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Quarter I 2010
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Market Outlook-Equity
As we step into 2010, the key questions that we will have to ask ourselves Our key concern is on 2011, when China’s infrastructure push slows down,
are: the core demand for commodities could decline, which could then
1. Will recovery in Asia continue without the extra-ordinary stimulus pressure prices. The simultaneous exit of investors and weak fundamentals
doled out by governments? could cause a sharp fall in prices.
2. As all governments go out to repair their balance sheets either through There are nascent signs of the Asian economy picking up and going ahead
higher taxes or lower dole outs. Is there a risk of another slowdown as a region. Internal trade in Asia is picking up along with trade
which could set us back by a few years agreements, through the region still needs to import oil and is an energy
3. Will India’s high fiscal deficit hamper growth and how will the deficit region.
government address the same? Going ahead we think trade and investments within this region will
4. What is our view on inflation? increase, as scope for growth in other economies is limited. With China
moving to a more internal consumption based economy, this may free up
5. How will India’s markets perform and which sectors do we like?
space for Indian companies and other smaller countries to fill up the areas
The Global Environment: The global environment is showing signs of
that China gradually vacates.
repair and consumer confidence. Capacity utilizations are also nudging
Use of dollar as a trade settlement currency could also decline within the
up. The central banks have been extremely liberal in treating toxic loans
region, and bartering or using local currencies to settle gaining ground.
and receivables and have in effect guaranteed risk taking to an extra-
This would promote growth as the need for hard currency diminishes.
ordinary degree. This has resulted in all governments in the developed
world borrowing large amounts while private citizens and companies Increasing consumption in Asia will remain a key theme in 2010 as well,
reduced their debt. and we think India will also contribute. Consumers in India and China
are under-leveraged and are moving up the value chain as their per capita
The fastest set to repair and come out of this problem has been the group
GDP increases. To capture their aspirations will be key challenges to our
of large companies across the world that has raised cash and liquidity to a
investment process.
historic level. They will soon need to deploy their cash into buybacks or
expansions/ acquisitions. This would set the base for equity valuations. We expect 2010 to surprise us on the upside as far as global trends are
The signs of recovery have helped almost all stock markets to move up concerned while there may be another leg down in 2011, as growth
simultaneously to 30% off their previous highs on a dollar basis. weakens on the back of lower stimulus. We expect governments to keep
Therefore, it may be reasonable to assume that this rally has been one the stimulus tap running in 2010, to ensure that growth is back on track,
driven by liquidity, rather than fundamentals as almost all markets have implying an extra-ordinary debt burden on these governments.
risen by similar amounts. Will this change in 2010, or will all markets This could impair their growth over the medium to long term, and many
move up and down together? developed economies will be faced with large debt and declining
Asia however, will present a very exciting opportunity as both China and oil, and a benign oil price is beneficial to our fiscal situation. We think
India will continue to grow at a healthy clip as personal consumption India’s fiscal deficit will be fairly acute this year i.e. FY2010, and can
increases. What is even more exciting is that consumers in both these considerably ease only in FY2012 or if oil prices fall sharply.
countries have a low level of personal debt and high savings. We expect the consolidated fiscal deficit to cross 10% in FY2010 and
How do we invest here: In our view, we believe that we need to be focused could remain flat in FY2011 and then decline thereafter. There are,
on a few sectors and stocks where valuations are reasonable and growth however, downside risks to this estimate if the government does not spend
is fairly predictable rather than bet on the general market? Although there as much as it has planned.
has been a large inflow of money into Indian equity markets on back of So, it is our belief that in some aspects downside risks to the fiscal deficit
carry trades, we think that the previous level of volatility in the market will have not been fully appreciated by the market – both on the bond market
not be there. and equity market. How can there be downsides to our fiscal deficit in the
Foreign inflows into India in 2009 were close to 17 billion dollars, which future?
