CAPITOLUL 2

ITEMI OBIECTIVI
,7(0,&8$/(*(5('8$/
2.2. ITEMI DE TIP PERECHE
,7(0,&8$/(*(5(08/7,3/

7HVWHOH vQ VSHFLDO FHOH VWDQGDUGL]DWH FRQLQ XQ QXPU GH LWHPL ÌQWUH DFHúWLD R
FDWHJRULHGLVWLQFWRIRUPHD]itemii obiectiviFDUDFWHUL]DLSULQ
- VWUXFWXUDUHDH[SOLFLWDVDUFLQLORUSURSXVHúLFRUHODUHDFXRELHFWLYHOHGHHYDOXDUH
- FDSDFLWDWHD GH D WHVWD XQ QXPU PDUH GH HOHPHQWH GH FRQLQXW vQWUXQ WLPS UHODWLY
scurt;
- ILGHOLWDWHULGLFDW
- DVLJXUDUHDRELHFWLYLWLLvQHYDOXDUHúLQRWDUH
- DVRFLHUHDFXRVFKHPGHQRWDUHVLPSOXQSXQFWDMFDUHVHDFRUG±vQWRWDOLWDWH±
VDXQXvQIXQFLHGHPDUFDUHDGHFWUHHOHYDUVSXQVXOXLFRUHFWUHVSHFWLYJUHúLW

Obiectivitatea DFHVWRULWHPLDUHvQYHGHUHXUPWRDUHOHDVSHFWH
- RELHFWLYLWDWHDFRQVWUXFLHLLWHPXOXL±FHULQDHVWHH[SOLFLWSXWHUQLFVWUXFWXUDW
úLFRUHODWFXXQRELHFWLYGHHYDOXDUH
- RELHFWLYLWDWHD SHUFHSLHL úL UDSRUWULL OD VDUFLQ GH FWUH VXELHFWXO HYDOXDW ±
VXELHFLGLIHULLH[SULPDFHODúLPRGGHSHUFHSHUHúLUDSRUWDUHODVDUFLQ
- RELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULLQRWULL ± HYDOXDWRUL GLIHULL DFRUG DFHODúL SXQFWDM
SHQWUXDFHHDúLVROXLHDXQXLLWHP

,WHPLL RELHFWLYL SRW IL XWLOL]DL vQ HYDOXDUH OD RULFH GLVFLSOLQ VRFLRXPDQ GDWRULW
specificului lor:
- VXQWDGHFYDLSHQWUXHYDOXDUHDXQRUUH]XOWDWHDOHvQYULLVLWXDWHPDLDOHVvQ
]RQDLQIHULRDUDGRPHQLXOXLFRJQLWLY
- DQWUHQHD]vQPRGSUHSRQGHUHQWFDSDFLWLGHWLSUHSURGXFWLY
- VXQWH[SXúLODULVFXOUVSXQVXULORUGDWHvQPRGDOHDWRULX

Din categoria itemilor obiectivi fac parte:

- LWHPLLFXDOHJHUHGXDODGHYUDWIDOV
- itemii de tip pereche,
- LWHPLLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSO

,7(0,&8$/(*(5('8$/

,WHPLL FX DOHJHUH GXDO SXQ HOHYXO vQ VLWXDLD GH D VHOHFWD UVSXQVXO FRUHFW GLQ GRDU
GRXYDULDQWHSRVLELOHDGHYUDWIDOVGDQXFRUHFWLQFRUHFWDFRUGGH]DFRUG.
Itemii de tip da/nuúLDGHYUDWIDOVVXQWFHOPDLIUHFYHQWIRORVLL

8WLOL]DUHDORUSRDWHILDGHFYDWDWXQFLFkQGSURIHVRUXOGRUHúWHVHYDOXH]H

24
 - FXQRDúWHUHDGHFWUHHOHYDXQRULQIRUPDLLSXQFWXDOHGDWHIDFWXDOHWHUPHQL
GHILQLLLOHJLSULQFLSLLIRUPXOH
- GLIHUHQLHUHDSHFDUHRSRDWHUHDOL]DHOHYXOvQWUHHQXQXULOHIDFWXDOHúLFHOHGH
opinie;
- FDSDFLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D LGHQWLILFD UHODLL GH WLS FDX]HIHFW VXFFHVLXQHD
ORJLFVDXFURQRORJLFDXQRUHYHQLPHQWH

Pentru proiectarea FRUHFW D DFHVWXL WLS GH LWHPL HVWH QHFHVDU UHVSHFWDUHD
XUPWRDUHORUFHULQH*URQOXQGS
- IRUPXODUHDFODUúLSUHFLVDHQXQXOXL
- GDF VH VROLFLW DSUHFLHUHD FX ³DGHYUDW´ VDX ³IDOV´ DWXQFL VH YRU HYLWD
HQXQXULOHIRDUWHJHQHUDOH
- VHOHFWDUHD XQRU HQXQXUL UHOHYDQWH SHQWUX GRPHQLXO GH FXQRDúWHUH VDX
FDWHJRULDGHFRPSHWHQHWHVWDWXQHRULHIRUWXOGHDUHDOL]DHQXQXULFDUHV
ILH IU HFKLYRF DGHYDUDWH VDX IDOVH GXFH OD HODERUDUHD GH LWHPL
QHVHPQLILFDWLYL GLQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH HGXFDLRQDO VDX EDQDOL GLQ SXQFW GH
YHGHUHúWLLQLILF
- VH YD HYLWD XWLOL]DUHD HQXQXULORU QHJDWLYH úL vQ VSHFLDO IRORVLUHD GXEOHL
QHJDLL FDUH LQGXFH XQ JUDG vQDOW GH DPELJXLWDWH úL vPSLHGLF vQHOHJHUHD
HQXQXOXLLWHPXOXLGHFWUHHOHY
- VH YRU HYLWD HQXQXULOH OXQJL úL FRPSOH[H SULQ HOLPLQDUHD HOHPHQWHORU
UHGXQGDQWHLQXWLOHvQUDSRUWFXLGHHDSULQFLSDODHQXQXOXLúLFHULQDLWHPXOXL
QX VH YD IRORVL XQ OLPEDM SUHD DFDGHPLF R WHUPLQRORJLH IRDUWH VSHFLDOL]DW
VDXRFRQVWUXFLHOLQJYLVWLFVWXIRDVúLJUHRDLH
- VHYDHYLWDLQWURGXFHUHDDGRXLGHLvQWUXQVLQJXUHQXQFXH[FHSLDFD]XULORU
vQ FDUH VH GRUHúWH HYLGHQLHUHD UHODLHL FDX]HIHFW vQ DFHDVW VLWXDLH FHD
PDLEXQVROXLHHVWHDFHHDGHDXWLOL]DGRDUSURSR]LLLDGHYUDWHúLGHDFHUH
HOHYLORUVGHFLGDGHYUXOVDXIDOVLWDWHDUHODLHLGLQWUHDFHVWHD
- HQXQXULOHDGHYUDWHúLFHOHIDOVHYRUILDSUR[LPDWLYHJDOHFDOXQJLPH
- QXPUXO HQXQXULORU DGHYUDWH úL FHO DO HQXQXULORU IDOVH YRU IL DSUR[LPDWLY
HJDOH GDU QX H[DFW HJDOH GHRDUHFH DFHVWD SRDWH FRQVWLWXL XQ LQGLFLX GXS
FDUHHOHYXOvQFHDUFVJKLFHDVFUVSXQVXOFRUHFW

Exemple:

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW$UJXPHQWúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF HQXQXUL FDUH DX VWUXFWXUD ORJLF D XQXL
argument.
(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWHFXDWHQLHILHFDUHGLQHQXQXULOHGHPDLMRVÌQFD]XOvQFDUHDSUHFLH]LFXQ
HQXQDUHVWUXFWXUDORJLFDXQXLDUJXPHQWvQFHUFXLHúWHUVSXQVXO'$GDFDSUHFLH]L
FHQXQXOQXHVWHXQDUJXPHQWvQFHUFXLHúWHUVSXQVXO18

25
 - 2 SURSR]LLH FRJQLWLY HVWH R XQLWDWH GH GLVFXUV FDUH SRDWH IL FDOLILFDW FD
DGHYUDWVDXIDOV
DA NU
(5VSXQVFRUHFW NU)

- 2 SURSR]LLH FRJQLWLY HVWH R XQLWDWH GH GLVFXUV úL RULFH XQLWDWH GH GLVFXUV
SRDWHILFDOLILFDWFDDGHYUDWVDXIDOVGHFLRULFHSURSR]LLHFRJQLWLYSRDWH
ILDGHYUDWVDXIDOV
DA NU
(5VSXQVFRUHFW DA)

- 1LFLRSURSR]LLHFRJQLWLYQXSRDWHILúLDGHYUDWúLIDOV
DA NU
(5VSXQVFRUHFW NU)

- )ORULQHVWHROLPSLFODPDWHPDWLFGHFLSRDWHILVFXWLWGHIUHFYHQvQSHULRDGD
GHSUHJWLUHSHQWUXFRQFXUV
DA NU
(5VSXQVFRUHFW DA)

(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ HQXQXULOH GH PDL MRV ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH UVSXQVXO $'(95$7 GDF DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLDHVWHJUHúLWvQFHUFXLHúWHUVSXQVXO)$/6

- 8Q DUJXPHQW HVWH R PXOLPH GH SURSR]LLL FRJQLWLYH GHVSUH FDUH VH SRDWH
GHFLGHvQPRGFHUWGDFVXQWDGHYUDWHVDXIDOVH
$'(95$7)$/6
(5VSXQVFRUHFW FALS)

- 8Q DUJXPHQW HVWH XQ VHW GH SURSR]LLL FRJQLWLYH vQ FDUH GHVSUH XQHOH GLQWUH
HOH ± SUHPLVHOH ± VH SUHWLQGH F vQWHPHLD] R DOW SURSR]LLH GLQ VHWXO
UHVSHFWLY±QXPLWFRQFOX]LH
$'(95$7)$/6
(5VSXQVFRUHFW$'(95$7

- &XYkQWXO³DUJXPHQW´DUHDFHODúLvQHOHVFX³UDLRQDPHQW´VDX³LQIHUHQ´
$'(95$7)$/6
(5VSXQVFRUHFW$'(95$7

- 3UH]HQD H[SOLFLW D XQXL LQGLFDWRU ORJLF QX HVWH R FRQGLLH QHFHVDU SHQWUX
H[LVWHQDXQXLDUJXPHQW
$'(95$7)$/6
(5VSXQVFRUHFW$'(95$7

26
Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW 3URFHVHOH SVLKLFH úL UROXO ORU vQ HYROXLD SHUVRQDOLWLL
procesele psihice senzoriale.
Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF vQVXúLUL HVHQLDOH DOH SURFHVHORU
psihice senzoriale.
(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ XUPWRDUHOH DILUPDLL ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD $ GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPDLD QX HVWH
DGHYUDWvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)

- 6HQ]DLD HVWH XQ SURFHV SVLKLF HOHPHQWDU FDUH LQIRUPHD] GHVSUH

SURSULHWLOHFRQFUHWHúLVHSDUDWHDOHRELHFWHORUvQFRQGLLLOHDFLXQLLGLUHFWHD
acestora asupra analizatorilor.
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- $WkW VHQ]DLD FkW úL SHUFHSLD VXQW LPDJLQL SULPDUH GHRDUHFH UHIOHFW QXPDL
vQVXúLULFRQFUHWHDOHRELHFWHORUúLIHQRPHQHORU
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F)

- 3ULQvQVXúLULOHHLUHSUH]HQWDUHDVHvQFDGUHD]vQFDWHJRULDSURFHVHORUSVLKLFH
primare.
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F)

- 5HIOHFWDUHDSHUFHSWLYDUHFDUDFWHUGLUHFWQHPLMORFLWvQWLPSFHUHSUH]HQWDUHD
HVWHRUHIOHFWDUHPLMORFLWDUHDOLWLL
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

3HQWUXDULGLFDQLYHOXOGHGLILFXOWDWHDLWHPLORUFXDOHJHUHGXDO FHULQHL GH D LGHQWLILFD

HQXQXULOHDGHYUDWHUHVSHFWLYIDOVHLVHSRWDGXJDGRXFHULQHVXSOLPHQWDUH:
a. VXEOLQLHUHDFXYkQWXOXLFDUHGHWHUPLQFDUDFWHUXOHURQDWDOHQXQXOXL
b. vQORFXLUHDOXLFXXQFXYkQWFDUHIDFHFDDILUPDLDVGHYLQDGHYUDW

(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ XUPWRDUHOH DILUPDLL ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD $ GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPDLD HVWH IDOV
vQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)ÌQFD]XODILUPDLLORUIDOVH
a. VXEOLQLD]FXYkQWXOFDUHIDFHFDDILUPDLDVILHIDOV
b. VFULHvQVSDLXOVSHFLDOPDUFDWFXYkQWXOFDUHIDFHFDDILUPDLDVGHYLQDGHYUDW

27
 - 5HIOHFWDUHDRELHFWXOXLvQVHQ]DLHDUHFDUDFWHUIUDJPHQWDUXQLGLPHQVLRQDOúL
nu permite subiectului identificarea lui.
A F ……………………
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- ,PDJLQHDSHUFHSWLYHVWHDQDOLWLFUHIOHFWkQGRELHFWHOHFDUHDFLRQHD]GLUHFW
DVXSUDRUJDQHORUGHVLPFDWRWDOLWLLQWHJUDOH
A F ……………………
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F
cuvântul care trebuie subliniat esteDQDOLWLF
cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit este VLQWHWLF)

- 3HUFHSLD UHIOHFW vQ PRG QHGLIHUHQLDW vQVXúLULOH RELHFWXOXL vQ WLPS FH

UHSUH]HQWDUHD UHIOHFW vQ PRG SUHSRQGHUHQW vQVXúLULOH FDUDFWHULVWLFH
semnificative.
A F …………………...
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- 5HSUH]HQWDUHD HVWH XQ SURFHV GH UHIOHFWDUH QHPLMORFLW D SURSULHWLORU

RELHFWHORU úL IHQRPHQHORU GDWH vQ H[SHULHQD VHQ]RULDO DQWHULRDU D
subiectului.
A F …………………...
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F
cuvântul care trebuie subliniat este QHPLMORFLW
cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit este PLMORFLW).

Disciplina: Economie
Clasa a X-a, a XI-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW)DFWRULLGHSURGXFLH
Obiectiv: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF LQWHUGHSHQGHQD GLQWUH IDFWRULL GH
SURGXFLHúLUHVXUVH
(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ XUPWRDUHOH DILUPDLL ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD $ GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPDLD QX HVWH
DGHYUDWvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)

- 2 DFWLYLWDWH HFRQRPLF UDLRQDO FUHHD] SUHPLVH SHQWUX vPEXQWLUHD

FDOLWDWLYúLVWUXFWXUDODUHVXUVHORUSHQWUXFUHúWHUHDORU
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- 2ULFHIDFWRUGHSURGXFLHSRDWHILFRQVLGHUDWRUHVXUVúLRULFHUHVXUVSRDWHIL
FRQVLGHUDWXQIDFWRUGHSURGXFLH
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F)

28
 - &D úL UHVXUVHOH IDFWRULL GH SURGXFLH WUHEXLH FRQVLGHUDL vQWRWGHDXQD FD ILLQG
OLPLWDLvQUDSRUWFXQHYRLOHFHWUHEXLHVFVDWLVIFXWHFXDMXWRUXOORU
A F
(5VSXQV corect A)

- )DFWRUXO GH SURGXFLH PXQF DUH URO GHWHUPLQDQW vQ DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF
GHRDUHFH UHSUH]LQW SRSXODLD DQWUHQDW vQ DFWLYLWDWHD HFRQRPLF LDU
SRSXODLDHVWHUHVXUVSULPDU
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFWF)

(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ DILUPDLLOH XUPWRDUH ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD $ GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPDLD QX HVWH
DGHYUDWvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)ÌQFD]XODILUPDLLORUIDOVH
a. VXEOLQLD]FXYkQWXOFDUHIDFHFDDILUPDLDVILHIDOV
b. VFULHvQVSDLXOVSHFLDOPDUFDWFXYkQWXOFDUHIDFHFDDILUPDLDVGHYLQDGHYUDW

- )LHFDUH FDWHJRULH GH IDFWRUL GH SURGXFLH DUH XQ PRG VSHFLILF GH D VH
PDQLIHVWDvQFDGUXODFWLYLWLLHFRQRPLFHúLGHDVHFRPELQDFXFHOHODOWH
A F…………………..
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- 3PkQWXO FD UHVXUV QDWXUDO SRDWH IL LQFOXV vQ FDWHJRULD UHVXUVHORU
UHJHQHUDELOH QXPDL GDF HVWH FRQVXPDW vQ PRG H[WHQVLY vQ FDGUXO DFWLYLWLL
economice.
A F…………………….
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F
cuvântul care trebuie înlocuit este extensiv
cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit este intensiv)

- ÌPERJLUHDFRQLQXWXOXLPXQFLLSULQDVLPLODUHDúLXWLOL]DUHDLQIRUPDLHLDUHFD
HIHFWFUHúWHUHDGXUDWHLPXQFLL
A F…………………….
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F
cuvântul care trebuie înlocuit este FUHúWHUHD
cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit este reducerea)

- )DFWRUXO GH SURGXFLH FDSLWDO HVWH SDUWH D UHVXUVHORU GHULYDWH GHRDUHFH

UHSUH]LQWEXQXULFDUHVHUYHVFGLUHFWODVDWLVIDFHUHDWUHEXLQHORUXPDQH
A F……………………
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F
cuvântul care trebuie înlocuit este direct
cuvântul cu care trebuie înlocuit este indirect)

29
Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW2PXO±FDSUREOHPILORVRILF
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF VSHFLILFXO DERUGULL ILORVRILFH D
problematicii umanului.
(QXQ 
♦ &LWHúWH FX DWHQLH ILHFDUH GLQ XUPWRDUHOH DILUPDLL ÌQ FD]XO vQ FDUH DSUHFLH]L F
DILUPDLD HVWH DGHYUDW vQFHUFXLHúWH OLWHUD $ GDF DSUHFLH]L F DILUPDLD QX HVWH
DGHYUDWvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)

- $VHPHQL úWLLQHL ILORVRILD HODERUHD] GHILQLLL ULJXURDVH úL XQDQLP DFFHSWDWH

DOHRELHFWHORUúLIHQRPHQHORUFHLQWUvQFkPSXOHLGHFHUFHWDUH
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW F)

- 0DULOHFRQFHSLLILORVRILFHVXQWWHQWDWLYHGHDLGHQWLILFDúLUHOHYDVSHFLILFLWDWHD
umanului.
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- )LORVRILD QX G UVSXQVXUL GHILQLWLYH FL SXQH vQWUHEUL úL FRQVWUXLHúWH
alternative.
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

- ÌQWUXFkW QDWXUD XPDQ HVWH FRPSOH[ úL FRQWUDGLFWRULH vQ PDQLIHVWULOH HL
VXUSULQGHUHDVSHFLILFLWLLPRGXOXLXPDQGHDILQXHVWHSRVLELOvQWURGHILQLLH
ORJLFVDWLVIFWRDUH
A F
(5VSXQVFRUHFW A)

