Implementation of GAP Standards: Challenges and Lessons

National Policy Dialogue On Horticultural Market Access Issues
(Project on Capacity Building for Improved Policy Making and Negotiation on

Key Trade and Environment Issues) The Global Problem
Implementation of
EUREPGAP Standards : World Population continues to grow geometrically
Challenges and Lessons

Many Communities require more food
Christie F. Robert
qa plus asia-pacific sdn. Food production has to follow population
Growth and demand
bhd.
December 2-3, 2004
Manila, Philippines HUGE REQUIREMENT FOR AGRI-FOOD
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asia-pacific sdn bhd
Concerns on agricultural production

World Population
systems
1999 2050
¾ Agricultural progress has been rather uneven
6 billion 9 billion
as it addresses short-
short-term production
ASEAN problems and goals
2000 2050 ¾ Not long-
long-term ecological and economic
522 million 799 million sustainability
Arable Land Use
1950 2004 There is a need for
Safe and Sustainable
0.24 ha per person 0.12 ha per person Agricultural Production Systems
Source: Asean Secretariat / UNEP
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asia-pacific sdn bhd qa plus asia-
Feed
Grazing land
Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

Soil Water Paper /
Water Antibiotics Cardboard
Pesticides / Energy Water Plastics
Herbicides Cleaners / Transport
Glass
Fertilizer Sanitizers Fuels
Metals
Energy Energy Storage air-
Energy
Seeds conditioning Energy ¾ Depletion of natural resources
-water, fisheries, forests and bio-
bio-diversity
Livestock/fish
¾ Land degradation
production
-5 to 6 million ha of cropland is taken out of production annually
annually because of severe
soil degradation
¾ Land contamination
-uncontrolled use of pesticides and fertilizers
¾ Ground water contamination
Crop
Production Processing Packaging Distribution Consumption -nitrates and pesticides resulting from uncontrolled use
¾ CO2 and air emissions
-stemming from energy use throughout agri-agri-food chain
¾ Hazardous and urban waste
Soil loss Greenhouse
Greenhouse Solid Waste -generated from intermediary products from farm activities
Effluent Solid Waste Gas emissions
Contamination Gas emissions Food residues Other transport ¾ Food and bio-bio-safety issues
Harm to non- Manure
Target species Management
Emissions - increased use of land and use of GMO
Ozone layer
problems depleting
AGRI-FOOD LIFEqaCYCLE
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South East Asia: Environment:
Deforestation Rate 1990-
1990-2000 Pesticide Use
World 0.23 % per year Country Usage kg/ ha
ASEAN 1.04 % per year Vietnam .9 (est)(1996)
Asia overall < 0.1 % per year Malaysia 6.0 (1996)
7
Philippines 4.2 (est)(1996)
FOREST LOSS IN ASEAN Cambodia 3.6 (est)(1996)
1970 – 1990 1990-
1990-2000
Thailand 1.1 (1996,2000)
(average annual 15,720 23,260
Decrease sq km/year)
Source: ASEAN Secretariat Source: nationmaster.com

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South East Asia: Environment: South East Asia: Environment: Water-

Water-
Average Fertilizer consumption Freshwater Pollution
Country Kg per ha of cropland Country Metric Tons of BOD
(Year 2000) emissions per cubic km
Malaysia 187.8 of water
Philippines 0.69
Vietnam 285.3
Indonesia 73.8 Malaysia 0.40
Philippines 73.1
Indonesia 0.16
United Kingdom 285.8
Burma 0.00
United States 103.4
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators 2001
Source: FAO & FOAM
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Safety Issues 13 Nation Health Ministers Meeting

Bangkok, November 25,2004
¾ Microbiological contamination Influenza Pandemic
¾ Pesticide residuesin agrifood
¾ Residues in animal feed “Will affect every country in the world
¾ Chemical contamination of water leaving millions dead with no vaccines
¾ Worker exposure to chemicals available till next March” Dr. Klaus Stor –
WHO Global Influenza Programme
¾ Nutrition
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Agri-
Agri-Food trade
Developments
¾ Increased demand for food
¾ Increased shift to agri-
agri-food consumption
¾ Intensification of Agriculture
¾ Increasing concerns – Environment
- Food Safety
- Worker Welfare
¾ Agglomeration of Retail Business
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Agri-
Agri-Food trade Fundamental shift in the role of
Challenges standards today
Standards are strategic tools for :
¾ Need for certificated evidence to satisfy
¾ Market penetration
consumer concerns
¾ Management system coordination
¾ International credibility of Certificates
¾ Quality and Safety assurance
¾ Incorporation of Social and Environmental
production factors
¾ Product niche definition
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Regional and Product Group

