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Hindu astrology
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Current events Hindu astrology (also known as Indian astrology, more recently Vedic astrology, also Jyotish or Astrology
Random article Jyotisha, from Sanskrit jyotiṣa, from jyótis- "light, heavenly body") is the ancient Indian system of
Donate to Wikipedia astronomy and astrology. It has three branches:[citation needed]
Interaction Siddhanta: Indian astronomy.
Help Samhita: Mundane astrology, predicting important events related to countries such as war, earth
About Wikipedia quakes, political events, financial positions, electional astrology; house and construction related
Community portal matters (Vāstu Shāstra), animals, portents, omens etc.
Recent changes Hora: Predictive astrology in detail. Background
Contact Wikipedia History of astrology
The foundation of Hindu astrology is the notion of bandhu of the Vedas, (scriptures), which is the
Toolbox connection between the microcosm and the macrocosm. Practice relies primarily on the sidereal History of astronomy
zodiac, which is different from the tropical zodiac used in Western (Hellenistic) astrology in that an Astrology and astronomy
Print/export Traditions
ayanamsa adjustment is made for the gradual precession of the vernal equinox. Hindu astrology
Languages includes several nuanced sub-systems of interpretation and prediction with elements not found in Babylonian · Hellenistic
Česky Hellenistic astrology, such as its system of lunar mansions (nakshatras). Islamic · Western
Deutsch Hindu · Chinese
Astrology remains an important facet in the lives of many Hindus. In Hindu culture, newborns are
Eesti Sidereal vs. Tropical
traditionally named based on their jyotish charts, and astrological concepts are pervasive in the
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Español organization of the calendar and holidays as well as in many areas of life, such as in making
Français Branches of
decisions made about marriage, opening a new business, and moving into a new home. To some
ह द horoscopic astrology
extent, astrology even manages to retain a position among the sciences in modern India.[1] Following
Bahasa Indonesia a controversial judgement of the Andhra Pradesh High Court in 2001, some Indian universities even Natal astrology
Italiano offer advanced degrees in astrology.[2] Electional astrology
ქართული Horary astrology
Македонски Contents [hide] Mundane astrology
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1 English name
日本語 2 History Categories
Polski 3 Elements Astrologers
Português 3.1 Vargas Astrological texts
Русский 3.1.1 Chart styles Astrological writers
Svenska 3.2 Grahas – the planets Astrology Portal
ెల గ 3.3 Rāśi – the zodiac signs This box: view · talk · edit
Українська 3.4 Bhāvas – the houses
3.5 Nakshatras
3.6 Daśā-s - the planetary periods
3.7 Drishtis - the planetary aspects
3.8 Gocharas - the transits
3.9 Yogas - the planetary combinations
3.10 Dig bala - the directional strength
4 Horoscopy
4.1 Lagna – the ascendant
4.2 Atmakaraka - the soul significator
4.3 Gandanta - the karmic knot
4.4 Ayanamsa - the zodiac conversion
4.5 Moudhya - the combustion
4.6 Sade sati - the critical transit
5 Panchangam
6 In modern India
6.1 Innovations
6.2 Controversy
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 Bibliography
11 External links

English name [edit]

Hindu astrology had been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotisha since the early 19th century. Vedic astrology is a relatively
recent term, entering common usage in the 1980s with self-help publications on Ayurveda or Yoga. The qualifier "Vedic" is

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however a something of a misnomer,[3][4][5] as there is no mention of Jyotisha in the Vedas, and historical documentation
suggests horoscopic astrology in the Indian subcontinent was a Hellenic influence post-dating the Vedic period.[6]

History [edit]

