Sie sind auf Seite 1von 7

RF ID SYSTEM FOR ROBOT TRACKING

INTRODUCTION:

This project is an advanced system for Toll Gate Automation and ROBOT
Tracking. Here this system is designed to automatically keep track if ROBOT’s
movement, record the timing and also the details like Owner’s Name, Date of
registration, ROBOT Model etc.

This project is very useful for automatic ROBOT Tracking, Time


management and also for Automation of Toll Gates. This system basically
consists of a set of ID Chips ( set of Transmitter & Receiver ), Decoder, Code
Analyser, Interfacing and a PC with the customised software module.

This project is a step towards improving the Tracking & Monitoring of


ROBOTs travelling in predetermined routes. Here, this computerised system
automatically identifies to approaching ROBOT and records the ROBOT Number
& Time and if the ROBOT belongs to the authorised person / group, it
automatically opens the Toll Gate and the corresponding amount is
automatically deducted in the PC.

METHODOLOGY:
First unit has a detector which detects the coming ROBOT, then the Transmitter
source sends the ID signals and the ID receiver sensor are placed at receiving
end in a straight line at a particular distance from the recording station. So that
ID signals from the source are falling straight on the sensor. Two such units are
used, through buffer and decoder it gives the indication to the PC.

First unit is used to sense approaching ROBOT where as the second one
will receive the ID signals and it will display on the PC.

BUFFERS
The output of the Buffer is applied to the input port of the PC. Depending
on the input received the PC will Display the output as feeded. Buffers do not
affect the logical state of a digital signal (i.e. a logic 1 input results in a logic 1
1 Source : Magnum Technologies.
output whereas logic 0 input results in a logic 0 output). Buffers are normally
used to provide extra current drive at the output but can also be used to
regularise the logic present at an interface.

MODULATOR:
In order to transmit the sound signals, these sound signals are mixed with
the high frequency, which is known as the carrier frequency. The process of
mixing the sound signals with the carrier frequency is called Modulation and the
unit is known as Modulator.

DEMODULATOR:
In order to receive the sound signals, these sound signals are separated from
mixed sound signals with the high frequency, which is known as the carrier
frequency. The process of separating the sound signals from the carrier
frequency is called Demodulation and the unit is known as Demodulator.

DEMULTIPLEXER:
A De-multiplexer is a logic circuit that demultiplexes one input data line
to more than one data output lines. Which output line is active again depends
upon the logic status of the control lines. A generalised demultiplexer has one
data input, (n) data output lines and (m) control lines with 2 m = n.

Advantages:
• This application is very useful in any place or area.
• This application is easy to install and easy to operate.
• Manpower can be saved.
• More reliable than man.

2 Source : Magnum Technologies.


BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

RECEIVING END :

PRE VHF
AMPLIFIER RX
DETECTOR

DECODER/
DEMUX

OPTIONAL

DSP I/O PC

DRIVER

SOFTWARE &
DATABASE

TRANSMITTING END:

VHF ENCODER/
TX MODULATOR
MULTIPLEXER

P.S.U IR ID

3 Source : Magnum Technologies.


A PIR (passive infrared) detector coupled with an electric light is now widely
used for intruder protection. PIR are also available as stand-alone units which
usually have a switched output for controlling external loads. To enable the PIR
detector to work in daylight also, you have to cover the internal light/darkness
sensor (usually an LDR).

The PIR detector used in this circuit reacts to fast temperature variations
caused by the movement of people or animals in an enclosed space. All
mammals radiate a certain amount of heat, and it is this that causes local
variations in temperature. The radiant heat energy occupies the electromagnetic
spectrum between light and radio waves, i.e. 0.74….300 µ m, which is usually
called the infra-red region. The radiant energy is picked up by a Fresnel lens, at
the focus of which is a double differential pyroelectric sensor. The detector is
largely unaffected by other electrical radiation. Also, it does not react to
movement outside the guarded space.

METHODOLOGY
The space to be monitored is divided by the lens into a number of zones.
The number of zones depends on the number of segments of which the lens is
composed. When somebody moves from one zone into another, there is a
change in temperature which is collected by the lens as a variation in radiant
energy. At the focus of the lens is a pyroelectric sensor which reacts to such a
change by generating a small electric signal. That signal is processed and used
to actuate the alarm installation.

The signal generated by the sensor is filtered to filter out unwanted


frequencies. Filtered signal is amplified and fed to the schmitt trigger to shape
the pulses. The output of the schmitt trigger is used to trigger the monostable

4 Source : Magnum Technologies.


multivibrator. The high out of the monostable drives a relay via a relay driver.
The relay in turn activates the alarm.

APPLICATIONS
1) This system is used in shops to keep an eye on shop-lifters.
2) It can be used at homes to prevent intruders from invading your privacy.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PIR SCHMITT MONOSTABLE


FILTER AMPLIFIER
DETECTOR TRIGGER MULTIVIBRATOR

RELAY
DRIVER

RELAY

ALARM

Robotic systems have developed much beyond the first deaf, blind and dumb generation of
robots used in the industrial floor in the early days. Robots developed today are used in areas
which would previously have been unimaginable: in surgery, in the after care of patients in
5 Source : Magnum Technologies.
hospitals, in guarding prisons, in space exploration, underwater expeditions, in restaurants
and bars, in industries and even at homes.
The robotic model described here is just a model representation of the actual robot.
This model helps in designing the actual robot and estimating its abilities.

METHODOLOGY
Since the robotic model is remote controlled the circuit comprises of a handset and a
receiver section.
The handset draws its power from a battery. Tone coder is equipped with number of
switches for generating signals of different frequencies, each one for a specific task of the
robotic model. HF transmitter modulates the signal generated by the tone coder and transmits
it using the transmitting antenna.
On the receiver side, the receiving antenna picks up transmitted signal. A pre-amplifier
amplifies received signal and the receiving unit will separate the carrier frequency from the
received signal. The actual signal is then detected and decoded by the detector and the
decoder, respectively. The movement the output of the decoder goes high latching circuit will
get latched thus activating the driving circuit. Driving circuit output will drive the relay drivers.
The relay drivers draw power from a storage battery.
Sensor monitor unit keeps an eye on the obstacles coming in the path of the robot and
activates the buzzer the very movement it comes across a hurdle.

APPLICATIONS
1) It is used to design sophisticated robots.
2) It can be used to study various characteristics of a robot.

6 Source : Magnum Technologies.


BLOCK DIAGRAM

TX
ANTENNA
RECEIVING DETECTOR
PRE-AMPLIFIER
UNIT
RX
ANTENNA

H.F. TX
BUZZER

INPUT
POINTS SENSOR
TONE
CODER MONITOR

BATTERY

STORAGE
BATTERY

7 Source : Magnum Technologies.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen