Number (MPN) Per Gram of
Biomass = 1x106 up to 1x108.

o Category 3: 3 Bacteria for Enhanced Decomposition,


Compost “Sweetening” and Probiotics
Production.
Most Probable Number (MPN) Per Gram of
Biomass = 1x105 up to 1x107.

o Category 4: 5 Bacteria for Nitrogen Fixation and


Nutrients Transformation.
Most Probable Number (MPN) Per Gram
of Biomass = 1x105 up to 1x106.

o Category 5: 7 Fungi for Decomposition, Probotics


Production and Nutrients Transformation.
Most Probable Number (MPN) Per Gram of
Biomass = 1x104 up to 1x106.
Ø Beneficial Microorganisms.

1. Lactobacillus casei
2. Propionibacterium sp.
3. Methanobacterium forminicum
4. Methanobacterium ruminantium
5. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
6. Aspergillus niger
7. Aspergillus oryzae
8. Cellulomonas fabia
9. Penicillium notatum
10. Humicola insolens
11. Streptomyces thermophilus
12. Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
13. Thermospora curvata
14. Bacillus stearothermophilus
15. Thiobacillus thiooxidans
16. Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
17. Azotobacter vinelandii
18. Nitrobacter winogradskyi
19. Micorrhiza sp.
20. Rhizobium japonicum
21. Rhizobium leguminosarum
22. Bacillus subtilis
23. Bacillus licheniformis
24. Bacillus polymyxa
25. Rhizopus oligosporus
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Donk
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriacea
Family: Bacillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Rod shaped.  Optimum temperature
• Cell size: 0.6 to 1.0 µm in width range for growth: 55-65 oC
and 1.5 to 5.0 µm in length  Optimum pH range for
• Sporangium swollen, spherical in growth: 7.5 to 9.0
shape and at terminal position
• Usually gram positive  Source
• The mol % of G+C of the DNA is  Compost heap
43 to 62  Decomposing haystack
 Hot spring
 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use
• Aerobic to facultatively  Production of enzymes
anaerobic such as catalase
• Chemoorganotroph  For rapid composting
• Thermophilic
• Usually motile possessing
peritrichous flagella.
Cellulomonas fabia
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriacea
Family: Corynebacteriacea

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Short rods, exhibiting  Optimum temperature
irregularities such as swollen range for growth: 35-55 oC
ends or wedged shapes
 Optimum pH range for
• Small and pleomorphic rods,
straight to angular or slightly growth: 6.5 to 7.0
curved with occasional beaded,
clubbed, branched or coccoid  Source
cell
 Haystack and decaying
• Gram variable wood
• The mol % of G+C of the DNA is
58 to 69
 Commercial Use
 Physiological Characteristics  For the breakdown of
• Chemoautotroph cellulosic materials and
• Capable of utilizing cellulose enhance the decomposition
process such as
• Produces yellow, water-insoluble
pigment composting.
• Motile by means of one or a few  Production of enzymes e.g.
peritrichous flagella. cellulase and catalase
• Catalase positive
Lactobacillus casei
Beijerinck
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Lactobacillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Rods often long and slender  Optimum temperature range
• Cells variying from long and for growth: 30 to 40 0 C
slender to short, often coryneform  Optimum pH for growth: 4.5
coccobacilli to 6.2
• Chain formation common  Require carbohydrates as
• Non-sporing, some strains exhibit carbon and energy sources
bipolar bodies including nucleotides, amino
• Cell wall contains peptidoglycan acids and vitamins
• Gram positive  Growth media normally
contains fermentable
• The mol%G + C of the DNA carbohydrate, peptones,
ranges from 32 to 53 meat and yeast extract