Main article: Indian astronomy

Further information: Astrology and astronomy and Hindu chronology
The term jyotiṣa in the sense of one of the Vedanga, the six auxiliary disciplines of Vedic religion, is used in the Mundaka
Upanishad and thus likely dates to Mauryan times. The Vedanga Jyotisha redacted by Lagadha dates to the Mauryan period,
with rules for tracking the motions of the sun and the moon.
The documented history of Hindu astrology begins with the interaction of Indian and Hellenistic cultures in the Indo-Greek period.
The oldest surviving treatises, such as the Yavanajataka or the Brihat-Samhita, date to the early centuries CE. The Yavanajataka
("Sayings of the Greeks") was translated from Greek to Sanskrit by Yavanesvara during the 2nd century CE, under the patronage
of the Western Satrap Saka king Rudradaman I, and is considered the first Indian astrological treatise in the Sanskrit
language.[7]
The first named authors writing treatises on astronomy are from the 5th century CE, the date when the classical period of Indian
astronomy can be said to begin. Besides the theories of Aryabhata in the Aryabhatiya and the lost Arya-siddhānta, there is the
Pancha-Siddhāntika of Varahamihira.
The main texts upon which classical Indian astrology is based are early medieval compilations, notably the Bṛhat Parāśara
Horāśāstra, and Sārāvalī by Kalyāṇavarman. The Horashastra is a composite work of 71 chapters, of which the first part
(chapters 1-51) dates to the 7th to early 8th centuries and the second part (chapters 52-71) to the later 8th century. The Sārāvalī
likewise dates to around 800 CE.[8] English translations of these texts were published by N.N. Krishna Rau and V.B. Choudhari
in 1963 and 1961, respectively. Historically, the study of astrology in India was an important factor in the development of
astronomy in the Early Middle Ages.Ganaka is a cast in kerala, India famous for doing traditional hindu or vedic astrology as
there traditional career.

Elements [edit]

This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Please help improve this
article by introducing appropriate citations to additional sources. (October 2009)

Vargas [edit]
Main article: Varga (astrology)
There are sixteen varga (Sanskrit: varga, 'part, division'), or divisional, charts used in Hindu astrology:[9]

Varga Divisor Chart Purpose

Rasi 1 D-1 Natal chart
Hora 2 D-2 Overall wealth
Drekkana 3 D-3 Siblings
Chaturtamsha 4 D-4 Properties
Trimshamsha 5 D-5 Morals, ethics, spiritual values
Saptamsha 7 D-7 Children
Navamsha 9 D-9 Spouse, Etc.
Dashamsha 10 D-10 Earning Career
Dwadashamsha 12 D-12 Parents, Grandparents
Shodhashamsha 16 D-16 Vehicles
Vimshamsha 20 D-20 Upasana-s, Sādhana-s
Chaturvimsha 24 D-24 Education (higher)
Saptavimshamsha 27 D-27 Vitality
Khavedamsha 40 D-40 Quality of life
(From here on out,the birth time must be absolutely precise or the divisional chart is
Akshavedamsha 45 D-45
incorrect!!)
Shastiamsha 60 D-60 Used to differentiate between twins, etc., etc.

Chart styles [edit]

There are two chart styles used in Jyotiṣa:

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 North Indian South Indian

Grahas – the planets [edit]

Main article: Navagraha
Graha (Devanagari: ह, Sanskrit: graha, 'seizing, laying hold of, holding'.)[10]
Nine grahas, or navagrahas, are used:[11]

Sanskrit Name English Name Abbreviation Gender Guna

Surya (सू य) Sun Sy or Su M Sattva
Chandra (चं ) Moon Ch or Mo F Sattva
Mangala (मं गल) Mars Ma M Tamas
Budha (बुध) Mercury Bu or Me N Rajas
Brihaspati (बृह पित) Jupiter Gu or Ju M Sattva
Shukra (शु ) Venus Sk or Ve F Rajas
Shani (शिन) Saturn Sa M Tamas
Rahu (राहु ) North Lunar Node Ra M Tamas
Ketu (के तु) South Lunar Node Ke M Tamas

Planets in maximum exaltation, mooltrikona (own sign), and debilitation, are:[12]

Graha Exaltation Mooltrikona Debilitation Sign Rulership

Sun 10° Aries 4°-20° Leo 10° Libra Leo
Moon 3° Taurus 4°-20° Cancer 3° Scorpio Cancer
Mars 28° Capricorn 0°-12° Aries 28° Cancer Aries, Scorpio
Mercury 15° Virgo 16°-20° Virgo 15° Pisces Gemini, Virgo
Jupiter 5° Cancer 0°-10° Sagittarius 5° Capricorn Sagittarius, Pisces
Venus 27° Pisces 0°-15° Libra 27° Virgo Taurus, Libra
Saturn 20° Libra 0°-20° Aquarius 20° Aries Capricorn, Aquarius

Rahu and Ketu are exalted in Taurus/Scorpio and are also exalted in Gemini and Virgo.
The natural planetary relationships are:[13]

