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Packet Tracer 3 Lab – VLSM 2

Objective

• Create a simulated network topology using Packet Tracer


• Design an IP addressing scheme using a Class B subnetwork address and VLSM
• Apply IP addresses to the routers and workstations in the simulation
• Test the simulated topology to verify IP connectivity

Background / Preparation

You are responsible for designing a network that connects 3 geographically separated sites, each
with its own LAN, to the corporate headquarters for access to the Web Server. The connection will
be made through a Cloud representing an ISP / Internet network connection at each site. You will
configure IP addresses to the border routers represented by the cloud. The service provider has
assigned a portion of a class B network address (1,024 addresses) to work with and must make the
best use of the address space while minimizing wasted addresses. To accomplish this you will
develop an IP addressing scheme using Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) to allocate IP
addresses to the LANs and WAN links in the network. You will apply the addresses to the routers
and workstations in the simulated network and then test to ensure that it works.

Routers simulated with Packet Tracer use RIP version 2 to find routes to remote networks
automatically. A router advertises all networks that its ports belong to, which is specified by the IP
address and subnet mask. RIP version 2 supports VLSM. RIP keeps a routing table of remote
networks. The routing table associates a network (network ID and subnet mask or network bits) to
the port that is closest to the network. A router can have one default port.

A Cloud simulated with Packet Tracer has multiple borders. Each border is a WAN port that has an
IP address. The cloud provides the DCE clocking for each of its border interfaces by default. A
cloud does not have a default port. All other cloud functions are identical to router functions.

It is recommended that you become familiar with the basic features of Packet Tracer prior to
starting this lab by running the tutorials found under the Help menu option in Packet Tracer.

1-6 Packet Tracer 3 Lab – VLSM 2 Copyright  2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Step 1. Design an IP Addressing Scheme Using VLSM

Starting with the Class B subnetwork address of 172.16.8.0/22, create subnets to allocate IP
addresses to the Ethernet LANs and WAN links in the network topology shown above. The
requirements for the number of addresses are listed in the table below. Use VLSM to minimize
wasted IP addresses. Assume ip subnet-zero is enabled and that the first subnet (all zeros) and
last subnet (all ones) can be used.

As a general rule it is best to first allocate subnets to the networks with the largest number of
required addresses starting from the lowest subnet number and working up. Ethernet networks will
require more IP addresses than WAN links. Be sure to minimize the number of addresses used on
the WAN links and allocate WAN subnets starting at the highest subnet. Document your VLSM
subnet design using the table below. You will use these subnet address ranges to assign interface
addresses to the routers and workstations in the scenario.

32 Bit Address 32 Bit Dotted


Number of IP
Address Area Prefix and Slash Decimal Subnet
Addresses
(/) Bit Mask Mask

Class B Subnetwork 1,024 total


Assigned (1,022 172.16.8.0 / 22 255.255.252.0
useable)
Router 0 LAN
210 hosts
Router 1 LAN
195 hosts
Router 2 LAN
95 hosts
Router Corp LAN
52 hosts
Router 0- Cloud WAN
2 hosts
Router 1- Cloud WAN
2 hosts
Router 2- Cloud WAN
2 hosts
Router Corp – Cloud
WAN 2 hosts

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Step 2. Create the Basic Topology

a. Open the Packet Tracer application to begin creating the simulated topology.
The topology consists of 4 routers interconnected through the cloud by WAN serial links. A single
workstation on each LAN represents the group of IP addresses required as indicated in the table in
step 1. The connection between the workstations and routers is assumed to be a switch or hub.

b. Verify Simple Mode.


Click on the Options menu and verify that Simple Mode is selected. The figure below shows the
networking device icons available to create topologies. The Connect lightning bolt icon is used to
link the devices. The Remove pencil eraser icon can be used to delete any device or link.

c. Place the routers in the topology and rename a router


From the Topology Tab, click and drag a Router icon to the workspace and click again to paste it in
position. Repeat this until the four routers shown in the diagram are present. You may also double
click the router icon and then click 4 times to paste multiple icons in the workspace. Click the
Cancel icon in the lower right corner when finished or to abort an operation. The four routers are
initially named Router 0, Router 1, Router 2 and Router 3. Click on Router 3 and Change the
name to Corp.

d. Place the workstations in the topology and rename a PC


From the Topology Tab, click and drag a PC icon to the workspace and click to paste it in position.
Repeat this until the four PCs shown in the diagram are present. You may also double click the PC
icon and then click 4 times to paste multiple icons in the workspace. Click the Cancel icon in the
lower right corner when finished. The four PCs are initially named PC 0, PC 1, PC 2 and PC 3.
Change the name of PC 3 to Web Server. When a PC is directly connected to a router in Packet
Tracer, as shown in the diagram, the existence of a hub or switch is assumed.

3-6 Packet Tracer 3 Lab – VLSM 2 Copyright  2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Step 3. Connect the Networking Devices

Note: By default, each Packet Tracer router has 4 Ethernet and 2 Serial ports numbered as shown
in the figure below. Ports 0 and 1 are RJ-45 Fast Ethernet, ports 2 and 3 are D-Connector type
Serial and ports 4 and 5 are Fiber Fast Ethernet. In the figure below Serial Port 2 is selected with
the Port Config options displayed. This port is enabled (status=on or not shut down), bandwidth is
1.544 Mbps and DCE clocking is disabled. In the example below, an IP address and subnet mask
have been entered. Ports can be added or removed as desired.

a. Create the WAN Links


Click on the Connect lightning bolt icon to create the WAN Link between router 0 and the Cloud.
When the Connect icon is selected in Simple Mode it does not prompt for the connection type and it
is not necessary to select the port to use. For router-to-router connections, the next available
Ethernet port is used by default. For router-to-cloud connections the default is the next available
Serial port. Repeat this process for the WAN connection to the Cloud for Routers 1, 2 and Corp. It
is not necessary to set the clock for any of the routers since the cloud interfaces already default to
DCE.

b. Create the LAN Links


While in Simple Mode, click on the Connect lightning bolt icon. Select first Router 0 and then PC 0
to create the LAN Link between them. Repeat this process for the other routers and PCs. The
Interface status indicator dots between routers and PCs should all be green. The existence of a hub
or switch between a router and PC is assumed.

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Step 4. Configure IP Addresses on the Routers and Workstations

a. Assign Router and Cloud IP Addresses


Select Router 0 and click on Ethernet Port 0. Enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the LAN
interface from the VLSM subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next select Serial Interface 2 and
enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the WAN interface. Repeat this process to assign IP
addresses and subnet masks as appropriate for the LAN and WAN interfaces of the other three
routers. Assign IP addresses and subnet masks to the four cloud ports. Use the table below to
record your IP addresses for the router and cloud interfaces.
.

Device Interface IP Address Subnet mask


Router 0 Ethernet port 0
Serial port 2

Router 1 Ethernet port 0


Serial port 2

Router 2 Ethernet port 0


Serial port 2

Corp Ethernet port 0


Serial port 2

Cloud Serial port 0


Serial port 1
Serial port 2
Serial port 3

b. Assign Workstation IP Addresses


Select PC 0. Ethernet Port 0 should be the only port available. Enter an IP Address and subnet
mask for the PC from the VLSM subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next enter the IP address of
the Gateway. This is the IP address of the Router 0 Ethernet LAN interface. Repeat this process to
assign IP addresses, subnet masks and gateways as appropriate for the other PCs.

Device Interface IP Address Subnet mask Gateway IP Address


PC 0 Ethernet port 0
PC 1 Ethernet port 0
PC 2 Ethernet port 0
Web Ethernet port 0
Server

Step 5. Test the IP Addressing VLSM Scheme

5-6 Packet Tracer 3 Lab – VLSM 2 Copyright  2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.
a. Click on the Simulation Tab and click on the Add Packet button which has a Plus (+) sign and a
small envelope next to it. A packet will display on the timeline that says “defining” next to it.

b. Click on source PC 0 and then click on the destination Web Server. The timeline window should
show a colored packet with “PC 0 >> Web Server” next to it.

c. Click on the blue right arrow button in the white square of the player controls shown in the figure
above to simulate a ping. This will send the packet from PC 0 to the Web Server and test IP
connectivity. The packet should pass through all devices in the path and reach the Web Server. A
green check mark will display on the Web Server if the ping is successful.

d. To complete the testing, click on the Add Packet icon again and test connectivity from PC 1 to the
Web Server. Add a third packet and test from PC 2 to the Web Server. Each new packet will be
assigned a different color. Also send packets from PC 0 to PC 1 and PC 2. Click on the New button
if you wish to start a new series of packets.

e. If the pings are not successful, troubleshoot the IP addressing scheme and addresses/subnet
masks assigned to ensure that they are compatible.

Step 6. Save the Topology

a. Click on the File Menu and click Save. Save the topology under the Name of VLSM2-XXX where
XXX is your initials.

Step 7. Reflection

a. What would have happened in the simulation if IGRP was used as the routing protocol?

__________________________________________________________________________________

b. Could the network have been subnetted and still provide an adequate number of IP addresses for
each network without using VLSM?

__________________________________________________________________________________

c. How many addresses would have been wasted if the network 172.16.8.0/24 was used for the WAN
link between Router 0 and Router 1?

__________________________________________________________________________________

d. Can you think of other ways to use Packet Tracer to test scenarios? _______________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

6-6 Packet Tracer 3 Lab – VLSM 2 Copyright  2004, Cisco Systems, Inc.

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