Chapter 13 - The Industrial Revolution

Matching

Match each item to the statement listed below.

a. built the first profitable steamboat
b. work for a fixed number of hours for fixed pay thanks to Richard Arkwrights water
powered spinning machine
c. expenses such as land and capital
d. the method of making steel cheaper and more efficient
e. land, capital, and labor
f. revolutionized communications
g. people cooperating because they live in good conditions
h. invented the seed drill
i. system helped farmers to produce more on the same amount of land
j. made rubber stronger and more elastic
k. invented the cotton gin which allowed the southern U.S. to become the cotton-producing
capital of the world
l. patented the steam engine
____ 1. factors of production
____ 2. factory system
____ 3. James Watt
____ 4. Jethro Tull
____ 5. Samuel F. B. Morse
____ 6. vulcanization
____ 7. Robert Fulton
____ 8. Bessemer process
____ 9. Eli Whitney
____ 10. crop rotation

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 11. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain because it had a favorable combination of all of the
following EXCEPT
a. land
b. available capital.
c. tools.
d. a labor force.
____ 12. People centered in one place working for a certain number of hours per day for fixed pay is called the
a. domestic system.
b. mechanization system
c. wage system.
d. factory system.
____ 13. The Industrial Revolution caught on quickly in the United States because it
a. was populated by many British people.
b. needed to rebuild after wars.
 c. had natural resources and a strong government.
d. had more demand than other European countries.
____ 14. Because of steam-powered machinery, workers
a. performed one small job.
b. built an entire product.
c. changed jobs regularly.
d. needed to train a long time.
____ 15. Wages were affected by all of the following EXCEPT
a. the experience of the worker.
b. number of workers available.
c. cost of production.
d. wages paid for other jobs.
____ 16. The period before the Industrial Revolution was characterized by_______, when most capitalists were
merchants who bought and sold goods.
a. industrial capitalism
b. the barter system
c. commercial capitalism
d. none of the above
____ 17. In a capitalist system,
a. individuals do not control the factors of production.
b. governments do not control the factors of production.
c. the government is responsible for increasing the wealth of the nation.
d. colonies are essential.
____ 18. Domination of production of one product or service is called a
a. production control.
b. cartel.
c. corporation.
d. monopoly.
____ 19. Groups that controlled all stages of an industry are called
a. corporations.
b. stockholders.
c. cartels.
d. monopolies.
____ 20. Free enterprise and laissez-faire economies gave the most benefits to
a. workers.
b. employers.
c. governments.
d. foreign markets.
____ 21. Utilitarianism meant
a. laws interfered with production.
b. laws were useful and could be good.
c. laws interfered with workers’ ability to earn wages.
d. all people could be useful workers.
____ 22. John Stuart Mill believed that government should
a. not be involved in business.
b. try to benefit workers.
c. consult employers and workers.
d. concentrate on colonization.
____ 23. American ________ founded the United States Steel Company in 1901, which was one of the first of many
billion-dollar corporations.
a. John Rockefeller
b. Andrew Carnegie
c. Bill Gates
d. J.P. Morgan
____ 24. The proletariat were
a. the wealthy middle class.
b. the owners of the means of production.
c. the workers.
d. the unionized workers.
____ 25. Young children were often taken from ______ to work in factories.
a. job banks
b. orphanages
c. well to do prep schools
d. upper class homes
____ 26. Businesses owned and run by just one person are called _______, and the owner is responsible for any
business debts.
a. single corporations
b. sole proprietorships
c. closed shops
d. none of the above
____ 27. Unions were organized to
a. provide better wages.
b. provide a safer working environment.
c. protect workers from abuses by their boses.
d. all of the above
____ 28. The pattern of alternating periods of prosperity and decline brought about by the Industrial Revolution came
to be called
a. a depression.
b. a recession.
c. the business cycle.
d. the circle of life.
____ 29. Young children often worked in
a. dangerous mines.
b. in the fields scaring birds away from crops.
c. in textile mills.
d. all of the above
____ 30. Henry Ford used ______ to mass produce automobiles.
a. steam engines
b. the cotton gin
c. the assembly line
d. old fashioned skilled craftsmen

True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.

____ 31. Industrialization in Great Britain took place because of the poor state of their agriculture.
____ 32. Early factories were dependent on a nearby water supply.
____ 33. A strong central government was an important factor in the nations that first industrialized.
____ 34. An oversupply of workers led to lower wages.
____ 35. Mass production led to the development of interchangeable parts pioneered by Eli Whitney.
____ 36. Cartels are corporations that control almost all of the production and sale of a single product.
____ 37. According to the business cycle, a downturn in one industry is inevitable, but should have little effect on the
rest of the economy.
____ 38. Laissez-faire economics means that the government does not interfere with business.
____ 39. Jeremy Bentham argued that laws interfered with workers’ ability to improve their conditions.
____ 40. Collective bargaining laws were established to prevent the formation of unions.
____ 41. Socialists felt that the government could improve conditions for all of society through colonialism and
economic expansion.
____ 42. Marx thought that the workers needed to unite and overthrow the capitalist government.
____ 43. Democratic socialists believed that they could change the system through winning political office.
____ 44. During the 1700’s new factory jobs lured thousands of British farm workers to the cities; some critics feared
this urban growth would create dangerous social conditions.
____ 45. Employers preferred to hire older, skilled people rather than young workers who did not have set working
habits.
____ 46. The factory system was not that different from the domestic system, since both systems paid people based on
the amount of goods produced.
____ 47. Since factory owners wanted to produce goods as cheaply as possible, when the cost of land or capital rose,
owners lowered workers’ wages.
____ 48. Factory workers were forced to adjust their lives to the demands of machines, which led some people to think
they were expected to become machines themselves.
____ 49. Children as young as six worked in factories for 12 to 16 hours a day, six days a week.
____ 50. During the late 1800s more and more jobs were opened to women, and women’s college’s were founded to
improve their education levels.