 Physiological Characteristics  Source


• Facultative anaerobe or  Cattle manure and silage;
microaerophilic diary processing plant
• Catalase and cytochrome sewer.
negative  Fermented vegetable foods.
• Pigmentation rare, if present,
yellow or orange to rust or brick
red  Commercial Use
• Metabolism is fermentative  Production of lactic acid
• Motility is uncommon; when  Fermentation of milk and
present with peritrichous flagella other dairy products, e.g.
cheese and yoghurt
Methanobacterium forminicum
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Spirillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Spirally twisted rod, slightly  Optimum temperature range
curved, long to filamentous about for growth: 30 to 40 0 C
0.5 to 1.0 µm in width  Optimum pH range for
• Has single flagellum or a tuft growth: 7.0 to 7.5
• Endospores not formed
• Gram negative  Source
 Waste lagoons.
 Physiological Characteristics  Garbage landfills
• Facultative anaerobe or
photosynthetic  Commercial Use
• Reproduces by binary fission  Production of methane gas
• Non-motile by reduction of carbon
dioxide
 Reduction of sulfur to sulfide
 Enhanced composting
process
Methanobacterium ruminantium
Smith and Hungate
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Spirillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Oval rods or cocci to short rods  Optimum temperature range
usually occuring in pairs or chains for growth: 37 to 40 0 C
about 0.8 to 2.0 µm wide  Optimum pH for growth: 7.5
• Possesses single flagellum or a to 8.5
tuft of polar flagella
• Cells are sometimes ellipsoidal or  Source
coccoid; 1.0 to 3.0 µm in length  Ruminants
• Gram positive  Anaerobic digesters
• The mol% of G+C of DNA is 30.6  Sewage sludge

 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use


• Anaerobic  Production of methane gas
• Reduces carbon dioxide to through anaerobic digestion;
methane reduces carbon dioxide to
• Reproduces by binary fission methane
• Non-motile  Enhanced composting of
biodegradable matter
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Temple and Colmer
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Thiobacteriaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Cell size: 0.5 to 1.0 µm  Optimum temperature
• Colony size: 0.5 to 1.0 mm and range for growth: 30 to 35
0C, but can grow between
round in shape with irregular
margins 10 to 37 0C
• Small rods usually single or in  pH range for growth: 1.3
pairs to 4.5; optimum at about
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 58 2.5
to 59
• Gram negative  Source
 Lagoons and biogas
 Physiological Characteristics digesters
• Aerobic
• Obligate chemolithotroph  Commercial Use
• Iron-oxidizing  Removal of foul odor in
sewage treatment plants
• Motile with a single polar
flagellum  Conversion of ferrous ion
to ferric salts
Thiobacillus thiooxidans
Waksman & Joffe
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Thiobacteriaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Short rods, single, paired or in  Optimum temperature range
short chains; 0.5x1.0 to 2.0 µm for growth: 30 to 35 0C;
• Cell size: small, rod shaped cells growth range 10 to 37 0C
• Colony size: 0.5 to 1.0 mm;  pH range for growth: 1.3 to
colonies are transparent or 4.5;
whitish yellow
• Polarly flagellated rods  Source
• Gram negative  Oxidation ponds of sewage
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 52 plants

 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use


• Aerobic  Removal of foul odor in
• Obligate autotrophy waste effluents e.g. utilizing
• Motile usually with single polar sulfur from hydrogen sulfide
flagella  Oxidizes sulfur to sulfide
• Energy source is oxidation of
sulfur
• Carbon source is carbon dioxide;
nitrogen source is ammonia or
inorganic nitrogen
Bacillus subtilis Cohn
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Bacillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Colonies are round or irregular;  Optimum temperature
surface is dull or opaque range: 36 ± 1 0C
• Rod-shaped, seldom in chain  Optimum pH: 5.7 to 6.8
• Cell size: 0.7 to 0.8 µm in width  Growth media are
and 2 to 3 µm in length normally nutrient broth or
• Cytoplasm may be vacuolated nutrient agar enrich with
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 41 salt (NaCl)
to 47
• Spores centrally located and  Source
ellipsoidal  Soil in organic fertilizer
• Gram negative plant

 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use


• Chemoorganotroph  Production of enzymes
• Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic e.g. amylase, protease,
lipase and cellulase
• Strain uniform
 Production of modified
• Can reduce HNO3 to HNO2 starches
• Hydrolyzes casein, gelatin and  Production of meat
starch tenderizers
• Excretes a yellowish green,  Desizing fibers
fluorescent pigment
Bacillus polymyxa
Prazmowski
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Bacillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Rod-shaped  Optimum temperature
• Cell size: 0.6 to 0.8 µm in width range: 37 ± 2 0C
and 2.0 to 5.0 µm in length  Optimum pH: 8.5 to 9.5
• Spore shape: ellipsoidal  Growth media enriched
• Spore position is terminal with casein hydrolysate,
• Sporangium is swollen ammonia, thiamine, biotin
and nicotinic acid
• Colonies in nutrient agar thin after
amoeboid spreading
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 41  Source
to 51  Decomposing starch
• Gram positive
 Commercial Use
 Physiological Characteristics  Production of solvents
• Chemoorganotroph and humectants
• Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic  Production of enzymes,
e.g. protease, amylase,
• Can fix nitrogen under anaerobic cellulase and catalase
conditions
 Production of organic
• Can hydrolyze casein, gelatin acids from sugar
and starch
 Production of antibiotic
e.g. polymyxin
Bacillus licheniformis
Garner and Troy
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Eubacteriales
Family: Bacillaceae