was a significant sum when compared to local investors. FDI inflows were Tax collections are also showing some signs of recovery, and while tax
also increasing highlighting the importance of India as an alternate collections were sluggish on account of the sharp rollbacks of customs,
manufacturing destination. excise and income tax rates, we think that India could benefit in FY2011
Asia, including India and China have been extremely cautious about the as volume growth surpasses expectations.
slowdown and have promptly reduced taxes especially on consumer Also, we think tax rates may nudge up, or new avenues of tax found such
durables and cars. In India, there has been a simultaneous reduction of as export taxes. This could imply that India’s fiscal deficit may not look as
taxes – both import and income taxes and VAT which has helped demand bad as the some of the pessimists paint.
remain buoyant and indeed surprised us all on the upside. Disinvestment will continue to be a recurring theme in 2010 and this can
A part of this demand growth has been on account of higher rural incomes absorb a significant amount of capital and this could cap market returns.
due to a sharp increase in prices of crops and the Sixth Pay Commission, This process will increase the weights of PSU companies in the indices as
which covers Central Government employees. their free float increases.
Also, lower commodity prices implied margins of auto companies surged Consequently, portfolio rebalancing may cause other stocks to
to life time highs resulting in record profit growth. While margins may underperform as they get sold down. This phenomenon of broad markets
regress towards mean, we expect volume outlook to remain buoyant. not going anywhere could lead to investor interest into mid and small caps
which typically turn frothy when the large caps are stagnant.
Growth in India: We expect India to remain a large domestic growth story
with several drivers on account of the large unorganized market and lack Fund Flows: India will need to invest 100 billion dollars annually for the
of reliable statistics. The index of industrial production is recovering as foreseeable future and hence funding will remain a key issue for some time
also sales of commercial vehicles, power production and other segments. to come. We believe Indian companies will continue to raise considerable
We are also witnessing a trend of exports coming back on account of amount of capital for the foreseeable future.
higher labor costs in China and the demographic advantage that India has Further, disinvestment will also drive demand for capital from both
to offer. domestic and international investors. The retail investor has shown low
Apart from the consumption theme which is set to grow on the back of appetite towards equities and most of the incremental saving is moving to
higher incomes, we expect infrastructure to play out as well though there fixed income products and bank deposits. So can India raise its capital?
may be delays from time to time across sector. Just as telecom was the We expect many developed countries to gradually reduce their debt levels
large growth industry during the last decade, we expect power and and turn net savers and this may actually increase inflows into developing
ancillary sectors to be growth industries during the next decade. markets India will stand out as among the outstanding areas of capital
India is also going to exploit its natural resources such as coal and natural deployment, as it is still a supply starved economy, and large amounts of
gas, which will reduce its external needs for energy. capital can be put to work here.
So we think that all drivers of growth – consumption, investments and Airlines and hotels are already reaching their peak capacity utilizations,
exports will start contributing in a meaningful manner. In 2009, one of the indicating that there is scope to invest in India and grow businesses. India’s
main drivers has been government consumption as has been the case else high savings rate will also support growth for the medium term.
where in the world. Will India withdraw the stimulus? We therefore think, that while India will continue to suffer from a high
Market Outlook: We remain cautious on markets in 2010 in the India bearing on the market trends.
conext and are fairly confident of its performance in FY 2011 and beyond. Our convictions: We are optimistic on the infrastructure sector as we think
The reasons for this are: a confluence of forces will drive growth here: capital from countries which
• Inflation data will turn adverse in Q1CY2010, and this will raise some have limited avenues of growth such as Japan, need for sustainable growth
panic in markets. This may or may not be accompanied with driving policies, and changing aspirations of people both rural and urban
government borrowings and could set about a correction. While there creating the demand environment.
may or may not be rate hikes, liquidity will continue to be easy and We believe that there will be an increasing role for private operators in
borrowing costs will remain benign. infrastructure as the government is not able to cope both financially and on
• Should growth be very strong in China, then commodity prices could an organization basis. Hence we expect a number of new avenues of
go up leading to sustained inflationary trend which could raise interest growth emerging over the next decade: reverse osmosis plants, garbage
rates and slowdown growth for some time. disposal plants, sewage treatment plants, minor ports and bridges.
