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is;g wdydr
mQcH wpdka pd ysñhkaf.a
wpdka pd ysñ
is;g wdydr$ wpdka pd ysñ; wkqjdoh ví,sõ' iq.;odi-
uykqjr( fn!oaO .%J:m%ldYk iñ;sh" 2005
ms' 212( fi'ñ' 22
ISBN 955-24-0239-5
i. 294' 34 äú 21 ii. .%J: kduh
iii. iq.;odi" ví,sõ' wkq' 1' nqoaOd.u - O¾uh
ISBN: 955-24-0239-5
fmrjok
ˆˆis;g wdydr˜˜ kñka bÈßm;a jk fuu lD;sh NslaIQka
jykafia,d Wfoid" úfYaIfhka úkh iïnkaOj" b.ekaùï
flfrk foaYkd ud,djls' fuu foaYkd ud,dj meje;ajQ wpdka
pd ysñ úkh iïnkaO j fldmuK m%dfhda.sl jQ NslaIqjla
jqfha o hkak meyeÈ,s jkafka fuh O¾u ud¾.fha .uka
lrk fkd lrk .sys meúÈ ldyg;a tl fia m%fhdack ,eìh
yels foaYkd ud,djla ù ;sîfuks' úkh iïnkaO j
Wkajykafiaf.a m%Odk;u isoaOdka;h ù we;af;a i;s fyj;a
isyshhs' fuu foaYkdjkays iuia;h ù we;af;a úkh i|yd
isysh;a" isysh i|yd úkh;a hkakhs' fuys § úkh hkq
yqfola kS;s Í;s moaO;shla fkd j wdOHd;añl ÈhqKfq õ fldgila
fuka u M,hla hkak meyeÈ,s fõ'
iii
4 is;g wdydr
iv
wpdka pd ysñ 5
wkqjdolf.ka''''''''
nqÿka jykafia úiska wjfndaO lr.kq ,enQ ta YS% ioaOu_h
Wkajykafia úiska f,dal i;a;ajhka Wfoid foaYkd lrkq
,enqfha fuf,dfjys §;a" mrf,dfjys §;a iekis,s iqjfhka
miqùfï l%uh Tjqkg lshd §u i|ydh' Wkajykafiaf.a oyu
;=< thg w¯< l%uh mj;S' tu Ou_h .ek fmd;m;ska
bf.kSfuka fyda thg ijka §u ;=<ska muKla wfmaÌs;
mrud¾:h bgq lr .; fkd yels fjhs' m%dfhda.sl mqyqKqjla
o ta i|yd wksjdhH_fhka u wjYH fjhs' tfia fkdjqj fyd;a
th frda.hg ms<shï jYfhka ffjoHjrhd úiska ,shd fokq
,nk fnfy;a jÜfgdarej lshjñka kshu lrk ,o T!IO
j._ fkdf.k isàug iudkh' tu T!IO fkdf.k isàfuka
frda.h iqj jkq we;ehs mejiSu uqidjla fuka u uq<djls'
v
6 is;g wdydr
ví,sõ' iq.;odi
vi
wpdka pd ysñ 7
ye¢kaùu
NslaIq Ydikh .ek;a" mqyqKqfõ m%jdylhla jYfhka tys
we;s m%fhdackh .ek;a wjOdrKfhka mjid isàu mQcH wpdka
pd ysñhkaf.a b.ekaùïj, úYsIag ,laIKhls' fï ;=<ska
idudkH f.dúhdf.a isg úYaj úoHd, uydpdhH_jrhd olajd
iudcfha úúO ;rd;srïj, ñksiqka iu. woyia yqjudre lr
.ekSug yels jk mßÈ .sys mqoa.,hkag b.ekaùu i|yd
Wkajykafia ;=< meje;s iqúfYaI yelshdj neyer lr,Sula
woyia fkd flf¾' ;dhs,ka;h fuka u bkamiq tx.,ka;h"
´iafÜ%,shdj" hqfrdamh wd§ rgj, mjd Wkajykafia jgd
f.dv ke.=kq fikiqkj a ,ska wpdka pd ysñhkaf.a b.ekaùïj,;a"
ix> iudc msysgqùfï;a m%;sM, fudkjg Èiafjhs' §>_ ld,Sk
m%;sM, ,eîu i|yd NslaIq Ydikh ngysr rgj, msysgqùfï
wjYH;djh Wkajykafia l,a ;shd u oek isá fial'
viii
wpdka pd ysñ 9
bx.S%is mßj¾;l
ix
10 is;g wdydr
n¾á ,shkudk