 Morphological Characteristics
• Cell size: 0.6 to 0.8 µm in width  Growth Requirements
and 1.5 to 3 µm in length  Optimum temperature
• Colonies on agar often opaque range: 37 to 45 0C
with dull to rough surface  Optimum pH: 6.8 to 7.0
• Rods often in chain  Growth media enriched
• Spore shape is ellipsoidal with peptone and KNO3
• Spore position is centrally located
• Sporangium not swollen  Source
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 42  Livestock barns
to 49  Compost heap
• Gram positive
 Commercial Use
 Physiological Characteristics  Production of gluconic
• Chemoorganotroph and other organic acids
• Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic  Production of enzymes,
• Can oxidize atmospheric nitrogen e.g. amylase, cellulase
to HNO2 galactosidase and
arginine dehydrolase
• Catalase positive
 Production of antibiotic
• Motile by means of peritrichous e.g. bacitracin
flagella
Streptomyces thermophilus
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Actinomycetales
Family: Streptomycetaceae

 Morphological Characteristics
• Spores called conidia grow in  Growth Requirements
spiral chains on aerial hypae  Optimum temperature
which are 0.5 to 1.0 µm in range: 55 to 65 0C
diameter and of indefinite length  Optimum pH: 6.5 to 8.5
• Colony is convoluted
 Source
• Develops primary mycelium from
which most of filaments arise  Compost pile
 Decomposed sugar cane
• Gram positive
wastes e.g. mud press
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 63 and bagasse
to 78
 Commercial Use
 Production of probiotics
 Physiological Characteristics which can be processed
into antibiotics e.g.
• Aerobic or microaerophilic streptomycin and
• Produces extracellular enzymes tetracycline
that permit utilization of  Production of polyene
polysaccharides, proteins and fats antibiotics from soymeal
extract
 For rapid composting
especially at the
thermophilic range
Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
Taiklinsky
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Actinomycetales
Family: Streptomycetaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Substrate mycelium is well-  Optimum temperature
developed, branched, septate, 0.4 range: 55 to 65 0C
to 0.8 µm in diameter
 Optimum pH: 7.5 to 8.5
• Spores formed singly or aerial
and substrate hyphae, sessile or
branched sporophores  Source
• Aerial mycelium is 0.5 to 1.0 µm  Heating compost heap
in diameter
 Decomposed
• Gram positive, not acid-fast
mushroom substrate
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 52
to 54.8
 Commercial Use
 Physiological Characteristics  For rapid composting
• Chemoorganotroph especially at the
• Aerobic some species are thermophilic range
microaerophilic
• Produces by special method of
sporulation
Thermonospora curvata
Teplyyakova
Class: Shizomycetes
Order: Actinomycetales
Genus: Micromomosporacee

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


 Hyphae do not fragment; each  Optimum temperature range
hyphae being 0.3-0.8 µm in for growth: 35-55oC
diameter  Optimum pH range for
 Conidia exist singly in pairs, or in growth: 7.5 - 8.5
short chains
 Spores are oval to round, 1.0 –1.2  Source
by 1.2-1.5 µm, and are produced  Compost heap
singly at the terminus of the
specialized conidiophores  Heating hay
 Gram positive  Decomposing manure

 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use


 Heterotrophic; feeds on organic  For enhanced composting
substrate  For decomposition of chitin,
 Oligocarbophilic: can grow on cellulose, hemicellulose and
limited carbon glucosides
 Obligate anaerobic
 thermophilic
 Microaerophilic to facultatively
anaerobe
Azotobacter vinelandii
Berjerinck
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Hyphomicrobiales
Family: Azotobacteraceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Pleiomorphic: ovoid to rod-shape  On nitrogen-free medium
• Cell size: Diameter is ≥ 2 µm; with sugar as carbon
Length is ≥ 3 µm source, colonies appear
• Colonies are generally smooth, within 48 hr at 30 0 C and
glistening, opaque, low convex reach a diameter of 2 – 6
and viscid mm in a week
• Flagellar arrangement is  Optimum pH: 7.0 to 7.5
peritrichous
• Produces cyst
• Gram negative  Source
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is  Waste effluent in lagoons
from 63.2 to 67.5  Soil in the organic
fertilizer plant
 Physiological Characteristics
• Obligate aerobe  Commercial Use
• Heterotrophic  Fixation of atmospheric
• Can fix nitrogen under nitrogen and converting it
atmospheric pressure; About 10 to NH4 –N
mg of atm N/g of glucose
consumed
Nitrosomonas europeae
Winogradskyi, 1892
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family: Nitrobacteraceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Ellipsoidal or rod-shaped cells
with intra-cytoplasmic membrane
 Temperature range: 5-
• Cells occur singly or rarely in
30oC
chains  pH range: 5.8 to 8.5
• Reproduce by binary fission  Major source of energy
• Cells rich in cytochromes which and reducing power is
impart a yellowish to reddish
color to cell suspension from oxidation of NH3 to
• Gram negative HNO2
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is
45 to 54  Source
 Soil in the organic
 Physiological Characteristics
fertilizer plant
• Aerobic but can also grow in low
oxygen tension
• Chemolithotroph  Commercial Use
• Can produce urease which
permits them to use urea as a
 Oxidation of NH4-N to
substrate nitrite
 Motile and some non-motile
Nitrobacter winogradskyi
Winogradskyi, 1892
Class: Schizomycetes
Order: Pseudomonadales
Family:Nitrobacteraceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Cell size: 0.6 to 0.8 µm in  Temperature range: 5 to 37
diameter and 1.0 to 2.0 µm in 0C

length  pH range: 6.5 to 8.5


• Short rod, often pear-shaped  Can grow heterotrophically
cells in basal salt medium
• Reproduce by budding enriched with pyruvate,
• Cytomembranes occur in the formate, acetate and
form of a polar cap of flattened glycerol as energy and
vesicles in the peripheral region carbon sources and with
of the cells yeast extract, peptone,
• Gram negative ammonia and nitrite sources
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 60  Generation time: 8 to 14 hrs
to 62
 Source
 Physiological Characteristics  Soil in the organic fertilizer
• Aerobic plant
• Facultative chemolithotroph
• Nitrogen-fixing  Commercial Use
• Can oxidize HNO2 to HNO 3  Oxidation of nitrites to
nitrates
 Rarely motile and when motile,
the cells have a single sub-
terminal flagellum
Rhizobium japonicum
Class Schizomycetes
Order: Eubactriales
Family: Rhizobiaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Short rods measuring 0.5 to 1.0  Optimum temperature
µ in diameter and 1.0 to 3.0 µ in range for growth is 25 0 C
length  Optimum pH: 6.0 to 7.0
• Globular or ellipsoidal in shape  Growing best in media
• Colonies are circular or rounded with extracts of yeast,
• Gram negative malt and other plant
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 55 materials
to 65
 Source
 Physiological Characteristics  Fermenting soyameal
• Aerobic products
• Heterotrophic
• Motile when young, commonly  Commercial Use
changing to bacteroidal forms  For seed inoculation
especially Leguminoseae
 For symbiotic nitrogen-
fixation on legume crops
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Bergersen
Class Schizomycetes
Order: Eubactriales
Family: Rhizobiaceae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Cell size: 0.5 to 0.9 µm in  Optimum temperature
diameter and 1.2 to 3.0 µm in range: 25 to 30 0 C
length  Optimum pH: 6.0 to 7.0
• Short rods, and maybe globular  Grows rapidly on a wide
or ellipsoidal variety of carbohydrates
• Colonies are circular, convex, particularly mannitol,
semi-translucent, raised and glucose, arabinose,
mucilagenous, usually 2 to 4 µm fructose, sucrose and
in diameter within 3 to 5 days on galactose
yeast-mannitol, mineral salt agar  Nitrogen requirements
• Commonly pleiomorphic can be satisfied by HNO3
• Gram negative and ammonium salts
• The mol%G + C of the DNA is 59
to 64  Source
 Legume plants e.g.
 Physiological Characteristics beans and peanuts and
• Aerobic soybeans
• Heterotrophic and non-
fermentative  Commercial Use
• Non-spore forming  An inoculant to enhance
• Capable of fixing atmospheric the growth of seeds
nitrogen especially cereals and
legumes
• Motile with one polar or subpolar
flagellum  Symbiotic fixation of
atmospheric nitrogen
Sporangium
Rhizopus oligosporus
Sporangiospore
Saito
Class: Phycomycetes
Stolon Order: Mucorales
Rhizoid
Genus: Rhizopus