Graha Friends Neutral Enemies

Sun Moon, Mars, Jupiter Mercury Venus, Saturn
Moon Sun, Mercury Mars, Jupiter, Venus, Saturn Mercury, Venus, Saturn
Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter Venus, Saturn Mercury
Mercury Sun, Venus Mars, Jupiter, Saturn Moon
Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars Saturn Mercury, Venus
Venus Mercury, Saturn Mars, Jupiter Sun, Moon
Saturn Venus, Mercury Jupiter Sun, Moon, Mars
Rahu, Ketu Mercury, Venus, Saturn Mars Sun, Moon, Jupiter

Rāśi – the zodiac signs [edit]

The sidereal zodiac is an imaginary belt of 360 degrees (like the tropical zodiac), divided into 12 equal parts. Each twelfth part (of
30 degrees) is called a sign or rāśi (Sanskrit: rāśi, 'part'). Jyotiṣa and Western zodiacs differ in the method of measurement.
While synchronically, the two systems are identical, Jyotiṣa uses primarily the sidereal zodiac (in which stars are considered to
be the fixed background against which the motion of the planets is measured), whereas most Western astrology uses the
tropical zodiac (the motion of the planets is measured against the position of the Sun on the Spring equinox). This difference
becomes noticeable over time. After two millennia, as a result of the precession of the equinoxes, the origin of the ecliptic

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longitude has shifted by about 22 degrees. As a result the placement of planets in the Jyotiṣa system is consistent with the
actual zodiac, while in western astrology the planets fall into the following sign, as compared to their placement in the sidereal
zodiac, about two thirds of the time.

Tattva Ruling
Number Sanskrit Name Western/Greek Name Quality
(Element) Planet
1 Meṣa (मे ष) "ram" Aries (Κριός "ram") Tejas (Fire) Cara (Movable) Mars
2 Vṛṣabha (वृषभ) "bull" Taurus (Τα ρος "bull") Prithivi (Earth) Sthira (Fixed) Venus
Dvisvabhava
3 Mithuna (िमथुन) "twins" Gemini (Δίδυμοι "twins") Vayu (Air) Mercury
(Dual)
4 Karkaṭa (ककट) "crab" Cancer (Καρκίνος "crab") Jala (Water) Cara (Movable) Moon
5 Siṃha (िसं ह) "lion" Leo (Λέων "lion") Tejas (Fire) Sthira (Fixed) Sun
Dvisvabhava
6 Kanyā (क या) "girl" Virgo (Παρθένος "virgin") Prithivi (Earth) Mercury
(Dual)
7 Tulā (तुला) "balance" Libra (Ζυγός "balance") Vayu (Air) Cara (Movable) Venus
8 Vṛścika (वृ क) "scorpion" Scorpio (Σκoρπιός "scorpion") Jala (Water) Sthira (Fixed) Mars
Dvisvabhava
9 Dhanus (धनुष) "bow" Sagittarius (Τοξότης "archer") Tejas (Fire) Jupiter
(Dual)
Makara (मकर) "sea- Capricorn (Α γόκερως "goat-
10 Prithivi (Earth) Cara (Movable) Saturn
monster" horned")
11 Kumbha (कु भ) "pitcher" Aquarius ( δροχόος "water-pourer") Vayu (Air) Sthira (Fixed) Saturn
Dvisvabhava
12 Mīna (मीन) "fish" Pisces ( χθε ς "fish") Jala (Water) Jupiter
(Dual)

The zodiac signs in Hindu astrology correspond to parts of the body:[14]

Sign Part of Body

Meṣa (Aries) head
Vṛṣabha (Taurus) mouth
Mithuna (Gemini) arms
Karka (Cancer) two sides
Siṃha (Leo) heart
Kanyā (Virgo) digestive system
Tula (Libra) umbilical area
Vṛścika (Scorpio) generative organs
Dhanus (Sagittarius) thighs
Makara (Capricorn) knees
Kumbha (Aquarius) Lower part of legs
Mīna (Pisces) feet

Bhāvas – the houses [edit]

Main article: Bhāva
Bhāva (Sanskrit: bhāva, 'division'.) In Hindu astrology, the natal chart is the bhava chakra (Sanskrit: chakra, 'wheel'.) The bhava
chakra is the complete 360° circle of life, divided into houses, and represents our way of enacting the influences in the wheel.
Each house has associated karaka (Sanskrit: karaka, 'significator') planets that can alter the interpretation of a particular
house.[15]