ixialdrl
x
wpdka pd ysñ 11
mgq k
01' fmrjok III
02' wkqjdolf.ka V
xi
12 is;g wdydr is ; g wdydr
wpdka pd ysñ 13
O¾u hqoaOh
f,daNh iu.;a igka lrkak" oafõYh iu.;a igka
lrkak" fudayh iu.;a igka lrkak''''fïjd ;ud Tfí
i;=rka' nqÿka jykafiaf.a ud._h jQ nqÿ oyu m%.=K lsÍfï §
bjis,su;a f,i ú| ord .ksñka wm igka lrkafka Ou_h
;=<sks' tu igk wm lrkafka is; ;=< iSudjla fkdue;sj
mj;sk wm%udK .;s ,laIKhkag tfrys lghq;= lsÍu ;=<sks'
Ou_h yd f,dalh tlsfkl yd ne£ mj;S' Ou_h mj;skfa ka
fld;ekl o" f,dalh;a t;ek u mj;S' f,dalh mj;skafka
fld;ekl o" Ou_h;a t;ek u mj;S' flf,iqka mj;skafka
fld;ekl o" tajdg úreoaOj igkalr tajd ch.kakd mqo.a ,fhda
o isá;s' fuh we;=<;ska igka lsÍu hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs'
ñksiqka msg;sska igka je§u i|yd ;ukaf.a w;aj,g .kafka
oud .eiSug fndaïn;a" fjä ;eîug ;=jlal=;ah' ta ;=<ska ch
fuka u mrdch;a w;afjhs' wkqka hg;a lr .ekSu f,dalfha
mj;akd iajNdjhhs' Ou_h m%.=K lsÍug hEfï § wmg wkqka
iu. igkla ke;' ta fjkqjg wm lrkafka wfma yeu ufkda
Ndjhla u bjis,su;a j ú| ord .ksñka yd tajdg ndOd
muqKqjñka wfma is;a ch .ekSuhs'
Ou_h m%.=K lsÍu .ek l:d lrk úg" wms wm ;=<
ffjrhla fyda oafõYhla fy` mj;ajd fkd .ksuq' ta fjkqjg
wfma is;=ú,s yd ls%hdjka ;=<ska mek k.sk BI_Hdj" oafõYh
yd wukdmh jeks ish¨ u wdldrfha kmqre .;s w;ayer
ouuq' ffjrh ch.; yels jkafka wfma is;a hg oafõYh yd
m<s.ekSfï fÉ;kdj ;nd .ekSu ;=<ska fkd fõ'
is;a ßojk wdldrfha lsh% djka yd m<s.ekSï w;r fjkila
meje;sh o tajd ;=< ióm iïnkaO;djhla o mj;S' jrla jQ
isÿùula thska wjika jkq we;' thg ffjrfhka yd
m<s.ekSfuka ms<s;=re Èh hq;= ke;' fuh" ls%hdj fyj;a lu_h
hkqfjka mejfia' ffjrh hkq ˆˆTn tal l< ksid ud Tn
w,a,d .kak jeks is;sú,sj,ska hq;= j tu ls%hdj ;j;a
bÈßhg f.k hEuhs' fuys fl<jrla oelSug fkd yelsh'
14 is;g wdydr
wkqka ta .ek l=ula mejiqj;a wms wfma uki .ek okakd ksid
thska ii, fkd fjuq' túg wm fld;ekl isáh;a wmg iekis,s
iqjfhka úiSug yels fjhs'
mqyqKq ùu uE;l § mgka .;a iuyr NslaIQka yd
idufKarjreka fï jeäysá wdpdhH_ ysñhka kï t;rï ilauka
lsÍula fyda jdäù Ndjkd lsÍula fyda lrk njla olakg
fkd ,efnhs" hkqfjka l,amkd lsÍug ms<sjk' Tn fï
ldrKfha È Tfí wdpdhH_ ysñhka wkqlrKh fkdl< hq;=h'
Tn jvd fyd¢ka lrkq úkd wkqlrKh lsÍug fkd hkak'
jvd fyd¢ka lsÍu tla fohla jk w;r wkqlrKh lsÍu
;j;a fohls' fï iïnkaOfhka mj;sk kshu ;;a;ajh kï"
jeäysá wdpdhH_ ysñhka ;ukag u úfYaIs; tla;rd wdldrhl
Ydka; iqj¯hl udkisl ;,hl miqjk njh' mqyqKqj msg;ska
