Philippine history

Policies and Programs

Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)

- Post war administration
- Independent country
- Proclaimation declaring huks as illegal; hukbalahap (hukbo laban sa mga hapon) – labanan ng mga Pilipino
- Proclaimed general amnesty for guerillas who killed in line with the resistance movement against the Japanese
- Opened Mindanao for agricultural expansion
- Philippines entered several agreements to US (e.g. Military Bases Agreement)
- Early 1990s, 1991 –
- Heart attack – died (did not finished his term)

Elpidio Quirino (1948 1953)

- Granted amnesty to all leaders and members of the Hukbalahap
- Anti-Huk campaign –“pabuya sa makakahuli kay Luis Taruc”
- Sent Filipino forces to South Korea in connection with the Korean war (1950-1953)
- “Ninoy Aquino” – 17 to 18 years old – popular in the Korean war; youngest journalist that covered Korean War

Ramon Magsaysay (1953 - 1957)

- Initiated programs to bring about rural upliftment and development such as “Land for the Landless”
- Most loved president
- Died due to a plane crash
- Ninoy Aquino was once again made known. Third party for the surrender of Hukbalahap.
- Surrender of Hukbalahap – one of the best achievements of the Magsaysay administration
- He continued the thrive against dissidents.

Sergio Osmenia Sr. (1944 - 1946)

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Carlos Garcia (1957-1961)

- He adopted Nationalist policies especially in the economic field
- His banner program included the “Filipino First” policy
- The congress enacted the anti-subversion law which outlawed Communism
- Japanese government paid 550 million dollars for the destruction caused by its forces in the Philippines

Diosdado Macapagal (1961 – 1965)

- Agrarian reform code was enacted
- He changed Philippine Independence day from July 4 to June 12
- Sabah was a part of Malaysia but rumors said that this place was not a part of Malaysia but of the Philippines
- He promised to claim SABAH if he would win against Carlos P. Garcia.
- Jovie Salonga represented the Philippines in the United Nations to file claims to SABAH
- Macapagal did not personally represent the Philippines in the International Court of Justice.
- Sta Nina Razul – Great great granddaughter of the owner of Sabah

Ferdinand Marcos (1965 – 1986)

- Philippines renewed its claim over Sabah
- Law graduate of University of the Philippines
- Son of Mariano Marcos – a politician who ran for Congressman against Nalundasan but was defeated
- He was offended when the Nalundasan family celebrated for the defeat of the Marcoses and killed Congressman
Nalundasan
- He was put in jail and used this time to study
- Ranked number one in his first Bar exams
- Got 93.5 in the second Bar exams and ranked third
- He was his own lawyer in defense of himself in the Regional Trial Court
- He was under the Nationalista party when he ran for senator.
- He was a Senate president.
- He was made by Diosdado Macapagal as a campaign manager to hinder him from running for president and was
promised to be the standard bearer of the Nationalista party after four years.
- Diosdado Macapagal ran for another term as president. Thus, his promise to Marcos was broken.
- Marcos transferred to the Liberal party.
- He was made the standard bearer of the Liberal party against Diosdado Macapagal for president.
- Jabidah Massacre: Jibin Arula – survivor of the massacre
- Military force was second best to Japan
- Ninoy Aquino – only brave person to go against Marcos; youngest senator
- Philippines joined the ASEAN in 1967
- September 21, 1972 – Martial Law was declared

Corazon Aquino (1986 – 1992)

- Restored rdmocratic institution
- Presidency was threatened by coup and rebellions
- 7 coup attempts against Cory administration
 - February 7, 1986 – SNAP elections against Marcos
- Executive order 1 : Presidential Commission on Good Governance
>> made to recover the ill-gotten wealthy of the Marcoses

Fidel Ramos (1992 - 1998)

- The government dismantled monopolies like telephone companies
- Deregulated banking and oil industries and liberalized aviation services
- Approved the privatization of government controlled cooperation
- Adopted information technology to improve the delivery of services
- Created the presidential anti-crime commission
- Panfilo Lacson was first made known through the anti-crime commission

Joseph Estrada (1998 – 2001)

- Initiation of the pro-poor program

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001 - 2010)