WIR

SCHNEIDERN
SELBST

ORUNDLAOEN DER
HAUSSCHNEIDEREI

VERLAO FUR DIE FRAU, LEIPZIG

HERAUSOEBER: Vf.RLAO FUR DIE l'RAU
LEIPZIG C I, FRIEDRICH-EBERT-STRABE,76
POSTSCHECKKONTO LEIPZIO Nr. 121964. TEXT UND REDAKTION:
ANTONIE JANUSCH, LEIPZIG
LIZ. 126140.5163 55. DRUCK:
DRUCKHAUS EINHEIT LEIPZIG lllll8j2tl
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6yMa>Knou BblKpoiiKe, KOTopy10 JaTeM ocropO}l{HO y6npa10T.

16
 flO.llOTll}'TblA KpaA .lleT8JIJI 38MeTblB8IOT He·
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.n.HHeHHH BX no JIHH.HH T8JIHH.

17
 B rrpou:ecce rrpJU.tepKH rrnaThH 06paw.a10T BHH-
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JJ,JIHHHee HJIH KOpo11e.

18
 TiepeaH npnMep1<a

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2* 19
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20
IUHHbl, 3Ha11HT HenpaBHJibHO C)leJiaua
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21
 fipHMepKa pyKaea KHMOHO .

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22
 Haroroeneeue nnarhB

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no JJHHHH raJJHH. nocne roro KaK see cpe3hl
craqaHbl, HX o6MeTbIBalOT, pa3yTIO>KHBaH Ha
,ZJ.Be cropOHbl. .UeraJJH, BbIKpOeHHbie H3 OCblfla-
IOllleHCH TKaHH, o6MeTbIBalOT AO CTallHBaHHSI.
Jll3rorosJieHne nnarhH uecno>KHoro <t>aco-
Ha npOH3BO)J.HTCH B TaKOH nocJie,ZJ.OBareJJb-
HOCTH.
1. Cra1111Ba10r BbITallKH H CKJJa,ZJ.OllKH.
CMerKy y,ZJ.aJJsi10r, BbITatIKH. 3ayT10>K118a10r K
cepeAHHe JJ.EITaJJH.
2. Cra11Hsa10r nne11esb1e cpe3bl H yJJ.aJUIIOT
CMerKy. B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT TOJllllHHbl TKaHH
lllBbl 3ayr10>KHBa10r Ha cropoHy CilHHKH HJIH
pa3yTIO>KHBalOT Ha ,!I.Be cropOHbl.
3. CTaqusa10r 6oKOBbie cpe3bI, cMeTKY yJJ.a·
•1HIOT, lllBbl pa3yTIO>KHBalOT.
4. 06pa6aTbIBalOT Bblpea ropJJOBHHbI HJIH .
npHlllHBaIOT BOpOTHHK.
5. CTallHBaIOr BhITatIKH H cpe3bl pyKaaoe.
CMerKy yJJ.aJISIIOT, lllBbI pa3yTIO>KHaaIOT.
6. 06MeTbIBalOT lllBbl pyKaBOB H .neJJaIOT Ha 8
HHX 3acre>KKy. 8
i. Braq11Ba10r pyKasa. CMeTKy Y.ll3JIHIOT,
::IlBbl pa3yTIO>KHBalOT HJIH 3ayTIO>KHB3JOT HX Ha
cropoHy pyKasa.
8. Craq11ea10r nonorH'11ma io6KH. CMerKy
y.J.a.'IHJOT, lllBbl pa3yTIO)KHSaJOT.
9. Op11ra<IHBaJOr 106Ky K JIH<f>y. CMerKy
y.J.a.;1HJOT.
10. Braq11saior MOJIHHIO HJIH .n:ena10r 6oKo·
sy10 3acre)KKy.
11
11. CT0,ZJ.I11Hsa10r HH3 106KH H 3ayTIO:>KHBa10r
ero.
nocJie Toro KaK IlJiaTbe rOTOtBO, ero HY)KHO
oryrJO>KijTb. npu YTIO>KKe HY>KHO HMeTb B BH·
JJ.Y COBeTbl, KOTOpb!e 6yJJ.yr .naHbl .n:aJibllle.
HH:>Ke 6yJJ.eT paccKaaano o TOM, KaK cJie.!lyer
BblilOJIHHTb K3)KJl.YIO 83 nepe1mcJieHHbIX pa6oT.

