Lab 05

Lab Title: Base Band Demodulation

Lab Objective: In this lab we will learn

• Demodulation using an Averaging Receiver
• Plotting BER versus SNR

Tools used: MATLAB

Lab Description:
Digital speech signals that have been encoded via PCM are usually transmitted
by means of digital modulation. A binary digital communication system employs
two signal waveform say s1(t) =s(t) and s2(t)=-s(t) to transmit the binary sequence
representing speech signal. The signal waveform s(t), which is non-zero over the
interval 0≤t≤T, is transmitted to the receiver if the data bit is a 1, and the signal
waveform is –s(t) 0≤t≤T is transmitted if the data bit is 0. The time interval T is
called the signal interval, and the bit rate over the channel is R=1/T bits per
second. A typical signal waveform is a rectangular pulse that is s(t)=A. 0≤t≤T
which has energy A2T

In practice the signal waveform transmitted over the channel are corrupted by the
additive noise and other types of the channel distortions that ultimately limit the
performance of the communication system. As a measure of the performance we
normally use the average probability of error, which is often called as bit error.

The purpose of this project is to investigate the performance of a binary data

communication system on an additive noise channel by means of simulation. The
basic configuration of the system to be simulated is shown in figure
 Model of Binary Data Communication

Five steps are required to implement a system given in above figure

Step 1:
A binary data generator module that generate a sequence of independent binary
digits with equal probability.

Step 2:
A modulator that maps a binary digit 1 into a sequence of M consecutive +1’s ,
and maps a binary digit 0 into a sequence of M consecutive -1’s. Thus the M
consecutive +1’s represent a sampled version of the rectangular pulse.

Step 3:
A noise generator that generates a sequence of uniformly distributed numbers
over the interval (-a, a). Each noise sample is added to a corresponding signal
sample

Step 4:
A module that sum the M successive output of the the noise corrupted sequence
+1’s or -1’s received from the channel. We assume that the demodulator is time
synchronized so that it knows the beginning and end of each waveform.
Step 5:
A detector and error counting module. The detector compares the output of the
modulator with zero and decides in the favor of 1 if the output is greater than zero
and in favor of 0 if the output is less than zero. If the output of the detector does
not agree with the transmitted bit from the transmitter, an error is counted by the
counter. The error rate depends on ratio (called signal-to-noise ratio) of the size
of M, to the additive noise power, which is Pn.

The measured error rate can be plotted for different values of signal-to-noise
ratio. Either by changing the size of M and keeping Pn fixed and vice-versa.
Lab Tasks:
 Perform this lab for values of SNR ranging from -40 db to 40 db and plot
BER Vs SNR.
 Repeat the process for different modulation schemes
 Comment on the results obtained.

Lab performed on (date): ___________ Signature: ______________

Checked by: ________________________ Date: ______________

Marks Awarded: ____________

Comments: