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COCCI
Staphylococc Gram + “grape” facultative anaerobe, Catalase +
us
aureus Gray or golden Some +Capsule/slime Cutaneous – (acne Smear Penicillin Handwash
yellow colonies Superweapon/antigen etc),SSSS(bullous exfoliative Culture Cloxacillin and proper
Coagulase +, 1. Exfoliative dermatitis) BAP Nafcillin hygiene
mannitol +, 2. TSST1 TSS – tampon Biochem Vancomycin Can prevent
Novobiocin s, Gastroenteritis(food disease
Yellow pigment + poisoning)
Beta Hemolysis + Endocarditis
Bones, Joints
Pneumonia,empyema
epidermidis Gray to white, Most common isolate in Aminoglycosi Normal flora
Coagulase -,M-,N s, infections with artificial des etc. of skin,
Y-, H- cardiac valves, prosthetic oppurtunistic
joints (THR) and CNS shunts
saprophyticus Only one which is Causes UTI in sexually active
novobiocin young females
resistant, Coagulase
-
Streptococcus Gram +, in chains or pairs, catalase -
pneumonia Alpha Hemolytic, IgA protease – colonization Bacterial pneumonia (most Pen-G Prevented by
Optochin (S),bile Teichoic acid – attachment common on >65y/o) pneumovacc.
soluble, lancet Polysaccharide capsule – Adult meningitis (most
shaped diplococcic major, inhib phago common cause)
found in URT Pneumolysin O – damage Otitis media and sinusitis
respi epithelium (rusty (most common in children)
sputum) Septicemia
viridians Alpha Hemolytic, Dextran (biofilm) Dental caries – S. mutans Pen-G with Penicillin
Optochin (r), bile Growth in vegetation Infective endocarditis aminoglycosi
resistant (S. sanguis, (protects from immune) des for IE
S. mutans, S.
salivarius), normal
flora of human
oropharynx
Pyogenes Beta Hemolytic, Hyaluronic acid Capsule Acute/suppurative Rapid Pen-g – DOC Penicillin
(group A) Bacitracin (s), PYR + (antiphago) 1. Pharyngitis antigen Erythro – 2nd
M CHON – deadly virulence 2. Scarlet fever – sandpaper test
fx, used to type GABS rash, strawberry tongue, Throat
M12 strain – AGN circumoral pallor, palms swab
Streptolysin O – and soles spared ASO titer
immunogenic 3. Pyoderma/Impetigo – for RF
Streptolysin S – non- honey crusted lesions (>200)
immunogenic 4. Cellulitis/Necrotizing
Streptokinase – fibrin clot fasciitis – flesh eating
breakdown bacteria
Stretococcal DNAse – liq. Non-suppurative sequalae
Pus and extension of lesion 1. RF seq of Pharyngitis
Hyaluronidase – spread in 2. AGN(m12 serotype) seq of
cellulitis cutaneous and pharyngitis
Exotoxin A-C – pyrogenic or
erythrogenic, assoc to Misc: puerperal fever,
scarlet fever, activate Th pneumonia, TSS like
cells and MHC class 2 syndrome
Agalactiae Beta Hemolytic, Capsule Neonatal Septicemia Ampicillin Treat mother
(group B) Bacitracin (r), Beta hemolysin Meningitis Cefotaxime prior to
Hippuric acid, CAMP CAMP fx with genta delivery
+, reservoir in
human vagina,
transmitted in child
birth, PROM
increases risk
Enterococcus Gamma Hemolytic, able to live in bowel, colon, UTI and Biliary tract Vancomycin Penicillin and
faecalis 6.5%NaCl(+), group urethra and gallbladder infections gentamycin
D due to bile/salt tolerance SBE through hematogenous
route
bovis Gamma Hemolytic,
6.5%NaCl(-), group
D
Neisserriae Medium of Choice: BAP, Selective Media: Grows on Thayer Martin (Vancomycin, Colistin and Nystatin), Martin Lewis, New York,
very sensitive to adverse env’t and cold, gram –, catalase +, oxidase +
gonorrhea Gram – , acquired Pili – attach, antiphago, Genital Gonorrhea – Gram stain Ceftriaxone +
through sexual POR-antiphago, Opa – symptomatic in males, of urethral Doxycycline
contact and birth attach to eukaryotes, Rmp- cervicitis with purulent smear, for
canal against antibody, -Ferrin, discharge and intermenstrual Proceed to Chlamydia
LOS –endotoxin,mimicry, bleeding in females culture for Resistant to
IgA1 protease, B-lactamase Rectal, Pharyngeal, females, penicillin
Meningitis, Ophthalmia molecular (PPNG)
neonatorum, PID, probe
Disseminated gonococcal
infection
Meningitides Colonizes Capsule, LOS, IgA1 Meningitis Gram stain: Pen-G Vaccine:
nd
nasopharyx, 2 protease Septicemia Culture: Alter: A,B,C,Y and
most common CA Waterhouse Friedrichsen acid prdxn Chloram w135 most
meningitis in adults’ syndrome (hemorrhage of with 3rd gen Ceph: important to
people with adrenals) glu,mal Cef- humans,
complement (MAC) Pneumonia, arthritis, Capsular groups a and
deficiencies, respi urethritis polysacch: c cause
droplet serogroup epidemics,
B- prev by
nonimuuno Rifampin and
genic minoclycline
Moraxella Nomal flora, does Bronchitis, pneumonia,
catarrhalis not utilize sinusitis, otitis media and
carbohydrate(asacc conjunctivitis
harolytic)
B-lactamase (+)
RODS
Gram + bacilli, spore formers
Clostridium Obligate anaerobe, terminal spores
botulinum Motile, Botulinum toxin – heat Botulism – floppy baby Clinical Polyvalent Proper
soil/dust/animal labile, flaccid paralysis, syndrome, flaccid paralysis, Toxin in Antitoxin canning and
feces, non-acidic blocks release of Acth eye sx like blurring, NV, stool/seru (ABE) no honey for
and anaerobic (tae) diarrhea, dizziness, weakness m Amoxicillin infants
Respiratory
No GI symptoms for wounds Support
debridement
Perfringens Invasive, soil and Spores germinate in tissue Gas gangrene (myonecrosis) Culture – Penicillin and
Self-limiting
human colon, Alpha toxin – licithinase – – crepitus, tense tissue, double clindamycin infection for
encapsulated, non tissue destruction, hepatic contaminated from soil or hemolysis food
motile, double toxicity feces, systemic symptoms on BAP Debridement poisoning so
hemolysis Enterotoxin Chopped , Hyperbaric give
meat – gas chamber supportive
care
tetani Motile, localized, Tetanospasmin – blocks Tetanus – trismus, risus Clinical Penicillin or DPT,
soil, feces of horses Glycine and GABA (inhib sardonicus, opisthotonus Metro + Penicillin, TIG,
and other animals NTA) Immune Proper wound
globulin for cleaning for
toxin, prevention,
-zepam for linear less
than 6h old
wounds
vaccine only,
otherwise add
TIG
difficile Reservoir is human Toxin A – enterotoxin Pseudomembranous colitis Endoscopy, Metro-, DC
colon, antibiotic damaging mucosa Toxins in antibiotics
associated Toxin B – cytotoxic stool
(clindamycin,
cepha-, amox,
ampi), invasive
Bacillus
anthracis Zoonotic, Capsule – polypeptide Anthrax – eschar, papule & Culture Cipro, Doxy Autoclave,
encapsulated, non- Anthrax toxin – PA - entry, pustules, often with regional and Vaccine
motile, from wool LF(lethal) EF(edema) lymphadenopathy Serology
and animal hair (cutaneous)
Wool sorter’s
disease(pulmonary) GI(rare)
cereus Motile, morile, Emetic toxin - Emetic – diarrhea and
non-encapsulated, Diarrheal toxin – meats, vomiting (1-6 hours)
B-hemolytic sauces diarrheal - watery diarrhea
(e.coli like, 18 hours)
subtilis Lab contaminant
Ground glass
colonies
Gram + Bacilli, non-spore formers
Listeria Facultative intracellular, tumbling motility
monocytogen Cold growth: soft Listeriolysin O – B Listeriosis – peaks in summer, Ampi and Food
es cheeses, deli meats, hemolysin, helps organism symptomatic in pregnant genta precaution
cabbages, found in escape or jump when women
non-pasteurized lysosome tries to dump
milk, across contents into phagosome, Neonates – granulomatosis
placenta, during lethal to decreased infantiseptica, in utero early
delivery immune onset, meningitis with
septicemia in late onset due
to fecal exposure
UG infection, females –
asymptomatic, males – most
common case of non
gonococcal infection, dual
infection with gonorrhea,
associated with Reiters
syndrome