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Non-septate mycellia giving rise  Optimum temperature range
to straight sporangiophores for growth: 20 to 30 0C
• Sporangiophores arise from  Optimum pH range for growth
rhizoids at nodes of the stolons is slightly acid: 5.6
• Colunella is hemispherical
• Spores are oval, colorless or  Source
brown  Spoiled food in storage
• Rhizoids, nodes and stolons are  Decaying fruits and
present vegetables

 Physiological Characteristics  Commercial Use


• Aerobic  For seed inoculation
 For decomposition of
polysaccharides e.g. mannan,
xylan and galactan
 For production of proteolytic
enzymes e.g. phytase
Aspergillus niger van Tiegham
Class Deuteromycetes
Order: Moniliales
Genus: Aspergillus

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Produces septate and branched  Optimum temperature range: 22
mycelia to 30 0C
• Conidiophore (fertile hyphae)  Optimum pH: 3.0 to 5.0
arises from an enlarged cell of the  Growth media contain malt-
vegetative mycelium known as yeast-agar extract enriched with
the foot cell and terminates in a peptone, glucose and other
swollen portion called vesicle sugars
• Vesicle gives rise to sterigmata  Source
which may be single-layered or  Pineapple pulp and decaying
double-layered fruits
• Color of the conidia which arise  Commercial Use
from the sterigmata maybe black,  In industrial fermentation, e.g.
brown or green production of citric acid and
gluconic acid
 Production of enzymes, e.g.
 Physiological Characteristics
sucrase and invertase
• Aerobic  Solubilizes insoluble
• Heterotroph phosphorus
• Capable of degrading cellulose  Decomposes protein, amino
and hemicellulose (e.g. mannan, acids and other nitrogenous
xylan and galactan) as source of compounds releasing ammonia
carbon  Generates ethylene which
• Converts sugar to citric acid and enhances root elongation,
gluconic acid stimulates development of
lateral roots and enhances seed
germination
 Can produce pectic enzymes,
e.g. pectin lyase
 Oxidizes powdered sulfur
Aspergillus oryzae Cohn
Class: Deuteromycetes
Order: Moniliales
Genus: Aspergillus

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Colonies varying from light  Optimum temperature
greenish-yellow to deep yellow- range: 25 to 30 0C
green
 Optimum pH: 4.0 to 5.0
• Conidiophores are rough or pitted,
colorless; 21 µm in diameter and
600 to 1700 µm in length  Source
• Heads are hemispherical to  Soy sauce; fermenting
columnar to sub-globose soybean
• Sterigmata in 1 or 2 series
• Vesicles, 24 to 62 µm in diameter,
are variable in form, from hemi-  Commercial Use
spherical to dome-shaped  Production of soy sauce
• Conidia are globose, more or less  Production of enzymes,
smooth, size vary from 3 to 6 µm e.g. protease and
in length invertase or sucrase
• Sclerotia characteristic of many  Production of amylase
strains, generally greenish-brown from corn meal and
to black
wheat bran

 Physiological Characteristics
• Aerobic
• Heterotroph
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Beijerinck
Class: Ascomycetes
Family: Saccharomycetaceae
Tribe: Saccharomyceteae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Unicellular: cells, 3 to 10 µm in diameter  Optimum temperature
and 5 to 20 µm in length, are ellipsoidal range: 20 to 30 0C
or cylindrical, spheroidal, ovoid,
occurring singly or in pairs  Optimum pH: 3.5 to 3.8
• Ascosporogenous showing multi-lateral  Growth media contain
budding; the asci contain 1 to 4 malt and yeast extracts,
spheroidal ascospores peptone, glucose and
• Cell wall contains cytoplasm agar
• Has mitochondria (folded threads)
measuring 0.3 to 1 µm in diameter and
3 µm in length  Source
• Has vacuoles in the cytoplasm  Stale bread and
• Reproduction is combined budding and fermenting cereal
fission products
• Gram positive  Fermentation industries

