DC Migration and

Consolidation Discovery
Methodology

BRKDCT-2863

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 Abstract
ƒ Data center migration and consolidation is a major undertaking that
involves many different, often complex, components and technologies
ƒ Careful planning is a critical phase during which a solid
understanding of existing infrastructure and all associated
environments is required
ƒ This session helps data center managers and engineers identify focus
areas and presents an overview of the discovery methodologies used to
identify critical data center components like facilities, WAN, LAN, security,
and applications, in both their physical and logical aspects
ƒ The session highlights different tools and matrices that can be used
to extract important information that is crucial to a successful
migration/consolidation project
ƒ Information gathered from the discovery can be used to create a migration
or consolidation strategy that leads to a new architectural design and
account for all aspects of existing environments

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Before We Get Started:

ƒ Intermediate level session focused on gathering

of essential data for planning a data center
consolidation or migration project
ƒ Session is about discovery of DC components,
not necessarily solutions
ƒ Other recommended sessions: TECDCT-2887

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 Agenda

ƒ Data Center Complexity

ƒ Consolidation and Migration
ƒ Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Applications
Layer 2 and Layer 3
Layer 4 through Layer 7
Security
Business Continuity
Facilities

ƒ Case Study

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Data Center Complexity

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 Complexity In The Enterprise Data Center
Current
Infrastructure
Internet Data Center
Enterprise Data Center
TCO
Enterprise Applications
Public Web Site
100s of Servers with Under-utilized
and Services Resources
Engineering Integrated Storage
E-Mail IP Services
Services

NAS Filers DNS RADIUS LDAP Operations Operational Complexity

Communications
Center and Inefficiency
Applications
E-Commerce Application
4-Tier Application
App. Server Computing
E-Mail
RESILIENCE
Infrastructure
Appliances
JBOD Inconsistent
Finance, HR, Tape Backup Multiple 2-Tier StorageSecurity
Payroll and EDI ERP Instances Internet Data Center Infrastructure
Supply-Chain Management
Inconsistent DR
Networking
Mainframe Infrastructure
Systems AGILITY
NCR DB Server Traditional In-House Developed 2-Tier CRM
Voice PBX Apps Application Facilities
Isolated Application Silos
(Power, Cooling,
Cabling,
Rigid and
Infrastructure Silos
Data Warehousing
Physical Security)

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The Cisco Data Center

Mainframe Enterprise Enterprise
Connectivity Tape Storage Disk Storage

Storage Switching

Virtual Fabrics (VSANs) Storage

MDS 9000 Services
Family Storage Virtualization

Server Farm Switching Data Replication Svcs

Server Balancing Cisco Catalyst® Fabric Routing Svcs

6500 Family
VPN Termination
Server Fabric Switching
SSL Termination
V Server
VFrame
Virtualization

Firewall Services Virtual I/O

Grid/Utility
Intrusion Detection Computing
SFS
Family Low Latency RDMA
Network Services
Services Clustering

Virtualization
NAS
Services
WIN
UNIX

Enterprise UNIX/Windows Blade Enterprise

NAS Servers Servers Grid
Storage
Virtual Private Virtual Virtual Private
Server Fabric#1 Private Server Fabric#3
Server (Blade-Based)
Fabric#2
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 Consolidation and
Migration

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Motivation—Why?
ƒ Shared Infrastructure ƒ Cost Savings
ƒ Physical Consolidation/ ƒ Centralized Data Centers
Upgrade
ƒ Integrated Management
ƒ Network Virtualization
ƒ Increased ROI
ƒ Server Virtualization
ƒ Decreased TCO
ƒ Legacy to Next Generation
ƒ Highly Available
ƒ 10 Gb Infrastructure
ƒ Management and Support
ƒ Business Continuance
ƒ Industry Compliancy

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 Migration and Consolidation

Objective
ƒ What do I have today that is mission critical that needs
to be migrated without downtime?
ƒ Where do we start the migration process?
ƒ What do I need to discover and why?
ƒ What are the important elements within the DC that
needs to be considered for migration planning?
End Goal
ƒ A Migration and Consolidation Plan
ƒ Low Level Design
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Consolidated Data Centers