23
 BuTa'IXN CMet'blHIOT 'laCTYNR CTe>KK3MH, KOHeu HX .11.0JllKeB
eeaaMeTHO cxo.11.HT& ua HeT. Bb1T3'1KY pacnonara10T nocepe·
.D.HHe nneqeaoro cpeaa, H K npHMepKe ee TOJl&Ko aaMeT1:i1ealbT
8blt3'1KY aayTIOlKHBalOT Ha o.nHy cropoHy T3K, 'l'J'.06bl OHa 6"1·
na HanpaeneHa B CTOpOHY 6opta. Ha H3,neJJH!IX H3 TOHKHX
TKaHeii ee MOlKHO pa3ytJOlKHT&, pacKJia,nbleaH nononaM
8blT8llKH H CKJia.u.oqKH Ha OOJIOllKaX
.II.JI.SI roro lfTOOhI nJiaTbe xopowo C8JI.eJio, a
TaKlKe B 3aBH08MOCT8 OT MOJl.bl, cjrnrypbI, cj>acoHa
8 TKaHH, Ha nJielfeBblX cpe3aX H no JIHH8H TaJI88
- ,neJiaIOT BhITatJK8, CKJiaJI.OlfK8 8JI8 c6opK8. Ho He
Beer.Ila HY>KHO cJieno cJie,nosaTb Mo,ne. Ilpe>KJI.e
Bcero CJie.n.yeT np8H8MaTb BO BHHMaH8e oco6eH-
HOCTH qmrypb1. B nJiaTb.SIX JI.JI.SI otJeHb noJIHblX
>KeHlU,8H Ha IlJielfeBbIX cpe3aX peKOMeH.11.yeTC.SI .ne-
JiaTb BbITatJKH. ,llJIH xy.LJ.hIX >KeHlll8H JiytJwe JI.e·
JiaTh c6opKH, TaK KaK OHH )leJiaIOT cj>Hrypy He-
MHOfO noJrnee. Ho H noJIHblM >KeHlllHHaM He cJie-
.nyeT 'CJIHWKOIM IlOJI.ttepKHBaTb CBOH cj>opMbI CTpO·
rHMH BbITattKaM8. Ha H3.LJ.eJI8HX H3 MHrK8X weJI-
KOBhIX TKaHeH: Jiyttrne ,neJiaTb c6opK8 8JIH CKJia-
Jl.OtIKH. Ha H3Jl.eJIH.SIX H3 TOJICThIX TKaHefl (Ha
naJibTO HJIH >KaKere) Ha nJietieBhIX cpe3ax Heoo-
24
B H3.11.e.JIH!IX H3 TOJICTblX TKaHeil BblT3'1Ky, ecnH TO'IHO ycra·
HOBJleHbl ee .11.JJHHa, WHPHH3 H HanpasneHHe, pa3pe3alOT He AO
KOHl(a H pasynolKHBIJOT
BMeCTO BblTa'IKH MOlKHO .nenaT& .nse o.nnHaKOBO rJiytioKHe
CKJJ3llO'IKH. 0HH pacnonaraiotcll npan.~en&uo JJ.pyr .npyry no·
cepeitHHe nne'lesoro cpeaa. B aaBHCHMOCTH or qmrypbl OHH
MoryT 6b1Tb JlJIHHHee HJIH Kopoqe
XOJl.8MO .n.eJiaTb BbITatIKH. f Jiy6HHa, )l.JI8Ha 8
cj>opMa BbITalJKH onpe)l.eJIHIOTC.SI cj>HrypoH. Ilo:no-
MY BhITatJK8 cratJHBaTb .no npHMepK8 He cJieJI.yer.
Bo apeMH npHMepK8 yTOtIH.SleTc.SI, KaK Jie>KaT Bbl-
TattK8. E<:JIH Ha BbIKpOHKe cJ1.eJiaHbl BblTatIKH, a
JI.Jiff cj>8rypbl Jiyttwe c,neJiaTb CKJia)lOtIK8, TO H3-
JIHWeK TKaHH, npe.ll.H33HalleHHblH JI.JI.SI noJJyqeHH.SI
BhITattK8, MO>KHO 3a6paTh B CKJia.ll.OtJK8. BhITatJKY
CMeTblBalOT MeJIK8MH, ttaCTblMH CTe>KK3M8, lJT06bl
npH crallHBaHHH oHa He C.LJ.B8raJiach. CratJHBaTh
BblT3lJK8 o6hll!HO HalJHHalOT caepxy BHH3, CBOJl..SI
cTpOttKy K KOHUY Ha Her. OtieHh aa>KHO BbITatIKY
xopowo OTYTIO)K8Tb. 3TO MO:lKeT 6b1Tb C)l.eJiaHO
pa3JI8llHhIMH cnoco6aMH. Ha 83)1.eJIHHX 83 TKaHeii
cpe,nHeH: TOJilllHHbl BblT311KY 3ayTIO>KHBa10T o6bll!-
HO Ha OJI.HY cropOHy (a cropoHy 6opra). Ha H3-
 .11eJitu1x H3 TOHKHX TKaHeu ee pacKJiaJlbIBalOT no·
noJiaM H paayTJO>KHBaJOT TaK, 11T06bl lllOB HaXO·
.!lHJICSI oocepe.n.nHe. Ha na.n.eJIHSIX H3 TOJICTblX TKa·
Heu BblTallKY pa3pe3aIOT, He .ll.OXO;ZJ.SI Ha 2 CM ;ZJ.O
ee KOHU.3.
IlJielleable cpeabl cnHHKH co6upa10T Ha HHTKY
HJIH CYTIO>KHBalOT.
IlJielleBble cpe3hl IlOJIOl!eK Tll\aTeJibHO pac-
npaBJISllOT ff CMeTbIBalOT c nJielleBbIMH cpeaaMH
·cnHHKH.
IlpH CMeTbIBaHHH cpe30B He CJie.n:yeT pacno-
JiaraTh nocaJJ,KY COHHKH 6JJH3KO K ropJIOBHHe.
CMeTblBaH nJietieBbie cpeabl, He npnMeTblsalOT
npunycKH Ha BblTallKH, l!T06bi nocne npHMepKH
HX MO:>KHO 6blJIO CTallaTh, He Bb!Jt.eprnsaH CMeTKH.
B HeKOTop~:x; cnyt1asrx M():>KeT soaHHKHYTh He·
.llnll paBROMepRoro pacnpe.11e.neHHll noca.nKH no .nnaHe nne'le•
aoro cpeaa .11ena10T cOop101. COopKH MOlKHo pacnpeAeJIHTb HJllf
no eceli AJIHHe cpe3a, HJIH JKe TOJibKo e cepe.nHHe el'Q. S ' • ·
.ne,l!JleM CJiyqae MOlKHO .a.ena I b cOopKH B 6 p11.noa, . ., ffCCTO>I·
BHH 0,5 CM o.nHR OT .npyrorQ '·
nneqeeoA cpea CRHHKH ecer.na H~No>: tfoJibWe mreqeeoro
cpe3a ROJIO'IKH, nOCJJe Toro K8K Ria ·•e•. .c6aJIOlKeHa BblT8'1K8.
np11 CT8'1HB8HHH RJle'leBblX meoe ·~ BblT8'1eK UJle'leBble Cpe•
Sbl CRHHKH noca>KHB8IOT
o6XO.llHMOCTb C;ZJ.eJI3Tb BblTa'llKH HJIH CKJia;ZJ.Oll-
KH Ha nnelleBblX cpeaax H ropJIOBUHe COHHKH.
B 11acTHOCTH, 3TO 6hlBaeT tteo6xo.n.eMo s Tex CJJ.y-
11asrx, KorJJ,a nnaThe lllbiOT Ha cyTyny10 ct>urypy.
Tor,11.a OJielleBble cpeabl H ropJIOBHHY COHHKH Hy:>K-
HO ,lleJiaTb lllHpe, lleM no BblKpOHKe. )lJIH 3TOfO
BblKpOHKY paononaralOT Ha paCCTOHHHH 1 CM .OT
Kpaff TKaHH, H Ha o6pa30BaHHe BblTalleK HJIH
0Kna.n.011eK ocraercsr 2 cM. Ecn11 nnst cyrynou 11>11·
rypbl Tpe<SyeTCSI yiseJIHllHTb lllHPHHY cnHHKH TOJlb-
KO BBepxy, TO BblKpOHKY pacnonara10r Ha TKaHH
raK, l!T06bl BHH3Y OHa COBOa)l.aJia c KpaeM TKa·
H.H, a ssepxy Haxo,11.unacb OT Hero Ha paccr·oHHHH
1 CM. IlOCJie CTal!HBaHHH BhlTalleK HJIH CKJiaJJ.OlleK
Bb!KpOHKY CHOBa HaKJiaJt.blB3IOT Ha .n.eraJib H Bbl·
peaaIOT ropnoBHHY..
Xopomyio cl>opMy np11.11.aioT cnHHKe CKJlaAO'IKH. OHK
coeepweHHO He3aMeTHbl, ecnu HX c.11enaTb e BHJle
MeJlKHX BblTa'leK H CBeC"rH ua Be'!'.•
fineqeeoA WOB B saBHCRMOCTH QT MOTROCTH )(8·
TepHaJla pa3yrlOlKHB8IOT HJIH sarJlalKH88IOT B CTO-
pouy cnBBIUl
 Coe~uueuue ~eTaneA

noc.'le TOfO KaK BC51 npe.lB8p11T('.TlbH851 pa60T8 Bbl·

no.rnella spy 1rnyJO, ..'1.C'Ta.111 CTal.JHBaJOT Ha MawnHe. To.1b-

j-
KO H3.le.11151 113 6apxaTa, Kpymes 11.111 TOHKoro weJJKa,
hOTOpbll' 11y;1rno o6pa6aTb!BCITb 'IPC3Bb!l.J2iiHO ocropO)l{llO,
~10ryr Ob!Th C,le.1a11b1 u.e.'lllKO!\l spy411yJO. Py1.J11aR o6pa-
6on;a npe.lOXpal!Rl'T TKaIIb OT OCbin2111151 Kpaes, l.JTO
06b11.J110 c.1y1.JaeTC5I np11 pa6ore Ha :-.1aw1111e. Bpy411yto pe-
a KO!\ll'H.lyercR WllTb 1mpoTKoi1 11r.1oii II ,lC.'12Tb Me.'JKHC
CTl'lt\Kll. 06bll.JIIO nepBblil coe.:.t111111re.'lbllbtii WOB ,le.'la!OT
Oll'TOl.Jllbl!\111 CT(';+;Ka!\111; Te'.\l ca'.\lbl'.\I .lOCTHraeTC51 np04·
11ocTb wsa . Ec.111 npu He.lOCTaTKc TKaHH Tpe6yeTC51 c.ne-

-
.1aTb 0.lIIY .lCTa.lb 113 ,:rnyx OTpC31\0B Tai{, l.JTOObl :no 6bJJIO
lll'3a~1erno, TO 11x cw11saJOT n CTbtf\. TaK11e coe.lllHeHHSJ
1aw.c Bccro ,.lc.1aJOT ua TKaH51X ;i_.151 na.'lbTO. Kpa51 ,u.syx
·1

OT!:.C3KOB COB!\ll'W.aIOT II CWllBaIOT C 11311allOl.JllOiI CTOpOllbl

6 1IaCTbl!\lll II r.1y60hll!\lll CTCilO\a'.\111. 3aTe:\I 0Tpe3KH TKaHH

pacrnr11BaJOT Tar: Cll.lbllO, l.JTOUbl Kpa51 llX CO:\IKllYJJHCb.