2.2. ITEMI DE TIP PERECHE

,WHPLLGHWLSSHUHFKHSXQHOHYXOvQVLWXDLDGHDGHWHUPLQDFRUHVSRQGHQDFRUHFWvQWUH
FXYLQWHSURSR]LLLIUD]HYDORULQXPHULFHVHPQLILFDLLOLWHUHVLPEROXULLQIRUPDLLúD
(OHPHQWHOHvQWUHFDUHWUHEXLHVWDELOLWFRUHVSRQGHQDVXQWGLVWULEXLWHvQGRXFRORDQH
- SULPD FRORDQ FRQLQH HOHPHQWHOH FH FRQVWLWXLH GH IDSW HQXQXO LWHPXOXL úL
care sunt denumite premise;
- DGRXDFRORDQFRQLQHHOHPHQWHOHFDUHUHSUH]LQWUVSXQVXULOH
,QVWUXF LXQLOHFDUHSUHFHGFHOHGRXFRORDQHVHUHIHUODFULWHULXOVDXFULWHULLOHvQED]D
FURUDWUHEXLHUHDOL]DWDVRFLHUHDvQWUHSUHPLVHúLUVSXQVXUL

$FHúWL LWHPL HYDOXHD] DELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D LGHQWLILFD UHODLD H[LVWHQW vQWUH GRX
HOHPHQWH 'H FHOH PDL PXOWH RUL DFHDVW DELOLWDWH SUHVXSXQH UHFXQRDúWHUHD UHODLHL

30
DGLF DQWUHQHD] FDSDFLWL GH WLS UHSURGXFWLY 8WLOL]DUHD ORU SRDWH IL DGHFYDW DWXQFL
FkQGSURIHVRUXOGRUHúWHVHYDOXH]HFDSDFLWDWHDHOHYXOXLGHDVWDELOLFRUHODLLvQWUH

- RDPHQL±UHDOL]UL
- date – evenimente istorice
- WHUPHQL±GHILQL LL
- reguli – exemple
- simboluri – concepte
- autori – opere
- SULQFLSLL±FODVLILFUL
- FRPSRQHQWH±XWLOL]UL

3HQWUX SURLHFWDUHD FRUHFW D LWHPLORU GH WLS SHUHFKH HVWH QHFHVDU UHVSHFWDUHD
XUPWRDUHORUFHULQH*URQOXQGRSFLWS
- utilizarea unui material omogen
- LQFOXGHUHDXQXLQXPULQHJDOGHUVSXQVXULúLSUHPLVHúLLQVWUXLUHDHOHYLORUvQ
OHJWXUFXIDSWXOFXQUVSXQVSRDWHILIRORVLWRGDWGHPDLPXOWHRULVDX
QLFLRGDW
- DUDQMDUHD OLVWHL UVSXQVXULORU vQWUR RUGLQH ORJLF úL HYLWDUHD VLWXDLHL vQ FDUH
RUGLQHD SUH]HQWULL UVSXQVXULORU SRDWH IXUQL]D XQ LQGLFLX SHQWUX HOHY vQ
³JKLFLUHD´FRUHVSRQGHQHLFRUHFWH
- SODVDUHDWXWXURUSUHPLVHORUúLUVSXQVXULORUXQXLLWHPSHDFHHDúLSDJLQ

,WHPLL GH WLS SHUHFKH SHUPLW DERUGDUHD XQXL YROXP FRQVLVWHQW GH LQIRUPDLL vQWUXQ
LQWHUYDOGHWLPSUHODWLYUHGXVSUHFXPúLUDSLGLWDWHDFRUHFWULLúLHYDOXULL
(L QX VXQW UHFRPDQGDL DWXQFL FkQG SURIHVRUXO GRUHúWH HYDOXDUHD XQRU UH]XOWDWH DOH
vQYULLFXFDUDFWHUFRPSOH[úLFUHDWLY

Exemple:

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW'HILQLUHDúLFODVLILFDUHD
Obiectivul:  (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVFDSDUWHQHQD XQHL GHILQLLL ODR DQXPLW
FDWHJRULHVDXWLSGHGHILQLLH
(QXQ 
♦ ÌQFRORDQDGLQVWkQJD$VXQWHQXPHUDWHWLSXULGHGHILQLLHFRORDQDGLQGUHDSWD%
FRQLQH H[HPSOH FRQFUHWH GH GHILQLLL $VRFLD] ILHFDUH GHILQLLH GLQ FRORDQD % WLSXOXL
FRUHVSXQ]WRUGLQFRORDQD$VFULLQGvQVSDLXOGLQVWkQJDQXPUXOXLGHRUGLQHGLQSULPD
FRORDQ$OLWHUDSRWULYLWGLQFRORDQD%
XQDúLDFHHDúLGHILQLLHSRDWHVDSDULQPDLPXOWRUWLSXULGHGHILQLLH

A B
««GHILQLLHUHDO a. În gramatica limbii române, termenul “parte
««GHILQLLHQRPLQDO GHYRUELUH´GHVHPQHD]ILHFDUHGLQXUP
««GHILQLLHH[WHQVLRQDOWRDUHOHFODVHGHFXYLQWHVXEVWDQWLYXODG

31
««GHILQLLHLQWHQVLRQDOMHFWLYXOQXPHUDOXOSURQXPHOHYHUEXODG
YHUEXOSUHSR]LLDFRQMXQFLDúLLQWHUMHFLD
E6HQXPHúWH³DFLG´RULFHVXEVWDQFDUH
vQURúHúWHKkUWLDGHWXUQHVRO
F7UDLHFWRULDEDOLVWLFHVWHFXUEDFDUHDSDUH
SULQGHSODVDUHDXQXLSURLHFWLOGHODLHúLUHD
GLQHDYDDUPHLSkQODvQWkOQLUHDFXXQ
obstacol.
d. Dreptunghiul este paralelogramul cu
unghiurile drepte.
H8QFRWLGLDQHVWHRSXEOLFDLHFD$GHYUXO
5RPkQLDOLEHU=LXD
I³3DVUH´vQVHDPQYHUWHEUDW]EXUDWRU

5VSXQVFRUHFW: c, d, e… 1
a, b….…2
a, e…….3
b, c…….4.
I HVWH GHILQLLH HURQDW úL GHFL QX WUHEXLH PHQLRQDW
QLFLHUL

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW3URFHVHOHSVLKLFHúLUROXOORUvQHYROXLDSHUVRQDOLWLL
procesele psihice senzoriale – reprezentarea.
Obiectivul: (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVLGHQWLILFHFULWHULXOvQED]DFUXLDVHSRDWHVWDELOLWLSXO
FUXLDvLDSDULQHRDQXPLWUHSUH]HQWDUH
(QXQ 
♦ ÌQ FRORDQD GLQ VWkQJD $ VXQW HQXPHUDWH FULWHULLOH SH ED]D FURUD VH UHDOL]HD]
FODVLILFDUHD UHSUH]HQWULORU FRORDQD GLQ GUHDSWD % FRQLQH WLSXUL GH UHSUH]HQWDUH
$VRFLD] ILHFDUH WLS GLQ FRORDQD % FULWHULXOXL FRUHVSXQ]WRU GLQ FRORDQD $ VFULLQG vQ
VSDLXOGLQVWkQJDQXPUXOXLGHRUGLQHGLQSULPDFRORDQ$OLWHUDSRWULYLWGLQFRORDQD
B.

A B
…….1. analizatorul dominant DUHSUH]HQWULUHSURGXFWLYH
…….2. gradul de generalitate EUHSUH]HQWULYL]XDOH
««QLYHOXORSHUDLLORULPSOLFDWH FUHSUH]HQWULDQWLFLSDWLYH
GUHSUH]HQWULLQGLYLGXDOH
HUHSUH]HQWULFKLQHVWH]LFH
IUHSUH]HQWULJHQerale
JUHSUH]HQWULHURQDWH

5VSXQVFRUHFW: b, e…1
d, f….2

32
 a, c…3.
J VH UHIHU OD XQ WLS GH UHSUH]HQWDUH FDUH QX SRDWH IL DVRFLDW QLFL XQXLD GLQ FULWHULLOH
PHQLRQDWH

Disciplina: Economie
Clasa a X-a, a XI-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW)RUPHDOHSLHHL
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V UHFXQRDVF IRUPH DOH SLHHL FRQVWLWXLWH vQ
UDSRUWFXGLIHULWHFULWHULLúLFDUDFWHULVWLFLHVHQLDOHDOHORU
(QXQ 
♦ ÌQ FRORDQD GLQ VWkQJD $ VXQW HQXPHUDWH GLIHULWH IRUPH GH SLD FRORDQD GLQ
GUHDSWD%FRQLQHFULWHULLúLGHVFULHULDOHFDUDFWHULVWLFLORUORU$VRFLD]ILHFDUHGHVFULHUH
GLQ FRORDQD % IRUPHL FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH GH SLD GLQ FRORDQD $ VFULLQG vQ VSDLXO GLQ
VWkQJDQXPUXOXLGHRUGLQHGLQSULPDFRORDQ$OLWHUDSRWULYLWGLQFRORDQD%

A B
«SLDDFDSLWDOXOXL DVSDLXHFRQRPLFvQFDUHVHvQWkOQHVF
«SLDDPRQRSROLVWLFFHUHUHDúLRIHUWDGHGLVSRQLELOLWL
«SLDDFXFRQFXUHQSHUIHFWEQHúWLSHWHUPHQVFXUW
«SLDDPXQFLLEORFGHvQWkOQLUHúLFRQIUXQWDUHD
«SLDDPRQHWDUSXUWWRULORUFHUHULLúLSXUWWRULORU
«SLDDYDOXWDURIHUWHLGHPXQF
FVSDLXHFRQRPLFvQFDUHLQWHUYHQLD
VWDWXOXLHVWHOHJDOúLQHFHVDU
GPRGHOLGHDOGHSLDFDUHVHUYHúWH
drept reper pentru caracaterizarea
IRUPHORUFRQFUHWHGHSLDDúDFXP
H[LVWHOHvQUHDOLWDWHDHFRQRPLF
HSLDDSHFDUHPRQHGHOHQDLRQDOHDOH
GLIHULWHORUULVHFRPSRUWFDPUIXUL
IVSDLXHFRQRPLFvQFDUHSXUWWRULL
FHUHULLúLDLRIHUWHLVXQWQXPHURúL
fiecare neavând puterea de a
LQIOXHQDSLDDSULQGHFL]LLOHSXQFWXDOH
SHFDUHOHDGRSWGDUvQFDUH
produsele au pierdut caracterul de
omogenitate.
JVSDLXHFRQRPLFFDUDFWHUL]DWSULQ
HJDOLWDWHDFHUHULLúLRIHUWHL
VDWLVIFXWH
h. ansamblul raporturilor care se
FUHHD]GLQvQWkOQLUHDúL
FRQIUXQWDUHDSXUWWRULORUFHUHULLúLDL
ofertei de titluri de valoare.

33
 5VSXQVFRUHFW: h..1; f..2; d..3; b..4; a..5; e..6.
9DULDQWHOHFúLJVXQWHURQDWHúLQXWUHEXLHDVRFLDWHQLFLXQHLIRUPHGHSLD

Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW2PXO±FDSUREOHPILORVRILF
Obiectivul:(OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVLGHQWLILFHDXWRULLXQRUSXQFWHGHYHGHUHGHUHIHULQ
în istoria filosofiei privind notele definitorii ale umanului.
(QXQ 
♦ ÌQ FRORDQD $ VXQW PHQLRQDWH IRUPXOUL FH VLQWHWL]HD] QRWHOH GHILQLWRULL DOH
XPDQXOXLvQFRORDQD%VXQWPHQLRQDWHQXPHOHXQRUILORVRIL$VRFLD]ILHFUHLIRUPXODUL
QXPHOHDXWRUXOXLHLVFULLQGvQVSDLXOGLQVWkQJDQXPUXOXLGHRUGLQHGLQSULPDFRORDQ
$OLWHUDSRWULYLWGLQFRORDQD%

A B
«³ILLQFXJHWWRDUH´ a. Lucian Blaga
«³H[LVWHQvQWUXPLVWHUúLSHQWUXUHYHODUH´E%3DVFDO
….3. “animal social” c. R. Descartes
….4. “homo faber” d. Aristotel
e. H. Bergson
f. J.J.Rousseau

5VSXQVFRUHFW: c..1; a..2; d..3; e..4.

,7(0,&8$/(*(5(08/7,3/

$FHúWLLWHPLVHPDLQXPHVFúLLWHPLFXUVSXQVVHOHFWDWGHRDUHFHHOHYXOQXJHQHUHD]
XQUVSXQVFLDOHJHXQXOGLQWUHUVSXQVXULOHDOWHUQDWLYHOLVWDWHvQLWHP
/D IHO FD úL vQ FD]XO FHORUODOWH WLSXUL GH LWHPL RELHFWLYL LWHPXO FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO SXQH
HOHYXOvQVLWXDLDGHDDOHJHVHOHFWDGLQWUXQVHWGHUVSXQVXULOLVWDWHSHDFHODSHFDUHvO
FRQVLGHUFRUHFWvQUDSRUWFXVDUFLQDGDW

,WHPXO FX DOHJHUH PXOWLSO HVWH DOFWXLW GLQWUR SUHPLV úL R OLVW GH YDULDQWH
UHSUH]HQWkQGVROXLLOHLWHPXOXL/LVWDGHYDULDQWHFRQLQHUVSXQVXOFRUHFW±XQXOVLQJXU
± SH FDUH HOHYXO WUHEXLH V vO LGHQWLILFH úL XQ QXPU RDUHFDUH GH DOWH YDULDQWH GH
UVSXQV±LQFRUHFWHGDUSODX]LELOH±QXPLWHdistractori.

ÌQFD]XODFHVWXLLWHPXQJUDGVXSHULRUGHGLILFXOWDWHVHSRDWHRELQHVROLFLWkQGHOHYXOXL
V LGHQWLILFH vQ OLVWD GH YDULDQWH UVSXQVXO LQFRUHFW VLWXDLH vQ FDUH GLVWUDFWRULL VXQW
YDULDQWHGHUVSXQVFRUHFWH

8WLOL]DUHDLWHPXOXLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSOHVWHUHFRPDQGDWDWXQFLFkQGSURIHVRUXOGRUHúWH
VHYDOXH]H
a. FXQRúWLQ H:

34
 - FXQRDúWHUHDWHUPLQRORJLHLVSHFLILFHGLVFLSOLQHL
- FXQRDúWHUHDXQRULQIRUPDLLSXQFWXDOHGHQDWXUIDFWXDOVDXWHRUHWLF
- FXQRDúWHUHD PHWRGHORU SURFHGXULORU DOJRULWPLORU GH UH]ROYDUH D XQRU VDUFLQL
concrete
b. vQ HOHJHUHDúLFDSDFLWDWHDGHDSOLFDUH:
- FDSDFLWDWHDGHDLQWHUSUHWDUHODLDFDX]±HIHFW
- FDSDFLWDWHD GH D LGHQWLILFD DSOLFDLL DOH SULQFLSLLORU HQXQXULORU FX FDUDFWHU
general
- FDSDFLWDWHDGHDDUJXPHQWDDOHJHUHDXQRUPHWRGHúLSURFHGXUL

3UDFWLFDGLGDFWLFHYLGHQLD]IDSWXOFXWLOL]DUHDH[FHVLYDDFHVWXLWLSGHLWHPLGXFHOD
IDPLOLDUL]DUHD HOHYXOXL FX DFHDVW WHKQLF GH WHVWDUH úL OD PDQLIHVWDUHD XQHL WHQGLQH
UHGXFLRQLVWHVLPSOLILFDWRDUHvQUHDOL]DUHDvQYULL

ProiectareaFRUHFWDLWHPLORUFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSOSUHVXSXQHUHVSHFWDUHDXUPWRDUHORU
FHULQH%HWKHOO
- HQXQXO WUHEXLH V VWDELOHDVF R VDUFLQ FODU QHDPELJX úL UHOHYDQW vQ
UDSRUW FX RELHFWLYXO GH HYDOXDUH vQWUHEDUHD WUHEXLH IRUPXODW vQ PRG FODU úL
explicit;
- OLPEDMXOXWLOL]DW WUHEXLH V FRUHVSXQG QLYHOXOXL GH YkUVW DO HOHYLORU HYDOXDL
LDUSXQFWXDLDWUHEXLHVILHFRUHFW
- PRGXO GHIRUPXODUH D vQWUHEULL QXWUHEXLH V VXJHUH]H UVSXQVXO FRUHFW VH
YDHYLWDIRORVLUHDXQRULQGLFLSXWHUQLFLvQHQXQ±³QXLDúDF«´±VDXDXQRU
indicii gramaticale)
- vQ IRUPXODUHD vQWUHEULL VH YD HYLWD XWLOL]DUHD QHJDWLYXOXL PDMRULWDWHD
oamenilor nu îl citesc pe “nu”)
- GLVWUDFWRULLWUHEXLHVILHSODX]LELOLúLSDUDOHOL
- UVSXQVXULOHWUHEXLHVILHFRUHFWIRUPXODWHGLQSXQFWGHYHGHUHJUDPDWLFDOúL
logic
- RSLXQLOH WUHEXLH V QX ILH VLQRQLPH VDX RSXVH úL V DLE SH FkW SRVLELO
DFHHDúLOXQJLPH
- QX VH YD IRORVL IRUPXODUHD ³WRDWH FHOH GH PDL VXV´ úL VH YD HYLWD IRUPXODUHD
“nici una din cele de mai sus”
- vQ OLVWD GH DOWHUQDWLYH WUHEXLH V H[LVWH XQ VLQJXU UVSXQV vQ PRG FHUW úL
indiscutabil corect.

,WHPLLFXDOHJHUHPXOWLSOSUH]LQWQXPHURDVHavantaje întrucât:
- SRWPVXUD WLSXUL YDULDWH GH UH]XOWDWH DOH vQYULL ± GH OD VLPSOH FXQRúWLQH
SkQ OD FDSDFLWL PDL FRPSOH[H LPSOLFDWH vQ vQHOHJHUH úL DSOLFDUH D
FXQRúWLQHORUvQFRQWH[WHQRL
- vQWUR IRUPXODUH FRUHFW HOLPLQ DPELJXLWDWHD úL ULVFXO LQWUHSUHWULORU
subiective ale elevului, respectiv, profesorului evaluator
- DXXQJUDGvQDOWGHILGHOLWDWHúLUHGXFFRQVLGHUDELOULVFXO³JKLFLULL´UVSXQVXOXL
corect
- vQ YDULDQWD ³DOHJH FHD PDL EXQ DOWHUQDWLY´ RIHU SRVLELOLWDWHD GH D HYDOXD
UH]XOWDWHDOHvQYULLvQFRQWH[WHHXULVWLFH

35
Principalele dezavantaje ale acestui tip de itemi – semnificative în raport cu
SDUWLFXODULWLOH úWLLQHORU VRFLRXPDQH úL FRPSHWHQHORU SH FDUH DFHVWH GLVFLSOLQH vúL
SURSXQVOHIRUPH]H±VXQW
- LQHILFLHQD ORU vQ UDSRUW FX VLWXDLLOH FDUH DX FD RELHFWLY UHOHYDUHD DELOLWLL
HOHYXOXLGHDVHOHFWDRUJDQL]DúLXWLOL]DFUHDWLYLQIRUPDLLLGHL
- LPSRVLELOLWDWHDORUGHDFUHDFRQWH[WHFRJQLWLYHFDUHVUHOHYHGHSULQGHULOHGH
FRPXQLFDUHVFULVDOHHOHYLORUGHRUJDQL]DUHVDXSURGXFHUHDXQXLWH[WVFULV
- FDSDFLWDWHD ORU UHGXV GH D HYLGHQLD DELOLWL LPSOLFDWH vQ UH]ROYDUHD GH
probleme.