Storage N-Tier Front End
1. Consolidate Data Network Applications Network
Centers, Servers
and Storage
Web Servers

App Servers

IP
Layer
DB Servers 2/3

2. Minimize Downtime
Costs and Improve
Business Continuance
by Inter-Connecting
Redundant Data Centers
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 Evolution of the Data Center Infrastructure
Phased Approach
Develop Migration Strategy Æ Future Ready DC
Enterprise
Server
Applications AUTOMATION
Data Storage Fabric Dynamic Provisioning
Network Network Network and Information Lifecyle
Management (ILM)
to Enable Business Agility

Business Policies
LAN SAN HPC VIRTUALIZATION On-Demand
WAN Cluster Management of Resources Service Oriented
MAN GRID Independent of Underlying
Physical Infrastructure to
Intelligent Increase Utilization, Compute
Information Efficiency and Flexibility
Network
Network
CONSOLIDATION
Centralization and
Standardization to
Storage
Lower Costs, Improve
Efficiency and Uptime Compute Network Storage

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Consolidation Approaches
Rationalized
What are the Other Factors that
Co-Location of Equipment Need to be Taken into Account
Increase in ROI (Decreasing TCO)

+ Rationalized Grouping Based for this Solution?

on Requirements such as Security,
Future Anticipation
Application Dependencies, Risk Profiles, and Direction
Server, Network or Storage Characteristics

Logical Where are the Resources?

Co-Location of Equipment How Many App Tiers?
+ Grouping by Functionality Common Apps?
Load-balanced vs. Non?
such as WEB, Middle Ware, DB

Physical How Many Sites?

Geographical Can Equipment Be Re-used?
Co-Location of Equipment

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Degree of Complexity
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 Consolidation—Flavors

ƒ Existing site or green field

ƒ Single site consolidation—in place consolidation
ƒ Multiple site consolidation—from many to few
Reducing number of datacenters
Migrating infrastructure components to fewer
locations, without any optimization

Migration + optimization
Reducing the number of infrastructure components
and increasing resource utilization

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Discovery Tools and

Methodologies

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 Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Enterprise Architecture Model
Business Layer High Level Business Needs
and Business Processes
Business Applications,
Application Application Architecture
Dependencies Among them
Layer Integration Architecture and Application-interface
Data Requirements,
Data Data Architecture Dependencies, Data
Layer Maintenance, Distribution
Storage Architecture and Sharing in Support
of Application Architecture
Platform System Software OS, DBMS, Application
Layer Servers, Middleware,
Server Architecture and Servers Hosting Software
and Applications

Security Software Hardware and Network

Network Components Including LANs,
Layer Network Architecture WANs, Access, Distribution,
Core, SAN, Optical, CDN, etc.

Power/Cooling Architecture Power, UPS, Cooling, Access,

Physical Fire Suppression, Floor
Layer Cabling Architecture Space/Type, Generators,
Compliance
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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Discovery Elements

Network Infrastructure Solution Application Solution

Cisco 7600, Linux/HP,
Catalyst 6500 Solaris/SunFire,
WebLogic, J2EE Custom
App, Etc.

Layers 4–7 Services Solution Database Solution

ACE, AXG, WAAS, Linux/HP, Solaris/
GSS, CSM, SSLM SunFire, Oracle 10G
RAC, Etc.

Network Security Solution

FWSM, IDSM, ASA5550,
ADM, AGM, CSA

Management and Instrumentation Solution SAN Solution

Terminal Servers, NAM, MDS9000
Cisco Works LMS/VMS,
ANM, VFrame, ISC

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
ƒ Applications, Business Applications Clients Access
Requirements & Policies,
Cost drive discovery
LAN WAN
methods
ƒ Every Business Unit/Clients Security Legacy
have their own requirements
ƒ Do we know how many Customization Storage
applications ?
ƒ What are the migration or Availability Convergence
consolidation dependencies ?
ƒ Can we test prior to cut-over ? Performance Facilities
ƒ How deterministic ?
ƒ How do we manage transition ?