Wos noLJrn 11e3a'1eTe11 c .111uesoii cropo11h1. Ee.in )Ke
llYJKllO COl'.lll ll llTb TK211b no KpO!\IKe, TO WOB ,le.'JaJOT 1.Jac-
Tbl:\lll CTC:.+:l\a'.\111 1.Jepc3 KP,.\ii 11.111 . COC'.lHll5llOT KpaR B
CTbl K, nooi;epe,1.HO 33Xl')'~tbt~irn Hr.1oil TO O;J,llH, TO ;:i.pyroil
Kpaii. ..

llieeAuasi Mawuua
Ymrnepca.1hHh1e wseiiH1:>1e :\1aw1rnb1 xorn H 6b1sa101
pa311006pa31lb!X CllC"l'e:-.1, HO OHll 11e OT.'IHl.J8IOTCR ,u.pyr OT
Jpyra 11acTO.lbKO. l.JTOObl !\fO)KitO 6bJ.10 rosopHTb 0 KaKHX·
TO KOpeIIJlblX pa3.111'11151X. OnHCblBaTb 3;iec1> M2WHHY JlO
:-.1c.1h1.Jaiiw11x .:i.eTa.1eii 11eue.1ecoo6pa3HO, Tai< Kai< K K3)1{·
.lOll !\18Wllll(' np11.1araeTC5I llHCTPYKUH51, KaK elO n0.1b30-
BaTbC51 . Do Ma.1e1IhKO'.\I)" Kpl04Ky Ha nopwHeBOH WTaHre
y3Ha10T, c KaKoii cTopoHhl 3anpaB.l5ITb !\taw1rny: c.'lesa Ha·
npano llJlll cnpasa 11a.1eso. Wny.1hKY 32K.'12.ClhIBa!OT B
1.JC.1HOK II BCTaB.151JOT B :\JaWl!iiy TaK, KaK :no CK232HO B
J111crpyKu1111. Bepxu5151 11 HlliKH5151 HHTKll ;i.o,1)1{Hbl 6hJTb
O.JllllaKOBOli TO.lllUIHbl. Ilpe)l\;le I.JC!\! no;t.10>KHTb H3,U.e.111c
no;.i .1anKy ~taWllllbl, l!)'il\HO H3B.'lel.Jb Hll>KHIOJO HHTKy .
.rr.151 ::iroro, npu;il'p;irnsa51 KOl!C'U sepxHeH HHTKH, H)")KHO
onyCTllTb 11ro.'1KY ;10 KOHU2, a 3aTeM Il0,il.H51Tb ee, - npH
3TO~I BbJTaUUITC51 HH)!OIRff HHTKa, K2K 3TO noKa3aHO Ha
cpoTO. npe)K.le 'IE':\! 11242Tb WHTb, .1eBoii pyKOii OTBO.l51T
o6e HJITKll 11a3a.l. Dpo611a51 cTp04Ka Ha Kyco1.JKe TKaHH
n0Ka11.:er, a nop51;iKe .111 HaTR>KeH11e HHTOK. Ec.IJH HaTR·
)KE.'11111? aepxHeii 11 HlliKHE.'ii llllTOK 0.lHll2KOBO, TO c npasoi1
II .1l'BOi"I cropo11 CTC')Kl\11 6y.lyT 0.lllH2KOBbl (a); Kor;ia >Kt?
Harn:+:e1rne 0.lHOii H3 HllTOK 60.lbWe, 1.Je!\t .lpyroit, TO O,l.Hy
HJ l!llTOI\ !\IO)K!IO .1erKO Bbl,lepHyTb H3 CTp04KH (6, B).
Harnil\e1111e HllTOI\ 3a1rncHT OT TO."IlUl!HbI TKaHH . Ero H\">l<-
Ho TlUaTc:11.>110 pery.111poaaTb. Ec.rn CTe>KKll 11eO.lH11aKOBbJ,
TO B03~10ihl _IO. 4TO 11r~1a BCTaB.1eHa HesepHO, nornyTa,
3arYm1.1ac1.> 11.111 )Ke 11e cooTsercrever To.1m1111e HHTKH
;i:.11i TKaHn. Bee 3n1 11e,locTaTKH c.1e.;i.yeT HcnpaBHTb.

26
 eo
.l"'
oi" '
\ i a e AeT8JIH c KpOMKIMH CWHBI·
IOT MeJIKHMH CTelKKIMH
Kpal WIH B CTlllK
11epe1

.~.1"~
··~''
-~JI
1·~

COe.llHJIHTeJlbHYe WBY JleJ(llOT TOJICTYe TK8HH MO:>KRO He38MeT·

HROr.zta epy'IHYIO HO coe,AHHHTb B CTYK, npow11aa11
HX c B3H8HOllHOA cropOHY

27

.Mameeeyio CTpOqKY npoKJiaJlblBaIOT
CMeTKOA llJill Toro, qT06bl HHTKY CMeTKH MOlKHO
Oti1.iio JJerKo y;i.aJJHTb
flpocToA WOB pasynollCRBaJOT, BO ecJIH ero HyERO
BblJleJlHTb K3K <PatOHHblA, TO era 33YTio:lKHB3lOT Ha
OABY CTOpoey e oTCTpaqeealOT
DpocT1>1e .mebl
flpe>K]le lleM CTJ>011HTb OT,nenbHble ,zteTanH H3·
AMHR Ha MaWHHe, Heo6X0.!1HMO BbIHYTb ace nHW·
HHe HH'JIKH CMeTKH, npoJJO>KeHHble no KOHTypaM
,lle~aJieH, JJHHHRM KapMaHOB H T. D. Ilocne TOfO
KaK H3.!leJJHe 6y.lleT npocrpo11eHo Ha MaWHHe, 3TO
CAM8Tb 3H81JHTMbHO TPY.!1.Hee. no 31'0H >Ke npH·
IJHHe CTpollaT He no OMeTKe, a HeMHoro OTCTYDH
OT Hee, - TOr.!la CMeTKY Ol!eHb nerKO y.!laJIHTb.
ECJIH see >Ke B HeKoTopblX Mecrax CMeTKa 6y.lleT
. npHxBalleHa MaweeHoii cTpOl!Koii, To ee HY}l<HO
paapeaaTb H Bbl,llepHyTb OT.!leJibHblMH KOpOTKHMH
HHTOl!:K8MH. Ilpocroii WOB -3TO B 60JJbWHHCTBe
cJiyl!aea coe.U.HHeHHe .!J.BYX CJIO>Ke'HHhlX BMeCTe
11acreii TKaHH. Bee JIKHHH, KOTOpble .!lOn>KHbl
6b1Tb Heaa1MeTHbl, CWHBaJOT npOCTblM· WBOM H XO·
powo ero paarna>KHBaIOT. ECJIH npHnycK'H Ha
WBbl noCJie ucnpaa.llelhlii npu npHMepKe nonyqH·
PllllOM co
JIHCb WHpoKHMH}' TIJ HX DO.!lpe3aJOT, OCTa•BJIHR WH·
i>HHY He OOlre~ 1,5 CM. Ha H3rH6ax WOB .!leJiaJOT
y>Ke J1.IUI roro, l!:T06bl He 6blno HaTH>KeHHH.
J(t'ia.1111 H3.llMHH H3 TOHKHX TKaHeii H npe>K.11e
Dteto ,lleTa.IIH 6enbR COe.!lHHHIOT B 60.IIbWHHCTBe
CJiyl!aeB .llBOHHblM WBOM. IlpH STOM CHalla·
na npoKJiaJlblB8IOT CTpOllKY c .IIHUeBOH CTOpOHbl,
HeMHoro OTCTynaH OT KpaH JleT2JIH; aaTeM H3.!le·
JIHe BblBOpal!HB8JOT Ha H3HaHKY H npOCTpal!HBa·
JOT eiue pas TaK, llT06bl nepaaH cTpo11Ka OKa3a·
nacb BHYTPH waa. Ec.llll TKaHb nerKo ocblnaio·
IUaHCH, TO nOCJie CTal!HBaHHH KpaR 00.!J.peaaIOT,
HHal!e llIOB 6y.u.e-r HeaKKypaTHbIM.
Ilepe,ll reM KaK npO.IIO>KHTb Bropy!O CTpOl!:KY,
TKaHb HY>KHO npor.11a.nHTb yTJOroM ·u .!la>Ke aaMe·
raTb. B mo6oM c.11y11ae nepsaH crpol!Ka .110.11>Ki:ia
HaXO.!lHThCH Ha crn6e waa.
3anoWHBOl!HblH lllOB (npHMeHHeTCH B OCHOB·
HOM )l.JIH 6eJibH) )le.llalOT 06bll!HO c DOMOl.IJ.blO cne·
nnaJJbHOH .11anKH. IlpH 3TOM )letaJIH CKJia)l.blBalOT
JIHneBblMH cropoHaMH BMecre TaK, l!T06bl KpaH
HH>KHeif )leTa.11n Bblcrynan Ha 4 MM. JlanKa aaao·
pal!HBaeT BblcrynaJOmnif Kpau, H cnpaaa nony·
llaercH yaKHH wos. 3areM mos pacnpas.1st10T n
BHOBb 3aKJia)lblBaJOT no.n. nanKy, KOTOpast 3380·
pal!nsaer Kpaii sropoii pa3. ECJIH 3anowneol!Hb1it
WOB crpol!aT c 06bll!HOH JiaaKOH, TO CHal!aJia coe-
JlHHRIOT )letaJIH npOCTOH CTpOl!KOH, BblnycKaH
Kpaii HH.>KHeii .n.eraJIH Ha 0,4-0,5 CM , 3areM, 3a-
rnya wnpoKHH Kpaii, npoKJI3JlblBaJOr sropy10
crpol!Ky.
 3anomHBO'IB1idl mos crp0'18T npH noMoIUH cneunan&·
ROI nanKH. Ee CT3BJIT BMecTO 06bl'IHOll