Exemple:

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW ,PSRUWDQD HOHPHQWHORU GH ORJLF SHQWUX FXQRDúWHUH
FRPXQLFDUHúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Obiectivul : (OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVGLVWLQJvQWUHFRUHFWLWXGLQHORJLFúLDGHYU
(QXQ 
♦ (VWHSRVLELOFDSULQWURLQIHUHQORJLFFRUHFWVRELQHPRFRQFOX]LHIDOV"
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. 1X HVWH SRVLELO GHRDUHFH XQ UDLRQDPHQW FRUHFW FRQGXFH vQWRWGHDXQD OD FRQFOX]LL
DGHYUDWH
b. (VWHSRVLELOQXPDLDWXQFLFkQGFHOSXLQXQDGLQWUHSUHPLVHHVWHIDOV
c. 1X HVWH SRVLELO GHRDUHFH FRUHFWLWXGLQHD ORJLF HVWH LQGHSHQGHQW GH DGHYUXO
SURSR]LLLORUFXFDUHRSHUP
d. (VWHSRVLELOGHRDUHFHUDLRQDPHQWHOHQXSRWILQLFLRGDWSHUIHFWH
(5VSXQVFRUHFW b.)

(QXQ 
♦ 6H SRDWH VXVLQH F R LQIHUHQHVWH ORJLF FRUHFW GHRDUHFH D FRQGXV OD RELQHUHD
XQHLFRQFOX]LLDGHYUDWH"
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. 'D GHRDUHFH DGHYUXO FRQFOX]LHL GHSLQGH FX QHFHVLWDWH GH FRUHFWLWXGLQHD ORJLF D
UDLRQDPHQWXOXL
b. 'DGHRDUHFHGDFUDLRQDPHQWXOHVWHLQFRUHFWQXSXWHPGHFLGHDVXSUDDGHYUXOXL
concluziei.
c. 1X GHRDUHFH FRUHFWLWXGLQHD ORJLF HVWH LQGHSHQGHQW GH DGHYUXO SURSR]LLLORU FX
FDUHRSHUP
d. 'DGHRDUHFHDGHYUXOúLFDSDFLWDWHDGHDUDLRQDFRUHFWGHSLQGvQPRGDEVROXWXQD
GHFHDODOW
(5VSXQVFRUHFW c.)

36
Disciplina : Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW 3URFHVHOH SVLKLFH úL UROXO ORU vQ GH]YROWDUHD SHUVRQDOLWLL
Gândirea
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V LGHQWLILFH FDUDFWHULVWLFL HVHQLDOH DOH
PRGDOLWLORUGHRSHUDUHDJkQGLULL
(QXQ 
♦ &DPRGDOLWDWHGHRSHUDUHDJkQGLULLDEVWUDFWL]DUHDDUHDQXPLWHSDUWLFXODULWL
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. (VWH R RSHUDLH SUHGRPLQDQW VLQWHWLF SULQ FDUH vQVXúLUL úL UHODLL DEVWUDFWH VXQW
UHXQLWHvQWUXQPRGHOLQIRUPDLRQDOFDUHGHILQHúWHRFODVGHRELHFWH
b. (VWHRRSHUDLHSULQFDUHVHUHDOL]HD]WUHFHUHDPHQWDOGHODSDUWLFXODULQGLYLGXDO
concret, la general sau categorial.
c. (VWH IRUPD VXSHULRDU GH DQDOL] VHOHFWLY RULHQWDW SH YHUWLFDO GH OD HOHPHQWH
YDULDELOH OD HOHPHQWH FX JUDGH WRW PDL vQDOWH GH LQYDULDQ GH OD HOHPHQWH
QHHVHQLDOHODHOHPHQWHHVHQLDOHVWDELOHúLFRPXQHXQHLFODVHGHRELHFWH
(5VSXQVFRUHFW c.)

(QXQ 
♦ &XP VH PDQLIHVW PRGDOLWLOH GH RSHUDUH D JkQGLULL vQ UHDOLWDWHD IXQFLRQULL
acesteia?
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. 'DWRULWSDUWLFXODULWLORUVDOHILHFDUHPRGGHRSHUDUHVHPDQLIHVWGLVWLQFWvQPRG
GHVLQHVWWWRU
b. 0RGDOLWLOH GH RSHUDUH D JkQGLULL VH PDQLIHVW vQ FXSOXUL úL EORFXUL LQWHUDFLRQLVWH
SURSULHWDWHDGHDRSHUDVLPXOWDQvQVHQVXULRSXVHILLQGVSHFLILFJkQGLULL
c. Capacitatea gândirii de a opera în sensuri opuse decurge tocmai din
LQFRPSDWLELOLWDWHDGLIHULWHORUHLPRGDOLWL
(5VSXQVFRUHFW b.)

Disciplina: Economie
Clasa a X-a si a XI-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW Costul
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V GLVWLQJ vQWUH GLIHULWHOH FDWHJRULL GH FRVWXUL
DQWUHQDWHGHDFWLYLWDWHDHFRQRPLF
(QXQ 
♦ Care dintre cheltuielile enumerate mai jos nu fac parte din categoria costurilor
variabile?
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. &KHOWXLHOLOHSHFDUH OH DQWUHQHD] WUDQVSRUWXO EXQXULORU GH OD SURGXFWRU ODXQLWDWHD
de desfacere.
b. &KHOWXLHOLOHFDUHDXOHJWXUQHPLMORFLWFXSURFHVXOGHIDEULFDLHDEXQXULORU
c. &KHOWXLHOLOHRFD]LRQDWHGHVFKLPEDUHDWHKQRORJLHLGHIDEULFDLH
d. &KHOWXLHOLOHFRQFUHWL]DWHvQVDODULLOHSHUVRQDOXOXLDQJDMDWvQVHFLLOHGHIDEULFDLH

37
 (5VSXQVFRUHFW c.)

(QXQ 
♦ &DUHGLQWUHFKHOWXLHOLOHHQXPHUDWHPDLMRVIDFSDUWHGLQFDWHJRULDFRVWXULORUIL[HIU
DILvQVúLHOHPHQWHGHFDSLWDOIL["
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. &KHOWXLHOLOHFXFRPEXVWLELOXOúLHQHUJLDSHQWUXSURGXFLH
b. &KHOWXLHOLOHFXFRPEXVWLELOXOúLHQHUJLDSHQWUXLOXPLQDWXOúLvQFO]LUHDXQLWLL
c. &KHOWXLHOLOHFXVDODULLOHSHUVRQDOXOXLDQJDMDWvQVHFLLOHGHIDEULFDLH
d. &KHOWXLHOLOHFXPDWHULLSULPHúLPDWHULDOH
e. &KHOWXLHOLOHFXDPRUWL]DUHDPDúLQLORUXWLODMHORULQVWDODLLORU
(5VSXQVFRUHFW b.)

Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW2PXO±FDSUREOHPILORVRILF
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V GLVWLQJ vQWUH GUHSWXULOH QHJDWLYH úL GUHSWXULOH
pozitive ale omului.
(QXQ 
♦ &DUH GLQWUH XUPWRDUHOH GUHSWXUL vQVFULVH vQ 'HFODUDLD XQLYHUVDO D GUHSWXULORU
omului sunt drepturi negative?
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. 'UHSWXOODHGXFDLH
b. 'UHSWXOODvQJULMLUHPHGLFDO
c. Dreptul la libera stabilire a domiciliului
d. Dreptul la libera exprimare a opiniei.
(5VSXQVFRUHFW d.)

(QXQ 
♦ 'UHSWXULOHQHJDWLYHVHGHRVHEHVFGHGUHSWXULOHSR]LWLYHSULQDFHHDF
$OHJHUVSXQVXOFRUHFWúLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUDFRUHVSXQ]WRDUH
a. 6H UHIHU OD DQXPLWH IRUPH GH GLVFULPLQDUH VSHFLILFH vQ PRG GHRVHELW VRFLHWLL
moderne.
b. $X vQ YHGHUH vQ VSHFLDO DVLJXUDUHD FRQGLLLORU SHQWUX HOLPLQDUHD GHILQLWLY D
GLVFULPLQULLUDVLDOH
c. 1XVXQWDFFHSWDWHvQPRGXQDQLPúLLQFOXVHFDDWDUHvQ&RQVWLWXLL
d. ÌQ OHJWXU FX HOH VH SUHVXSXQH F H[HUFLWDUHD ORU HVWH FX DWkW PDL GHSOLQ FX FkW
VWDWXOHVWHPDL³DEVHQW´GLQYLDDLQGLYL]LORUFURUDOHUHYLQ
(5VSXQVFRUHFW d.)

38
 CAPITOLUL 3
ITEMI SEMIOBIECTIVI

3.1. ,7(0,&85638166&857'(&203/(7$5(
Ì175(%5,6758&785$7(

Itemii semiobiectivi VXQW DFHD FDWHJRULH GH LWHPL FDUH VROLFLW HOHYXOXL FRQVWUXLUHD
SDULDOVDXWRWDODDXQXLUVSXQVODVDUFLQDGHILQLWvQHQXQXOLWHPXOXL
În general, itemii semiobiectivi VHFDUDFWHUL]HD]SULQDFHHDF
- SRWWHVWDDJDPODUJGHFDSDFLWLLQWHOHFWXDOHúLUH]XOWDWHDOHvQYULL
- SODVHD]HOHYXOLQWURVLWXDLHFRJQLWLYDFXXQJUDGGHFRPSOH[LWDWHPDLULGLFDW
GHFkWUHXúHVFVRIDFLWHPLLRELHFWLYL
- permit utilizarea unor materiale auxiliare.
8WLOL]DUHDDFHVWXLWLSGHLWHPLSRDWHvQFXUDMDHOHYXOvQDSURIXQGDUHDQRLXQLORUvQYDWH
FUHúWHUHDYLWH]HLGHRSHUDUHFXDFHVWHDDFODULWLLFRQFL]LHLúLDFXUDWHHLH[SULPULL

,7(0,&85638166&857'(&203/(7$5(

$FHúWLLWHPLVROLFLWHOHYXOVIRUPXOH]HXQUVSXQVVFXUWVDXVFRPSOHWH]HRDILUPDLH
vQDúDIHOvQFkWDFHDVWDVGREkQGHDVFVHQVúLYDORDUHGHDGHYU
În cadrul lor:
- VDUFLQDHVWHSXWHUQLFVWUXFWXUDW
- UVSXQVXO FHUXW HOHYXOXL HVWH VWULFW OLPLWDW FD VSDLX IRUP úL FRQLQXW FKLDU
GHFWUHVWUXFWXUDvQWUHEULLVDUFLQLL
- OLEHUWDWHDHOHYXOXLGHDUHRUJDQL]DLQIRUPDLDSULPLWúLGHDRIHULUVSXQVXOvQ
IRUPDGRULWHVWHOLPLWDW
- UVSXQVXOFRUHFWGHPRQVWUHD]QXGRDUFXQRDúWHUHFLúLFDSDFLWDWHDHOHYXOXL
GHRUJDQL]DUHDFXQRúWLQHORUHVHQLDOL]DUHHODERUDUHúLIRUPXODUHDGHFYDW

,WHPLLFXUVSXQVVFXUWVROLFLWHOHYXOXLHODERUDUHDUVSXQVXOXLVXEIRUPDFRQFLVDXQHL
SURSR]LLLIUD]HXQHRUL GRDU FXYkQW VLPERO QXPU &HOPDL DGHVHD HL DXIRUPDXQHL
vQWUHEUL
,WHPLLGHFRPSOHWDUHVROLFLWHOHYXOXLJVLUHDFXYkQWXOXLVDXVLQWDJPHLFDUHFRPSOHWHD]
DILUPDLD FRQLQXW vQ HQXQ FRQIRUP VHQVXOXL DFHVWHLD &HO PDL DGHVHD HL DX IRUPD
XQHLDILUPDLLLQFRPSOHWH

Pentru proiectareaFRUHFWDLWHPLORUFXUVSXQV VFXUW GH FRPSOHWDUH HVWH QHFHVDU

UHVSHFWDUHDXUPWRDUHORUFHULQH
- IRUPXODUHD HQXQXOXL LWHPXOXL úL D VDUFLQLL WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW vQ DúD IHO vQFkW
UVSXQVXOQHFHVDUVSRDWILVFXUWúLSUHFLV
- ILHFDUHLWHPWUHEXLHVDLEXQVLQJXUUVSXQVFRUHFW
- VSDLXOOLEHUIXUQL]DWSHQWUX UHGDFWDUHD UDVSXQVXOXL WUHEXLH VILH VXILFLHQW GH
PDUH DVWIHO vQFkW HOHYXO FDUH DUH XQ VFULV PDL PDUH V QX VH VLPW
GH]DYDQWDMDW ID GH HOHYXO FX XQ VFULV PDL PUXQW úL V VXJHUH]H GDF
UDVSXQVXODúWHSWDWFRQLQHXQVLQJXUFXYkQWVDXPDLPXOWH

39
 - GDF UDVSXQVXO SRDWH IL IRUPXODW vQ OLPEDMH GLIHULWH DWXQFL WUHEXLH SUHFL]DW
H[SOLFLWH[SULPDUHDDúWHSWDWQXPHULFOLWHUDOJUDILFVLPEROLFHWF
- HVWHGHGRULWVVHHYLWHXWLOL]DUHDXQRUWH[WHGLQPDQXDOHSHQWUXDQXvQFXUDMD
PHPRUDUHDPHFDQLFúLvQYDUHDGHWLSUHSURGXFWLY

AvantajeleLWHPLORUFXUVSXQVVFXUWGHFRPSOHWDUHGHFXUJGLQDFHHDF
- SHUPLW HYDOXDUHD XQRU FDSDFLWL GH QLYHO VXSHULRU FHORU LPSOLFDWH vQ VLPSOD
UHFXQRDúWHUHúLUHDFWXDOL]DUH
- VROLFLWFRHUHQúLFRQFL]LXQHvQHODERUDUHDUVSXQVXOXL
- SHUPLWHYDOXDUHD XQXL QXPU UHODWLY VHPQLILFDWLY GH FXQRúWLQH VWUXFWXUDWH vQ
GHSULQGHULúLFDSDFLWL
- VDUFLQD VWUXFWXUDW úL UVSXQVXO FRQFLV FHUXW SHUPLW HYLWDUHD LQIOXHQHL DOWRU
DELOLWL FDUH DU LQWHUIHUD FX FHD HYDOXDW úL DU GXFH OD GLVWRUVLRQDUHD
HYDOXULL
- VHHODERUHD]UHODWLYXúRUúLUDSLG
- VHFRUHFWHD]úLVHQRWHD]FXXQJUDGVXILFLHQWGHRELHFWLYLWDWH±GDFOLVH
DVRFLD]RVFKHPGHQRWDUHDGHFYDW

Dezavantaje: GLQFDX]DSDUWLFXODULWLORUORULWHPLLFXUVSXQVVFXUWGHFRPSOHWDUHQX
VXQWUHFRPDQGDLSHQWUXHYDOXDUHDFDSDFLWLORULQWHOHFWXDOHVXSHULRDUH±UH]ROYDUHDGH
SUREOHPH DQDOL]D VLQWH]D IRUPXODUHD GH DUJXPHQWH IRUPXODUHD GH VROXLL SRVLELOH úL
H[SULPDUHDRSLXQLLSHUVRQDOH
'HDVHPHQHDFDSDFLWDWHDGHDIRUPXODXQUVSXQVVFXUWúLFRQFLV±QHFHVDUvQPXOWH
VLWXDLL±WUHEXLHDVRFLDWFXFDSDFLWDWHDGHDGH]YROWDXQGLVFXUVGHDFRQVWUXLVLWXDLL
GH FRPXQLFDUH FRPSOH[H GH H[SULPDUH OLEHU úL FUHDWLY 'H DFHHD XWLOL]DUHD DFHVWXL
WLS GH LWHPL vQ FDGUXO HYDOXULL OD GLVFLSOLQHOH VRFLRXPDQH WUHEXLH SRQGHUDW FX
SUXGHQ

Exemple:

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW$QDOL]DORJLFDDUJXPHQWHORU±UDSRUWXULvQWUHSURSR]LLL
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V VWDELOHDVF UDSRUWXO ORJLF vQ FDUH VH DIO
GRXSURSR]LLLH[SULPDWHvQOLPEDMQDWXUDOúLVDXORJLF
(QXQ 
♦ (QXPHUFHOHSDWUXWLSXULIXQGDPHQWDOHGHSURSR]LLLFDWHJRULFH

1…………………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………
4…………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFW3URSR]LLHXQLYHUVDODILUPDWLY
3URSR]LLHXQLYHUVDOQHJDWLY
3URSR]LLHSDUWLFXODUDILUPDWLY

40
3URSR]LLHSDUWLFXODUQHJDWLY
)LHFUXLUDVSXQVFRUHFWLVHDVRFLD]XQQXPUGHSXQFWH2UGLQHDHQXPHUULLQXDUH
VHPQLILFDLH

(QXQ 
♦ )LHXUPWRDUHOHGRXSURSR]LLL

7RLHOHYLLFDUHDXRELQXWPHGLDJHQHUDOVXQWDúWHSWDLODGLUHFLXQHDúFROLL
8QLLHOHYLFDUHDXRELQXWPHGLDJHQHUDOQXVXQWDúWHSWDLODGLUHFLXQH

,GHQWLILFUDSRUWXOORJLFvQFDUHVHDIOFHOHGRXSURSR]LLLúLQRWHD]OvQVSDLXOOLEHUGH
mai jos.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(QXQ 
♦ &RPSOHWHD]VSDLLOHSXQFWDWHDVWIHOvQFkWVRELLDILUPDLLDGHYUDWH

a. 'RXSURSR]LLLVHDIOvQUDSRUWGHFRQWUDGLFLHGDFQXSRWILvPSUHXQ««««««
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. 'RXSURSR]LLLVHDIOvQUDSRUWGHFRQWUDULHWDWHGDFQXSRWILVLPXOWDQ«««««
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
c. 'RXSURSR]LLLVHDIOvQUDSRUWGHVXEFRQWUDULHWDWHGDFQXSRWILVLPXOWDQ««««
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
d. ÌQWUXQUDSRUWGHVXEDOWHUQDUHVHSRWDIODGRXSURSR]LLLFDUHDX««««««««
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(5VSXQVFRUHFWDQLFLIDOVHQLFLDGHYUDWHEDGHYUDWHGDUSRWILVLPXOWDQIDOVHF
IDOVHGDFHHDúLFDOLWDWH