Standards and agri-
agri-food trade Standards
Standards are now compulsory requirements
For most agricultural products ¾ Retailer specific HACCP (Codex) – based
Food Safety management systems
Has lead to the development of a plethora ¾ UK Assured produce
of standards:
•Retailer Standards
•Private Label Standards
¾ Sainsbury’s Working with suppliers Code of
•National Standards Practice
•International Standards
¾ SQF 2000
¾ British Retailers Consortium (BRC)
Have to be addressed by the producers for whom they ¾ Freshcare Code of Practice (Australia)
Are becoming increasingly essential for business
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Proliferation of standards & quality
assurance schemes
Consumers and industry are confused

Several standards to comply EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP
What standards do they implement?
The Global Partnership For Safe
How do they relate to each other?
And Sustainable Agriculture
Different auditor and audit procedures
Multiple Audits – Higher costs
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Why EUREPGAP? EUREPGAP

EUREPGAP Guiding Principles
¾ Satisfies minimum consumer requirements ¾ Protocols based on GAP and Generic HACCP
¾ Transparent and credible ¾ Stakeholder Consultation / Communication
¾ Supported by major Retailers ¾ Open Access for all producers
¾ Permits benchmarking ¾ Integrity of Certification process
¾ Mutual Recognition on a Transparent Basis
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¾ Available EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP Reference Standards ¾ Principles of EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP’s
’s global integrity
building progress:
¾ Fruit and Vegetables
¾ Flowers and Ornamentals ¾ Democratic Bottom-
Bottom-Up Governing
¾ Integrated Farm Assurance Structure
(Livestock and Combinable Crops)
¾ Integrated Farmed Fish Assurance z Active member involvement
(Salmonide Species) z Elected Committees
¾ (Green) Coffee z National Member Working Groups
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National / Regional Technical Working Groups
NL UK ITALY
BELGIUM Jan 2002 Sept 2002 July 2002 ¾ Principles of EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP’s
’s global integrity building
Feb 2002 progress:
SWITZERLAND
July 2002
¾ Relying on ISO Guide 65 (EN 45011) Accreditation
FRANCE
June 2002
MALAYSIA z All certification bodies
February 2003 z Restricting initial non-
non-accredited certification activities
z All Certification Bodies have had external system and and

SPAIN witness assessments before entering large scale certification
May 2002 activities
AUSTRALIA/
TASMANIA
CHILE
S. AFRICA July 2002
March 2003
March 2002
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¾ Principles of EUREPGAP’s
EUREPGAP’s global integrity ¾ Principles of EUREPGAP’s
EUREPGAP’s global integrity
building progress: building progress:
¾ Mandatory annual training of each Certification ¾ Publication of all approved CBs on the Website
Body
z Status and Scope of Accreditation
z Product scope specific z Contact Details
z Understanding and Interpretation z Country Offices
z Two-
Two-way communication
z World-
World-wide choice of CBs
z Contribution to global harmonisation
z Exchange of best certification practice
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¾ Principles of EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP’s
’s global integrity ¾ Principles of EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP’s
’s global integrity building
building progress: progress:
¾ Building up global data base

¾ Defining minimum auditor / farm inspector
qualification z All certified farmers / certificate holders
z All relevant certification details (status, scope, validity)
z Formal training and education z Data protection rules apply
z Working sector experience z Link to data bases of benchmarked schemes
z Audit experience z Public registration number confirmation
z Member access to registration number and product search
z Competent auditor / inspector performance z Link to IFS Data base
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EUREPGAP Protocol for Fresh Produce-
Produce-
Control Point Criteria
¾ Fruit and Vegetables: What has been achieved?
Food Safety Environmental Social Responsibility
¾ 27 Retail and Food Service Members
Traceability Varieties & Rootstock Worker Health, Safety & ¾ ~20.000 certified farms in 50 countries
Record Keeping Site History & Site Management Welfare
Internal Self-Inspection Irrigation & Fertigation ¾ 65 approved certification bodies in over 40 countries
Harvesting Waste & Pollution Management, Others
Produce Handling Waste-Recycling & Re-use Complaint Form ¾ 5 national schemes benchmarked
Fertilizer Use Environmental Issues ¾ Applications for benchmarking received or
Crop Protection
announced to come from Austria, Switzerland,
Belgium, France, New Zealand among others
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McDonald’s Quality Standards EUREPGAP

