Verb

Structure Function

Regular Irregular Main/ Ordinary Auxiliary/ Helping

 Regular Verbs: Which form their past tense and past participle by adding
(ed, d).
Walk + ed = walked
Move + d = moved

A_ As follows below:
(a) If the Verbs end in ‘e’, to form Past Forms (2nd and 3rd forms), just add‘d’.
(b) To make the ‘ing’ form drop the ‘e’ and just add ‘ing’ for Present participle (continues
tenses).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)

‘e’ Smile, hope, move Smiled, hoped, moved Smiling, hoping, moving

B_ If the Verbs end in two Consonants letters:

(a) Simply add ‘ed’ to form Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ‘ing’ to form Present Participle (ING Forms).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
Helped, learned,
Two Consonants Help, learn, form Helping, learning, forming
formed

C_ If the Verbs end in two Vowels + one Consonant letter:

(a) Simply add ‘ed’ to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd forms).
(b) Simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
Two Vowels + one
Rain, heat, sail Rained, heated, sailed Raining, heating, sailing
Consonant + ed
D_ When the Verbs end in Vowel + Consonant(s), have generally two steps:
1) If the Verbs have one Syllable end in one Vowel + one Consonant;
(a) Double the Consonant and simply add ‘ed’ to make the Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Double the Consonant and simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING - Form).

SIMPLE
END OF PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE
FORM
VERBS (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
(1ST.form)
One Vowel (One
Syllable) + One
Stopped, Planned, Stopping, planning,
Consonant + the Stop, plan, grin
grinned Grinning*
**Pre- Consonant
+ ‘ed/ ing’

2) A_ If the first Syllable of the two - verbs are stressed, do not double the Consonant:
(a) Simply add ‘ed’ to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
One Vowel (Two –
Visited, offered,
Syllables, stressed
Visit, offer, gather Visiting, offering,
on 1st) + one
gathered gathering
consonant + ‘ed/ ing’

3) If the second syllable of a two – verbs are stressed, double the Consonant;
(a) Simply add ‘ed’ to make the Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ‘ing’ to make the Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
One Vowel (Two –
Prefer, admit, Preferred,
Syllable, stressed
admitted, Preferring. Admitting,
on 2nd) + one
rebutting
consonant + **pre- rebut rebutted
consonant + ‘ed/ ing’

E_ When the Verbs end in ‘y’, have two steps to conjugate them.
1_ If the Verbs end in a Vowel + ‘y’:
(a) Simply add ‘ed’ to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING Form).

END OF SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

VERBS (1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
 Vowel + y + ‘ed/
Play, enjoy, relay Played, enjoyed, relayed Playing, enjoying, relaying
ing’

2_ If the Verbs end in a Consonant + ‘y’:

(a) Change the ‘y’ to ‘I’ and then simply add ‘ed’ to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) But keep the ‘y’ and the simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING frm)
Consonant + ‘y’= I +
Worried, studied, Worrying, studying,
‘ed’. Consonant + ‘y’ Worry, study, reply
replied replying
+ ‘ing’

F_ If the Verbs end in ‘ie’:

(a) Merely add‘d’ to make Past Forms (2nd & 3rd Forms).
(b) Change the ‘ie’ to ‘y’ and simply add ‘ing’ to make Present Participle (ING Form).

SIMPLE FORM PAST FORMS PRESENT PARICIPLE

END OF VERBS
(1ST.form) (2ND&3RD forms) (ING form)
‘ie’ + ‘d’= Past
Forms but, ‘ie’= y + Die, tie, vie Died, tied, vied Dying, tying, vying
‘ing’= Pre.P.

*Exception: Do not double the following two letters; ‘w’ and ‘x’ such as: snow/ snowed/ snowing,
Fix/ fixed/ fixing.

 Irregular Verbs: Irregular Verbs are those verbs which have no rules and
regulation for making their Past Forms (They rather change their properties
or structures).

There are three distinguished types of Irregular Verbs, as arranged below:

1) Verbs in which all three forms are the same.

2) Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same (One is different from those three).
3) Verbs in which all three forms are different from one another.

Type 1: All three forms are the same.

bet bet bet
burst burst burst
cut cut cut
hurt hurt hurt
let let let
put put put
shut shut shut
set set set
read read read
 Type 2: Two of the three forms are the same.
beat beat beaten
become became become
bend bent bent
bring brought brought
dig dug dug
keep kept kept
hold held held
feed fed fed
find found found
bleed bled bled

Type 3: All three forms are different (different from one another).
Be
(am, is, are) was, were been
begin began begun
bite bit bitten
break broke broken
blow blew blown
do did done
fall fell fallen
fly flew flown
eat ate eaten
choose chose chosen

‘Have your goal with a firm Kick’

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