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Applications

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 Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Applications Discovery

Application Technology Infrastructure Discovery

Server inventory (ip address, DNS name)
Server physical connectivity to the access layer
Server network topology

Application (s) Transport Topology Discovery

User Access View
List with connections type between user community and Server layer
List with Servers ip addresses accessed by the user
User community—ip address range (s)
Back End Server View
List with connections type to the End servers
List with all the “End “type servers identified by Ip addresses.
Application N-tier
List with all the server groups—labeled as containers
List with all servers ip addresses from each group
List with all the flows related to each group
List with application transport type for each group

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Discovery Tools and Methodologies

Applications Discovery

Application (s) External Data Communication

Definition of the Application Tier functionality based on data transport
Graphical representation of the Application Tiered structured by data flow type
Identification of inter-application communication flows
Graphical representation of the Inter-application communication by data flow type
Flow transport characteristics table
Flow transport pattern table

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Applications Discovery

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Available Tools
Dependency Consolidation
Layers Asset Discovery
Mapping Analysis
BDNA
Application,
Tideway Tideway
Servers and
Software CiRBA CiRBA
(that resides HP/Mercury HP/Mercury
on the
n-Layers n-Layers
servers)
NetFlow + OpNet

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 Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Application, Server Discovery and Connection Mapping
ƒ Capture
based on
(Does Not Map to Network)
nLayers
ƒ Showing
connection
maps
ƒ Showing
services
running on a
host

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Application, Server Connection Mapping

Applications Host Server Host Primary Destination Destination Destination

Name Name IP Connection Host Server Name Port

Oracle 9.0 DB_Web1 172.28.140.222 DNS 172.28.140.193 NSDCSTL01 53

Oracle 9.0 DB_Web1 172.28.140.222 DNS 172.28.141.5 DCSTL01 53

Oracle 9.0 Db_Web1 172.28.140.222 DNS 172.28.146.42 DCSTL02 53

Apache 2.3 CHARTS1 172.28.140.222 HTTP 172.28.144.47 MCAFEESTL1 80

CHARTS CHARTS1 172.28.140.222 Kerberos 172.28.140.193 NSDCSTL01 88

Tool Identifies Applications Oracle,

Apache, SAP Based on Signatures
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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Application and Server Inventory
ƒ Capture based on BDNA
ƒ Relies on scanning the network
ƒ Shows everything possible
on a server (NICs, MACs,
CPUs, Memory, type of APPs
running), etc.

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Layer 2 - Layer 3

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Layers of the Enterprise Multi-Tier Model

ƒ Layer 2 and layer 3 access Enterprise Core

topologies
ƒ Dual and single attached 1RU and DC Core
blade servers
ƒ Multiple aggregation modules DC Aggregation

ƒ Web/app/database multi-tier
environments
DC Access
ƒ L2 adjacency requirements
ƒ Mix of over-subscription
requirements Blade Chassis
w/ Integrated
ƒ Environmental implications Switch
ƒ Stateful services for security
Blade Chassis Mainframe
and load balancing w/ Pass Thru w/ OSA
L2 w/ L3 Access
Clustering and
NIC Teaming
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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

VRFs in the virtualized DC

ƒ Existing virtualization/
MPLS or
partitioning of network VRF-Green Other Core
resources (MSFC, VRF-Blue
ACE, FWSM) if any DC Core
VRF-Red
ƒ Current use of application
Agg1 Agg2
services with multiple
access topologies Alternate Primary
Firewall and SLB Contexts on
ƒ Current path isolation Contexts for Green, Agg1 and 2 to
MAN/WAN designs such as Blue, and Red Achieve Active-
Active Design
VLANs Isolate
with MPLS Contexts on Access
802.1Q
ƒ Current security policy Trunks
management and
deployment by user group
or VRF

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Layer 2/3 Discovery
ƒ Underlying design
ƒ VLAN schemes mapped to applications
ƒ Server VLAN layout
ƒ VLANs allowed on trunks
ƒ STP
ƒ Trunks
ƒ Port-Channels
ƒ L2 security if any
ƒ L3 traffic analysis
ƒ VRF policies
ƒ Other