House Name Karakas Meanings

1 Lagna Sun outer personality, physique, health/well-being, hair, appearance
Jupiter, Mercury, Venus,
2 Dhana wealth, family relationships, eating habits, speech, eyesight, death
Sun, Moon
3 Sahaja Mars natural state, innate temperament, courage, valor, virility, younger siblings
4 Sukha Moon inner life, emotions, home, property education, mother
5 Putra Jupiter creativity, children, spiritual practices, punya
acute illness, injury, openly known enemies, litigation, daily work, foreigners,
6 Ari Mars, Saturn
service
7 Yuvati Venus, Jupiter business and personal relationships, marriage, spouse, war, fighting
length of life, physical death, mokṣa, chronic illness, deep and ancient
8 Randhara Saturn
traditions
9 Dharma Jupiter, Sun luck, fortune, spirituality, dharma, guru, father
Mercury, Jupiter, Sun, dream fulfillment, knees and spine, current karmas, career, sky themes (being
10 Karma
Saturn 12am/mid heavens

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 gains, profits from work, ability to earn money, social contexts and
11 Labha Jupiter
organizations
12 Vyaya Saturn loss, intuition, imprisonment, feet, foreign travel, moksha

Nakshatras [edit]
Main article: Nakshatra
Nakshatra (Devanagari: न , Sanskrit: nakshatra, 'star', from naksha, 'approach', and tra, 'guard') or lunar mansion is one of
the 27 divisions of the sky, identified by the prominent star(s) in them, used in Hindu astrology.[16]
The 27 nakshatras cover 13°20’ of the ecliptic each. Each nakshatra is divided into quarters or padas of 3°20’:

# Name Location Ruler Pada 1 Pada 2 Pada 3 Pada 4

1 Ashvinī (अ नी) 0 - 13°20' Aries Ketu चु Chu चे Che चो Cho ला La
2 Bharanī (भरणी) 13°20' - 26°40' Aries Venus ली Li लू Lu ले Le पो Lo
3 Krittikā (कृ का) 26°40' Aries - 10°00' Taurus Sun अA ई I उU एE
4 Rohini (रो हणी) 10°00' - 23°20' Taurus Moon ओ O वा Va/Ba वी Vi/Bi वु Vu/Bu
5 Mrigashīrsha ( गृ शीषा) 23°20' Taurus - 6°40' Gemini Mars वे Ve/Be वो Vo/Bo का Ka क Ke
6 Ārdrā (आ ा) 6°40' - 20°00' Gemini Rahu कु Ku घ Gha ङ Ng/Na छ Chha
7 Punarvasu (पुनवसु ) 20°00' Gemini - 3°20' Cancer Jupiter के Ke को Ko हा Ha ह Hi
8 Pushya (पु य) 3°20' - 16°20' Cancer Saturn हु Hu हे He हो Ho ड Da
9 Āshleshā (आ ेषा) 16°40' Cancer - 0°00' Leo Mercury ड Di डू Du डे De डो Do
10 Maghā (मघा) 0°00' - 13°20' Leo Ketu मा Ma मी Mi मू Mu मे Me
Pūrva or Pūrva Phalgunī (पूव फा गुनी 13°20' - 26°40' Leo
11 Venus नो Mo टा Ta ट Ti टू Tu
)
Uttara or Uttara Phalgunī (उ र
12
फा गुनी) 26°40' Leo - 10°00' Virgo Sun टे Te टो To पा Pa पी Pi
13 Hasta (ह त) 10°00' - 23°20' Virgo Moon पू Pu ष Sha ण Na ठ Tha
14 Chitrā (िच ा) 23°20' Virgo - 6°40' Libra Mars पे Pe पो Po रा Ra र Ri
15 Svātī ( वाित) 6°40' - 20°00 Libra Rahu Ru रे Re रो Ro ता Ta
16 Vishākhā ( वशाखा) 20°00' Libra - 3°20' Scorpio Jupiter ती Ti तू Tu ते Te तो To
17 Anurādhā (अनुराधा) 3°20' - 16°40' Scorpio Saturn ना Na नी Ni नू Nu ने Ne
18 Jyeshtha ( ये ा) 16°40' Scorpio - 0°00' Sagittarius Mercury नो No या Ya यी Yi यू Yu
19 Mūla (मू ल) 0°00' - 13°20' Sagittarius Ketu ये Ye यो Yo भा Bha भी Bhi
20 Pūrva Ashādhā (पूवाषाढ़ा) 13°20' - 26°40' Sagittarius Venus भू Bhu धा Dha फा ढा Dha
Bha/Pha
26°40' Sagittarius - 10°00'
21 Uttara Ashādhā (उ राषाढ़ा) Sun भे Bhe भो Bho जा Ja जी Ji
Capricorn