CJJOlKHblC WBbl Ilp« COe.llHReRHR ,11eraneft .llBOARYM WBOM RY'fCRO

·~,=.-· · . · CR8'18Jl8 CT8'18Tb HX Cpe3Y c JIHll8, noTOM R3JleJtHe
s1i1eepHyrb, woe BYnpa!IHTb R eme pu nponolKHT&
lJT06hl nonyqHfb ct>acoHHhlH woe, r..J~.n~~ CTpO'IK)' C R3B3BKR

CTpoiiaT OObl'IHhlM WBOM, 3an••-~toT Ha

O.llHY CTOpOHy, 3aMeTblBaJOT •tiko)UIMyJO WH·
puny <1>aconnoro wea H crpMaT BTOpH'IHO.
IllHpHna CTpO'IKH MO>KeT 6b1Tb pa3JIH'IHOH.
KpaH na 3ayrJ0:>1<eHHblX lll&ax o6bl'IHO 3a-
.llMb1BaJOT BMecTe; y H3.lleJIHH H3 DJIOTHblX
TKaHeii HH>KHHH Kpaii wea DO.llpe3aJOT )lO lllH·
pHHbl 0,5 CM, 'IT06bl OH Jle:>KaJI poeHee.
<l>acoHHblMH meaMH MO>KHO coe.ztHHHTb qac-
TH H3.llMH.!1 HJIH OTJJ.eJiblBaTb KpaH Bhlpe3a.
B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT csoero Ha3Ha'leHHH ax itena-
JOT pa3JIHllHOH wHpHHhl. B TOM cnyqae, Kor.n.a
.q,acOHHhlM WBOM OT)teJiblBaJOT Kpali Bblpe3a,
npoBO.llffT TaKyJO :>Ke IlO.llrOTO'BHTeJlbHYIO pa6o-
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29
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30
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32
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38
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40
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A. SIHYW 1883-5
41
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42
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43
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46
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47
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48
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A. "HYW 1883- 6 49
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M3WHHe npOCTOH CTpO'IKOii lllHpll-
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50

3aKpyrneHHNe HnH npllMNe Kpall
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BHYTPh u non.urnea10T npocTblMH DO)lKJiaJJ,KH 32.U.eJibIBa!OT TeCbMOH.
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flpu 3aAeJlbJBaHHH 3aKpyrJJeHHblX HX KpaH.
Kpaee, JlJIH Toro 11ro6b1 coxpaHHTb

51
 npH H3rOTOBJJeHHH neTeJlb CHa'laJJa HY>K-
TieTJIK 06MeTblB3IOT CH3'13Jl3 peJlKllMH,
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a aaTeM '!aCTblMH neTeJJbHblMH CTelKK3NH,
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npaeo. TiepeJlHllll 'lactb nernH HMeer aa-
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HOM KOHUe neTJIH CT3B!IT 33KpenKy

Pa3JJH11Hble

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BHJla nereJih: BblMeTHble H 06 -
raqHbie. ,UJIHHa neTJIH AOJI)KHa
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B3IOT ff nOJ1WHB3IOT
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HMeJia 3aKpyrneHHYIO ct>opMy,_ B
.3TOM Mecre HHTKY ryro 38Tffnt·
eaior.

52
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no KOHTYPY neTJJH · . pe,!1.HHe Me)l{,!J.y CTpO'IKaMH, . a Ha KOHuax
Ha.npe3alOT TpeyrO.'lbH1£!.~H. 3aTeM:
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53
 IlOT8HH8H aacTe>KKa .

Ha HeKOTOpbIX 113ne.mrnx .rr.eJia!OT

noTaHHYJO 3acre)l{Ky. nerJIH .UJIH ra-
KOH 3acTe)l{KH 1BbinOJIHHJOT Ha nJiaHKe.
B 60.1bIIJHHCTBe cJiy4aes HX o6MeTbI-
·BaJOT, HO HHOr.ua o6rainrna!OT TIOJIOC--
KaMH TKaHH. 06e 'IIaCTH 3acTe)l{KH 3a-
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OJiaHKY c neTJIHMH uaKJia.rr.wsaJOr
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KpaH H3.ZleJIHH, HHa'IIe ee oyii.eT •BH.Zl-
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JIHMH IJJiaHKY npHKpenJUllOT MaJieHb-
KHMH 3aKpenKaMH; ECJIH nJiaHKY npH-
Ta4HBaJOT, ro BHatJaJie ee HY)l{HO-
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KH, 'IIT06bl H30e)l{3Tb CJl.BHra TKaHH.
c JIHU.eBOH CTOpOHbl CTpO'IIKY 3aKaH'IIH-
BalOT yrnoM. DyrOBHUbI .ZlOJI)l{HbI Jie-
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4HT MeCTO nyroBHl.{bl OTMe4eHO Hesep-
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nyrOBHUbl npHlllHBalOT K .llBOiiHO"' 1:1

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H3HaHO'IIHOH CTOpOHbI llO.ll.lIIH~/llj~-
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(CM. <Poro).
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npHlIIHBa!OT Ha «HO:>KKe», KOTopy!O
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K nyroBHIJ,aM c .ll.BYMH oOJibWHMH
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recbMbI, lIIHypa H.c111 KO:>KH. KoHUbl
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T3CKHB3!0T Ha H3H3HOlJHYIO cropoHy
li3.Zle.'IHH H 3aKpen.1HIOT.
DyroBHUbl, npelIH33H34eHHble 11nH
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KH».

nnaHKY H noJlKJiaJlKY Ha noraiiHoii nnaHKY npHWHBalOT K eepxHeii HJIH

3acre>KKe OTJleJibHO OKaHTOBblB3IOT HH>KHeii t1acrH 3acre>KKH. Ha cnop-
TeCbMOH HJIH noJIOCKaMH TKaHH. THBHblX KOCTIOMaX crpO'IKY npOKJia·
neTJIH BblMeTblBalOT HJIH OliT3'lHBa· Jlblea10r c JIHlleeoii cropoHbl Ha He-
10r Ha nnaHKe . KOTOpOM pac<:TORHHH OT nereni.

