Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
3
Surveillance and Target Imaging/Target Recognition
FY 2010 Initiations
Multi-Dimensional Diverse Waveform Design for Multi-Antenna Sensing &
Surveillance Systems (Purdue University)
Develop a set of tools for matrix treatment of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) radar waveforms
which enable performance gains through jointly adaptive “transmit” and “receive” diversity.
Systematic design of “Barker phase-coded sequences” of length > 13 is due for a breakthrough.
Hybrid Camera Array for Tracking with Low Light (YIP Univ of Delaware)
Joint Information- and Differential-geometric Approach
in Automated Target Recognition (YIP Univ of Florida)
Sensing Surveillance
S.V. Amphay (RWGI): Azimuth-Scanning SAR Signal Processing, Imaging Strategies
B. Himed(RYAP): Radar Waveform Optimization
G. Arnold (RYAT): Model-based ATR for Air Force Missions, Invariance-based ATR
M. Rangaswamy (RYAP): Novel Waveform Design and Sensor Fusion for Integrated C4ISR
L. Perlovsky (RYHE): Theoretical Foundations of Multi-Platform Systems, Layered Sensing
J. Malas (RYAS): Characterization of System Uncertainties within a Sensor Information Channel
Why?
• Rapidly Dwindling Electromagnetic (EM) Spectrum
• Challenging Environments
• Multi-path Rich Scenarios
F SAR
MTI
Comm.
W1(t) W (t)
2 W3(t) ….
Wn(t)
B0 B1 B0 8
Available bandwidth
“Fully Adaptive” Radar (FAR)
Controller
Tracker
A priori
Information Classifier
9
MURI: Adaptive Waveform Design for Full Spectral
Dominance (2005-2010)
10
MURI: Adaptive Waveform Design for Full Spectral Dominance
Technology Transition/Transfer
GOAL:
Detect a moving target in the presence of
multipath reflections.
APPROACH:
Employ a wideband OFDM signal to resolve
Limited LOS returns in multipath and exploit the multipath propagations.
scenarios, e.g., urban environments Exploiting multipath reflections
improves detection
Develop a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) performance, as shown in this
test for detecting the target. ROC plot.
12
Exploiting multipath reflections improves the target detection performance
SAR Wish List
• Multi-function, robust, agile, adaptive system with performance guarantees
– operate in complex, rapidly varying environments
– achieve multiple, dynamically changing objectives
• Persistent, wide area coverage
• Guaranteed global access to cooperative and non-cooperative domains
• Tailored performance – information driven sensing
• Timeliness – Efficient access to relevant information
Move-Stop-Move
Vehicle Tracking
13
“GOTCHA” Radar
multiple-pass SAR (“persistent staring”)
ASC RY
B. Yazici, RPI
16
Start with Wave-front Set of a Function:
Edge
17
Bi-static Synthetic Aperture Radar
with topography
18
Micro-local Image Formation for Bi-static SAR
Bistatic Range
Bistatic Doppler
Flat topography
and fixed altitude 19
Non GPS-based Navigation: Achieve “Dependable”
Precision Navigation and Timing (PNT)
20
Design Optimized for Sensing Payload
21
Ionosphere Error:
The Most Variable GPS Error Sources
Diffraction/interference pattern
Figure from Inside GNSS Ground
23
Secure Communications Using Electromagnetism
Mobile Quantum Communications
RIGE: D. Hughes, J. Malowicki
• Air Force goal is high-rate, ultra-high security in data transmission (both in RF and
optical regime) and secret “key generation” process (eg, a modified LFSR).
• “Key generation” has employed mathematical methods such as “trap-door” functions;
a stronger method is “physically” to build-in a layer of covertness. (Standard RSA is
vulnerable to cracking through “quantum computing” and other methods.)
• In-house AFRL work is achieving high-rate quantum data encryption, interoperable
with existing networks both in fiber and in free space.
• Enhanced Air-to-Ground Lasercom System (EAGLS) experiment in free space, mobile
quantum communications, has demonstrated 2.5 Gb/s quantum-encrypted transport
between a fixed ground node and an aircraft at up to 20 kilometers.
• This demonstration has used varying phase states of coherent light, in which quantum
noise provides the “physical randomness” to the cipher-text, i.e. absolute covertness.