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Choice of Tools
Dependency Consolidation
Layers Asset Discovery
Mapping Analysis
CNC (Cisco
Discovery) + Cisco Works
Network Manual
Cisco Works CS-MARS
netIQ
SAN Fabric Manager Manual Manual
Storage Arrays Vendor Tool Manual Manual
Facilities APC Manual Manual

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Layer 2/3 Discovery

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Layer 4 - Layer 7

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Layer 4/7 Discovery
ƒ Application dependencies
ƒ Protocol & ports info
ƒ Application security
ƒ SSL offloading
ƒ Application redundancy

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Flows, Connections, Sessions

A Content Switch Maintains Much More

State Than a Router, on a per-Flow Basis

ƒ Three main types of flows

TCP: IP protocol, src/dst IP, src/dst L4 port, TCP state
UDP: IP protocol, src/dst IP, src/dst L4 port
Generic IP: source/destination IP
ƒ TCP flows (connections) require setup and tear down
ƒ Multiple flows between the same client and server might be
logically grouped into a session

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Bridged Mode

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Routed Mode

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
“One-Arm” Mode

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Understanding Application Flows

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 Security

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Security Discovery
ƒ Positioning of security zones
ƒ Security policies mapped to business policies
ƒ Different levels of security

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 Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Enterprise Datacenter Network
ƒ Firewall
Core
Si Si ƒ ACLs
ƒ Firewalling
Firewall Stateful inspection
Application inspection
Aggregation AVS ƒ AVS
ACE ƒ ACE

Firewall / VPN

Infrastructure

Management
Access

Posture
Identity

IPS
Antivirus / Antispyware

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Discovery Tools and Methodologies

Enterprise Datacenter Network
ƒ Infrastructure
Core
Si Si ƒ AAA
ƒ CoPP
ƒ SNMP v3
MD5
ƒ SSH
Aggregation ƒ uRPF
Private ƒ IGP/EGP MD5
VLAN
ƒ L2 security features
Firewall / VPN
L2 Security
Infrastructure

Management

Access
Posture
Identity

IPS

Antivirus / Antispyware

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 Discovery Tools and Methodologies
Enterprise Datacenter Network
ƒ Management
Core
Si Si ƒ NetFlow
ƒ Syslog
ƒ SNMP
ƒ MARS
Aggregation

NetFlow,
Syslog,
SNMPv3

Firewall / VPN

Infrastructure

Management
Access

Posture
Identity

IPS
Antivirus / Antispyware

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Discovery Tools and Methodologies

Enterprise Datacenter Network
ƒ IPS
Core
Si Si
ƒ Host
ƒ Network

Aggregation IPSM

Firewall / VPN
Infrastructure

Management

Access
Posture
Identity

IPS

CSA

Antivirus / Antispyware

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Cisco Monitoring, Analysis and Response System

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Business Continuity

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Current BR Analysis: The Big Picture
Internet Internet
Stateful
Stateful Firewalls
Firewalls
Content
Caching
High SONET/SDH High
Server
Density Density
Load Balancing Server
Multilayer Multilayer
Load Balancing
LAN LAN
Switch Switch
Intrusion
Detection
Front-End Application Front-End Application
Servers Servers

Application DWDM/ Application

Middleware/DB CWDM Middleware/DB
Server Clusters clusters

High High
Density
Multilayer
Backend Density
Multilayer
SAN Enterprise-Class Backend SAN
Director
Storage Arrays Enterprise-Class
Director

IP/Metro E Storage Arrays

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Distributed DC Impact: Application Perspective

FCIP Link (FC

frames tunneled
APP A APP B over IP network) APP A APP B

IP
Network

FC IP Storage FC

Production
Services Module
for FCIP (GigE) in
Back-up
Data Center MDS9000 switch Data Center

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
Redundant Everything
Production Site

Geographic
Load Balancer
Site Load Web Application Database
Balancer Server Server Server
Clusters Clusters Clusters Disk