22 Shravana ( वण) 10°00' - 23°20' Capricorn Moon

खी खू खे Jo/Khe खो
Ju/Khi Je/Khu Gha/Kho
23 Shravishthā (धन ा) or Dhanistā 23°20' Capricorn - 6°40' Aquarius Mars गा Ga गी Gi गु Gu गे Ge
Shatabhishā (शतिभषा)or
24 6°40' - 20°00' Aquarius Rahu गो Go सा Sa सी Si सू Su
Shatataraka
25 Pūrva Bhādrapadā (पूवभा पदा) 20°00' Aquarius - 3°20' Pisces Jupiter से Se सो So दा Da द Di
26 Uttara Bhādrapadā (उ रभा पदा) 3°20' - 16°40' Pisces Saturn दू Du थ Tha झ Jha ञ Da/Tra
27 Revatī (रे वती) 16°40' - 30°00' Pisces Mercury दे De दो Do च Cha ची Chi
Daśā-s - the planetary periods [edit]
Main article: Dasha (astrology)
Dasha (Devanagari: दशा, Sanskrit,daśā, 'planetary period'.) The dasha system shows which planets will be ruling at particular
times in Hindu astrology. There are several dasha systems; however, the primary system used by astrologers is the Vimshottari
dasha system. The first maha dasha is determined by the position of the natal Moon. Each maha dasha is divided into
subperiods called bhuktis. Vimshottari dasha lengths are:[17]

Maha Dasha Length Bhuktis

Ketu 7 Years Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury
Venus 20 Years Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu
Sun 6 Years Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus
Moon 10 Years Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun
Mars 7 Years Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon
Rahu 18 Years Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars
Jupiter 16 Years Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu

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Saturn 19 Years Saturn, Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter
Mercury 17 Years Mercury, Ketu, Venus, Sun, Moon, Mars, Rahu, Jupiter, Saturn

Drishtis - the planetary aspects [edit]

Drishti (Sanskrit: drishti, 'sight'.) In Hindu astrology, the aspect is to an entire sign, and grahas only cast forward aspects:[18]

Graha Houses
Sun 7th
Moon 7th
Mercury 7th
Venus 7th
Mars 4th, 7th, 8th
Jupiter 5th, 7th, 9th
Saturn 3rd, 7th, 10th
Rahu 5th,7th,9th
Ketu No aspect

Gocharas - the transits [edit]

Gochara (Sanskrit: gochara, 'transit'.) In Hindu astrology, a natal chart shows the actual positions of the grahas at the moment
of birth. Since that moment, the grahas have continued to move around the zodiac, interacting with the natal chart grahas. This
period of interaction is called gochara.[19]

Yogas - the planetary combinations [edit]

Yoga (Sanskrit: yoga, 'union'.) In Hindu astrology, yogas are planetary combinations placed in specific relationships to each
other.[20]
Kalasarpa Yoga is a dangerous yoga. If all planets (excepting Uranus, Neptune, Pluto) are 1-side of Rahu & Ketu, it becomes
Kala-Sarpa Yoga.

Dig bala - the directional strength [edit]

Dig bala (Sanskrit: dig bala, 'directional strength'.) Graha-s gain strength when they are placed in specific cardinal houses:[21]

House Grahas Direction

1st Jupiter, Mercury East
4th Venus, Moon North
7th Saturn West
10th Sun, Mars South

Horoscopy [edit]

Lagna – the ascendant [edit]

Main article: Lagna
Lagna (Sanskrit: lagna, 'ascendant'.) Lagna is the first moment of contact between the soul and its new life on earth in Hindu
astrology.[22]

Atmakaraka - the soul significator [edit]

Main article: Atmakaraka
Atmakaraka (Sanskrit: atmakaraka, from atma, 'soul', and karaka, 'significator' .) Atmakaraka is the significator of the soul's
desire in Hindu astrology.[23]

Gandanta - the karmic knot [edit]