• The base effect for many industrials and consumer durables would turn We think India is just about approaching the tipping point as regards
challenging in H2 CY 2010 and this could cap market returns infrastructure in concerned and we may be actually compelled to expand
• The consensus market (Sensex) earnings points to a 20% growth in capacities faster than we build them out, be they airports and roads or
FY12, which is healthy. We think there may be, however, some ports. We would go out on a limb and say that our infrastructure is far
pressure in margins in some segments and this could reduce earnings. from adequate, and we may be forced to build the infrastructure again as
A large portion of earnings comes from commodities and financials they are far from international standards.
which will be the key segments to watch for earnings growth. The second area of conviction would continue to be the Indian mid-cap
• Valuations of Indian markets are not cheap by historic standards and universe. While many large Indian companies are small by international
will need to be considered while making investment decisions. We standards, the entrepreneurial spirit is best captured in the Indian mid-cap
still believe, as always, that India will continue to be a stock specific universe. New companies, new businesses are best captured in this space,
market based on execution rather than taking any sector calls per se be they parking lots, ports, malls, cinema theaters, hospitals and health
care
• We therefore think that it would be better to focus on tomorrow’s
winners rather than focus on the benchmark. We continue to believe For sure, not all of them succeed, but then it is necessary for us to take this
that there are opportunities in the infrastructure and utilities space. We risk for capturing the extraordinary growth opportunity in India.
also believe that the mid cap and small cap segments of the market We are also excited by the outsourcing opportunity in India. While this is
will offer promising returns. primarily driven by the IT/ ITES segment, we are beginning to see signs of
• Risks to the market include higher oil prices and runaway inflation and revival in exports from several industries including textiles, auto ancillaries,
fiscal deficit. This may not, however, impact the fortunes of companies pharmaceuticals and other chemicals.
in a significant manner, as both companies and individuals are flush We think that there will also be a number of strategic tie-ups/ acquisitions
with cash and saving. Hence, we believe that any panic or dip would in the future as Indian companies will offer a valuable manufacturing hub
present a great opportunity to buy Indian markets. and entry into a high growth market. These will be one time however.
• Should China’s material intensive growth cool off, and then we could Finally, we remain positive about the strength of our consumption/ and
have a slump in our corporate earnings as well, as most of the earnings services sector, where we think a lot of unorganized services get converted
growth is expected in commodities. This may, however, be beneficial into the organized segment will present us a large and interesting
for the economy as a whole as inflation would be under check leading opportunity be they coffee shops, or mid-priced hotels and airlines. We
to benefits. remain bullish on the domestic consumption story and think that will play
• Yet another weak monsoon could hamper rural demand which has out to be a multi year theme.
provided growth in FY 2010 and stability for the consumption theme We continue to recommend investors to take a meaningful exposure to
• Although the political environment appears stable and conducive for Indian equities on the back of the above expectations. Market declines
a multi year growth strategy, policy decisions are getting unduly should be viewed as an opportunity from a long-term perspective.
in G-Secs, the corporate debt yields declined by about 30 bps thus 5 Do you expect the RBI to be in line with its track record of delivering
reducing the AAA corporate spread to 105 bps from 315 a year ago. pre-emptive strikes a la 2004-2008?
There were several positives for the debt markets I would expect the RBI this year to improve upon the structure of the debt
* A year marked by lowest average WPI inflation; capital markets. The RBI would rather wait for core inflation to increase for
pre-emptive strikes.
* Highest banking liquidity (as defined by banking surpluses with
RBI); Markets may be ahead of the curve. In 2004 before RBI made its first move
to raise rates the G-Secs 10 year yield had already moved up by 170 bps.
* A weak banking credit off-take; and
After 6 hikes of 25 bps each and increases in the reverse and repo rates
* A supporting global and domestic accommodative monetary policy
spread up to 300 bps from 150 bps, G-Sec yields only by about 100-110
Outweighed against these aspects were
bps over the next four years.