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW3URFHVHOHSVLKLFHúLUROXOORUvQHYROXLDSHUVRQDOLWLL±
PRWLYDLD
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V FDUDFWHUL]H]H SURFHVHOH SVLKLFH PRWLYDLRQDOH
GLQSHUVSHFWLYDUROXOXLORUvQPDQLIHVWDUHDSHUVRQDOLWLL
(QXQ 
♦ (QXPHUFHOHWUHLIXQFLLSULQFLSDOHSULQFDUHPRWLYDLDvúLUHDOL]HD]UROXOUHJODWRU
1……………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFWIXQFLDGHVHOHFWDUHDFWLYDUHúLGHFODQúDUHIXQFLDGHRULHQWDUH
±GLUHFLRQDUHIXQFLDGHVXVLQHUH±SRWHQDUH

41
(QXQ 
♦ 1XPHúWH QLYHOXO GH LQWHQVLWDWH DO LPSXOVXOXL PRWLYDLRQDO FDUH DVLJXU HILFLHQD
PD[LPDDFWLYLWLLFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(5VSXQVFRUHFWRSWLPXPPRWLYDLRQDO

(QXQ 
♦ &RPSOHWHD]VSDLLOHSXQFWDWHDVWIHOvQFkWVRELLDILUPDLLDGHYUDWH
a. &D OHJH GH ED] D RUJDQL]ULL úL IXQFLRQULL VLVWHPXOXL GH SHUVRQDOLWDWH PRWLYDLD
este……………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. ÌQOLPLWHUH]RQDELOHIUXVWUDUHDvQGHSOLQHúWH««««««««««««««««««
c. 5HIXODUHD HVWH SURFHVXO GH vQOWXUDUH GLQ ]RQD SUHRFXSULORU FRQúWLHQWH D
LPSXOVXULORUúLGRULQHORUFDUH««««««««««««««««««««««««
d. 5HSULPDUHD HVWH SURFHVXO YLROHQW GH UHWUDJHUH vQ ]RQD LQFRQúWLHQWXOXL D GRULQHORU
LPSXOVXULORUVDXWHQGLQHORUFDUH«««««««««««««««««««««««

(5VSXQV FRUHFW D FDX]D LQWHUQ D FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL E XQ URO SR]LWLY F QX SRW IL
VDWLVIFXWHvQVLWXDLDGDWGVXQWFRQVLGHUDWHLQGH]LUDELOHVDXLQDFFHSWDELOHVRFLDO

Disciplina: Economie
&ODVDD;DúLD;,D
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW5HODLDFHUHUHRIHUWSUHSUHXO
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V VWDELOHDVF FRUHODLL HFRQRPLFH VHPQLILFDWLYH
vQWUHPRGLILFDUHDUDSRUWXOXLFHUHUHRIHUWúLPRGLILFDUHDSUHXOXL
(QXQ 
♦ (QXPHUDLFHOHSDWUXFDWHJRULLGHFDX]HHFRQRPLFHFDUHSRWGHWHUPLQDPRGLILFDUHD
SUHXOXLGHHFKLOLEUX
1…………………………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………………
3…………………………………………………………………………………
4…………………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFW: 1. modificarea cererii; 2. modificarea ofertei; 3. modificarea costului

WRWDOPHGLXPRGLILFDUHDSUHXULORUDOWRUEXQXUL

(QXQ 
♦ &RPSOHWHD]VSDLLOHSXQFWDWHDVWIHOvQFkWVRELLDILUPDLLDGHYUDWH
a. 0RGLILFDUHD FHUHULL úL PRGLILFDUHD SUHXOXL GH HFKLOLEUX VH DIO vQ
UHODLH««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
b. 0RGLILFDUHD RIHUWHL úL PRGLILFDUHD SUHXOXL GH HFKLOLEUX VH DIO vQ
UHODLH««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
c. 0RGLILFDUHD FRVWXOXL WRWDO PHGLX úL PRGLILFDUHD SUHXOXL GH HFKLOLEUX VH DIO vQ
UHODLH««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««

42
d. ,QWHUYHQLD GLUHFW D DXWRULWLORU SXEOLFH DVXSUD SUHXOXL GH HFKLOLEUX VH UHDOL]HD]
prin…………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(5VSXQV FRUHFW D SR]LWLY E QHJDWLY F QHJDWLY G IL[DUHD XQRU QLYHOXUL VDX
SODIRDQHGHSUH

(QXQ 
♦ 1XPHúWHYROXPXOGHWUDQ]DFLLSHSLDFUXLDvLFRUHVSXQGHSUHXOGHHFKLOLEUX
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(5VSXQVFRUHFW: cantitatea de echilibru).

Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW2PXO±FDSUREOHPILORVRILF
Obiectivul:(OHYXOYDILFDSDELOVLGHQWLILFHQRWHGHILQLWRULLDOHXPDQXOXLDúDFXPVXQW
HOHHYLGHQLDWHvQFDGUXOXQRUFRQFHSLLILORVRILFHPRGHUQHúLFRQWHPSRUDQH
(QXQ 
♦ 1XPHúWHILORVRIXOvQFRQFHSLDFUXLDQRWDGHILQLWRULHDXPDQXOXLHVWHH[LVWHQDvQWUX
PLVWHUúLSHQWUXUHYHODUH
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…

(5VSXQVFRUHFW: Lucian Blaga).

♦ &RPSOHWHD]VSDLLOHSXQFWDWHDVWIHOvQFkWVRELLSURSR]LLLDGHYUDWH
a. Pentru Descartes, nota definitorie a omului este faptul de a fi
…………………………………………………………………………….
b. Pentru Bergson, nota definitorie a omului este faptul de a fi
…………………………………………………………………………….
c. Pentru Blaga, nota definitorie a omului este faptul de a fi
…………………………………………………………………………….

(5VSXQVFRUHFWDUHVFRJLWDQVVDXILLQFXJHWDWRDUHEKRPRIDEHUVDXFUHDWRUGH
XQHOWHFH[LVWHQDvQWUXPLVWHUúLSHQWUXUHYHODUH

Ì175(%5,6758&785$7(

ÌQWUHEULOHVWUXFWXUDWHVXQWLWHPLFDUHFRQLQPDLPXOWHVDUFLQLGHOXFUXSXQkQGHOHYXOvQ
VLWXDLD GH D FRQVWUXL UVSXQVXULOH úL GH D DOHJH PRGDOLWLOH GH IRUPXODUH D DFHVWRUD
(OHUHDOL]HD]WUHFHUHDGHODLWHPLLRELHFWLYLúLVHPLRELHFWLYL±FXWRDWHFRQVWUkQJHULOHORU
±FWUHLWHPLLOLEHUL

O vQWUHEDUHVWUXFWXUDWHVWHIRUPDWGLQWUXQQXPUYDULDELOGHVHFYHQH±VXEvQWUHEUL
FDUHSRWDYHDIRUPDXQRULWHPLRELHFWLYLVHPLRELHFWLYLVDXHVHXVFXUW±DFURUFRHUHQ

43
úLVXFFHVLXQHGHULYGLQWUXQHOHPHQWFRPXQLGHHIDSWSULQFLSLXOHJHUDLXQHLQWHUQ
a problematicii vizate).

6FKHPDXQXLLWHPGHWLSvQWUHEDUHVWUXFWXUDWHVWHXUPWRDUHD%HWKHOO*

Material / Stimul
WH[WGDWHVWDWLVWLFHGLDJUDPJUDILFLPDJLQHHWF

6XEvQWUHEUL

Date suplimentare

6XEvQWUHEUL

Proiectarea FRUHFW D XQXL LWHP GH WLS LQWUHEDUH VWUXFWXUDW SUHVXSXQH UHVSHFWDUHD
XUPWRDUHORUFHULQH6WRLFD$(coord.), 1996):
- VXFFHVLXQHD VXEvQWUHEULORU WUHEXLH V DVLJXUH FUHúWHUHD WUHSWDW D JUDGXOXL
GH GLILFXOWDWH UVSXQVXULOH DúWHSWDWH VXQW PDL VLPSOH OD vQFHSXW LDU
FRPSOH[LWDWHDúLGLPHQVLXQHDORUFUHVFVSUHILQDO
- ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V VROLFLWH XQ UVSXQV FDUH V QX GHSLQG GH
UVSXQVXO OD VXEvQWUHEDUHD SUHFHGHQW ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V ILH
DXWRFRQLQXW
- VXEvQWUHEULOH WUHEXLH V ILH vQ FRQFRUGDQ FX PDWHULDOXOVWLPXOXO XWLOL]DW
DVWIHOvQFkWDFHVWDVFRQVWLWXLHXQVXSRUWvQUH]ROYDUHDVDUFLQLORU
- ILHFDUHVXEvQWUHEDUHWUHEXLHVWHVWH]HXQXOVDXPDLPXOWHRELHFWLYH
- ILHFDUH VXEvQWUHEDUH WUHEXLH V ILH XUPDW GH XQ VSDLX OLEHU VXILFLHQW SHQWUX
FRQVHPQDUHDGHFWUHHOHYDUVSXQVXOXL

ÌQWUHEULOH VWUXFWXUDWH SHUPLW RSHUDLRQDOL]DUHD XQHL VDUFLQL PDL FRPSOH[H SULQ

RUJDQL]DUHD SDUFXUJHULL DFHVWHLD GH FWUH HOHY FHHD FH PUHúWH FRQVLGHUDELO
RELHFWLYLWDWHDHYDOXULL
3ULQVWUXFWXUDUHDvQWUHEULLDFHVWWLSGHLWHPLSHUPLW
- WHVWDUHDXQHLYDULHWLGHFXQRúWLQHFRPSHWHQHDELOLWL
- JUDGDUHDFRPSOH[LWLLúLGLILFXOWLL
- SDUFXUJHUHDSURJUHVLYDXQHLXQLWLGHFRQLQXWúLFUHDUHDFRQGLLLORUSHQWUX
FDHYDOXDUHDVGHDúDQVHWXWXURUHOHYLORUGDUVúLGLVFULPLQH]HODYkUI

'LILFXOWLOHSHFDUHOHFRPSRUWvQWUHEULOHVWUXFWXUDWHVXQWOHJDWHGHIDSWXOF

44
 - materialele auxiliare (stimulul) sunt relativ greu de proiectat
- XQHRUL UVSXQVXO OD R VXEvQWUHEDUH GHSLQGH GH UVSXQVXO OD VXEvQWUHEDUHD
DQWHULRDU
- SURLHFWDUHDORUQHFHVLWPDLPXOWWLPS

Exemple
'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWTipuri de argumentare
Obiectivul: (OHYXO YD IL FDSDELO V XWLOL]H]H LQVWUXPHQWHOH WHRUHWLFH vQVXúLWH
pentru a stabili validitatea unui argument.
(QXQ 
♦ )LHXUPWRUXODUJXPHQW
1LFL XQ IDSW LQWHQLRQDW QX HVWH JDI 8QHOH JUHúHOL VXQW JDIH 'HFL XQHOH JUHúHOL VXQW
IDSWHQHLQWHQLRQDWH

1. ,GHQWLILFDLWHUPHQXOPDMRUWHUPHQXOPLQRUúLWHUPHQXOPHGLX
Termenul major este……………………………………………….
Termenul minor este……………………………………………….
Termenul mediu este………………………………………………
2. 8WLOL]kQGOHJLOHJHQHUDOHDOHVLORJLVPXOXLGHFLGHLGDFDUJXPHQWXOHVWHYDOLGVDXQX
- Da, este valid deoarece……………………………………………………………...
- Nu, nu este valid deoarece…………………………………………………………..
3. 'DFDUJXPHQWXOQXHVWHYDOLGLQGLFDLHURDUHDFRPLV
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFW:
1. Termenul major este IDSW LQWHQLRQDW termenul minor este JUHúHOL termenul mediu
este gafe.
'DHVWHYDOLGGHRDUHFHUHVSHFWWRDWHOHJLOHJHQHUDOHDOHVLORJLVPXOXL

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW3URFHVHOHSVLKLFHúLUROXOORUvQHYROXLDSHUVRQDOLWLL±0RWLYDLD
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- V FDUDFWHUL]H]H PRWLYDLD GLQ SHUVSHFWLYD IXQFLLORU SH FDUH DFHDVWD OH
vQGHSOLQHúWHvQFDGUXOFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
- VFDUDFWHUL]H]HVWUXFWXULDOHPRWLYDLHLPRWLYHOH
- V DQDOL]H]H UROXO RSWLPXPXOXL PRWLYDLRQDO vQ RELQHUHD SHUIRUPDQHL vQ
activitate.
(QXQ 
♦ 0RWLYDLD HVWH DFHD FRPSRQHQW SVLKLF SULQ FDUH VH UHIOHFW úL VH VHPQDOL]HD]
VWULOH GH QHFHVLWDWH DOH VXELHFWXOXL úL FDUH VHOHFWHD] úL DFWLYHD] FRPSRUWDPHQWH
adecvate de satisfacere (“cauza interna” a comportamentului).

45
(DHVWHGHFLRSkUJKLHLPSRUWDQWDDXWRUHJOULLFRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL
D(QXPHUDLFHOHWUHLIXQFLLSULQFLSDOHDOHPRWLYDLHLSUHFL]kQGWRWRGDWPRGXOvQFDUH
VHPDQLIHVWILHFDUHGLQWUHHOH
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
E(QXQDLQRWHOHGHILQLWRULLDOHPRWLYHORU
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
F&DUHVXQWFHOHWUHLVLWXDLLSRVLELOHJHQHUDWHGHLQWHUDFLXQHDPRWLYHORUúLFRQVHFLQHOH
acestora în planul comportamentului?
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
d. Care sunt cele doua situatii in care se poate vorbi de optimum motivational si efectele
lor asupra performantei in activitate?
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFW
D  IXQFLD GH VHOHFWDUH DFWLYDUH úL GHFODQúDUH ± VH GHVIúRDU SH ED]D DQDOL]HL
VHPQDOHORULQIRUPDLHLGHVSUHVWDUHDGHQHFHVLWDWHIXQFLDGHRULHQWDUH±GLUHFLRQDUH
±VHGHVIúRDUSHED]DDQDOL]HLLQIRUPDLLORUFXSULYLUHODRELHFWXOGHVDWLVIDFHUHDVWULL
GH QHFHVLWDWH úL FX SULYLUH OD VFRSXO DFLXQLL  IXQFLD GH VXVLQHUH ± SRWHQDUH ± VH
GHVIúRDUSHED]DDQDOL]HLLQIRUPDLLORUSULYLQGFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHVLWXDLHLH[WHUQHvQFDUH
XUPHD]VILHVDWLVIFXWVWDUHDGHQHFHVLWDWH
EUHDFWXDOL]ULúLWUDQVSXQHULvQSODQVXELHFWLYDVWULORUGHQHFHVLWDWHSRWILFRQúWLHQWH
VDXLQFRQúWLHQWHDVLJXUHIHFWXDUHDFRPSRUWDPHQWHORUFRUHVSXQ]WRDUHGHVDWLVIDFHUH
PRELOXOFDUHGHFODQúHD]VXVLQHHQHUJHWLFúLRULHQWHD]DFLXQHDDXGRXVHJPHQWH
XQXOHQHUJL]DQWúLXQXOGLQDPRJHQ

46
FVLWXDLDGHRSWDUHGHUHLQHUHDXQRUDúLGHUHVSLQJHUHDDOWRUDSRDWHJHQHUDVWUL
GHIUXVWUDUHVLWXDLDGHFRRSHUDUHvQWUHVFPRWLYDLDúLHILFLHQDDFWLYLWLLVLWXDLD
GHFRQIOLFWGLPLQXHD]PRWLYDLDúLSRDWHGXFHODLQVWDODUHDXQRUFRPSOH[HGXQWRDUH
SHUVRQDOLWLL
G  GLILFXOWDWHD VDUFLQLL HVWH SHUFHSXW FRUHFW PRGXODUHD LQWHQVLWLL PRWLYDLHL GXS
JUDGXO GH GLILFXOWDWH D VDUFLQLL úL VXFFHV vQ DFWLYLWDWH  GLILFXOWDWHD VDUFLQLL HVWH
SHUFHSXW LQFRUHFW ± VXEDSUHFLDW VDX VXSUDDSUHFLDW LQWHQVLWDWH QHDGHFYDW D
VXSRUWXOXLPRWLYDLRQDOHúHFVDXLQVDWLVIDFLH

Disciplina: Economie
&ODVDD;DúLD;,D
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW3URGXFWRUXOvQWUHSULQ]WRUXO±FRVWXULSURGXFWLYLWDWHSURILW
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
VGHILQHDVFFHOHWUHLFRQFHSWH
- V HYLGHQLH]H FRUHODLL HFRQRPLFH VHPQLILFDWLYH vQWUH FRVW SURGXFWLYLWDWH
profit
- VHVWLPH]HHYROXLDFRVWXOXLSURGXFWLYLWLLSURILWXOXL vQ FRQWH[WH HFRQRPLFH
date.
(QXQ 
♦ )LHXUPWRDUHOHIRUPXOH
a. CT = CM + CS
b. W = Q / Fi
c. Pr = CA – CT

1. 'HILQLLLQGLFDWRULLDOHFURUIRUPXOHVXQWPHQLRQDWHODSXQFWHOHDEF
a……………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
c…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ÌQFRQGLLLOHvQFDUHSLDDQXSHUPLWHFUHúWHUHDSUHXOXLGHYkQ]DUHFDUHHVWHVROXLD
RSWLPSHQWUXPDMRUDUHDSURILWXOXL"
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
  &RQVWUXLL XQ H[HPSOX FRQFUHWXWLOL]kQG YDORUL QXPHULFH SHQWUX D LOXVWUD VLWXDLD vQ
FDUH FUHúWHUHD SURGXFWLYLWLL GXFH OD FUHúWHUHD VDODULLORU úL SURILWXOXL FKLDU vQ FRQGLLLOH
PHQLQHULLFRQVWDQWHVDXUHGXFHULLSUHXOXLGHYkQ]DUH
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

47
&HHYROXLHHVWHGHSUHVXSXVFYDDYHD
DSURILWXOvQVLWXDLDFUHúWHULLSURGXFWLYLWLL"
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
ESURGXFWLYLWDWHDvQVLWXDLDUHGXFHULLFKHOWXLHOLORUFXPXQFDYLHSHXQLWDWHDGHSURGXV"
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
FFRVWXOvQVLWXDLDUDLRQDOL]ULLFRQVXPXULORUPDWHULDOH"
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(5VSXQVFRUHFW:
'HILQLLLOHFHUXWH
2. Reducerea costului.
 3UHVXSXQHP F vQ 71 XQ vQWUHSULQ]WRU UHDOL]HD] R SURGXFLH ]LOQLF GH  EXFL
SURGXV;3UHXOSHEXFDWHVWHGHXP GHFL FLIUD GH DIDFHUL ]LOQLF HVWH GH 
XP'LQDFHDVWDXPUHSUH]LQWFRVWXOWRWDOLDUXPUHSUH]LQWSURILWXO&RVWXO
VHFRPSXQHGLQXPFDSLWDOFRQVXPDWGLQFDUHXPFDSLWDOFLUFXODQWúLXP
DPRUWL]DUHD FDSLWDOXOXL IL[ úL  XP VDODULL ÌQ DFHVWH FRQGLLL SURGXFWLYLWDWHD JOREDO
PHGLHHVWHGH &70  XPUDWDUHQWDELOLWLLHVWH[
3HEXFDWVWUXFWXUDFRVWXOXLVHSUH]LQWDVWIHOXP&FEXF XP
u.m. Acf / 10 buc = 2 u.m.; 40 u.m. s / 10 buc. = 4 u.m.; profitul: 20 u.m. / 10 buc. = 2
XP3UHVXSXQHPFvQ72DXORFXUPWRDUHOHPRGLILFULSURGXFLDFUHúWHFXGHFL
4 EXFFKHOWXLHOLOHFXFDSLWDOXOFLUFXODQWFUHVFSURSRULRQDOFXSURGXFLDVDODULLOH
FUHVF FX  GHFL V   XP ÌQ DFHDVW VLWXDLH VWUXFWXUD FRVWXOXL XQLWDU YD IL 
u.m. Cc / 15 buc. = 2 u.m.; 20 u.m. Acf / 15 buc. = 1,33 u.m.; 50 u.m. s / 15 buc. = 3,33
u.m.. Deci costul unitar (CTM) va fi 100 CT / 15 Q = 6,66 u.m.; productivitatea medie
JOREDO HVWH    LDU UDWD UHQWDELOLWLL HVWH  SURILW  &7 [   
Deci, salariile au crescut de la 40 u.m. la 50 u.m., masa profitului de la 20 u.m. la 50,1
XPLDUSUHXOGHYkQ]DUHSRDWHVUPkQFRQVWDQWVDXFKLDUVVHUHGXF
DFUHúWHEFUHúWHFVFDGH

Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW2PXO±FDSUREOHPILORVRILF
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VLGHQWLILFHúLVIRUPXOH]HSUREOHPDILORVRILFDERUGDWvQWUXQWH[W
- VLGHQWLILFHFRQFHSWXO±FKHLHGLQWUXQWH[WúLVHQXQHQRWHOHOXLGHILQLWRULL
- VUHIRUPXOH]HDGHFYDWSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHVXVLQXWvQWUXQWH[W
(QXQ 
♦ 6HGXUPWRUXOWH[W
³'DUFHVXQWSULQXUPDUH"8QOXFUXFHFXJHW&HHVWHDFHVWD"8QXOFDUHVHvQGRLHúWH
vQHOHJH DILUP QHDJ YURLHúWH QX YURLHúWH vQWRWGHDXQD LPDJLQHD] úL VLPWH« 3ULQ
XUPDUHGLQVLPSOXOIDSWFúWLXGHH[LVWHQDPHDúLREVHUYWRWGHDXQDFDEVROXWQLPLF
DOWFHYDQXDSDULQHILULLVDX HVHQHL PHOH vQ DIDU GH IDSWXO F VXQWILLQ FXJHWWRDUH
vQFKHL SH GUHSW F HVHQD PHD FRQVW vQ DFHHD GRDU F VXQW ILLQ FXJHWWRDUH´ ( R.
Descartes, Meditationes de prima philosophia).

