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Concept of Stress
Contents
1-2
Concept of Stress
1-3
Review of Statics
1-4
Structure Free-Body Diagram
• Structure is detached from supports and
the loads and reaction forces are indicated
• Conditions for static equilibrium:
M C 0 Ax 0.6 m 30 kN 0.8 m
Ax 40 kN
Fx 0 Ax C x
C x Ax 40 kN
Fy 0 Ay C y 30 kN 0
Ay C y 30 kN
1-5
Component Free-Body Diagram
• In addition to the complete structure, each
component must satisfy the conditions for
static equilibrium
• Consider a free-body diagram for the boom:
M B 0 Ay 0.8 m
Ay 0
substitute into the structure equilibrium
equation
C y 30 kN
• Results:
A 40 kN Cx 40 kN C y 30 kN
1-6
Method of Joints
• The boom and rod are 2-force members, i.e.,
the members are subjected to only two forces
which are applied at member ends
1-7
Stress Analysis
Can the structure safely support the 30 kN load?
1-8
Design
• Design of new structures requires selection of
appropriate materials and component dimensions
to meet performance requirements
• For reasons based on cost, weight, availability,
etc., the choice is made to construct the rod from
aluminum all= 100 MPa). What is an
appropriate choice for the rod diameter?
P P 50 103 N
all A 500 10 6 m 2
A all 100 106 Pa
d2
A
4
d
4A
4 500 10 6 m 2 2.52 102 m 25.2 mm
1 - 10
Centric & Eccentric Loading
• A uniform distribution of stress in a section
infers that the line of action for the resultant of
the internal forces passes through the centroid
of the section.
P F P F
ave ave
A A A 2A
1 - 13
Bearing Stress in Connections
1 - 14
Stress Analysis & Design Example
1 - 15
Rod & Boom Normal Stresses
• The rod is in tension with an axial force of 50 kN.
P 50 103 N
BC,end 167 MPa
A 300 10 6 m 2
1 - 16
Pin Shearing Stresses
• The cross-sectional area for pins at A, B,
and C,
2
25 mm 6 2
A r
2
49110 m
2
1 - 17
Pin Shearing Stresses
• Divide the pin at B into sections to determine
the section with the largest shear force,
PE 15 kN
PG 25 kN (largest)
1 - 18
Pin Bearing Stresses
1 - 19
Stress in Two Force Members
1 - 20
Stress on an Oblique Plane
• Pass a section through the member forming
an angle q with the normal plane.
1 - 22
Stress Under General Loadings
• A member subjected to a general
combination of loads is cut into
two segments by a plane passing
through Q
V yx Vzx
xy lim xz lim
A0 A A0 A
1 - 23
State of Stress
• Stress components are defined for the planes
cut parallel to the x, y and z axes. For
equilibrium, equal and opposite stresses are
exerted on the hidden planes.
• The combination of forces generated by the
stresses must satisfy the conditions for
equilibrium:
Fx Fy Fz 0
Mx My Mz 0
• Consider the moments about the z axis:
M z 0 xy Aa yx Aa
xy yx
similarly, yz zy and yz zy
1 - 25