EUREPGAP & MAAP
¾ Logically, the standards was expanded to include ¾ EUREPGAP Integrated Farm Assurance
agricultural production
¾ McDonald’s Agricultural Assurance Program
Standard (IFA) is very compatible with
(MAAP) commenced in 2001 McDonald’s internal MAAP standards
¾ Original goals were ¾ McDonald’s welcomes the IFA Standard for
- to improve agricultural production of raw
livestock and combinable crops
materials used in our products,
- to fully include food safety & quality ¾ McDonald’s is working to make IFA the
systems right from the beginning reference standard for benchmarking
Source: Paper presented by Dr. Reinhard Keppel Source: Paper presented by Dr. Reinhard Keppel
Head of Quality Assurance – McDonald’s Europe Head of Quality Assurance – McDonald’s Europe
At EUREPGAP IFA Conference, Amsterdam 2004 At EUREPGAP IFA Conference, Amsterdam 2004
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¾ Principles of EUREPGAP’s
EUREPGAP’s global integrity Transparency in Benchmarking
building progress:
Independent Assessor
¾ Recognizing other Schemes via “Benchmarking” IAF member/MLA Signatory
Part of EA peer review process

z Transparent procedure and rules
z External, independent assessment Meets requirements of
ISO/IEC Guide 61:1996 “general requirements
z Document and witness (on site) assessment for the
z Appeals procedure assessment and accreditation
of Certification Bodies”
z Robust tool of recognition
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Supplier Members Retail and Food Service Members
Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™

Dekompressor „TIFF (LZW)“
benötigt.
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Associate Members Incentives to go for EUREPGAP

Certification
¾ Europe major importer of tropical and
subtropical fruits
Y 2002
10.7 million tonnes
47.5 % of total global import volume
US $ 6.2 billion
Philippines – Y 2002
2 million tonnes (US $375 million)
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FARM ACCREDITATION WHAT IS SALM ?

SCHEME OF MALAYSIA
(SALM) Objective
A program to recognize farms that adopt

Good Agricultural Practices (GAP),
operate in a sustainable and an
environmentally friendly way and yield
produces that are of quality and safe for
consumption
Source: Department of Agriculture,
Malaysia
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Role of Department of Agriculture in
SALM and Department of Agriculture
SALM Scheme
¾ SALM is a national program developed by the ¾ Itsextension officers in the various states
Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and provide advisory services in setting up the
Agro-
Agro-based Industry, Malaysia. scheme on farms
¾ The basic references used in developing SALM --
¾ The evaluation and certification audit is
FAO Draft on Good Agricultural Practice
conducted by the agricultural officers of the
- EUREPGAP
EUREPGAP - Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
- WHO/FAO Codex of Hygiene Practice for Primary Department
Production and Packaging of Fresh Fruits and ¾ The certification body is the Department of
Vegetables Agriculture
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Minimum standard of conditions to be

FARM ASPECTS EVALUATED fulfilled for accreditation
Legal Status of Farm ¾ The farm is a legal entity
Environmental Setting ¾ The farm has a soil inspection report
Agricultural Inputs For Production ¾ The soil and terrain is suitable for the intended
Agronomic Practices crop
Waste Disposal Management ¾ The farm is situated at an elevation less than
Workers Welfare and Safety 1000 meters above sea level – exemption is
given to those operated before 2002
Quality of Farm Produces
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Minimum standard of conditions to be Minimum standard of conditions to be

fulfilled for accreditation fulfilled for accreditation
¾ The farm practices sound soil conservation ¾ The pesticides used are legally registered by
measures the Pesticides Board
¾ The farm maintains up- up-to-
to-date records of ¾ The farm practices integrated pest
activities (17 types) management (IPM)
¾ Sewage or industrial sludge is not permitted ¾ The farm possesses a proper storage area for
for fertilization pesticides and fertilizers
¾ Genetically modified planting materials are not ¾ Farm workers use personal protective clothing
permitted when applying pesticides
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Minimum standard of conditions to be Total Number and Area of Accredited Farms
fulfilled for accreditation by Crop Type 2003
¾ The farm possesses a proper waste disposal plan Crop Types No. of Farms Area (ha)
¾ The farm practices good harvesting techniques,
handling and transport
¾ The farm employs workers that are legal (with ages Fruits 33 661
more than 16 years)
¾ Pesticide residues in farm produce are less than the
Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) of Schedule 16 of Vegetables 14 133
the Food Act 1983
¾ Contents of heavy metals below the permissible
limits of Schedule 14 of the Food Act, 1983 Others 0 0
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Total qa plus asia-
47
794
Pros & Cons of SALM Scheme Other Certification Programs