48
1. ,GHQWLILFDLúLIRUPXODLSUREOHPDILORVRILFSHFDUHRDERUGHD]WH[WXO
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ,GHQWLILFDLFRQFHSWXOFKHLHGLQWH[WúLHQXQDLQRWHOHOXLGHILQLWRULL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. )RUPXODLvQFXYLQWHSURSULLSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHH[SULPDWGHDXWRUXOWH[WXOXL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(5VSXQVXOFRUHFW:
1. Ce este omul?
 5HV FRJLWDQVOXFUX FH FXJHWILLQ FXJHWWRDUH H[SULP HVHQD XPDQ DWULEXWXO
FXJHWULL DUH R H[LVWHQ LQGHSHQGHQW GH FRUS HVWH FRJQRVFLELO ± ³RELHFWXO³ GH
FXQRVFXWHVWHFKLDUVXELHFWXOFXQRVFWRU
)RUPXODUHDDGHFYDW

49
 CAPITOLUL 4
,7(0,68%,(&7,9,&8563816'(6&+,6

4.1. REZOLVAREA DE PROBLEME

4.2. ITEMI DE TIP ESEU

,WHPLL VXELHFWLYL VDX FX UVSXQV GHVFKLVDXGUHSW SULQFLSDO FDUDFWHULVWLF IDSWXO F

WHVWHD] RULJLQDOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL FUHDWLYLWDWHD úL FDSDFLWDWHD VD GH SHUVRQDOL]DUH D
FXQRúWLQHORU(LVXQWvQPRGVSHFLDOUHFRPDQGDLSHQWUXUHDOL]DUHDHYDOXULLODúWLLQHOH
VRFLRXPDQH GDWH ILLQG SDUWLFXODULWLOH DFHVWRUD SUHFXP úL QDWXUD FRPSHWHQHORU
JHQHUDOHúLVSHFLILFHSHFDUHvúLSURSXQVOHIRUPH]HODHOHYL

&X WRDWH F DFHúWL LWHPL SDU UHODWLY XúRU GH FRQVWUXLW H[LJHQHOH IRUPXOULL FRUHFWH D
FHULQHLúLDEDUHPXOXLGHFRUHFWDUHúLQRWDUHVXQWIRDUWHVWULFWHHOHWUHEXLHVSUHYLQ
DFHDVXELHFWLYLWDWHDSURIHVRUXOXLFDUHFRQGXFHODHYDOXDUHDQHSURIHVLRQDODUELWUDUúL
ODSXQHUHDHOHYXOXLvQVLWXDLDGHDILQHGUHSWLW

4.1. Rezolvarea de probleme

5H]ROYDUHD GH SUREOHPH VDX GH VLWXDLL SUREOHPDWLFH ± LQGLYLGXDO VDX vQ JUXS ±
FRQVWLWXLH R PRGDOLWDWH SULQ FDUH SURIHVRUXO SRDWH FUHD VLWXDLL GH vQYDUH FH GH]YROW
FUHDWLYLWDWHD JkQGLUHD GLYHUJHQW LPDJLQDLD FDSDFLWDWHD GH WUDQVIHU GH JHQHUDOL]DUH
VDXúLGHFRQFUHWL]DUHDLQIRUPDLLORUúLSURFHGXULORU

&DSDFLWDWHD GH D UH]ROYD SUREOHPH QX HVWH vQQVFXW HD VH GH]YROW SURJUHVLY SULQ
vQYDUHH[HUVDUH ILLQG VLWXDW OD QLYHOXO VXSHULRU DO FDSDFLWLORU FRJQLWLYH úL
presupunând chiar anumite caracteristici generale de personalitate pe care elevul le
GREkQGHúWHVDXDUWUHEXLVOHGREkQGHDVFvQSURFHVXOHGXFULLIRUPULLVDOH
'HDFHHDXWLOL]DUHDUH]ROYULLGHSUREOHPHFDPHWRGGHHYDOXDUHWUHEXLHVLQFRQW
GHH[SHULHQDGHOXFUXDHOHYLORUFXDFHDVWPHWRGFRPSOH[LWDWHDSUREOHPHORUWUHEXLH
V FUHDVF SURJUHVLY SH PVXU FH HOHYLL DFXPXOHD] úL LQWHUQDOL]HD] H[SHULHQD
VSHFLILF

Comportamentele evaluate prin rezolvarea de probleme sunt (Stoica, A. (coord.), 1996):

- vQHOHJHUHDSUREOHPHL
- FXWDUHDúLLGHQWLILFDUHDLQIRUPDLLORUQHFHVDUHUH]ROYULLSUREOHPHL
- IRUPXODUHDúLWHVWDUHDLSRWH]HORU
- VHOHFWDUHDúLGHVFULHUHDPHWRGHLPHWRGHORUGHUH]ROYDUH
- aplicarea metodei/metodelor în contextul concret
- HODERUDUHDXQXLVFXUWUDSRUWDVXSUDUH]XOWDWHORURELQXWH
- interpretarea rezultatelor
- JHQHUDOL]DUHDúLVDXWUDQVIHUXOSURFHGXULORUúLWHKQLFLORUGHUH]ROYDUH

50
Pentru proiectarea FRUHFW D LWHPLORU WLS UH]ROYDUH GH SUREOHPH HVWH QHFHVDU
UHVSHFWDUHDXQRUFHULQHJHQHUDOHúLVSHFLILFH
a. FHULQHJHQHUDOH
- SUREOHPDVDXVLWXDLDSUREOHPWUHEXLHVILHDGHFYDWQLYHOXOXLGHYkUVWúL
GHSUHJWLUHDHOHYLORU
- FRUHODUHD FRQLQXWXOXL SUREOHPHL úL PRGDOLWLORU GH UH]ROYDUH FX RUJDQL]DUHD
DFWLYLWLLGLGDFWLFH±UH]ROYDUHLQGLYLGXDOVDXvQJUXS
- SUREOHPD úL DFWLYLWDWHD GH UH]ROYDUH V ILH vQ FRQFRUGDQ FX FRQLQXWXULOH
GLVFLSOLQHLúLFXRELHFWLYHOHFXUULFXODUH
- HYDOXDUHDDFWLYLWLLúLDUH]XOWDWHORUVILHUHOHYDQWSHQWUXHOHYúLVSURGXF
LQIRUPDLL XWLOH SHQWUX HYDOXDWRU DFHDVWD SUHVXSXQH DVRFLHUHD LWHPXOXL FX R
VFKHPFODUGHQRWDUHFDUHVFRQLQFULWHULLH[SOLFLWHGHGXVHGLQRELHFWLYH
- XWLOL]DUHDvQFDGUXODFWLYLWLLDXQRUPDWHULDOHVXSRUWFDUHVVSULMLQHSURFHVXO
GHVROXLRQDUHDSUREOHPHL
b. FHULQHVSHFLILFH
- RELQHUHDUH]XOWDWHORUSULQSURFHGXULYDOLGHúLYHULILFDELOH
- posibilitatea de a se utiliza metode alternative de rezolvare
- SUH]HQWDUHDvQUDSRUWXOILQDODLSRWH]HLGHOXFUXUDLRQDPHQWHORUPRGXOXLGH
RSHUDUHúLDLQVWUXPHQWHORUFDUHDXIRVWXWLOL]DWH

AvantajeleXWLOL]ULLDFHVWXLWLSGHLWHPLSRWILVLQWHWL]DWHDVWIHO
- vQFXUDMHD]JkQGLUHDSURGXFWLYFUHDWLYHXULVWLF
- DQWUHQHD]DELOLWLOHGHFRPXQLFDUHFRRSHUDUHOXFUXvQHFKLS
- DQWUHQHD]LQGHSHQGHQDGHJkQGLUHVSLULWXOFULWLFUHIOH[LY
- vQFXUDMHD] GH]YROWDUHD FDSDFLWLL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH DXWRUHIOH[LYLWDWHD
FDSDFLWDWHDGHDRSWDúLGHDJkQGLvQWHUPHQLGHRSWLP
- RIHUSRVLELOLWDWHDDQDOL]HLHURULLúLDUROXOXLHLvQFXQRDúWHUH
- SHUPLWHYDOXDUHDFDSDFLWLLGHUDLRQDUHIOH[LELOúLRSHUDQW

Dezavantaje:
- H[LVW R DQXPLW VXELHFWLYLWDWH vQ HYDOXDUH vQ VSHFLDO vQ FD]XO SUREOHPHORU
FDUHVROLFLWUH]ROYDUHDvQWHUPHQLGHRSWLPVDXGH]LUDELO
- QHFHVLWXQHRULWLPSvQGHOXQJDWSHQWUXSURLHFWDUHúLQRWDUH
- QHFHVLWXQHRULWLPSvQGHOXQJDWSHQWUXDGPLQLVWUDUHúLUH]ROYDUH
- GDFDFWLYLWDWHDDIRVWRUJDQL]DWvQIRUPDOXFUXOXLvQHFKLSVKHPDGHQRWDUH
WUHEXLH LQGLYLGXDOL]DW DGHFYDW UROXOXL úL VDUFLQLORU FRQFUHWH SH FDUH ILHFDUH
membru al echipei le-a avut.

&RUHFWDUHDúLDSUHFLHUHDUH]XOWDWHORUWUHEXLHVYL]H]HDWkWSURFHVXOGHUH]ROYDUHFkWúL
UH]XOWDWXOSURSULX]LV3URIHVRUXOYDLQHVHDPDGH
- PRGXO vQ FDUH D IRVW DERUGDW SUREOHPD VWUDWHJLD XWLOL]DW vQ VSHFLDO vQ
VLWXDLDOXFUXOXLvQHFKLS
- XWLOL]DUHDFRUHFWDGHFYDWDPHWRGHLXWLOL]DUHDPDLPXOWRUPHWRGH
- PVXUDvQFDUHDIRVWRELQXWUH]XOWDWXOFRUHFWúLDIRVWYHULILFDW
- interpretarea rezultatului
- H[WLQGHUHDJHQHUDOL]DUHDSUREOHPHLSURFHGXULLGHUH]ROYDUHVROXLHL

51
Exemple:

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWTipuri de argumentare
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VXWLOL]H]HFRUHFWILJXULOHúLPRGXULOHVLORJLVWLFH
- VGLVWLQJvQWUHVLORJLVPHYDOLGHúLVLORJLVPHQHYDOLGH
- VRSWH]HSHQWUXRDQXPLWPHWRGGHSUREDUHDYDOLGLWLLVLORJLVPXOXL
- VDSOLFHPHWRGDúLVGHFLGDDVXSUDUH]XOWDWXOXLDSOLFULLHL
- VVHVL]H]HHURULvQFRQVWUXLUHDVLORJLVPHORU
(QXQ 
♦ &RQVWUXLL PRGXULOH FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH VLORJLVPHORU FDUH VXQW YDOLGH VXE ILHFDUH GLQ
XUPWRDUHOHFRQGLLL

a. 3UHPLVDPDMRUHVWHDILUPDWLY
b. 3UHPLVDPDMRUHVWHSDUWLFXODUQHJDWLY
c. 3UHPLVDPLQRUHVWHSDUWLFXODUQHJDWLY
d. &RQLQHQXPDLGRLWHUPHQLGLVWULEXLLILHFDUHGHGRXRUL

$FWLYLWDWHDVHGHVIúRDUvQPRGLQGLYLGXDO

Schema de evaluare:
- H[SOLFDUHDLPSRVLELOLWLLDQXPLWRUFRPELQDLLvQFRQGLLLOHILHFUHLFHULQH
- LGHQWLILFDUHDúLFRQVWUXLUHDFRUHFWDILJXULLúLPRGXOXLVLORJLVWLFFRUHVSXQ]WRU
ILHFUHLFHULQH
- DSOLFDUHDFRUHFWDPHWRGHLGHSUREDUHDYDOLGLWLLDOHVH
- GHPRQVWUDUHDYDOLGLWLLQHYDOLGLWLL
- formularea argumentelor pentru care un anumit mod este nevalid.

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW 3URFHVHOH SVLKLFH úL UROXO ORU vQ HYROXLD SHUVRQDOLWLL ±
0RWLYDLD
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VLQWHUSUHWH]HGDWHIDFWXDOHGLQSHUVSHFWLYDFXQRúWLQHORUWHRUHWLFHGREkQGLWH
- VGLVWLQJvQWUHGLIHULWHOHIRUPHDOHPRWLYDLHLúLPDQLIHVWULOHORU
- VIRUPXOH]H GRX VROXLL SRVLELOH OD SUREOHPD DEVHQHL LQWHUHVXOXLPRWLYDLHL
SHQWUXvQYDUH
(QXQ 
♦ $FWLYLWDWHDVHGHVIúRDUDvQWUHLHWDSH
- vQ SULPD HWDS HOHYLL UVSXQG LQGLYLGXDO vQ VFULV OD XUPWRDUHOH GRX
vQWUHEUL

52
 -
&kQGvQYODSVLKRORJLHGHFHvQY"
&kQGQXvQYODSVLKRORJLHGHFHQXvQY"
- vQ D GRXD HWDS SURIHVRUXO IRUPHD] JUXSH GH FkWH  HOHYL ILHFDUH JUXS
DYkQGXUPWRDUHOHVDUFLQL

a. JUXSDLUVSXQVXULOHODFHOHGRXvQWUHEULFRQIRUPIRUPHLGHPRWLYDLHvQ
FDUHVHvQFDGUHD]ILHFDUH
b. LGHQWLILFDLIRUPDGHPRWLYDLHGRPLQDQW
c. IRUPXODL GRX VROXLL SRVLELOH SHQWUX DVLJXUDUHD VXSRUWXOXL PRWLYDLRQDO
DGHFYDWúLFUHúWHUHDSHUIRUPDQHLvQvQYDUH
- vQ FHD GHD WUHLD HWDS ILHFDUH JUXS vúL YD GHVHPQD XQ UDSRUWRU FDUH YD
SUH]HQWD PRGXO vQ FDUH VD UHDOL]DW DFWLYLWDWHD GH UH]ROYDUH D VDUFLQLL úL
VROXLLOHSURSXVH

$FWLYLWDWHD VH LQFKHLH FX R GLVFXLH IURQWDO DVXSUD VROXLLORU SURSXVH úL

SRVLELOLWLORUGHDSOLFDUHDORU

Schema de evaluareYDLQHFRQWGH
- FRUHFWLWXGLQHD JUXSULL UVSXQVXULORU FRQIRUP IRUPHL GH PRWLYDLH vQ FDUH VH
vQFDGUHD]ILHFDUH
- FRUHFWLWXGLQHDLGHQWLILFULLGRPLQDQWHLPRWLYDLRQDOH
- FDUDFWHUXODGHFYDWúLIH]DELODOVROXLLORUSURSXVH
3URIHVRUXO YD DSUHFLD FDOLWDWHD FRPXQLFULL úL FRQOXFUULL vQ FDGUXO JUXSXOXL SUHFXP úL
capacitatea raportorului de a reflecta adecvat evenimentele petrecute în timpul
UH]ROYULLVDUFLQLLvQJUXS

Disciplina: Economie
&ODVDD;DúLD;,D
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW3URGXFWRUXOvQWUHSULQ]DWRUXO±FRVWXULSURGXFWLYLWDWHSURILW
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VXWLOL]H]HFRUHFWFRQFHSWHLQGLFDWRULúLIRUPXOHGHFDOFXO
- VHVL]H]H FRUHODLLOH GLQWUH LQWHUSUHWDUHD PDWHPDWLF úL LQWHUSUHWDUHD
HFRQRPLFDXQXLIHQRPHQ
- VLGHQWLILFHFDX]HDOHXQXLIHQRPHQHFRQRPLF
- VIRUPXOH]HSUHGLFLLSULYLQGHYROXLDXQXLIHQRPHQvQFRQGLLLGDWH
(QXQ 
♦ ÌQDQXORILUPGHFRQIHFLLúLDUHDOL]DWDFWLYLWDWHDvQXUPWRDUHOHFRQGLLL
- cifra de afaceri = 120 mil. u.m.
- costurile materiale = 50 mil. u.m., din care 10% costuri fixe
- costurile salariale = 50 mil. u.m., din care 5% costuri fixe
- YROXPXOIL]LFDOSURGXFLHL WEXQRDUHFDUH;
- QXPUGHOXFUWRULDQJDMDLvQVHFLLOHGLUHFWSURGXFWLYH 
ÌQDQXOQXPUXOOXFUWRULORUGLQVHFLLOHGHIDEULFDLHVHUHGXFHFXSURGXFLD
IL]LF FUHúWH FX  DQWUHQkQG FUHúWHUHD FRUHVSXQ]WRDUH D FKHOWXLHOLORU PDWHULDOH