54
KaK npuwueaT&
nyroeH~bl

lfro6bl H3MeTHTb MeCTa pacnOJIOJKeHHll

nyroeHU, H3KJl3Jlb1B3IOT OJlHH 6opT Ha
Jlpyroii, COBMeUlall JIHHHH cepeJlHHbl
nepe)la, H BK3Jlbl83IOT 6ynaeKH B Ka>K-
JlYIO neTJllO Ha paccTOllHHH 3 .M.M OT
KOHUa neTJIH

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nyrOBHUbl c JlBYMll HJIH qerblpbMll OTeepCTHllMH npH-
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83IOT, «HO>KKY» o6BHB3IOT HHTKOA HeCKOJlbKO pa3 H
33KpenJJRJOT

55
 npH H3rOTOBJJeHHH B03.!lYWHblX neTeJJb AeJJalOT
OCHOBy H3 HeCKOJlbKHX HHTOK H o6MeTblB8IOT HX
118CTblMH nereJJbHblMH CTelKK8Mll
· ~-- .
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Aen&uo . .llm1 9Toro pynHK pupe3a10r Ha orpe3KH ·
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. neTJJIO H npHWHB8IOT K H3AeJIHIO c H3H8HOllHOI! CTO·
poHbl. Konubl nereJi& np11Kp&1sa10r no.~ocKol'! run11
56
.lln11 neren& 113 TKaHH e1>1ra11Hea10r pyn»K. Ha
H3.[leJIHRX H3 TOHKHX TKaHeH ero npHKpenJJSllOT
BAOJlb Kpa11 Ha paBHblX paccTOBHHRX
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neTJIHM OTHOCSITCH neTJIH H3 HHTOK H neTJIH H3
pymfKa. Ho TOHKH(i poBHblA pyJUJK MO>KHO -c.a.e·
JiaTb He H3 BCHKoA TKaHH. 0 OeTJin us HnTOK
pacnonaralQT 6JI·H3KO .ZJ.pyr K .n.pyry. PasMep
DeTJIH .ZJ.OJI>KeH COOTBeTCTBOB8Tb pasMepy nyro·
BHUbl. TKaHb saxeaTblBaJOr nronKaA rny6oKo,
'lTOt5bI neTJIH He a6pb188JIHCb. .llJIH MaJieHbKHX
DJIOCKHX llYraB.HU neTJIH TO}Ke Jl,eJiaJOT KOpOT·
KHMH H DJIOCK!HMH. B03.!J.YWHble neTJIH MO>KHO
6bICTpo c.ZJ.eJiaTb KplOllKOM. Opn usroroeneHHH
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DOJIOCKY TK3HH, npocrpallHB8IOT ee Ha paccTOH·
HHH OT 3 AO 5 MM . OT KpaH H BblBOpallH88IOT Ha
JinueeyJO CTOpOHY c DOMO!nblO 38KpenJieHHOH Ha
KOHUe .ZJ.BOHHOH HHTKIH (pHCYHOK cneea). IlpH·
nycK Ha woe sanonusier pynnK. PyJJHK HeJib3SI
rJia,ll;HTb Ha JJ.OCKe.
11.nH Toro 1JT06bl .pa3rna.ZJ.HTb pynHK, yrior
HaKphIB3JOT BJia>KHOH TK3Hbl0 H OCTOpO>KHO, IJTO·
Obi crpo'!Ka He nonHyna, pacrsirHeaior Ha.n. na-
poM.
nernu cne.D.yer npuKpenJIJITb K Kpaio us.n.e·
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3acre>1<KH 6y.n.yr pacxo.n.HTbCSI. OeTJIH H3 TOJI·
CTOH TK3HH .n.enaJOT epyllHYIO (CM. pucyHOK).
,llJISI 3TOro KOCYIO DOJIOCKY TKaHH CKJ18JlblB8IOT
nononaM M H3 Hee .n.enaior nnoTHblH pyJIHK.
 KaK o6TarHeaTb nyroBHUbl

IlpH ot5TllrHBaHHH nJIOCKllX 4epee11HHblX nyrOBHU Bb1Kp8HBaJOT

H3 TK8HH KPYlKOK, JlH&MeTp Koroporo a 4aa pa3a t5onbwe
JlHaMerpa nyroeHUbl, sareM ero cot5HpaJOT Ha HHTKY Ha HeKo-
ropoM pacCTOllHHH OT Kpa11, CTllrRB810T H saKpenJilllOT

... '. .;._

.-
. ,llaoAHble nyrOBHUbl (sanOHKa) coe-
JlHHlllOT HHTKaMR, Haqano HHTKH
38Bll3blB8lOT ysnoM. 3aTeM HHTKH
nnOTHO Ot5MeTblB8IOT nerenbHW1'1H
CTell<K8MH

Ha rna.a.KyJO qacTb nyroeHUbl HaTRrHeaior cot5paH• Ha ot5paTHYIO cropoHy ot5r11HyroA TKan&io nyroe11-
HblA Kpy:JKoqeK HS TKaHH. BropoA qacT&JO nyroBHUbl Ubl MOlKHO H8WHTb DOJIKJ18JlOqHy10 TKaHb. Ec.nll
KpenKO npH>KHMBIOT ero K nepaoA nyrOBHUY npOWHTb HHTK8MH Toro >Ke HJIH HHOro
ueeTa, oHa ·e&1rn11JXHT HapRJlHee, a Kpau ee poeHee

A. l!HYW 1887-7
57
 KHODKH
KHonKH AOJUKHbI xoporno 3acreru-
saTbCH, no3TOMY npHrnHBSTb HX HY>K-
HO Ha ABOHHOH CJIOH TKaHH. ,llJIH
3TOro ROA HH>KHHH Kpaif H3AeJIHSI
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My. ,llJJH TOro llT06bi MeCTO npHllIHBa
sepxHHX qacteif KHOflOK 6blJIO He3a-
MeTHO c JIHU.eBOH CTOpOHbl, B Kpau
H3JleJIHSI, Me>KAY OCHOBHOH TKSHbIO,
BCTSBJISIIOT IlOJIOCKY RJIOTHOH ROAKJIS-
JlO'IHOH rKaHH. KHonKH npnrnHsa10r,
AeJISSI He MeHee RSITH CTe>KKOB B Ka>K-
AOe orsepcrue. Mecra pacnoJio.>KeHHH
BepXHHX ROJIOBHHOK KHOilOK HaMella-
IOT 6yJlaBK2MH HJIH MeJIOM, eCJIH 3TO
803BOJIHeT TKSHb. 3ateM OJlHH Kpaii
3acre.>KKH HaKJISAblBSIOT Ha Apyrou,
nporJia.>KHB2IOT H teM CSMblM OTMe-
qa10T Mecra HH.>KHHX OOJIOBHHOK KHO-
OOK. Me>KAY BepxHHMH H HHmHHMH
llSCTHMH KHOflOK AOJI.>KHO 6b1Tb o6H3a·
TeJibHO ·. OAHHaKOBOe paCCTOHHHe.

Mecro npl1WHDa HHlKHeii '18CTH KHOOKH 0603aa~

11aerc11 nronKoli 11epea oruepcrn11 a sepxHelt '18·
CTH KROIDUt'

BepXHIOIO '18CTb KHOOKH npHWHB8IOT TBK, 'IT06bl

CTelKKll 6blJIH He3aMeTHbl c JIHUeBoA cropOHbl. 3a-
CTelKKa Oy.ner npo'!Hee, ecnn npocrpo11Htb eepxHHli
KpaA H3lleJJHll (3acrernuaeMblii)

58
 Kp10'1KB a oeTAB

Ha eepxHeM Kpae sacrelKKH npHWHaaior

KplOllKH, a Ha HHlKHeM - .11e.na10T ManeHb•
KHe neTnH H3 HHTOK

Kp101IKH H nerm:1 npe.ncraBJIRJOr

co6oli O'IeHb xpenKy10 3acre>1<Ky, oco-
6eHHO, ecJIH OHH npHWHTbl enepeMe>K-
Ky. Hx ecer,!la npHWHBaJOT K JJ;BY~
CJIORM TK3HH . .LI.o npHWH1BaHHR •Kit;
Kp!O'IKOB H nerenb HY>KHO ;·-~~n
pa3eecrH e cropoHbl, Tor.na OHH 6y.nyr
6onee ycrolitrHBbl. Ha eepxHeM Kpae-
H3AeJIHR npHWH·BalOT Kp!O'IKH, Ha
HH>KHeM (c H3H8HOIJ:HOH cropOHbl) -
netJIH. l1To6bl KpaH aacrerttyl'oro H3-
.!lMHR .He pacXO.llHJIHCb, neTJJH npHWH-
B3IOT, HeCKOJlbKO •Bbl,niBHHYB HX 38
Kpaft Ha.nenuR, a Kp!O'IKH - orcrymt
(1f KpaR. IleTJIH npHWHB8IOT IJ:3CTblMH
cre>KK3MH 33 ywKH, a KpJOqKH - 33
BhlTRHyry10 'IaCTb H ywKH • .LI.mi npo'I-
HOCTH M<>JKHO npHWHB8Tb HX nereJib-
HhlMH cre:>KK3MH. Ecnu HY:lKHO, 1J:to61>1
IleTJIH 6blJIH Mano 33MeTHhl, TO HX.
MO:lKHO o6MeT3Tb, a c H3HaHOIJ:HOH CTO-
pOHbl 33Kpb1Tb nonocKoii TKaHH. Ecnn
Kp3R 3acre:H<KH HaKJiaJJ.blB3JOTCR OJJ.HH
Ha .npyroii, TO JJ.eJI8!0T neTJIH H3 H-H- Kp1011KH u nernH, npHWHTble anepeMelKKy, Mano 38MerHw . ecnH
TOK. c H3H8HOllHOA CTOpOHbl OOMOlKHTb OOJJOCKY Marepu llJl8

59
 KaK o6pa6oTaTb pasJJuqe1:11e
Bblpe3hl ropJJOBHBbl

Cyw.ecrey10T paanuqu1i1e cnoco6bl o6pa6otKH

Bblpeaoe. tfaw.e ecero ax 06pa6ar1i1ea10T KOCblMH
. nonocKaMH HJJH nonocKaMH, BblKpoenHblMH no
'IJopMe Bblpe3a. Kocble nonocKH nerKo npHHH·
MaIOT J1106y10 <IJopMy. Hx npHTa'UfeaioT K Kpaio
Bblpe3a c JJHUeBOH CTOpOHbI. BropoA Kpaii no-
JIOCKH DOJJ.WH88IOT HJIH >Ke o6MeTbl88IOT H 38·
TeM npeKpeOJJSllOT K H3,neJJHIO B ueCKOJJbKHX
Meerax.
Ha ocrp1i1x H rynblx yrnax KOCble noJIOCKH npa-
weea10r a co0-1Jim:rsuu c <1>opl.40A eblpe3a. Ilpe
DOMOUJ.H ,J((Jcf.bc DOJJOCOK MO>KHO 38.11.eJJaTb Kpyr-

lfro6bl o6pal5oTaT& ocTpOKOHequwA Bblpe3, npaTaqHea-

Jll:ile ,sM: pucyHoK)' oeaJibHble HJIH OCTpOKOHeq-
IOT AOJleeble OOJIOCKH, CTaqaealOT nOJIOCKH BHH3Y H 00· ~- Bblpe3bl. <l>opMa D0.11.KpOHHhlX DOJJOCOK
pe33JOT H3JIHWKH TK3HH ~i(OJI.>KHa roquo COOTBetCTBOBaTb <1>opMe Bblpe3a .
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60
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62
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63
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64
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67
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YTIO.>KaT ua noAywKe.
118
 npoJIOIKeHHaR nocepeAHHe HHT~a OTMe'l&eT Jiff·
HHIO criiOa M3H>KeTbl. .nn11 o6pa30B3HHll M3H>KeTbl
HH3k0B 6plOK COBMeUl3JOT sepXHIOIO H HH>KIOOIO Jiii·
HHH H CMeTblB3IOT HX

K A.'IHHe «SplOK Ae.n&K>T npHnycK,

paaawA A•DllHoll
WHpHHe MaJllKeTW UJllOC 00.llWRllKa

3arHynd BH)'Tpb HH>KHHll Kpall «Sp10K noAWllB8·

IOT KpetTHKOM; K 33AHeMy Kp311> «SplOK JUlll llpotfHO·
CTH UOAWHB3IOT TeCbM)'

ttTo«Sw M&HlKeTa He OTrH«Sanacb, ee 'C.nerxa orr.na-

>KH&alOT H npHKpeMlllOT

119
 a
KaK rn&JlHTb HSAenHe
YTIO>KKa H WHTbe TeCHO CaRJaHbl Me>KllY CO·
6oA. Bo apeMR pa6oTbl 011eHb 11acro npuxoAHT·
cR nonb30B8TbCR y110roM. nonoMy ace rJ1aJ1.HJ1b·
Hble npHHl.llJle>l<HOCTH llOJl>KHbl 6b1Tb acer.a.a a 06-
paauoaoM nopR.llKe. YTior .nnR rna>KeHHR nnaTbR
.non>KeH 6b1Tb cpe.naero aeca. 011eHb nerKHM YTIO-
roM TPY.llHO xopowo OTYTIO>KHTb HJ.nenHe. D.nst
YTIO>KKH H3JleJJHil HJ TOJICTblX TK8Heil (naJlbTO,
KOCTIOMOB H .11p.) Hy>KeH TH>KeJlblit YTIOr. D.JJR rJla·
JlHJlbHOA JlOCKH H JlOCKH JlJIR rna>KeHHR pyKaeoa
.nenaJOT 11exon HJ nerxo CTHpaioweAcsr TK&HH,
HanpHMep HJ JlbHRHOfO nOJIOTH8. nopTHOA nOJlb·
3yeTcsr ewe .11eyMsr no.u.ywKaMH: ManeHbKoi1 pyll·
HOA (a) H 60JlbWOA (6). D.nR .U.OM8WHeA XOJSIA·
KH J10CT8TOllHO HMeTb MaJteHbKYIO oaaJlbHYIO no·
.!1.YWKy, KOTopyio MO>KHO c.11enaTb caMoA. Ha Heii
xopowo OTrna>KHBaTb oKaT pyKaea, ece 38Kpyr·
JJeHHble .11eTaJ1H nJl8TbR, HanpHMep eopOTHHKH,
oTeopoTbl, no.11nnellHKH H T. .11. Bo epeMsr pa60Tbl
Ha.a nnaTbeM webl pa3rna>1uq1a10T nocne cTallH·
88HHSI c BHyTpeHHeA CTOpOHbl . lliBbl o6bl'IHO pa3-
120
yT10>1<uea10r, ecnH cneu.uanbHO He Tpe6yeTCH
Jarna.llHTb ux Ha 0.!1.HY cTopoHy. B JaBHCHMOCTH
OT TK8HH WBbl MO>KHO CM8llHB8Tb HJIH nporna-
>KHB8Tb 'lepe3 BJl8>KHYIO XJlOOll8T06yMa>KHYIO
TK8Hb. 0TyTIO>KHBaR HH>KHHH xpaA HJ.llenH.11,
HY>KHO noMHHTb, llTO KpaA wea He .!l.OJl>Keff otne-
ll8TblB8TbCSI H8 JIHU.eBoft CTOpoHe. no3TOMY HH>K·
HHA KpaA HJ.u.enHsr 3arna>1<Hea10T ewe .a.o roro,
K8K ero no.11rH6810T JlJIR no.u.WHBKH. 3aMeT8HHblA
crH6 cnerxa ytio>KaT H nocne y.11aneHHS1 cMeTKH
nporna>1<uea10t ewe pal. EcnH Heo6xo.ll11Mo 11po-
rna.11HTb KpaA y>Ke nOJJ.WHTOro HJJJ.eJlHR, TO 3TO
JleJl&IOT Ha 'lleM·HH6y.11& MRrKOM. npu YTIO>KKe
HJJleJIHA H3 nnOTHblX wepCTSIHblX TK8HeH ynor
c CHJIOA H8KJla.ll.blB8IOT Ha H3.ll.eJ1He, HO HM He
BO.ll.RT B38Jl H enepe.!I.. D,pyrue TKaHH, uao6opoT,
TOJI&Ko cnerKa nporna>KHBalOT yTioroM, Ho npo·
BO.!l.RT HM HeCKOJlbKO pa3 no O.llHOMY H TOMY iKe
MecTy.
npaBHJlbHO OTrJJa>KeHHOe nJISTbe npH06peT8·
eT xopOWHH BHJl.
 W.w purna•1111•JOT c HSRaHD'f·
HOA ctopoaw M3AeJIHtl. Ymr MeA·
JleHHO neptCTHJUUOT anepeA; •ITO•
6111 KPBll waa 6w.na llJIOCXRllH, ax
HylKHO npeAHPHTU•HO yua•HKTI>

