Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
References
• Cunningham W.P. and Cunningham M.A. (2002), Principles of Environmental Science, Tata
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.
• Nathanson, J.A. (2002), Basic Environmental Technology: Water Supply Waste
Management and Pollution Control, 4th Ed. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
• Masters, G.M. (2004), Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, Prentice-Hall
of India, Second Indian Reprint.
• Davis, M. L. and Cornwell D. A. (1998), Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 2nd Ed.,
McGraw Hill, Singapore.
• Wright, R.T. (2007), Environmental Science: Towards a Sustainable Future, 9th Ed, Prentice
Hall of India, New Delhi.
• Supplementary Reading Materials (Selected Book Chapters and Papers)
Social
Environment Economic
• MSW comprises
– Residential,
– Commercial,
– Institutional,
– Industrial (not from the process) waste
– Construction & demolition waste
Major Components of MSW
Refuse Trash
Routine Aperiodic
collection collection
Waste Processing
Energy Recovery
Recycling
Final Disposal
Energy Savings Of Recycling
Material Relative energy needed to
manufacture versus energy
generated from EfW incineration
Newspaper 2.6 times
(ii) Vermicomposting
(ii) Bio-methanation
• Sanitary landfilling
Major outputs
Composting Compost
Biological
processes
Waste
processing
methods
Heat, gaseous
Incineration
emissions and
ash
Thermal
processes
Compost produced
Biological Processes…..
• Composting…..
9 Sometimes, sewage sludge or agricultural
residues are also added with MSW. This is called
‘co-composting’.
Which wastes? Non-woody yard Which wastes? Non-woody yard wastes are
wastes are the most appropriate. appropriate. Kitchen wastes without meat,
bones or fatty foods can be added to the
center of a pile if it is turned weekly and
reaches high temperatures.
Vermicomposting
• Vermicomposting is a method of preparing compost
with the help of earthworm.
• Baling
– Compacting solid waste into the form of rectangular blocks or
bales is called baling.
– MSW bales are typically 1.5 m3 in size and weigh roughly 1
kN.
– Bales are produced by compacting the solid waste under high
pressures (~ 0.7 MPa)
– Solid waste compaction ratio can be expressed in terms of
compaction ratio.
Compaction ratio = initial volume/ final volume
Computation of Percent Volume
Reduction After Compaction
• The initial volume of Solution:
a mass of solid Percent volume
waste is 15 m3. After reduction =
compaction, the (15 – 3)*100/15
volume is reduced
to 3 m3. Compute = 80%
the percent volume Compaction ratio =
reduction and the 15/3 = 5
compaction ratio.
Landfilling
• This is the oldest and most widely used
method for waste disposal.