olakg fkd,enqK o Wkajykafia úiska th we;=<;ska isÿ
lrkq ,nhs' Wkajykafiaf.a uki ;=< mj;sk ;;a;ajh l=ula
o lshd weiska ±lsh fkd yelsh' Ou_h mqyqKqùu ukiska
isÿlrkq ,nkakls' Wkajykafiaf.a mqyqKqj ls%hdjka ;=<ska
fyda l:dj ;=<ska ØYHudk úh yels fkdjqj;a Wkajykafiaf.a
ukfia wdldrh Bg jvd fjkiah'
fï wkqj §>_ ld,hla mqyqKqfõ fhfoñka ta ;=<ska
m%ùk;ajhg m;a hï wdpdhH_jrhl= jqjfyd;a Tyq Tyqf.a
ls%hdjka yd l:dj w;ayer oud we;s njla fmfk;;a ;ukaf.a
uki /l.ksñka isáhs' Tyqf.a uki ixis|S we;' msg;ska
lrkq ,nk ls%hdjka foi n,ñka Tn Tyq wkqlrKh lsÍu
i|yd W;aidy lsÍug ms<sjk' Tn w;ayer ±ófuys fhfoñka"
lshkakg we;s l=ula fyda mjiñka Tyq wkqlrKh lsßu
i|yd W;aidy lsÍug ms<sjk' kuq;a Tn ta lrkafka tu
wdpdhH_jrhd lrk fohu fkd fõ' Tn isákafka .=rejrhd
isák ;;a;ajhg iudk ;;a;ajhlska o fkd fõ' fï .ek
is;d n,kak'
oeka fuys we;s ienE fjki fuhhs' Tn lghq;= lrkafka
fjk;a wdldrhl uÜgïj, /f|ñks' wdpdhH_jrhd Tfya kslï
u kslï jdäù isák njla olakg ,enqK;a" Tyq isákafka
wpdka pd ysñ 47
ldu m%jdyh
rEm" Yío" ri" .kaO yd iamY_ hk fïjd ;=< .s,S isàu
ldfuda>fha fyj;a ldu m%jdyfha .s,Suhs' tfia .sf,kafka wm
ndysr foaj,a foi n,k kuq;a wfma wNHka;rh foi fkd
n,k ksihs' ñksiqka yqfola u lrkqfha wkqka foi ne,Su ñi
;uka foi ne,Su fkd fõ' Tjqkg wksla yeu flkl=ka u
oelSug yels jqj;a ;uka oelSug fkd yelsh' tfia jkafka
th t;rï wmyiq fohla ksid fkd j Tjqka yqfola ta .ek
ienE jYfhka u W;aidy fkd lrk ksidh'
fuhg WodyrKhla f,i rEu;a ldka;djla f.k n,kak'
weh oelSfï fya;=fjka Tng isÿ jkafka l=ula o@ Tn wef.a
uqyqK ÿgq ieKska wksla yeu fohla u oel .kafkysh'
fuhska woyia jk foh Tng meyeÈ,so@ ldka;djla ÿgq úg
isÿjk foh l=ula o lshd ±l .ekSug kï Tfí uki ;=<g
yqfola tî n,kak' weiaj,ska olskafka iaj,am m%udKhla
jqj;a b;sß ish,a, oel .kafka uki úisks' th t;rï
fõ.j;a j ls%hd;aul jkafka ulaksido@
th tfia jkafka Tn ldfuda>h ;=< .sf,k ksidh' ta
;=< .sf,k Tn ta ÿgq foh .ek l,amkd lrkafkysh' ta .ek
isysk ujñka tys u t,a,S .kafkysh' Tn fï wdldrfhka
m;aù isákqfha jy,l=f.a ;;a;ajhgh' Tfí md,kh mj;skafka
;j;a flkl= wf;ah' tu wh Tng jdäjkakg lshQ úg Tn
jdä úh hq;=h' weúÈkakg lshQ úg weúÈh hq;=h' Tn Tjqkaf.a
jy,d njg m;aj we;s ksid Tjqkaf.a wKg wlSlre úh fkd
yel' bkaøh
s hkag jy,a ùu fï wdldrfha fohls' thska .e,ùu
i|yd fl;rï m%n, W;aidyhl fhÿk;a th l< fkd yelsh'
.e,ùu wkqka w;ska isÿjk f;la n,d isáh fyd;a Tn ienE
f,iska u lrorfha jefgkafkysh' tu ksid thska .e,ùu
isÿl< hq;af;a Tn úiska uh'