 Physiological Characteristics
 Commercial Use
• Heterotroph
• Aerobic in early stages, but quickly
 Conversion of sugar to
become anaerobic ethyl alcohol
• Constituents of cells are 2  Production of multi-
polysaccharides: glucan, 32% and vitamins mentioned
mannan, 30% above
• Also contains proteins, enzyme  Beer manufacturing and
invertase and hydrolase other alcoholic beverages
• Also contains lipids (8 to 13%)
 Production of fermented
• Contains multi-vitamins, e.g. thiamine,
riboflavin, nicotinic acid, panthothenic
foods
acid, choline and inositol  Production of glycerol
from molasses
Penicillium notatum
Class: Phycomycetes
Order: Moniliales
Genus: Penicillium

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


• Single-celled conidia are in  Optimum temperature range
chains developing at the end of for growth: 20 to 30 0C
the sterigmata arising from the  Optimum pH range for growth
metula of the coniophore is slightly acid: 5.6
• Branched conidiophores arise  Growth enhanced with
peptones, plant extracts and
from septated mycelium agar

 Physiological Characteristics  Source


• Aerobic  Decomposing mushroom
• Sapphrophyte substrate
 Spoiling fruits and vegetables

 Commercial Use
 Production of penicillin from
corn steep liquopr with sugar
 For production of proteolytic
enzymes for efficient
decomposition of
proteinaceous substances
emitting foul smell
 Also known to degrade
pesticidal compounds
Humicola insolens Cooney
Class: Ascomycetes
Order: Myxomycetales
Genus: Humicola

Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


 crystal cells  Optimum temp range: 45-55oC
 single-cell conidia in  Can thrive well at 60-62oC
homologous chain  Optimum pH range: 5.5-7.0
 filamentous fungi  Grows best in minimal or
 Physiological Characteristics slight oxygen
 anaerobic or microaerobic  Commercial Use
 heterothallic ascomycete  Production of enzymes with
 thermophilic many industrial uses
 Source  For removal of inks, coatings
 compost heap and toners from recycled
 piles of agricultural and printed paper
forestry products  For wastewater treatment
 mushroom compost  For stonewashing of textile
material
Mycorrhiza sp.
Class: Basidiomycetes
Genus: Mycorrhizeae

 Morphological Characteristics  Growth Requirements


 Mycorrhizal roots are either  Optimum temperature range
ectotrophic in which the fungus for growth: 20-35oC
hyphae form an extensive
 Optimum pH range for
sheath around the outside of
growth: 6.0 to 8.0
the root or endotrophic in which
the fungus mycellium is  Utilizes simple carbohydrates
embedded in the root tissue. for growth with one or two
vitamins
 Physiological Characteristics
 Source
 Literally means “root fungus”
 Forest trees especially
 Composed of long and short mycorrhizal species
roots; short rods are
dichotomously branched; long  Commercial use
roots are usually unaffected  For enhancement of growth
 Obligate symbionts especially of non-mycorrhizal
trees in reforestation projects
 Produces multi-stranded
or commercial tree planting
structures called rhizomorphs
 For soil rehabilitation
especially problem soils
Ø The Food Base

o Category 1: Nutrients and Chelated Trace Elements

1. Carbon 11. Copper


2. Nitrogen 12. Manganese
3. Phosphorus 13. Molybdenum
4. Potassium 14. Cobalt
5. Calcium 15. Sodium
6. Magnesium 16. Chlorine
7. Sulfur 17. Silicon
8. Zinc 18. Selenium
9. Iron 19. Alumina
10. Boron 20. Iodine

Category 2: Enzymes

1. Cellulase 6. Invertase
2. Amylase 7. Carboxylase
3. Lipase 8. Arginase
4. Protease 9. Urease
5. Lactase 10. Phosphatase
11. Sulfatase
o
Category 3: Amino Acids

1. Lysine 5. Cysteine
2. Methionine 6. Glycine
3. Tryptophane 7. Glutamic acid
4. Cystine 8. Leucine
Benefits of using AIC’s rapid composting inoculants

1. stabilize the putrescible matter in the organic waste


2. enhance the decomposition process.
3. exterminate pathogens and other harmful organism
4. eliminate weeds and unwanted foreign matter.
5. enrich the finished product nutritionally.
6. enhance the production of humus.
7. encourage the production of enzymes, probiotics as
well as growth promoting substances.
8. It will produce a uniform and homogenous product
phytotoxicity effect on plants.
9. it will remove foul odor. The finished product will
posses an earthy smell.

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