4106111 xopowo _p83}'TK>lKlfn eue.n11e H3 ro11CToro wepcrnoro

11.arepaana, ero
TKaa.. 8 3.IBRCHMOCTII OT
11yJKHo rnallHT& 11epe3 e11alKHYK> xnon'laro6y1uu1<eyt0
M3TepHana cnerKa npoBO.llRT yrt0rOM no TpRnKe HJIH c CHJIOI H8KA8AWBllOT ero
.llO Tex nop, noKa rpRnKa ee awcoxaer

Oco6euuo TlllaTeJJbHO
ny:arno fJl3.11HTb CKJJ3.11KH.
IlOCJte Toro K3K nO,llWHTblH
HH>KHHH KpaH HJJleJIHJI XO·
powo OTrnalKeH, aaKJJaJlY·
BalOT CKJ13JlKH H CKpeMJI·
IOT BX HecKOJlbKHMB 6ynaa-
K3MH. Cuaqana cKJJaJlKH
CJJerKa nporna>KHBalOT qe-
pe3 BJl3lKHYJO TK3Hb C JIB·
ueaoA cropoHbl, 3areM eUle
pa3 xopowo OT)'TIO>KHB3IOT
c H3H8HKH T3K, 'IT06bl crH6
4To6w nap CKopee HC'lel, no Hl.lleJtHIO cnerKa nocryKRBalOT wen<oli RX CT3JI OCTpblM. TaK Kalt

A. 1111Jm 1113-15
121
noc.ne CHRTHH yr10ra crff6bl CKJJ8.ll0K MOryT OT
napa CHOBa C5YCTpo notepRTb CBOIO octpyio ct>op-
MY ff CT8Tb «KpyrJlblMH>, TO HX nOCTYKHB8IOT
merKoA .110 Tex nop, noKa ue ecqeaHer nap.
npH Y'flO>KKe Kpaee H3.lleJIHR H3 TOJICTOA
rKaHH nocTynaioT TO'IHO raK >Ke. Ecne KpaR
cKJ1a.110K orne11aTaJ1HCb Ha nHueeoA cTopoHe, TO
Hy.>KHo 3To MecTo eme pa3 nporna.D.HTb c HJHaH·
KH BJJ.OJlb CrH6a CKJl3J10K. npH rna>KeHHH H3.lle·
JIHA, y KOTOpblX CKJ18.ll.KH CJ1e.11y10r 0)1Ha 38 .llPY·
roA, peK0MeH.11yeTCR no.it K3>KJtYIO CKJJa.llKY
no.11KJ1a,1tbl88Tb JIHCT 6yMarH, 'IT06bl OHH He
cMornn orne11araTbCH Ha nuueeoA cropoHe. Yrio-
>KHTb nnar&R c nHueeoA croponbl HY)l(HO ecer.rta ·
qepe3 sna>KHYIO TKaHb H HffKOf.113 HeJlb3H rna·
llffTb npRMO . no TKaHH. Ecnff wepcrHRble TKaHH
OT qacToro conpHKOCROBeHHR c yrIOrOM Ha'IHH8·
IOT 6JieCTeTb, TO 3TOT 6JieCK MO>KHO Y.ll.8JIHTb.
llnR 3Toro 6JieCTSIUlHA y11aCTOK HaKpblBalOT
BJJa>KHoA TKaR&IO H cnerKa, 6e3 Ha)l(HMa, nporna-
lKBBaIOT yrioroM. Bna>KHylO TKaH& ne e&1cymH- Jln11 CJTY'l10lKRBallHll coe.!lRRHTe.Jrhffl>IX IUBOB pyxa.
aa R p83JllNHYX fi0.!l06HYX WBOB KCnonb3)'IOT
sa10T OKOHlfaTeJibHO. Or napa 3ayT10lKeHH1J1e OBIJlbBYIO DOJl)'WKy, npKKpenn11eMy10 K llOCKe JlJlll
wepCTRRble BOpCHHKH BHOBb BbUipHMJIRIOTCR H pyJ<aaoa
6necK Hcqe3aer. Bee wepcTRRhle TKaHH c Bblpa-
6orKol Hy>KHO rJI8JUITb TO'IHO no uanpaBJleHHIO.
Bblp86oTKH, oco6eBHO c JIBUeBOA CTOpOHbl. I<o-

Cble .11eraJIH ny>Kno ecer.11a rna.llHTb no nanpae-

neHHIO HHTeA OCHOBbl HJIH YTKa, ror.11a nJJan.e
6yJlet coxpaHSITb npaBHJlbHYIO ct>opMy. 3ro
oco6eHHO Ba.>KHO AJIR I060K, TaK KaK OHH TO H
.11eno BblTJlrHB8IOTCH C3a)lH npH CH.lleHHH.
IOC5Ky, Ha.11ery10 Ha rnaAHJlbHYIO JlOCKY.
paCKJla,llbl88IOT TaK, 11T06bl HHTH TK8HH 8 cepe-
.llHHe ff Ha 6oK&X WJIH B OAHOM HanpaeneHffif,
T. e. napaJIJleJlbHO. I<orAa I06Ka ne>KffT raKHM
o6pa30M, TO xopowo BH.llHbl BblTSIHYTble MeCTa.
OpH nporna>KffBaHHH ex 11epe3 BJ1aJKHy10 TKaH&
I06Ka CHOBa npHHHM3et CBOIO nepeoHallaJlbHYiO
ct>opMy. nepe.ll TeM KaK H3'1aTb rJia.llHTb H3.lle·
nHe H3 HeH3BectHoA TKaHH, Hy>Kno ycrauoBHTb
Ha npo6HoM Kyco11Ke, K8K oHa ce6H seAeT no.11
Y'flOfOM.
OpH 3apauee c.1tenaHeoA .n.e!<aTHpoeire -
o6pa6oTKe MaTepHana napoM - wepCTKHble
TKaHH e npouecce o6pa6oTKH (yBJ1a>1<HenHe,
YTIO>KKa) DO'ITH He CaARTCSI.

