Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Hedrick
Chem 32 Section S
10/11/02
Purpose: To study the properties of elements in two families, the alkaline earth
metals (Group IIA) and the halogens (Group VIIA). To understand oxidation
reduction reactions and relative strengths of oxidizing and reducing agents and
how these correlate to the trends on the periodic table of elements.
Experimental Plan: The instructions for this plan were based on The Thompson
General Chemistry 2 Lab Manual, pages 6973. The only change was that Part
IV was excluded from our tests.
Data and Observations:
Part I
Ba(NO3)2 Ca(NO3)2 Mg(NO3)2 Sr(NO3)2
H2SO4 sS sS S I
milky tiny particles, totally clear participate in
mostly clear bottom
Na2CO3 sS I I I
milky milky, but very very thick milk definate
thick precipitate
layer
(NH4)2C2O4 I sS S sS
distinct layers milky, clear “thicker” milk,
of solution homogeneous grainy
precipitate
KIO3 I sS S sS
pretty solid tiny amount of clear tiny amount of
precipitate precipitate at precipitate
bottom
Andrew T. Hedrick
Chem 32 Section S
10/11/02
Part II
These are the colors that the halogenized waters show with hexane:
Br2 water Cl2 water I2 water
Hexane Orange Clear Pink
Andrew T. Hedrick
Chem 32 Section S
10/11/02
These are the colors that the respective waters changed to after adding salts:
NaCl NaBr NaI
Hexane + Br2 water orange orange pink (reddish)
Hexane + Cl2 water clear orange pink
Hexane + I2 water pink dark pink pink
We chose unknowns 2 and 4 and did multiple tests on them.
Unknown 2:
Agent Added Effect Possible Choices
H2SO4 Turned milky Contains Ba2+ or Sr2+ ions
(NH4)2C2O4 Layered Must contain Ba2+ ions
Hexane Remained Clear N/A
Hexane + Cl2 water Remained Clear Must contain Cl ions
Thus, unknown 2 must be the formation of the ions to make BaCl2.
Unknown 4:
Agent Added Effect Possible Choices
H2SO4 Remained very clear Contains Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions
KIO3 Remained totally clear Must contain Mg2+ ions
Hexane Remained Clear N/A
Hexane + Cl2 water Turned pink Must contain I ions
Thus, unknown 4 must be the formation of the ions to make MgI2.
Calculations:
No calculations on this report.
Results: Solubility (in order of most soluble to least) of the Group IIA elements
was found to be Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Oxidation (in order from weakest oxidizer to
strongest) strength was found to be I, Br, Cl. Unknown 2 was found to be the
compound BaCl2. Unknown 4 was found to be MgI2.
Conclusion: Solubility of the Group IIA elements told us how reactive (and thus
how good of an oxidizing agent) each element was. As we proceed down the
Andrew T. Hedrick
Chem 32 Section S
10/11/02
group on the periodic table, we can see that the heavier group IIA elements get
increasingly able to give up electrons. On the other side of the periodic table at
Group VIIA, species became better reducing agents as we went up the periodic
table. They become much better at oxidizing other materials as you get closer
and closer to Fluorine.