nqÿka jykafia fuu Ou_h mqyqKqùu;a" ÿl ch .ekSu;a
wmg u Ndr lf<a ta ksidh' fï i|yd WodyrKhla jYfhka
98 is;g wdydr
ìysiqKq /hla
Tn ;=< we;s Th ìh olskak'''''? fnda ùug Tkak
fukak lshd ;=nQ tla iekaoEjl lsis u fya;=jla fkdue;sj'''''
tfia u lrkakg hk foh iïnkaO fyd| krl ne,Sug .sfha
kï th lsis odl fkdlrk ksid" uu tla Wmia:dhlhl=;a
legqj tu .uk hEug msg;ajQfhñ'
ˆˆñh hEug ld,h meñK we;akï Tfya ñh .shdfj"
uki ta;rï ys;=jlaldr f,i yd w{dk f,i mej;Sug
hkafka kï ud Tfya ñh .shdfj'˜˜ ud l,amkd lf<a ta
wdldrhgh' we;a; jYfhka kï tys hEu i|yd ug lsis
jqjukdjla fkd ;snqKs' tu ksid tu .uk hEug uu uf.a
ukig n, lf<ñ' fu jeks fohla lrkakg hdfï § yeu
fohla u yß hk f;la n,d isáh fyd;a th lsis Èkl
fkdflfrkq we;' ta fjkqfjka Tn yev .efikafka ljodo@
ud hEug msg;a jQfha wkak ta ksidh'
ud lsisÈkl fidfydka msáhl ,e.=ï f.k ke;' tys
.sh miq ug we;s jQ yeÕSu l=uk wdldrfha tlla o lshd
jpkj,ska úia;r l< fkd yelsh' uf.a Wmia:dhlg;a wjYH
jQfha ud isá wdikakfha u kej;Sughs' tfia jqj;a uu thg
bv kqÿksñ' Tyq ug wE;ska isàu i|yd wjYH lghq;= Tyqg
i,id ÿksñ' we;a; jYfhka kï ug wjYH jQfha;a uf.a
;kshg Tyq uf.a <Õska u isgqjd .ekSugh' kuq;a ta i|yd
bvla fkd;nd uu Tyq wE;g hejQfhñ' ud tfia fkdlf<a
kï" iuyr úg ud Tyqf.a Woõ Wmldr ,nd .ekSu flfrys
úYajdihla ;eîug bv ;snqKs'
ˆˆth t;rï ìysiqKq tlla jqj fyd;a ud wo ?u jqj;a
ñh .shdfõ˜˜
uu ìfhka isá kuq;a th .Kklg fkd .;af;ñ' tfia
ìfhka isá kuq;a ud ;=< ffOhH_hla ;snK
q 's fldhs ieáhlska kuq;a
Tn wka;sfï § urKhg m;a úh hq;=h'
114 is;g wdydr
h:d¾:h ±lSu
miaj. ;jqika úiska w;ayer oud hkq ,enQ isoaOd¾:
fndai;dKka jykafia Tjqkaf.a tu ls%hdj" ;uka jykafia
fjkqfjka f.k ÿka jdikdjla f,i ±l .;ay' tfia jQfha
Wkajykafiag ndOdjlska f;drj ;uka jykafiaf.a mqyqKqj
È.ska È.g u lrf.k hdfï yelshdjla ,enqK ksidh'
miaj. ;jqika iuÕ tlg úiSu Wkajykafiag t;rï
iekis,sodhl fohla fkd jQfha bgq lsÍu i|yd hï j.lSï
;uka j yka f ia fj; mejÍ ;= n Q ks i dh' mia j . ;jq i ka
fndai;dKka jykafia w;ayer oukq ,enqfõ Wkajykafiaf.a
mqyK
q j
q ksis wdldrhg isÿ fkdflfrk nj yd lduiqL,a,l s dkq
fhda.h fj; Wkajykafia keUqre ù we;s nj olakg jQ
fyhsks' fndai;dKka jykafia Bg m<uq j ;jqia oyu yd
w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h ;=< jqjukdfjka u ksr; ù yqkafial'
wdydr mdk .ekSu" ksod.ekSu jeks foaj,a iïnkaOfhka
Wkajykafia b;d ±ä f,i mSvdjg m;aù isáhy' tfia jqj;a
ta .ek wjxl j is;d ne¨ Wkajykafia tjeks mqyqKqùï
M,la fkdue;s tajd jYfhka jgyd .;ay' udkh yd ;Èka