53
GLUHFWH ÌQWUXFkW UDWD LQIODLHL vQ LQWHUYDOXO UHVSHFWLY D IRVW QHJOLMDELO ILUPD QX PRGLILF
QLFLSUHXOXQLWDUQLFLVDODULXOLQGLYLGXDO

&HULQH
a. &DOFXODL
UDWDUHQWDELOLWLLUHDOL]DWvQúL
QLYHOXOSURGXFWLYLWLLPXQFLLvQúL
b. &RPSDUDL GLQDPLFD UDWHL UHQWDELOLWLL FX GLQDPLFD SURGXFWLYLWLL PXQFLL úL IRUPXODL
FRQFOX]LLOHODFDUHFRQGXFHFRPSDUDLD
c. 'HWHUPLQDLHYROXLDSRQGHULLFRVWXULORUPDWHULDOHFRVWXULORUVDODULDOHFRVWXULORUIL[HúL
costurilor variabile în totalul costului.
d. ,GHQWLILFDL HOHPHQWXO FX SRQGHUHD FHD PDL PDUH úL IRUPXODL GRX VROXLL SRVLELOH
pentru reducerea lui.
e. &H HYROXLH HVWH GH SUHVXSXV F YRU DYHD FRVWXULOH PDWHULDOH vQ VLWXDLD FUHúWHULL
GLILFXOWLORUGHDFFHVODUHVXUVH"

$FWLYLWDWHDVHSRDWHGHVIúXUDLQGLYLGXDOVDXvQJUXS

Schema de evaluare:
- FDOFXODUHDFRUHFWDUDWHLUHQWDELOLWLLvQILHFDUHGLQFHLGRLDQL
- FDOFXODUHDFRUHFWDQLYHOXOXLSURGXFWLYLWLLvQILHFDUHGLQFHLGRLDQL
- FRPSDUDUHDGLQDPLFLLFHORUGRLLQGLFDWRULFRQGXFHODFRQFOX]LDOHJWXULLGLUHFWH
GLQWUHUHQWDELOLWDWHúLSURGXFWLYLWDWH
- GHWHUPLQDUHDFRUHFWDSRQGHULLILHFUXLHOHPHQWDOFRVWXOXLúLDHYROXLHLOXL
- LGHQWLILFDUHD HOHPHQWXOXL FX FHD PD PDUH SRQGHUH VROXLLOH SURSXVH WUHEXLH
V VH UHIHUH OD VFKLPEUL GH QDWXUD FDOLWDWLY vQ RUJDQL]DUHD úL GHVIúXUDUHD
DFWLYLWLLQXYRUILDFFHSWDWHVROXLLFDUHGHPRQVWUHD]FHOHYXOQXJkQGHúWH
HFRQRPLFFLDSOLFDOJRULWPLPDWHPDWLFLFKLDUGDFDFHVWHDVXQWFRUHFWH
- UVSXQVXO FRUHFWWUHEXLH V HYLGHQLH]H OHJWXUD GLQWUH GLIHULWHOH FDWHJRULL GH
UHVXUVHúLHOHPHQWHOHLQFOXVHvQFRVWXULOHPDWHULDOH

4.2. ITEMI DE TIP ESEU

ÌQ FDGUXO GLVFLSOLQHORU VRFLRXPDQH HYDOXDUHD FDSDFLWLORU FRJQLWLYH VXSHULRDUH FX

FRPSOH[LWDWH ULGLFDW VH UHDOL]HD] vQ PRG SUHSRQGHUHQW FX DMXWRUXO itemilor de tip
non-obiectiv; eseurile±FRPSXQHULOHGHPRQVWUDLLOH³FXWH]´GHVFULHULOH±UHSUH]LQW
XQ LQVWUXPHQW DGHFYDW úL IUHFYHQW XWLOL]DW GHRDUHFH UVSXQGH vQWUR PDUH PVXU
SDUWLFXODULWLORUGLVFLSOLQHORUVRFLRXPDQHúLFRPSHWHQHORUJHQHUDOHúLVSHFLILFHSHFDUH
DFHVWHDvúLSURSXQVOHIRUPH]HODHOHYL

Itemul de tip eseu SXQHHOHYXOvQVLWXDLDGHDFRQVWUXLXQUVSXQVOLEHUvQFRQIRUPLWDWH

FX XQ VHW GDW GH FHULQH FX FkW FHULQHOH VXQW PDL SUHFLV IRUPXODWH úL PDL H[SOLFLW
LOXVWUDWH vQ VFKHPD GH QRWDUH FX DWkW FUHúWH ILGHOLWDWHD HYDOXULL úL QRWULL JUDGXO GH
RELHFWLYLWDWHvQUDSRUWFXPDLPXOLHYDOXDWRULúLVDXFXPDLPXOWHHYDOXULVXFFHVLYH

54
3ULQWUHRELHFWLYHOHGHHYDOXDUHFURUDOLVHSRDWHDVRFLDFDLQVWUXPHQWDGHFYDWHVHXOVH
QXPU
- DELOLWDWHD HOHYXOXL GH D DFWXDOL]D RUJDQL]DUHRUJDQL]D úL VWUXFWXUD vQ PRG
RULJLQDOLQIRUPDLLLGHL
- DELOLWDWHDGHDXWLOL]DvQPRGDGHFYDWOLPEDMXOúLGHDSUREDXQVWLOSHUVRQDO
- DELOLWDWHD GH D LQWHUSUHWD LQIRUPDLL úL GH D H[SULPD XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH
personal.

(VHXO SHUPLWH GHFL HYDOXDUHD DERUGULL JOREDOH D XQHL VDUFLQL GH OXFUX vQ FDUH
FXQRúWLQHOH JUDGXO GH vQHOHJHUH úL FDSDFLWDWHD GH DSOLFDUH D FXQRúWLQHORU LQFOXVLY
PVXUDúLPRGXOvQFDUHvQYDUHDFXQRDúWHUHDDXIRVWSHUVRQDOL]DWHFRQWULEXLQGDVWIHO
OD IRUPDUHD UHDO D SHUVRQDOLWLL HOHYXOXL VH vQWUHSWUXQG úL VH PDQLIHVW vQ PRG
integrat.

7LSXULOHGHHVHXULVHGHOLPLWHD]GXSGRXFULWHULL
1. GXSGLPHQVLXQLOHUVSXQVXOXLDúWHSWDW
a. HVHX FX UVSXQV UHVWUkQV PLQLHVHXO ± vQ FDUH SULQWUH FHULQHOH HQXQXOXL
HVWH SUHFL]DW úL GLPHQVLXQHD PD[LP DGPLV D UVSXQVXOXL DúWHSWDW QXPU
PD[LPGHFXYLQWHQXPUPD[LPGHSDUDJUDIHQXPUPD[LPGHUkQGXUL
b. HVHX FX UVSXQV H[WLQV ± OD FDUH VLQJXUD OLPLW FH RSHUHD] HVWH DFHHD D
timpului de lucru maxim admis.
2. GXSWLSXOUVSXQVXOXLDúWHSWDW
a. eseu structurat sau semistructurat – vQFDUHSULQ FHULQH H[SOLFLWH LQGLFLL VDX
VXJHVWLLUVSXQVXOHOHYXOXLHVWHRUJDQL]DWVWUXFWXUDWRULHQWDWRUGRQDW
b. eseu liber – vQ FDUH RULJLQDOLWDWHD úL FUHDWLYLWDWHD HOHYXOXL VH SRW PDQLIHVWD
maximal.

ProiectareaLWHPLORUGHWLSHVHXSUHVXSXQHDSOLFDUHDXQHLVWUDWHJLL D FUHL UHVSHFWDUH

PDMRUHD]HILFLHQDHYDOXULLúLFDUDFWHUXOHLIRUPDWLYDVWIHO
- se recurge la evaluarea prin acest tip de item numai atunci când obiectivul de
evaluare avut în vedere nu este compatibil cu nici un alt tip de item;
- RELHFWLYXO GH HYDOXDUH SURSXV WUHEXLH V IDF SDUWH GLQ FDWHJRULD FHORU GH
PD[LP FRPSOH[LWDWH ± V YL]H]H FDSDFLWL GH WUDQVIHU úL GH H[SULPDUH vQ
termeni personali;
- VDUFLQDGHOXFUXWUHEXLHIRUPXODWvQPRGFODUULJXURVúLVXFFLQWvQWHUPHQLGH
SHUIRUPDQDúWHSWDW
- HQXQXO LWHPXOXL WUHEXLH vQVRLW GH FRQILJXUDUHD UVSXQVXOXL DúWHSWDW ±
elementele sau conceptele-cheie, caracteristici particulare dorite ale
UVSXQVXOXL DOWHUQDWLYH SRVLELOHDGPLVH DFHDVW FRQILJXUDUH DQXQ
“rezolvarea”, respectiv schema de notare cu care se va opera);
- VFKHPDGHQRWDUHVHSRDWHFRQVWUXLILHDFRUGkQGXQQXPUGHSXQFWHILHFUHL
FHULQH ILH JOREDO KROLVWLF ILH DVRFLLQG XQ QXPU GH SXQFWH ILHFUXL QLYHO GH
UVSXQV

ÌQ RULFDUH GLQ YDULDQWHOH VDOH LWHPXO GH WLS HVHX SUH]LQW avantajul de a se adecva
HYDOXULLODGLVFLSOLQHOHVRFLRXPDQHvQWUXFkWSHUPLWH

55
 - RELQHUHDGHFWUHSURIHVRUDXQHLLPDJLQLJOREDOHVLQWHWLFHDFDSDFLWLORUGH
WUDQVIHUúLFRQVWUXFLHSHUVRQDODHOHYXOXL
- HYDOXDUHD FUHDWLYLWLL RULJLQDOLWLL JkQGLULL FULWLFH IOH[LELOLWLL IRUHL
DUJXPHQWDWLYHúLFRHUHQHLGHJkQGLUHDHOHYXOXL
- LQGLYLGXDOL]DUHD HYDOXULL DGHFYDUHD HL OD PRGXO LQGLYLGXDO SHUVRQDO vQ FDUH
HOHYXOVHUDSRUWHD]ODVDUFLQFRQLQXW

ÌQ DFHODúL WLPS vQV QX WUHEXLH RPLVH dezavantajele úL ULVFXULOH SH FDUH OH SUH]LQW
evaluarea prin eseu:
- GLILFXOWDWHD FRQVWUXLULL XQHL VFKHPH GH QRWDUH FDUH V DVLJXUH
ILGHOLWDWHDRELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULL ± vQ DEVHQD FUHLD HYDOXDUHD UPkQH
LUHOHYDQW±GDUFDUH V QX FRQVWUkQJ HOHYXO VQX vO SXQ vQ VLWXDLDGHD
RELQH SXQFWDMXO PD[LP QXPDL DWXQFL FkQG UVSXQVXO OXL VH SOLD] SH FHO
SUHIDEULFDWGHHYDOXDWRUFHHDFHDQXOHD]vQVúLLGHHDGHHVHX
- GHúL VH HODERUHD] UHODWLY XúRU HYDOXDUHD úL QRWDUHD FHU PXOW WLPS PXOW
DWHQLH H[SHULHQ RELHFWLYLWDWH úL SURIHVLRQDOLVP vQ DFWLYLWDWHD GLGDFWLF
FXUHQW FRPXQLFDUHD QRWHL RELQXWH GH HOHY WUHEXLH vQVRLW GH R VFXUW ILú
GH REVHUYDLL DVXSUD HVHXOXL vQ DúD IHO vQFkW HOHYXO V vúL FRUHFWH]H
HYHQWXDOHOHLQDELOLWLVDXVUHIDFSULOHPDLSXLQUHDOL]DWHDOHHVHXOXL
- VFKHPDGHQRWDUHWUHEXLHvQPRGREOLJDWRULXPRGHUDWSULQSUHWHVWUL

Exemple:

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXW&RPSRUWDPHQWHSURúLDQWLVRFLDOH
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VGHVFULHvQWHUPHQLSVLKRORJLFLXQFRPSRUWDPHQWVRFLDO
- V HYDOXH]H XQ FRPSRUWDPHQW VRFLDO SULQ UDSRUWDUH OD PRGHOH VRFLDOH
dezirabile
- VLQYHVWLJKH]HFDX]HSVLKLFHSRVLELOHDOHXQXLFRPSRUWDPHQWVRFLDO
- V UHODLRQH]H DERUGDUHD SVLKRORJLF FX DOWH WLSXUL GH DERUGDUH D
comportamentului social.

2EVHUYDLHHOHYLLYRUSULPLFDVDUFLQGHOXFUXHODERUDUHDHVHXOXLGXSFHDQWHULRUDX
YL]LRQDWvPSUHXQXQHSLVRGGLQVHULDOXOµ$OúDSWHOHDFHU´

(QXQ 
♦ $OHJHL XQXO GLQWUH SHUVRQDMHOH ILOPXOXL ³$O úDSWHOHD FHU´ (ODERUDL XQ PLQLHVHX vQ
FDUH V UHOHYDL UROXO FRPXQLFULL LQWHUXPDQH vQ UHJODUHD FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXL VRFLDO DO
personajului.

Schema de notareYDXUPUL
- XWLOL]DUHDFRUHFWDOLPEDMXOXLVSHFLILF
- caracterizarea profilului de personalitate al personajului
- HYLGHQLHUHDúLLQWHUSUHWDUHDSVLKRORJLFDVLWXDLLORUFRQVLGHUDWHUHOHYDQWH

56
 - VXUSULQGHUHDLQIOXHQHLSHFDUHFRPXQLFDUHDvQWUHSHUVRQDMHRH[HUFLWDVXSUD
PRGHOULLDGHFYULLODVLWXDLHDFRPSRUWDPHQWHORU

Disciplina: Economie
&ODVDD;DúLD;,D
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWGlobalizarea
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
VGHVFULHvQWHUPHQLHFRQRPLFLSURFHVXOGHJOREDOL]DUH
- V HYDOXH]H FRQVHFLQHOH SURFHVXOXL GH JOREDOL]DUH DVXSUD IRUPULL
SURIHVLRQDOHDWLQHUHLJHQHUDLLúLDVXSUDSURJUHVXOXLvQFDULHU
- V LQYHVWLJKH]H FDX]H SRVLELOH úL IRUPH GH PDQLIHVWDUH DOH GLILFXOWLORU GH
adaptare la un mediu economic global
- V DSOLFH FXQRúWLQHOH HFRQRPLFH JHQHUDOH OD FDUDFWHUL]DUHD VLWXDLHL
HFRQRPLHLURPkQHúWL
- V IRUPXOH]H XQ SXQFW GH YHGHUH SHUVRQDO vQ OHJWXU FX SUREOHPD SXV vQ
GLVFXLH

2EVHUYDLHHOHYLLYRUSULPLFDVDUFLQHODERUDUHDHVHXOXLGXSFHDQWHULRUDXUHDOL]DW
GRXGRVDUHGHSUHVDYkQGFDWHPH³)XJDFUHLHUHORU´úL³,QWHUQHWXOúLJOREDOL]DUHD´

(QXQ 
♦ (ODERUDLXQHVHXDYkQGXUPWRUXOWLWOX³ÌQOXPHDJOREDODPLOHQLXOXL,,,YDH[LVWDXQ
ORFúLSHQWUXPLQHQXPDLGDFYRLúWLVPLOJVHVF´
Plan de idei pentru elaborarea eseului:
- caracterizarea procesului de globalizare
- FRQVHFLQHOHJOREDOL]ULLDVXSUDIRUPULLúLHYROXLHLSURIHVLRQDOH
- GLILFXOWL GH DGDSWDUH OD PHGLXO HFRQRPLF JOREDO FDX]H úL IRUPH GH
manifestare
- FDUDFWHUL]DUHDHFRQRPLHLURPkQHúWLGLQSHUVSHFWLYDSURFHVXOXLGHJOREDOL]DUH
- IRUPXODUHDXQXLSXQFWGHYHGHUHSHUVRQDOOHJDWGHSUREOHPDSXVvQGLVFXLH
3HQWUXHODERUDUHDHVHXOXLDYHLODGLVSR]LLHRVSWPkQvQFDUHSXWHLFRQVXOWDRULFH
VXUVHGHLQIRUPDUHSHFDUHOHFRQVLGHUDLSRWULYLWHVXUVHOHúLLQIRUPDLLOHSRWILLQYRFDWH
în eseu.

Schema de notareYDXUPULRELHFWLYHOHGHHYDOXDUHúLLQGLFDLLOHGLQSODQXOGHLGHL

Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWMorala
Obiectivul: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VLGHQWLILFHSUREOHPDILORVRILFSXVvQGLVFXLH
- VFRUHOH]HVHPQLILFDWLYSXQFWHGHYHGHUHH[SULPDWHvQLVWRULDILORVRILHL
- VYDORULILFHvQWHUPHQLSHUVRQDOLFXQRúWLQHOH
- VFRQVWUXLDVFXQGLVFXUVFRHUHQWDUJXPHQWDWúLFRQYLQJWRU
- VXWLOL]H]HDGHFYDWOLPEDMXOILORVRILF

57
(QXQ 
♦ (ODERUDLXQHVHXOLEHUSRUQLQGGHODSXQFWXOGHYHGHUHH[SULPDWvQXUPWRUXOFLWDW
“'HIDSWDYHPGRXIHOXULGHPRUDOLWDWHXQDSHFDUHRSUHGLFPGDUQXRSUDFWLFP
úLFHDODOWSHFDUHRSUDFWLFPGDUUDUHRULRSUHGLFP´ (Bertrand Russell).