* A larger than expected fiscal deficit and subsequent GOI borrowing
6 Do you expect the RBI to push on CRR hikes more in order to leave
program
increases in policy rates at more modest levels? What would be the
* Higher food price inflation (affecting the markets in the latter half) implications?
2 What are the key triggers to watch for 2010? Please provide a more Yes. It is more justifiable to do so. CRR hikes in combination with MSS
focussed view on the impact of those likely to materialise in H1 would be likely, but the RBI would try to ensure adequate liquidity for
2010? meeting credit and GOI borrowing. The impact is likely to be mostly on
The usual bromides such as the level of fiscal deficit as a percentage of the shorter-tenor of the yield curve; the longer end would remain insulated
GDP as announced in Budget, credit off take and domestic & global from great spikes
monetary policy will need to be watched closely.
Even last year, the medium-term and long-term lending rates in the
The monetary policy in late Jan 2010 and the budget in February 2010 economy have not followed the swift movement in the secondary market
would set the tone for the direction of rates. government security rates. In that sense, the Government has become the
We expect a gradual upward movement in the CRR from the current levels relatively bigger beneficiary post the financial crisis and the monetary
of 5 % to about 7 % by the end of the year. We expect that 150 bps of the actions of RBI. Hence the need to reign in liquidity is greater than pushing
200 bps envisaged increase to happen in the first half. We also expect 75 the rates higher through monetary actions.
We expect the INR to appreciate against the US dollar. The trend set in and SEBI have already signed agreements with Clearing Corporations and
2009 is expected to continue in 2010, too, with the scope for the US are settling the deals through Clearing Corporations, thus eliminating
recovery still remaining doubtful in the first half of 2009. It has a potential counter party risk. The IRDA regulated participants and Provident Funds
a move to a range of Rs.44 to Rs.45 to a US dollar, which is the average of are slowly getting in to the system.
the last 7-10 years. Securitization of Loan pools: The recent changes on compulsory
MSS comeback is as inevitable as a CRR rate is. As the intention of MSS participation by the originator and minimum seasoning of 12 months have
is neutralise the impact of US dollar inflow and currency interventions, it brought in considerable discipline in this market. Markets have turned
is not likely to have a significant impact in the market place, if done in a sluggish due to this, as expected. These are, however, welcome moves to
gradual and purposeful way. ensure credit discipline in originators and investors.
8 Should China decide to allow an appreciation of its currency – say Repo of Corporate Bonds: The draft guidelines have been issued on this
5-10% - what would be the trend, given that INR is already gained much prolonged and awaited regulation. RBI is waiting for the clearing
versus the $ even as the renmimbi has remained stable? settlements to stabilize. We expect regulation to be in place before March
2010.
As the trade relations of China vis-à-vis US is far different that what we
have with US, there is not likely to be direct correlation leading to similar • An intent to develop screen based trading in corporate bond
Further, as the USD and INR conversion is largely market determined, the • Introduction of Credit Derivatives (CDs) market-start with
need for catching up with the fundamentals is not there in the INR though exchange-traded CDs
it is the case with the renmimbi, which is linked to USD. • Introduction of more products in the interest rate futures market
Correlation between renmimbi/USD trends and the USDINR has been 12 How has the market in interest-rate futures evolved and where do
weak in the instances of revaluation in the past. see it going in the year ahead?
9 What are the likely consequences of these forex-market trends for Interest rate futures have been introduced, but have not evolved yet. The
bond market yields? main concern of the participants appears to be uncertainty on the security
that may get compulsorily delivered on the outstanding contracts.