Transaction DB Remote
Replication Replication Copy

Geographic
Load Balancer Site Load Web Application Database
Balancer Server Server Server
Secondary Site Clusters Clusters Clusters PIT Image,
Tape B/U
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Technology Approach
ƒ Client application level ƒ Features required
The Application is built from Ability to direct the client to
day-one with health check, multiple servers and sites
multi-site/server capability,
Ability to actively monitor the
recovery and integrity checks
health of the end services at
mechanism
network, server, and
ƒ Intermediaries application level

Network module Health monitoring involves

status and also performance
Appliances monitoring
Software on general purpose State full behavior between
servers intermediaries to allow
seamless failover and ease of
change management

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 Facilities

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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Facilities Discovery
ƒ Power
ƒ Cable
ƒ Racks Space
ƒ Cooling

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 Discovery Tools & Methodologies
What are the variables?
ƒ Name Plate or Average Operating
Consumption?
ƒ DC versus AC Power?
ƒ How to calculate data center efficiency?
ƒ How to measure at the systems level?
ƒ Why should IT care?
ƒ Cooling supply versus air distribution
ƒ What is the networks role and where is it
going?
ƒ Where to learn more?
Source: Gartner; Meeting the DC power and cooling challenge
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Discovery Tools & Methodologies

Facilities Discovery

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 Network Equipment Distribution
Facilities Building Blocks EoR, MoR and ToR
To network aggregation
Copper runs
End of Row
▪Traditionally used on modular access
environments Patch panel
Patch panel Patch panel
▪Copper from server to access switches X-connect
▪Poses challenges on highly dense Network Patch panel
server farms Access Point X-connect server server

Middle of Row
▪Use is starting to increase
Network
▪Copper from servers to access Access Point
switches Patch panel
▪Fiber may be used to aggregate ToR X-connect server server
▪It addresses aggregation
requirements for ToR access
environments To network core
Fiber runs

Top of Rack Top of Rack Top of Rack Top of Rack

ToR Top of Rack Top of Rack Top of Rack Top of Rack
▪Used in conjunction with dense access Network
server server Aggregation server server
racks(1U servers) Point
▪Typically one access switch per rack
▪Typically ~10-15 server per rack
▪Front and back of rack are possible
▪May use copper or fiber Network
Aggregation
▪Copper may need MoR Point
▪Fiber is more flexible
server server server server

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Discovery Tools and Methodologies

Data Center “Zoning”
ƒ Allows for a mixed environment of high density/low density
ƒ Allows for targeted availability, service levels,
cooling and UPS run-time
ƒ Aligns well to virtualized environments

Power & Cooling Power & Cooling

20kW Per Rack 5kW Per Rack
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 Take Away Points

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Take Away Points

• Data Center migration & consolidation is a complex

process with complex end-to-end dependencies. It can be
broken into easier to manage components

• Start with understanding and profiling the applications

thoroughly

• L2 – L7 components dependent on business policies and

application requirements. Be aware of facilities planning

• Leverage available tools to discover different components,

specially in legacy environments

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 Case Study

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Case Study – The landscape

ƒ Existing data center with more than 1,600 servers

ƒ Data center hosts services for 15 different business
units
ƒ Silos within the data center. Some business units
sharing the service modules, others have their own.
ƒ No single policy or procedure to connect to new
partners

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 Case Study – New Data Center
ƒ New Data Center built 60 miles apart
ƒ Based on three tier architecture: Web, Application,
Database to be shared among Bus
ƒ Web, application and database tiers in separate
security zones
ƒ Number of physical servers reduced to 700 plus.
ƒ Consolidation of services (load balancing, security,
partner connections)

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Data Center Consolidation and Migration

Challenges

ƒ Change of security model

ƒ Phased migration – Issues of default gateway, L2
extensions
ƒ Discovering technical and architecture impact due to
reduction in server footprint

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 Architecture Difference
Data
DataCenter
Center11 Data
DataCenter
Center22

Before After

Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Mapping of each layer

Si Si
Si Si Si Si

Virtualized Shared
Architecture Model

F F
F F C C
C C
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Solution for Application Availability

Data
DataCenter
Center11 Data
DataCenter
Center22

Metro
Ethernet

Si Si
Si Si Si Si
Si Si

Si Si
Si Si Si Si

Virtualized Shared
Architecture

F F
F F C C
C C
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