Main article: Gandanta
Gandanta (Sanskrit: gandanta, from gand, 'knot', and anta, 'end'.) Gandanta is a spiritual or karmic knot in Hindu astrology.
Gandanta describes the junction points in the natal chart where the solar and lunar zodiacs meet, and are directly associated
with times of soul growth.[24]

Ayanamsa - the zodiac conversion [edit]

Main article: Ayanamsa
Ayanamsa (Sanskrit: ayanāṃsa , from ayana, 'movement', and aṃsa, 'component') is the longitudinal difference between the
Tropical (Sayana) and Sidereal (Nirayana) zodiacs.[25]

Moudhya - the combustion [edit]

Moudhya (Sanskrit: moudhya, 'combustion') is a planet that is in conjunction with the Sun. The degrees the planets are
considered combust are:[26]

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 Graha Degree
Moon 12
Mercury 13
Venus 9
Mars 17
Jupiter 11
Saturn 15

Sade sati - the critical transit [edit]

Sadi sati, the transit of Saturn over the natal Moon, is the most important transit in a birth chart and takes approximately 7.5
years to complete. The transit begins when Saturn enters the house before the Moon, and ends when Saturn departs the house
after the Moon. The most intense phase is when Saturn is 2-3° on either side of the Moon. The beginning of the transit will give
an indication of the issues to be addressed. Sade sati results in a complete transformation, usually with a change in career or
life direction.[27]

Panchangam [edit]

Main article: Panchangam

Panchangam (Sanskrit: pañcāṅgam, from panch, 'five' and anga, 'limbs'.) The panchangam is a Hindu astrological almanac that
follows traditional Indian cosmology, and presents important astronomical data in tabulated form. Panchangam means five limbs,
or five lights that influence every day.[28]

In modern India [edit]

Further information: Vedic astrology

David Pingree notes that astrology and traditional medicine are the two traditional sciences that have survived best in modern
India, although both have been much transformed by their western counterparts.[29]
Astrology remains an important facet of Hindu folk belief in contemporary India. Many Hindus believe that heavenly bodies,
including the planets, have an influence throughout the life of a human being, and these planetary influences are the "fruit of
karma." [30] The Navagraha, planetary deities, are considered subordinate to Ishvara, i.e., the Supreme Being) in Hindu belief
assist in the administration of justice.[31] Thus, these planets can influence earthly life.[32]

Innovations [edit]
New approaches developed by Hindu astrologers in the modern epoch include the following:

Controversy [edit]
Further information: NCERT controversy and Saffronization
In the early 2000s, under the Bharatiya Janata Party led government, astrology became a topic of political contention between
the religious right and academic establishment, comparable to the "Creation science" debate in US education.
The University Grants Commission and the Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government decided to introduce
"Jyotir Vigyan" (i.e. jyotir vijñāna) or "Vedic astrology" as a discipline of study in Indian universities, backed up by a decision by
the Andhra Pradesh High Court, despite widespread protests from the scientific community in India and Indian scientists working
abroad.[33] In September of the same year, the Supreme Court of India issued a notice to the Ministry of Human Resource
Development in reaction to a petition, stating that the introduction of astrology to university curricula is "a giant leap backwards,
undermining whatever scientific credibility the country has achieved so far".[34]
In 2004, the Supreme Court dismissed a further petition, judging that the teaching of astrology does not qualify as promotion of
religion.[35]

See also [edit]

http://www.srisivanadi.com/
http://www.divinescripts.com/ Astrology portal
Articles on Traditional Jyotisa (traditional vedic astrology
Jyotiṣa resources
Archaeoastronomy and Vedic chronology
Antiquity frenzy
Bhrigu Samhita
Hindu calendar
Hindu cosmology
Hindu chronology
Nadi astrology
Electional Astrology- Vedic Muhurta
Phonetical astrology- Swar Shaastra
Planets in astrology
Tithi
Indian astronomy
History of astrology

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Notes [edit]