122
 OTnapaBaHae 6apxam
OrnapHBIHHe H }'TIO:>KJCY H3Jle.nHA Ha
6apxara BblDOJJHRIOT HHaqe, 'leM H3.lle-
JIHA HJ .npyrHX TK8HeA. npocroA 15apxar
ner11e ot>pa6ar1i1aarb, a pa3JJH'IHble
BHllbl wenKoaoro 15apxara Tpe6yror oco-
6oA o6pa6orKH. BopcKHKH 6apxara
MO>KKO nerKo npHMRTb, H Tor.11a Ha H3Jle·
JJHH aoaHKKH}'T nacbl, Koropble y.nanR-
IOTCR TOJlbKO OTD8pHB8HHeM. no 3TOA
llCe npH'IHHe WBbl Ha 15apxaTe HeJlb3R
pa3rJl8:>KHB3Tb Ha .llOCKe. nnR TOrO 'ITO·
6bl ex paarnaJlHTb, o6bl'IHO craesn yr10r
T8K, '1To6bl MO:>KHO 6blJIO pacnpaBJICH·
HblMH WB3MH CJJerKa K3C8TbCH no.noWBbl
yr10ra.
llioa Ha 6apxare MO:>KHO 0Trna.11HT&
H .npyrHM cnoco6oM. 0JlHH KOHett WB8
npKKpen.1u110T 6ynaaxoA K rna.11HJ1bHOA
nocKe, .npyroA JieplKaT ea secy neaoA
pyKoA H ynoroM CJJerKa npoBO.IUIT no Woa Ha CSapxare iuruyr aopc11111CaMR BRH3 ea
wsy. au1ncyio llleTKy. Ero rom.xo cnenca nporJ18lKRB810T
MolKHO nporna.11HT& 6apxar Ha DleT-
Ke. BMHTHHbl, KOTOphle OCT8IOTCH ea
6apxaTe OOCJle JlJJHTeJlbHOA HOCKH HJJH
BO speMH o6paOOTKH R3.lleJIHH, MO>KHO

Y.D.8JIHTb pa3JJHqHlilMH DYfRNH. nepesep-

fl}'TblH }'TIOr HaKpb1B3IOT MOKpoA TK8Hbl0
H Ha.11 napoM .11eplKaT 6apxaT JJHUeBOA
CTOpOHOA asepx. nap BXO,llKT B TKaHb, H
eopcHHKH BblnpRMJJRIOTCsr. Taxoro lKe
pC3yn&TaTa MOlKHO .llOCTH11&, ecna no-
n.ep:>KaTb 6apxar Hait KaCTp10J1eA c Kena·
tneA BOJlOH. npoBO,llR DleTKOi npOTHB
aopca, 61i1crpee BblDpRMnRIOT eopcBHKR.

.n.111 roro. 11rolibl YJIMHTb Ha liapxare nn-

MllTble Necra, ero D.epiKar lfaJI yi-ioroN, no-
KpwrwN NOKpoA ?pllDKOA

123
 COllEP)KAHHE
Crp. CTp.
llro ay•ao 3RITb o ruau • • • • .s BrnuoA pyKla . • . GB
Ku aw6paTb r1raai. • • • • • • • • 9 Pyxaa KRMOHO • • • • li!l
Heo6XOAH11ble npe.«Merw JI.Jiii WHTllR . 10 npopt3Hble KIPM8Hbl • 70
Ca11tae 11epoK . • • • • • . • • • • 11 KapMauw c KJ1anaua1111 • . • n·
nacr c BblKpoAKIMH • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 Kap11aHw c Hcro11KoA • • • • 72
PaCICJllJU(I BblKpoAKu ua TICIHb H pacicpoA • • 14 Hax.HAHwe rap11a111a1 c n.aaHKoA : ..;.·. 73
npOU8Abl88HHe HHTOK H ClleTWBIHHe Ae11.1eA •
nepBlll DpuMepxa , , . ~ •
16
19
CK.118.\Kll • • • . • • • •
3aKpenn • rpeyrOJlbHHK"
. i4
75
npuMepK& BTl'IHOfO pyKaBI '20 Beepoo6pua1a1e cx.nux11 76
npa11epKa py1aaa KHMOHO • 22 . Bcraeu1a1e CKHAKH • • 77
MaaeiceH • • • • • • • • • nucce •••••• 78
113l'OTOBICHRe nur.. • • • • • 23 3acrelKK8 .MOJIHHll" •
Bwra'IKH u cx.HAO'IKH ua oo.110111Cax. 24 6oKOBOA p83pe3 to6xu • • 80
8blT8'1KH H CKJIUOUH HI CDHHKe , 25 06pa6orxa eepxuero KPlll lo61ru 81
Coe.auncHHe .aerueA • • • 26 npucTerHBllOW.HACll Kpaii IOCSKH • 82
WaeAHaa 11aw11Ha • • • . • • • • •· neTJIH JI.Jiii OORCI • , • • . 83
npocrwe WBY • , , • . • • • • • 28 Pa3.llH'IBble oORca • • • • • • • 84
C..ollCHYe waw • • • • • • • • • • 29 Kax o6r11uyrb npHcK}' • . • • • 85
06pa6orica yraoa .aerueA • 32 n.1011esa . • • • • • • • • • • . 86
Ku ectaaHTb ocrpoxoae11ay10 .aer&Ab 34 PeuetHH (weypoau) crpo11xa 88
K81C coeAHBHTb .1erua. a11e10°'ue yr.nw 35 cl>acoHRH CTpo'IKI II cyTlllC • • 89
Kocwe 00.llOCKH H KIHT • • • 36 OueJ11Ca weuoaoll recbMOA 90
C6opKH • • • • • • • • • • 38 Oraeua xpaa 3y6u11u 91
6ytw • • • • • • • • . • • 39 Orae.na Kpa11 tecroHaMn • 92
38atHOO'llCH H CIUIUO'IKH • • 40 06opKH, BOJllll'lllKll H PIOWH 94
Kaic no.amari. Kpaii u3,1ea11 41 Cl»aCOHHble plOWH • • . • • 96
06pa60TK8 HH3a H3.Ae.IHA • • . • • • • 42 n.1HCCHpoBaHHble 06op1C1t • 97
06pa6orxa 38Kpyr.11euaoro HH38 HJ.-e.llHA 44 KpyllCeao • • • • • • • • 98
C6opa ua recb11y H.118 pe3HHKY • • • • . 46 MepellCKI • . • • • • • . 100
06pa6oru waoa . 48 Coe11.uHure.n i.uaa 1tepel1Ca 101
Pa:UffllRwe ner.llH • • •. • • 52 Ano.11uxa"HR • , 10'2
noraiiHaR 38CTellCK8 , • • • 54 l101100BY H ICHCTO'IKH • • 103
Kaic npemHBITb nyroaa"w • 55 Ku Hl.llBllllT• .lleta.nb •• 10-1
neraH HJ HHTOK HAR py.11111Ca 56 6axpoMa • • • • • • • • • 105
KaK o6rRraaari. oyroaff".. • 57 Mex H KOlU • • • • • • • • 106
KHORICll • • • • • • • • • • 58 no.AO.lle'IHICH H 00.AMblWHllKH 108
Kpto'IKH H neru • . • • • . • • • • • . • • • 59 KaK OOAWHTb OO.llUUKY 110
Kn o6pa6orarb pa:ua11uwe awpelbl rop.110BHHbl • 60 CtelKa . • • • 112
Ku o6pa6oraTb pa3pe3 • • . • • • • • • • • • 62 6plOKH , .• , . • • 114
HopoTHHKH • • • • • • • . • 63 KaK fJllAHTb H3Ae.11ue 120
BoporHHKH H 6opra Ha >Kaxerax 64 Oroapuaauue 6apxara 123
Ku 06pa601arb HH3 pyKaaa • • 66

A. RHgUJ
Mbl lllbEM CAMH

Pe.aaKrop A. H. I'grena
TexH. pe!laKTOp r . .4. BuHOZpadosa
Koppex1op H. H. Paa.,ytc
nepen.i1er xp.O>KHHK:I JO. K. TonAeHUHOBa

C.1taHo e HaCSop 6/Xll-1961 r. Oo.1tnHcaHo K ne11ar11 12/111-1963 r. 5yMara 60X921/ 8.

Cl>H3. n.•1. 15,5. Y'l.·113.!l. ,1. 12,0. TMpa>K 55 000 3K3. Ueua 52 xon. J-13.a. 328. 3aK. 1883
Ko\ICS1111ar nc11aT11 HM. KaM11m1 S1Ky6a. Ka38Hb, y.1. 6ayMaHa, 19, 1963 r.