Pros
¾ Provides standard guidelines on GAP for farms ¾ SALT Scheme
¾ Scheme ensures farms adhere to the requirements through
the accreditation developed and managed by the Department of
¾ Advisory services provided by DOA’s extension officers Veterinary Services Malaysia
Cons ¾ SPLAM Scheme
¾ Both Advisory services and Certification are carried out by
DOA developed by the Department of Fisheries
¾ No external assessment Malaysia
¾ Open to doubts on transparency
¾ Lack of credibility in international markets
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Need for Malaysian Standard on GAP 30th December 2002
SALM Scheme is not a National Scheme but a

private label by the DOA.
National Standards are only issued by the
Department of Standards.
Only National Standards may be mandated by
law.
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Working Group on MS-
MS-GAP
Organization
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Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority of Malaysia
Standards Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia
Commercial Orchid Grower of Malaysia (COGAM)
Department of Agriculture (DOA KL)
Department of Agriculture (DOA Sabah)
Department of Agriculture (DOA Sarawak)
Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority of Malaysia
Golden Hope Plantations
Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia
Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
Malaysian Herbal Corporation (MHC)
Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)
Malaysian Palm Oil Association (MPOA)
Ministry of Health (MOH)
Ministry of Primary Industries
Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)
National Association of Small Holders (NASH)
Flower Growers Association of Malaysia
Federal Association of Vegetable Growers
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Benefits of Compliance to Standard
¾ Quality and safety assured

¾ Environmentally attractive
¾ Worker morale improved
¾ Facilitates continuous improvements
¾ Improved productivity
¾ Improved marketability of products
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Problems Experienced Solutions

¾ Documentation of procedures ¾ Capacity building
¾ Understanding of GAP requirements
¾ Communicating objectives and requirements to ¾ Product group instructions
workers ¾ Pre-
Pre-formatted documentation for records
¾ Maintenance of records, traceability recommendations
¾ IPM
¾ Pesticide residues ¾ Appropriate equipment and usage
¾ Inadequate equipment ¾ IT usage
¾ Management of system
¾ Small farmer issues
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Way Forward
To Ensure Acceptance of Horticultural Products
¾ A GAP Standard should be developed
¾ Benchmarking to EUREPGAP
¾ Capacity Building
Area of Business & Expertise
- Basic Hygiene
•Quality Assurance Systems in the - IPM
food chain, from the farm to the Stores - GAP requirements
•Software and data base solutions for ¾ Active participation in EUREPGAP and International
the inspection and certification bodies
committees
•Software solutions for the food ¾ Auditor Training
Processors with emphasis on traceability
¾ Establishment of Certification Bodies.
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Thank You
QA plus Asia-pacific sdn. bud
No. 132 A, Jalan Kasah, Medan Damansara,
50490 Kuala Lumpur
Tel: 603-20936195 Fax: 603- 20942920
E-mail: qaplus@consultant.com
Website: www.qaplusasia.com
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11

Implementation of GAP Standards: Challenges and Lessons

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Implementation of GAP Standards: Challenges and Lessons

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National Policy Dialogue On Horticultural Market Access Issues

(Project on Capacity Building for Improved Policy Making and Negotiation on

Challenges and Lessons

Concerns on agricultural production

Environmental Impacts of Agriculture

Source: ASEAN Secretariat Source: nationmaster.com

South East Asia: Environment: South East Asia: Environment: Water-

Safety Issues 13 Nation Health Ministers Meeting

Regional and Product Group

 Consumers and industry are confused

Why EUREPGAP? EUREPGAP

z All Certification Bodies have had external system and and

¾ Building up global data base

McDonald’s Quality Standards EUREPGAP

¾ Recognizing other Schemes via “Benchmarking” IAF member/MLA Signatory

Part of EA peer review process

Zur Anzeige wird der QuickTime™

Associate Members Incentives to go for EUREPGAP

FARM ACCREDITATION WHAT IS SALM ?

A program to recognize farms that adopt

Minimum standard of conditions to be

Minimum standard of conditions to be Minimum standard of conditions to be

Pros & Cons of SALM Scheme Other Certification Programs

Need for Malaysian Standard on GAP 30th December 2002

 SALM Scheme is not a National Scheme but a

Benefits of Compliance to Standard

¾ Quality and safety assured

Problems Experienced Solutions

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen

Consumers and industry are confused

SALM Scheme is not a National Scheme but a