Schema de notareYDXUPULRELHFWLYHOHGHHYDOXDUHSURSXVH

58
 CAPITOLUL 5
METODE COMPLEMENTARE DE EVALUARE
2%6(59$5($6,67(0$7,&$$&7,9,7,,ù,&203257$0(178/8,
ELEVULUI
5.2. PROIECTUL
5.3. PORTOFOLIUL
5.4. AUTOEVALUAREA

Metodele complementare de evaluare constituie o categorie de metode de evaluare

FX URO IRUPDWLY SURQXQDW úL FX R PDUH FDSDFLWDWH GH PRWLYDUH D DQJDMULL HOHYLORU vQ
DFWLYLWLOH GH vQYDUH 8WLOL]DUHD ORU vQ HYDOXDUHD FXUHQW OD GLVFLSOLQHOH VRFLRXPDQH
permite:
- HYDOXDUHDSURGXVXOXLúLDSURFHVXOXLFDUHDFRQGXVODRELQHUHDOXL
- HYDOXDUHDKROLVWLFDSURJUHVXOXLHOHYXOXL
- FRQVROLGDUHDGHSULQGHULORUúLDELOLWLORUGHFRPXQLFDUHVRFLDOúLFRRSHUDUH
- FRQVROLGDUHDDELOLWLORUGHDXWRHYDOXDUH
- HYDOXDUHDJUDGXOXLGHDWLQJHUHDXQRURELHFWLYHFHYL]HD]DSWLWXGLQLDWLWXGLQL
úLFRPSRUWDPHQWHFHQXSRWILHYDOXDWHSULQPHWRGHOHWUDGLLRQDOH
- compensarea excesului de cognitivism ce se poate manifesta în evaluarea
WUDGLLRQDO
0HWRGHOHFRPSOHPHQWDUHGHHYDOXDUHYL]HD]vQPRGSULRULWDU*URQOXQGS

Aptitudini / Atitudini &RPSRUWDPHQWHSULQFDUHVHH[SULP

9RUELUHD WFHUHD DVFXOWDUHD FRPXQLFDUHD QRQ
Aptitudini de comunicare
YHUEDO
(ILFLHQD SODQLILFULL FRQVHFYHQD vQ SHUIRUPDUHD
$WLWXGLQLIDGHDFWLYLWDWH VDUFLQLORUHúDORQDWHvQWLPSXWLOL]DUHDWLPSXOXLúLDDOWRU
úLVDUFLQLOHFXUHQWH UHVXUVHVSLULWXOGHLQLLDWLYFUHDWLYLWDWHDvQFUHGHUHDvQ
VLQHGRULQDGHDXWRSHUIHFLRQDUH
3UHRFXSDUHDSHQWUXEXQVWDUHDFHORUODOLUHVSHFWXOIDD
GH QRUPH úL ID GH EXQXUL UHFHSWLYLWDWHD ID GH
SUREOHPHOHFRPXQLWLLGRULQDGHDFRRSHUDGHDRIHUL
Atitudini sociale
DMXWRUXO SUHRFXSDUHD SHQWUX FDOLWDWHD UHODLLORU
LQWHUXPDQH úL UHVSHFWDUHD LQWHUHVHORU OHJLWLPH DOH
FHORUODOL
5HFHSWLYLWDWHD ID GH QRX VSLULWXO FULWLF úL LQWHURJDWLY
Atitudini intelectuale SUHRFXSDUHDSHQWUXvQWHPHLHUHDUDLRQDODGHFL]LLORUúL
comportamentelor, curiozitatea.
*HVWLRQDUHD VHQWLPHQWHORU úL VWULORU DIHFWLYH
$SWLWXGLQLHPRLRQDOH H[SULPDUHD VHQWLPHQWHORU úL DSUHFLHULORU PDQLIHVWDUHD
VDWLVIDFLHLIDGHDFWLYLWDWHWRQXVXODIHFWLY
Aptitudini de adaptare / 5HDFLD OD DXWRULWDWH SUHOXDUHD GH UHVSRQVDELOLWL
modulare a LQWHJUDUHD vQ JUXSXO GH OXFUX JHVWLRQDUHD VWULORU GH
comportamentului conflict, adaptarea la schimbare.

59
(YDOXDUHD DFHVWRUDSWLWXGLQL DWLWXGLQL úL FRPSRUWDPHQWH QX VH ILQDOL]HD] SULQ QRWDUHD
HOHYXOXL (D HVWH vQV QHFHVDU 3UH]HQD FRPSRQHQWHL 9DORUL úL DWLWXGLQL în structura
QRLORUFXUULFXOHSHQWUXGLVFLSOLQHOHFODVHORU;;,,HVWHXQDUJXPHQW)LQDOLWDWHDHGXFDLHL
GDWHOHHVHQLDOHDOHSURILOXOXLGHIRUPDUHSHFDUHvúLSURSXQHVvOFRQILJXUH]HúFRDODúL
scopurile fundamentale ale disciplinelor socio-umane sunt alte argumente care
SOHGHD] SHQWUX LQWHJUDUHD LQVWUXPHQWHORU DOWHUQDWLYH GH HYDOXDUH vQ DFWLYLWDWHD
GLGDFWLF

5.1. 2%6(59$5($6,67(0$7,&$$&7,9,7,,ù,&203257$0(178/8,
ELEVULUI

În ILúD GH REVHUYDUH D DFWLYLW LL HOHYXOXL1 SURIHVRUXO vQUHJLVWUHD] LQIRUPDLL

VHPQLILFDWLYH OHJDWH GH SURJUHVXO úFRODU DO HOHYXOXL úL SDUWLFXODULWLOH VDOH GH
SHUVRQDOLWDWH 3H ED]D DFHVWRUD  SURIHVRUXO UHDOL]HD] LQGLYLGXDOL]DUHD FHULQHORU úL
DFWLYLWLORU GH vQYDUH vQ FDUH DQWUHQHD] HOHYXO (D FRQVWLWXLH XQ LQVWUXPHQW HILFLHQW
SHQWUXUHDOL]DUHDRULHQWULLúFRODUHúLSURIHVLRQDOHDHOHYXOXL
,QIRUPDLLOH VH SRW UHIHUL QXPDL OD DVSHFWH DOH SDUWLFLSULL HOHYXOXL OD GLVFLSOLQHOH VRFLR
XPDQHGHDOXQJXOFHORUDQLvQFDUHDFHVWHDVHVWXGLD]VDXSRWDYHDXQFDUDFWHU
mai larg.

Model orientativ GXS*URQOXQGS:

1. Date generale despre elev: QXPHOH úL SUHQXPHOH YkUVWD FOLPDWXO HGXFDWLY vQ
PHGLXOFUXLDvLDSDULQH
2. 3DUWLFXODULW L DOH SURFHVHORU LQWHOHFWXDOH JkQGLUH OLPEDM LPDJLQDLH PHPRULH
DWHQLHúLVSLULWGHREVHUYDLHDOWHFDUDFWHULVWLFL
$SWLWXGLQLúLLQWHUHVH
7UVWXULGHDIHFWLYLWDWH
7UVWXULGHWHPSHUDPHQW
6. Atitudini:
a. IDGHVLQH
b. IDGHGLVFLSOLQDREOLJDLLOHúFRODUH
c. IDGHFROHJL
(YROX LDDSWLWXGLQLORUDWLWXGLQLORULQWHUHVHORUúLQLYHOXOXLGHLQWHJUDUH
6XJHUP R OLVW GH DELOLWL LQWHOHFWXDOH úL VRFLDOH SH FDUH SURIHVRUXO GH úWLLQH VRFLR
XPDQH vúL SRDWH SURSXQH V OH IRUPH]H OD HOHYL D FURU FRQVROLGDUH R SRDWH XUPUL úL
vQUHJLVWUDvQ)LúDGHREVHUYDUHDHOHYXOXL

DELOLWLLQWHOHFWXDOH
- H[SULPDUHDRUDO
- cititul

1
)LúD GH observare a DFWLYLW LL elevului este instrumentul de evaluare proiectat pentru a pune în SUDFWLF metoda de

observare VLVWHPDWLF D DFWLYLW LL úL comportamentului elevului.

60
 - scrisul
- DELOLWL GH UDLRQDUH GHILQLUHD FRPSDUDUHD FODVLILFDUHD DQDOL]DUHD
VLQWHWL]DUHDDEVWUDFWL]DUHDJHQHUDOL]DUHDHVHQLDOL]DUHDFRQFUHWL]DUHD
- LGHQWLILFDUHD VXSR]LLLORU WDFLWH LPSOLFDWH vQWUR DSUHFLHUH VDX vQWUXQ
UDLRQDPHQW
- LGHQWLILFDUHD SUHMXGHFLORU VWHUHRWLSXULORU GLVFULPLQULL úL VLWXDLLORU GH
manipulare;

DELOLWLVRFLDOH
- UHFXQRDúWHUHDúLDFFHSWDUHDGLIHUHQHORU
- FXOWLYDUHDGHUHODLLSR]LWLYHFXFHLODOL
- UH]ROYDUHDQRQYLROHQWDFRQIOLFWHORU
- DVXPDUHDGHUHVSRQVDELOLWL
- SDUWLFLSDUHDODQHJRFLHUHDúLDGRSWDUHDVROXLLORU
- SDUWLFLSDUHDODPHQLQHUHDXQXLFOLPDWVWLPXODWLYúLSOFXW
- DSXQHvQWUHEUL
- a cere ajutorul
- a demonstra empatie
- DDVFXOWDFXUEGDUH
- DOXFUDvQHFKLS
- a colabora
- a lua decizii
- a interpreta roluri
- a evalua.

ÌQ DFWLYLWDWHD FXUHQW SHQWUX HYDOXDUHD JOREDO D DSWLWXGLQLORU DWLWXGLQLORU úL

FRPSRUWDPHQWXOXLHOHYXOXL SHUIRUPDWH FX SULOHMXO XQHL VDUFLQL GH vQYDUH GH H[HPSOX
FXSULOHMXOUHDOL]ULLvQFODVDXQHLDFWLYLWLvQIRUPDvQYULLSULQFRRSHUDUHSURIHVRUXO
SRDWHXWLOL]DXUPWRDUHOHFULWHULLVLVWHPDWL]DWHvQWDEHOXOGHPDLMRVILHFDUHLWHPSRDWHIL
FRQFUHWL]DWvQIXQFLHGHFRQLQXWXODFWLYLWLL

Componenta Standard
Standard mediu Standard superior
HYDOXDW minim
ÌQHOHJHUHD Capacitatea de a genera
&XQRúWLQHúL
Organizarea FXQRúWLQHORUFDSDFLWDWH vQHOHVXULQRLFDSDFLWDWHD
nivelul de
FXQRúWLQHORU de sintetizare a GHDSOLFDUHDFXQRúWLQHORU
îQHOHJHUH
FXQRúWLQHORU în contexte noi
&RQWULEXLD 5HFHSWLYLWDWHDIDGH Capacitatea de a coordona
Progresul la realizarea FHLODOLPHPEULDL activitatea grupului;
individual DFWLYLWLL grupului; angajarea în FDSDFLWDWHDGDDLvQYDSH
grupului îndeplinirea rolului FHLODOL
Posibilitatea de utilizare
Calitatea $FXUDWHHD 5H]XOWDWHOHSRWILXWLOL]DWHúL
a rezultatelor în cadrul
rezultatelor rezultatelor GHFWUHDOWHSHUVRDQH
DOWRUDFWLYLWL

61
 Capacitatea Capacitatea de a orienta
$ELOLWLGH de a asculta; Capacitatea de a GLVFXLDVSUHFRQFOX]LL
FRPXQLFDUHúL capacitatea DUJXPHQWDSURúLFRQWUD pozitive, productive;
GHvPSUWúLUH GHDúL unei idei; capacitatea de Capacitatea de a orienta
DLGHLORUúL exprima cu a se concentra pe activitatea spre luarea
H[SHULHQHL claritate sarcina de lucru GHFL]LHLúLWUHFHUHDOD
ideile proprii aplicarea ei.

&RPSOHWDUHDDFHVWHLILúHVHUHDOL]HD]SHSDUFXUVXOPDLPXOWRURUHDFWLYLWL(DSHUPLWH
SURIHVRUXOXL V XUPDUHDVF HYROXLD ILHFUXL HOHY V DGHFYH]H UROXULOH SH FDUH L OH
DWULEXLH vQ JUXS V DSUHFLH]H QLYHOXO OD FDUH VH DIO OD XQ PRPHQW GDW HOHYXO úL
VFKLPEULOHFDUHVDXSURGXVvQFRPSRUWDPHQWXOVXSHUPLWHDWkWHYDOXDUHDSURFHVXOXL
FkWúLHYDOXDUHDSURGXVXOXLDFWLYLWLL

5.2. PROIECTUL

&D IRUP GH RUJDQL]DUH D DFWLYLWLL GH vQYDUH proiectul2 HVWH R PHWRG DFWLY
SDUWLFLSDWLY FDUH SUHVXSXQH úL vQFXUDMHD] WUDQVIHUXO GH FXQRúWLQH GHSULQGHUL úL
FDSDFLWL DERUGULOH LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDUH FRQVROLGDUHD DELOLWLORU VRFLDOH DOH HOHYLORU
0HWRGDSURLHFWXOXLHVWHGHRVHELWGHXWLODWXQFLFkQGSURIHVRUXOXUPUHúWHDFFHQWXDUHD
FDUDFWHUXOXL DSOLFDWLYSUDFWLF DO vQYULL úL DSURSLHUHD vQWUH GLVFXUVXO WHRUHWLF úL
H[SHULHQDGHYLDDHOHYLORU

5HDOL]DUHDXQXLSURLHFWSUHVXSXQHSDUFXUJHUHDDSDúLGXS)ULWKúL0DFLQWRVK
p. 108):
1. identificarea unei probleme/teme/subiect;
2. FXOHJHUHD RUJDQL]DUHD SUHOXFUDUHD úL HYDOXDUHD LQIRUPDLLORU OHJDWH GH
SUREOHPDWHPDDOHDV
3. HODERUDUHDXQXLVHWGHVROXLLSRVLELOHDOHSUREOHPHL
4. HYDOXDUHDVROXLLORUúLHIHFWXDUHDXQHLRSLXQLSULYLQG³FHDPDLEXQVROXLH´
ÌQIXQFLHGHWHPDDOHDVVDXSUREOHPDDERUGDWSRDWHH[LVWDúLXQDOOHDSDVFHOvQ
FDUH HOHYLL WUHF HIHFWLY OD DSOLFDUHD VROXLHL SHQWUX FDUH DX RSWDW FHHD FH SUHVXSXQH
HODERUDUHDXQXLSODQGHLPSOHPHQWDUHFXHWDSHUHVXUVHUHVSRQVDELOLWLPRGDOLWLGH
HYDOXDUHDUH]XOWDWHORURELQXWH

ÌQFHOHPDLPXOWHGLQWUHVLWXDLLXQSURLHFWHVWHUHDOL]DWGHFWUHXQJUXSGHHOHYLFHHD
FHQXH[FOXGHúLUHDOL]DUHDSURLHFWHORULQGLYLGXDOH

(YDOXDUHD SURFHVXOXL úL SURGXVXOXL DFWLYLWLL SUHVXSXQH GLQ SDUWHD SURIHVRUXOXL PXOW
DWHQLH úL DSOLFDLH 3URIHVRUXO WUHEXLH V DVLVWH HOHYXOJUXSXO GH HOHYL SH WRDW
GHVIúXUDUHD SURLHFWXOXL ± GH OD DOHJHUHD WHPHL VDX LGHQWLILFDUHD SUREOHPHL SkQ OD
SUH]HQWDUHDUH]XOWDWHORUILQDOHVXVLQHUHDORUvQIDDFODVHL

2
Proiectul, ca instrument de evaluare, FRQFUHWL]HD] demersul metodologic. De asemenea, proiectul HVWH úL metoda
de evaluare care presupune, ca dimensiune LPSRUWDQW realizarea vQY ULL

62
6XJHUP SURIHVRULORU DOFWXLUHD XQHL )LúH GH HYDOXDUH VLPLODU FHOHL SUH]HQWDWH
DQWHULRUvQFDUHVFRQVHPQH]HvQPRGUHJXODWREVHUYDLLúLDSUHFLHULDVXSUDDFWLYLWLL
ILHFUXLHOHYFKLDUvQVLWXDLDvQFDUHHOHYLLOXFUHD]vQJUXS
(VWH XWLO RUJDQL]DUHD GXS SDUFXUJHUHD ILHFUHL HWDSH vQ UHDOL]DUHD SURLHFWXOXL D XQHL
GLVFXLLGH]EDWHULvQFDUHHOHYLLVILHvQFXUDMDL)ULWKúL0DFLQWRVKS
- V UHIOHFWH]H DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL DVXSUD DFKL]LLLORU UHDOL]DWH ± vQ WHUPHQL GH
FXQRúWLQHDSWLWXGLQLDWLWXGLQLH[SHULHQHWUDQVIHUDELOH±
- VvúLDXWRHYDOXH]HDFWLYLWDWHDúLSURJUHVXO
- V GLVFXWH GLILFXOWLOH DVSHFWHOH FDUH vL QHPXOXPHVF VDX SH FDUH OH
FRQVLGHULQVXILFLHQWUHDOL]DWH
'HDVHPHQHDSHQWUXIL[DUHDFXQRúWLQHORUúLHYDOXDUHDORUSURIHVRUXOSRDWHUHFXUJH±
vQ VSHFLDO GXS SDUFXUJHUHD HWDSHL GH FXOHJHUH RUJDQL]DUH SUHOXFUDUH úL HYDOXDUH D
LQIRUPDLLORU ± OD XQ WHVW FULWHULDO DFHVWD YD FRQLQH XQ QXPU GH LWHPL RELHFWLYL úL
VHPLRELHFWLYL GDU úL XQ QXPU RDUHFDUH GH LWHPL VXELHFWLYL FDUH V GHD SRVLELOLWDWHD
HOHYLORUVUHIOHFWH]HVLVWHPDWL]DWDVXSUDSURFHVXOXLGHvQYDUHúLSURGXVHORURELQXWH

5.3. PORTOFOLIUL

Portofoliul UHSUH]LQW R PHWRG3 FRPSOHPHQWDU GH HYDOXDUH GDU úL XQ LQVWUXPHQW
FRPSOH[GHHYDOXDUHSULQFDUHSURIHVRUXOXUPUHúWHSURJUHVXOUHDOL]DWGHHOHY±vQSODQ
FRJQLWLY DWLWXGLQDO úL FRPSRUWDPHQWDO ± OD R DQXPLW GLVFLSOLQ GHD OXQJXO XQXL
VHPHVWUXVDXDQúFRODU

“Piesele” componente ale unui portofoliu sunt (Stoica, A. (coord.), 1996):

- UH]XOWDWHOHODSUREHOHVFULVHWHVWHWHPHSHQWUXDFDVúD
- UH]XOWDWHOH DFWLYLWLORU SUDFWLFH SURLHFWHORU LQYHVWLJDLLORU FHUFHWULORU
efectuate;
- UHIHUDWHHVHXULDUWLFROHSXEOLFDWHOXFUULSUH]HQWDWHODVHVLXQLGHFRPXQLFUL
sau la cercul de specialitate;
- UH]XOWDWHDOHDFWLYLWLLGHVWXGLXLQGLYLGXDO
- ILúDLQGLYLGXDOGHREVHUYDUHHYDOXDUHDHOHYXOXL
- ILúDGHDXWRHYDOXDUH
- chestionare de atitudini;
- DOWHUH]XOWDWHUHOHYDQWHDOHDFWLYLWLLHOHYXOXL

3RUWRIROLXO HVWH ³FDUWHD GH YL]LW´ D HOHYXOXL úL SHUPLWH IRUPDUHD XQHL LPDJLQL JOREDOH
H[KDXVWLYH DVXSUD DFWLYLWLL SH FDUH D GHVIúXUDWR vQWUXQ LQWHUYDO GDW GH WLPS
-XGHFDWD GH YDORDUH SH FDUH R IRUPXOHD] SURIHVRUXO FX SULYLUH OD FDOLWDWHD DFWLYLWLL
HOHYXOXLUHIOHFWHYROXLDGHDQVDPEOXDDFHVWXLDúLQXVWDUHDDFFLGHQWDOODXQPRPHQW
dat.

Ca instrument de evaluare, portofoliul are câteva caracteristici pe care profesorul

WUHEXLHVOHDLESHPDQHQWvQYHGHUH

3
Metoda presupune un demers complet, de la stabilirea RELHFWLYHORU SkQ OD FRQFHSHUHD úL aplicarea instrumentului.
Acesta din XUP este parte LQWHJUDQW D metodei de evaluare, reprezentând concretizarea parcursului metodologic.