Appreciating USD/INR- might force the RBI to press ahead with MSS with
consequent impact on short-term yields. The initially generated interest has died down and the product needs some
reworking:
The potential for the INR to appreciate keeps interest in the bond markets
alive for foreign players. We have, however, seen in the past that such a • Move to a pure cash-based delivery mechanism
view on the currency has not generated abnormal FII interest in bond • Introduction of more products-3 month/6 month/1 year tenor
markets. Their investments in Indian bonds in India are gradual. We interest rate future products and possibly a 20-year product
expect similar trends to continue. • Some handholding is initially required. So the RBI should involve
10 Do you see the government enhancing the limits available for FIIs to Primary Dealers as market makers.
invest in Indian bonds? • Move towards democratising the product: for example, if housing
Yes, especially considering the need to bring in more capital into the finance companies have tie-ups for home insurance then why not
country. design/offer interest rate future products for home loan seekers to
11 What are the systemic changes (hard & soft) that are likely in 2010 hedge against possible rate movements.
and what would they mean for investing in bond markets? Recently, the NSE has tied up with a few large institutions to provide market
The bond markets are likely to be an evolving and happening space in to the delivered security. More time may be needed for clarity and
2010. The system support worked on through regulation is likely to confidence to ensure active participation in the future.
bolster the markets and provide greater transparency and confidence to all 13 What would be the major India-specific events relevant to bonds
participants. A few key moves are: markets that would surprise you positively? Please explain with
issued and feed back taken by the RBI and Final guidelines are expected • The repo on the corporate bond markets appears to have
any time soon. limitations in terms of the securities covered. An enlargement to
• The introduction of some sort of tax on foreign flows, will have a • The overnight cash market has become less volatile. Measures such
greater impact on the equity/forex market but Bond markets may as making call money a pure inter-bank market, introduction of
end up taking the collateral hit!! repo/reverse repo facilities under LAF, and CBLO as another
15 Do you expect any tax changes that could have a bearing on the bond product in the overnight market, have given more depth to the
market? market
If bonds/credit instruments are brought on par with equity as far as capital • In corporate bonds, the biggest change has been the serious intent
gain structure is concerned, it will possibly have a far reaching impact on of the regulators to create a deep/robust/healthy debt capital market
retail participation in corporate bond market for corporate bonds and that is the single most important change.
16 Are corporate spreads likely to widen? 18 With interest rates in the Anglo-Saxon world likely to stay low for
extended periods, there is a possibility of smart money chasing bonds
We think corporate spreads are more likely to trade in the same range with
in India. In this context, do you think the RBI should enhance limits
a marginally widening bias.
for FIIs?
17 Looking back, where is the bond market today as compared to the
Yes, as a structural measure. But surely we should not enhance the limits
turn of the decade just gone by?
just because rates globally are likely to remain low!!
• Mutual funds were a non-existent or a non-entity earlier in the debt
The RBI should enhance limits gradually, as has been done in the past.
market. They are the most active players today in the short-term
segment, commanding almost 80-90 % of day’s volumes. They 19 No category of the bond market appears appealing. In this backdrop,
are also active in the corporate debt segment what do investors do for the fixed-income component of the
portfolio?
• The evolution of private insurance companies and their unit
schemes have ensured that they are quite active to satisfy the short- Investing in fixed-income asset class is an attribute of a portfolio allocation
• Physical delivery of securities has become a thing of the past. At various points of time, different types of bond products become
Dematerlisation has been the best thing that has happened to the appealing. The cycles have turned shorter, and hence may force investors
securities industry in India. to churn portfolios faster within various bond segments.
• G-Sec markets have undergone a gradual, stable and dramatic 20 What is your approach to investing in fixed-income asset class for
change since the 1992 scam involving physical entries in a ledger. your own portfolio?
It has become an example for other markets to emulate, especially Investment horizon and risk absorption are the two essential features one
for institutional deals. should adhere to while investing in fixed income.
K. Ramkumar is the Head-Fixed Income. He is a science graduate from Madras University and
a Cost Accountant. He is a Certified Associate of Indian Institute of Bankers and has done
Diploma in Business Finance from the ICFAI, Hyderabad. He has over 15 years experience
in the Mutual Fund Industry. His prior experience includes 12 years with UTI Mutual Fund
and 4 years with SBI Funds Management.
Ramkumar manages Bond Saver and the fixed-income portion of Monthly Income Plan.
He is also the Co-Fund Manager for Ultra Short-Term Fund, Flexible Fund – Short-Term
Plan, Flexible Fund – Flexible Income Plan & Fixed Term Plans.