w,a,d .ekSu ;=<ska isÿ flfrk t jeks mqyqKqùï yqfola
oDIaàkaj,g u wod,jk ldrKhla úh' f,!lsl jákdlï
.ek jerÈ wdldrfhka jgyd f.k ;snQ Wkajykafia ˆˆi;Hh˜˜
hkak;a tajduh hkqfjkq;a jgyd f.k ;snqKs'
WodyrKhla jYfhka hï flkl= m%Yxidjla ,eîfï
fÉ;kdfjka hq;= j ;jqia oï jeãug ;SrKh lrkq ,enqj
fyd;a th ˆˆf,!lsl fm<Uùula˜˜ ;=<ska fuka u m%Yxidj yd
lS¾;sh n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka u lrkq ,nkakls' fujeks
fÉ;kdjlska hq;= j isÿ lrkq ,nk mqyqKqj f,!lsl ud._hg
wh;a lghq;= i;Hhhs hkqfjka jgyd .ekSula f,i y÷kajd
Èh yels fjhs'
mqyqKq ùu i|yd we;s ;j;a l%uhla jkqfha ˆˆ;ukaf.a u
oelS i;Hh f,i jrojd .ekSuhs' Tn úYajdih ;nkafka
Tn .ek;a" Tfí mqyqKqj flfrys;a muKs' wkqka l=ula
190 is;g wdydr
foaYkd lf<a ;ud hhs lshd .kakd flkl= fuu YÍrh ;=<
fkdue;s njh' kuq;a wms th ;ud hhs lshd .kakd flkl=
jYfhka o" ˆˆwm˜˜ yd ˆˆTjqka˜˜ hkqfjka lshd .kakd flkl=
jYfhka o f.k th ;rfha w,a,d .ksuq' YÍrh fjkia jk
úg th tfia ùu wmg wjYH ke;' fï .ek fl;rï lreKq
lshd ÿkak o wmg tajd fkd f;afrhs' ud ta .ek Rcqj u
m%ldY l< fyd;a Tn oeka fï isákjdg;a jvd /jàug
m;ajkafkysh' ;ud hk flkl= ke; lshd mejiqj fyd;a
Tn ;j jeäfhka fkdu. hEug mjd ms<sjk' ;j;a jeäfhka
wmeyeÈ,s ;;a;ajhlg jeàug mjd ms<sjk' Tfí mqyqKqj
;=<ska mqoa., ix{dj jeä ÈhqKqfjhs'
tu ksid fndfyda fofkla fuu ;ud hkak .ek fkd
oks;s' th oel .kq ,nkafka fuh mqoa.,hl= fyda mqoa.,hl=g
wh;a fohla fkd fõ hkqfjka oel .kakd flkl= úisks' Tyq
úiska ;ud hkak oel .kq ,nkafka th iajNdj Ou_h ;=<
mj;akd wdldrfhks' mqoa., ix{dj ;Èka w,a,d .ekSu ksid
we;sjk Yla;sh ;=<ska my< jk oelSu kshu oelSula fkd
fõ' ;Èka w,a,d .ekSu ksid wm lrk fuu uq¿ ldhH_hg u
ndOd we;s fjhs' fuu YÍrh mj;akd wdldrh .ek wjfndaOhla
,nd .; fkd yels jkafka Wmdodkh u.ska ish,a,la oeä j
w,a,d f.k we;s ksidh'
tu ksid m%{dfjka hq;= j meyeÈ,s f,i oelSu i|yd
wm mqyqKqfõ fhÈh hq;= nj W.kajd § ;sfí' fuhska woyia
jkafka ixialdrhkaf.a kshu iajNdjhg wkq j tajd .ek
úu¾Ykh lr ne,Suhs' fï i|yd Wmfhda.S lr .; hq;=
jkafka m%{djhs' ixialdrhkaf.a ienE iajNdjh .ek oel
.ekSu m%{djhs' Tn ixialdrhkaf.a ienE iajNdjh fkd±k
isáh fyd;a tajdg ks;r u úreoaO fjñka tajd iu. m%Yak
idod .kafkysh' tfia kï jvd fyd| ixialdrhka w;yer
oeóu o" fkdtfia kï tajdg úreoaO ùu fyda tfrys ùuo@
tfia jqj;a wm tajdhska ;ju;a b,a,d isákafka wfma me;=ï
bgq lr fok f,ih' ta wkq j tajdfha ms<sfj,la we;s lsÍug
fyda tajd wfma jdihg yrjd .ekSug wms fkdfhl=;a Wml%u
wpdka pd ysñ 195