63
a. FRPSRQHQWHOHSRUWRIROLXOXLVXQWVWDELOLWHGHFWUHSURIHVRUHOHYXODUHvQVOLEHUWDWHD
VDGDXJHRULFHDOWSLHVSHFDUHRFRQVLGHUUHOHYDQWSHQWUXDFWLYLWDWHDVD
b. FRPSRQHQWHOH SRUWRIROLXOXL VH HYDOXHD] VHSDUDW OD PRPHQWXO UHDOL]ULL ORU
HYDOXDUHD JOREDO D SRUWRIROLXOXL WUHEXLH UHDOL]DW SH ED]D XQRU FULWHULL H[SOLFLWH ±
FHHD FH DVLJXU RELHFWLYLWDWHD HYDOXULL ± FRPXQLFDWH HOHYLORU RGDW FX vQFHSHUHD
UHDOL]ULL OXL FRPXQLFDUHD FULWHULLORU HVWH R FRQGLLH HVHQLDO SHQWUX FXOWLYDUHD
FDSDFLWLLGHDXWRHYDOXDUHDHOHYLORU
c. SRUWRIROLXO HVWH XQ LQVWUXPHQW IOH[LELO SURLHFWDUHD UHDOL]ULL OXL úL D FRPSRQHQWHORU
VDOH SXWkQG IL DGDSWDW OD VSHFLILFXO GLVFLSOLQHL FODVHL FRQGLLLORU FRQFUHWH DOH
DFWLYLWLL
d. SRUWRIROLXO SHUPLWH DSUHFLHUHD úL LQFOXGHUHD vQ DFWXO HYDOXULL D XQRU SURGXVH DOH
DFWLYLWLL HOHYXOXL FDUH vQ PRG RELúQXLW QX VXQW DYXWH vQ YHGHUH DFHVW IDSW
vQFXUDMHD] H[SULPDUHD SHUVRQDO D HOHYXOXL DQJDMDUHD OXL vQ DFWLYLWL GH vQYDUH
PDLFRPSOH[HúLPDLFUHDWLYHGLYHUVLILFDUHDFXQRúWLQHORUGHSULQGHULORUúLDELOLWLORU
exersate;
e. HYDOXDUHD SRUWRIROLXOXL HVWH HOLEHUDW vQ PDUH SDUWH GH WHQVLXQLOH úL WRQXVXO DIHFWLY
QHJDWLY FDUH vQVRHVF IRUPHOH WUDGLLRQDOH GH HYDOXDUH HYDOXDUHD GHYLQH DVWIHO
PRWLYDQWúLQXVWUHVDQWSHQWUXHOHY
f. GHRDUHFHVLQWHWL]HD]DFWLYLWDWHDHOHYXOXLSHRSHULRDGUHODWLYvQGHOXQJDWGHWLPS
HYDOXDUHDSRUWRIROLXOXLSRDWHVHUYLúLFDHYDOXDUHVXPDWLYVDXFKLDUFDSDUWHDXQHL
H[DPLQUL

&XWLWOXGHH[HPSOLILFDUHVXJHUPOLVWDFRPSRQHQWHORUXQXLSRUWRIROLXODILORVRILH
- DSOLFDLLUHDOL]DWHFDDFWLYLWDWHLQGHSHQGHQW
- analize de text
- ILúHELRJUDILFH
- ILúHGHOHFWXU
- GRVDUHGHOHFWXUSHDXWRULFXUHQWHSUREOHPH
- eseuri
- DUWLFROHUHIHUDWHúLFRPXQLFUL
- FKHVWLRQDUH GH DWLWXGLQL úL GH HYDOXDUH D FRQGXLWHL OD vQFHSXWXO DQXOXL úL OD
VIkUúLW
- ILúHGHREVHUYDLLDOHSURIHVRUXOXLSHPDUJLQHDHVHXULORUOXFUULORUUHDOL]DWH
- WHVWHúLOXFUULVFULVHVHPHVWULDOH
- ILúDGHDXWRHYDOXDUH

5.4. AUTOEVALUAREA

3DUDOHO FX HYDOXDUHDSH FDUH R UHDOL]HD] FD SDUWH LQWHJUDQWD GHPHUVXOXL GLGDFWLF úL
FDUHWUHEXLHVILHFkWPDL³WUDQVSDUHQW´UHDOL]DWvQFRRSHUDUHFXHOHYLLúLvQFRQVHQV
FX QHYRLOH ORU GH IRUPDUH SURIHVRUXO WUHEXLH V vúL SURSXQ IRUPDUHD OD HOHYL D
GHSULQGHULL GH DXWRHYDOXDUH HO WUHEXLH V FUHH]H VLWXDLL vQ FDUH HOHYLL V H[HUVH]H
DXWRFRQWUROXOúLDXWRDSUHFLHUHDSURSULXOXLFRPSRUWDPHQWFRJQLWLYúLDWLWXGLQDOvQGLYHUVH
contexte.

64
(OHYLLWUHEXLHvQFXUDMDLVúLSXQvQWUHEULGHJHQXO
- Am rezolvat sarcina suficient de bine?
- 6XQWPXOXPLWGHFHHDFHDPUHDOL]DW"
- &HDQXPHPDvPSLHGLFDWVRELQXQUH]XOWDWPDLEXQ"
- ([LVWúLXQDOWPRGSURFHGHXVWUDWHJLHGHDUH]ROYDVDUFLQD"
- 3ULQ FH DQXPH VH GHRVHEHVF UH]XOWDWHOH PHOH GH FHOH RELQXWH GH FROHJLL
mei?
- &HWUHEXLHVIDFSHQWUXDPLvPEXQWLUH]XOWDWHOH"
- $UILELQHVPLIL[H]XQWHUPHQSkQODFDUHVUHXúHVFVRELQUH]XOWDWHPDL
bune? De ce?
- &HDQXPHPQHPXOXPHúWHFHOPDLPXOWvQDFWLYLWDWHDPHD"

5VSXQVXULOH OD DVWIHO GH vQWUHEUL FD úL OD DOWHOH DO FURU FRQLQXW SRDWH IL OVDW OD
ODWLWXGLQHDHOHYXOXLVDXSRDWHILVWDELOLWSULQGLVFXLHOLEHUvQFODVSRWILFRQVHPQDWHvQ
ILúDGHDXWRHYDOXDUH4 a elevului.
'DFHOHYLLPDQLIHVWLQWHUHVSHQWUXGLVFXWDUHDUVSXQVXULORUvQFODVSURIHVRUXOSRDWH
RUJDQL]D R GLVFXLHGH]EDWHUH SH PDUJLQHD ORU vQ XUPD FUHLD HOHYLL V GHWHUPLQH
IDFWRULLFHLPDLLPSRUWDQLDLVXFFHVXOXLORUSUHFXPúLFHLPDLLPSRUWDQLIDFWRULIUHQDWRUL
'LVFXLDQXWUHEXLHvQVVIRUH]HHOHYXOVúLFRPXQLFHJkQGXULOHúLSUHRFXSULOHGDF
HOQXGRUHúWHVIDFDFHVWOXFUX

Pentru formarea deprinderilor de autoevaluare, profesorul trebuie:

- V SUH]LQWH HOHYLORU VWDQGDUGHOH RELHFWLYHOH GH HYDOXDUH úL QLYHOHOH GH
SHUIRUPDQ
- VúLIRUPXOH]HFODUDúWHSWULOHVILHRELHFWLYúLFRQVHFYHQW
- V vQFXUDMH]H HOHYLL VúL SXQ vQWUHEUL GH WLS DXWRUHIOH[LY úL VúL
FRQVHPQH]HFRQVWDQWUVSXQVXULOHvQ)LúDGHDXWRHYDOXDUH
- VvQFXUDMH]HHYDOXDUHDvQFDGUXOJUXSXOXLVDXDOvQWUHJLLFODVH
- OD VIkUúLWXO ILHFUHL DFWLYLWL V FHDU HOHYLORU V UVSXQG OD vQWUHEUL GH
JHQXO$VW]LDPvQYDW««««««««««««««««««
$PDIODWGHVFRSHULWF«««««««««««««««
- Am folosit metoda…..………………………….deoarece aceasta mi-a
SHUPLVV««««««««««««««««««««««««
ÌQVLWXDLLVLPLODUHYRLIRORVL«««««««««««««««««

ÌQSURFHVXODXWRHYDOXULLúLSHPVXUDFRQVROLGULLGHSULQGHULLGHDXWRHYDOXDUHHOHYXOvúL
YDDSURSLDvQPDLPDUHPVXUVFRSXULOHúLRELHFWLYHOHDFWLYLWLLGHvQYDUHvúLYDOXD
vQ VWSkQLUH SURSULXO FRPSRUWDPHQW PHQWDO úL SUDFWLF YD WUDQVIRUPD DFWLYLWDWHD GH
vQYDUHvQDFWLYLWDWHGHDXWRIRUPDUH

4
Metoda DXWRHYDOXULL DUH FD SULQFLSDO LQVWUXPHQW ILúD GH autoevaluare a elevului.

65
 CAPITOLUL 6
PROBE DE EVALUARE
6.1. MODELE ORIENTATIVE

3HQWUX R PDL EXQ vQHOHJHUH D DSOLFULL GLYHUVHORU PHWRGH GH HYDOXDUH SUH]HQWP
FkWHYD PRGHOH GH SUREH GH HYDOXDUH FDUH LOXVWUHD] PRGXO vQ FDUH LWHPLL GHWDOLDL vQ
FDSLWROHOHDQWHULRDUHSRWILDVDPEODL

'LVFLSOLQD/RJLFúLDUJXPHQWDUH
Clasa a IX-a
(YDOXDUHFXUHQW±WHVWFULWHULDO
Timp de lucru – 20 minute
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWArgumentarea
Obiective de evaluare: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VGHILQHDVFDUJXPHQWDUHD
- VGHVFULHHWDSHOHGHSDUFXUVvQLGHQWLILFDUHDXQXLDUJXPHQW
- VXWLOL]H]HFXQRúWLQHOHSULYLQGVWUXFWXUDDUJXPHQWULLvQDQDOL]DXQXLWH[W
- VFRQVWUXLDVFDUJXPHQWHSHQWUXVXVLQHUHDXQHLFRQFOX]LLGDWH

1. &LWHúWHFXDWHQLHILHFDUHGLQHQXQXULOHXUPWRDUH
'DF DSUHFLH]L F SRDWH IL DFFHSWDW FD R GHILQLLH FRUHFW D DUJXPHQWULL
vQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD$GDFDSUHFLH]LFQXSRDWHILDFFHSWDWFDRGHILQLLHFRUHFWD
DUJXPHQWULLvQFHUFXLHúWHOLWHUD)

a. $VXVLQHDGRYHGLDvQWULDGHPRQVWUDFHYDFXDUJXPHQWH
A F
b. 3URFHV FDUH DUH FD VFRS JVLUHD GH WHPHLXUL vQ IDYRDUHD XQHL RSLQLL VDX
ajungerea la o opinie, pornind de la anumite temeiuri.
A F
c. 'HPHUVSULQFDUHMXVWLILFPRDILUPDLHSHFDUHRIDFHPvQFHUFkQGVFRQYLQJHP
FDYHPGUHSWDWHSURFHVXOGHMXVWLILFDUHORJLFDXQHLSURSR]LLLSHFDUHYUHPV
RVXVLQHP
A F

2. 3HQWUX D VWDELOL GDF XQ WH[W FRQLQH VDX QX XQ DUJXPHQWR DUJXPHQWDUH HVWH
QHFHVDUSDUFXUJHUHDDSDWUXHWDSHSDúL'HVFULHVXFFLQWvQFHFRQVWILHFDUH
1………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

66
 3……………………………………………………………………………………………..…
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
4……………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. 3HQWUXILHFDUHGLQXUPWRDUHOHHQXQXUL
a. VHSDUDLFRQFOX]LDGHDUJXPHQWHOHDGXVH
b. IRUPXODLSUHVXSR]LLLOHSHFDUHVHED]HD]FRQFOX]LD
7UHEXLHQHDSUDWVWHvPEUDFLPDLJURVSHQWUXFODUDGLRDXDQXQDWFYUHPHDVH
vQUXWHúWH
a………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
b………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(úWL XQ UXIFWRU SHQWUX F vQ WRDWH ILOPHOH SH FDUH OHDP Y]XW OD WHOHYL]RU
UXIFWRULLSXUWDXPDVFDH[DFWDúDFDWLQH
a……………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………...………………………………………………………………………..
b……………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
$VW]LDXWREX]HOHPHUJDWkWGHvQFHWvQFkWPDLELQHPHUJHPSHMRVODúFRDO
a……………………………………………………………………………………………...…
………………...………………………………………………………………………………..
b………………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. 3HQWUX ILHFDUH GLQ FRQFOX]LLOH XUPWRDUH IRUPXODL XQ DUJXPHQW úL XQ

contraargument:
3HQVLRQDULLWUHEXLHVSULPHDVFPHGLFDPHQWHOHJUDWXLW
Argumentul:……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………….…………………………………………………………………………
Contraargumentul:……………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(OHYLLFDUHSDUWLFLSODROLPSLDGHWUHEXLHVFXWLLGHIUHFYHQ
Argumentul:……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Contraargumentul:……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(OHYLLFDUHvQWkU]LHODSULPDRUWUHEXLHFRQVLGHUDLDEVHQLPRWLYDL

67
 Argumentul:……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Contraargumentul:……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Disciplina: Psihologie
Clasa a X-a
(YDOXDUHFXUHQW±WHVWFULWHULDO
Timp de lucru - 50 minute
8QLWDWHD GH FRQ LQXW 3URFHVHOH SVLKLFH úL UROXO ORU vQ HYROXLD SHUVRQDOLWLL ±
Gândirea
Obiective de evaluare: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VGHILQHDVFQRLXQHDSVLKRORJLFGHSUREOHP
- V GHVFULH VXFFLQW FRQLQXWXO ILHFUXLD GLQ VWDGLLOH JHQHWLFH DOH LQWHOHFWXOXL
uman stabilite de J. Piaget
- VH[HPSOLILFHPRGDOLWLOHGHRSHUDUHDJkQGLULL
- VDUJXPHQWH]HORFXOFHQWUDODOJkQGLULLvQFDGUXOVLVWHPXOXLSVLKLFXPDQ

 )RORVLQG WHUPHQXO GH ³GLVRQDQ FRJQLWLY´ VDX FHO GH ³REVWDFRO FRJQLWLY´
IRUPXODLGHILQLLDSVLKRORJLFDSUREOHPHL
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. &HUFHWULOH GH SVLKRORJLH JHQHWLF HIHFWXDWH GH - 3LDJHW DX GXV OD LGHQWLILFDUHD D
SDWUX VWDGLL SULQFLSDOH DOH GH]YROWULL LQWHOHFWXOXL XPDQ 'HVFULHL VXFFLQW FRQLQXWXO
ILHFUXLD
1…..……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
2………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………….…

68
3. 2SHUDLLOH IXQGDPHQWDOH DOH JkQGLULL VXQW DQDOL]D VLQWH]D FRPSDUDLD
DEVWUDFWL]DUHDJHQHUDOL]DUHDúLFRQFUHWL]DUHD
3HQWUX ILHFDUH GLQWUH HOH FRQVWUXLL FkWH XQ H[HPSOX FRQFUHW SULQ FDUH V LOXVWUDL
PRGXOvQFDUHVHPDQLIHVWDWXQFLFkQGvQYDLOD/LPEDúLOLWHUDWXUDURPkQ
Analiza:………………………………………………………………………………………...
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Sinteza:………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
&RPSDUDLD««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««««
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Abstractizarea:………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Generalizarea:……………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
….………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Concretizarea:………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

4. ,QYRFkQGFDUDFWHULVWLFLOHJHQHUDOHDOHJkQGLULLDUJXPHQWDLFHQWUDOLWDWHDHLvQFDGUXO
sistemului psihic uman.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Disciplina: Economie
Clasa a X-a sau a XI-a
(YDOXDUHFXUHQW±WHVWFULWHULDO
Timp de lucru – 25 minute
8QLWDWHDGHFRQ LQXWProfitul
Obiective de evaluare: Elevul va fi capabil:
- VGHILQHDVFSURILWXO
- VGHVFULHIXQFLLOHSURILWXOXL

69
 - V FRQVWUXLDVF XQ H[HPSOX FRQFUHW SULQ FDUH V LOXVWUH]H OHJWXUD GLQWUH
FRVWVDODULXúLSURILW
- V XWLOL]H]H IRUPXOHOH GH FDOFXODUH D UDWHL SURILWXOXL SHQWUX UH]ROYDUHD XQHL
probleme date.

1. ÌQ HFRQRPLD GH SLD SRVHVRULORU GH IDFWRUL GH SURGXFLH OH UHYLQ DQXPLWH IRUPH
FRQFUHWH GH YHQLW 'HILQLL YHQLWXO FH UHYLQH SRVHVRUXOXL IDFWRUXOXL GH SURGXFLH
capital.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. 3ULQIXQFLLOHVDOHHFRQRPLFHSVLKRORJLFHúLVRFLDOHSURILWXOMRDFXQUROHVHQLDOvQ
DVLJXUDUHDUDLRQDOLWLLvQHFRQRPLDGHSLD'HVFULHLVXFFLQWIXQFLLOHSURILWXOXL
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

8WLOL]kQGYDORULQXPHULFHFRQVWUXLLXQH[HPSOXFRQFUHWSULQFDUHVLOXVWUDLUHODLLOH
vQFDUHVHDIOVDODULXOFRVWXOúLSURILWXO
(VWHSRVLELOPDMRUDUHDVDODULXOXLIUGLPLQXDUHDSURILWXOXL"$UJXPHQWDL
3.1…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3.2…………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. /D VIkUúLWXO DQXOXL PDQDJHUXO XQHLILUPHGH FRQIHFLL GLVSXQH GH XUPWRDUHOH

date privind activitatea firmei:
- cifra de afaceri: 150 miliarde lei

70
 - ponderea costurilor materiale în totalul costului: 80%
- cheltuielile salariale: 20 miliarde lei
- capitalul total folosit: 300 miliarde lei
- impozitul pe profitul brut: 25%
(OGRUHúWHVGHWHUPLQHJUDGXOGHUHQWDELOLWDWHSURILWDELOLWDWHDILUPHLVDOH
a. 6WDELOLLIRUPXOHOHSHFDUHOHSRDWHXWLOL]D
b. 'HWHUPLQDLUH]XOWDWHOHODFDUHVHDMXQJHSULQDSOLFDUHDORU

a…………………………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
b…………………………………………………………………………………………….
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Disciplina: Filosofie
Clasa a XII-a
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manual pentru clasa a X-a
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7. Iliescu, A. P.; Miroiu, Mihaela; Miroiu, A. – “Filosofie”, manual pentru clasa a

XII-a
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8. Neculau, A. (coord), – “Psihologie”, manual pentru clasa a X-a

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15. Albulescu, I., Albulescu, M. – “Didactica disciplinelor socio-umane”

Editura Napoca Star, Cluj-Napoca, 1999

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18. Frith, D.S., Macintosh, H.G. – “A Teacher’s Guide to Assessment”

Stanley Thornes Ltd., 1991

19. Gronlund, N. – “Measurement and Evaluation in Teaching”

Ed. a IV-a, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 1981

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21. Stoica, A. (coord.) – “Ghid practic de elaborare a itemilor pentru examene” –

document de lucru. Unitatea Tranzitorie de Evaluare. Componenta: Evaluare a
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73