1. ^ "In countries such as India, where only a small intellectual elite has been trained in Western physics, astrology manages to
retain here and there its position among the sciences." David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology
in modern times" Encyclopedia Britannica 2008
2. ^ Mohan Rao, Female foeticide: where do we go? Indian Journal of Medical Ethics Oct-Dec2001-9(4) [1] ; T. Jayaraman, A
judicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001[2]
3. ^ Kushal Siddhanta, "Some questions concerning the UGC course in astrology", Breakthrough, Vol.9, No.2, November 2001,
p.3
4. ^ Narlikar (2001)
5. ^ P. Norelli-Bahelet (2002)
6. ^ Pingree(1981), p.67ff, 81ff, 101ff
7. ^ Mc Evilley "The shape of ancient thought", p385 ("The Yavanajataka is the earliest surviving Sanskrit text in horoscopy, and
constitute the basis of all later Indian developments in horoscopy", himself quoting David Pingree "The Yavanajataka of
Sphujidhvaja" p5)
8. ^ David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra (J. Gonda (Ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI Fasc 4), p.81
9. ^ Sutton pp.61-64.[unreliable source?]
10. ^ Sanskrit-English Dictionary by Monier-Williams, (c) 1899
11. ^ Sutton pp.38-51.[unreliable source?]
12. ^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable source?]
13. ^ Sutton p.21.[unreliable source?]
14. ^ Charak, Dr. K.S. (1996). Essentials of Medical Astrology, Uma Publications, pp.5-6.
15. ^ Sutton pp.93-167.[unreliable source?]
16. ^ Sutton p.168.[unreliable source?]
17. ^ Sutton p.211.[unreliable source?]
18. ^ Sutton pp.26-27.[unreliable source?]
19. ^ Sutton p.227.[unreliable source?]
20. ^ Sutton p.265.[unreliable source?]
21. ^ Sutton pp.25-26.[unreliable source?]
22. ^ Sutton p.96.[unreliable source?]
23. ^ Sutton p.326.[unreliable source?]
24. ^ Sutton pp.61-64.[unreliable source?]
25. ^ Sutton p.11.[unreliable source?]
26. ^ Sutton p.33.[unreliable source?]
27. ^ Sutton p.231-232.[unreliable source?]
28. ^ Sutton, Komilla (2007). Personal Panchanga and the Five Sources of Light, The WessexAstrologer Ltd, England,
p.1.[unreliable source?]
29. ^ David Pingree, review of G. Prakash, Science and the Imagination of Modern India, Journal of the American Oriental Society
(2002), p. 154 f.
30. ^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http://books.google.com/books?
id=49GVZGD8d4oC&pg=PA132&dq=shani+karma&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=shani%20karma&f=false
31. ^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http://books.google.com/books?
id=49GVZGD8d4oC&pg=PA132&dq=shani+karma&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=shani%20karma&f=false
32. ^ Karma, an anthropological inquiry, pg. 134, at http://books.google.com/books?
id=49GVZGD8d4oC&pg=PA132&dq=shani+karma&lr=&cd=2#v=onepage&q=shani%20karma&f=false
33. ^ T. Jayaraman, Ajudicial blow, Frontline Volume 18 - Issue 12, Jun. 09 - 22, 2001 [3]
34. ^ Supreme Court questions 'Jyotir Vigyan', Times of India, 3 September 2001 [4]
35. ^ Supreme Court: Teaching of astrology no promotion of religion ; Introduction of Vedic astrology courses in universities
upheld

References [edit]

Sutton, Komilla (1999). The Essentials of Vedic Astrology, The Wessex Astrologer Ltd, England[unreliable source?]

Bibliography [edit]

Further information: Jyotiṣa bibliography

Encyclopedic treatments
Kim Plofker, "South Asian mathematics; The role of astronomy and astrology", Encyclopedia Britannica (online edition, 2008)
David Pingree and Robert Gilbert, "Astrology; Astrology In India; Astrology in modern times", Encyclopedia Britannica (online
edition, 2008)
"Hindu Chronology", Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1911) [5]
Academic literature
David Pingree, "Astronomy and Astrology in India and Iran", Isis - Journal of The History of Science Society (1963), 229-246.
David Pingree, Jyotiḥśāstra in J. Gonda (ed.) A History of Indian Literature, Vol VI, Fasc 4, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden
(1981).
Ebenezer Burgess, "On the Origin of the Lunar Division of the Zodiac represented in the Nakshatra System of the Hindus",
Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
William D. Whitney, "On the Views of Biot and Weber Respecting the Relations of the Hindu and Chinese Systems of
Asterisms"", Journal of the American Oriental Society (1866).
Satish Chandra, "Religion and State in India and Search for Rationality", Social Scientist (2002).

External links [edit]

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